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canvas-lms/lib/api.rb

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# frozen_string_literal: true
#
# Copyright (C) 2011 - present Instructure, Inc.
#
# This file is part of Canvas.
#
# Canvas is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
# the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by the Free
# Software Foundation, version 3 of the License.
#
# Canvas is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
# WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Affero General Public License for more
# details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License along
# with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
#
module Api
PER_PAGE = 10
MAX_PER_PAGE = 100
# For plugin usage during transition; remove after
def self.max_per_page
MAX_PER_PAGE
end
# find id in collection, by either id or sis_*_id
# if the collection is over the users table, `self` is replaced by @current_user.id
# if `writable` is true and a shadow record is found, the corresponding primary record will be returned
# otherwise a read-only shadow record will be returned, to avoid a silent failure when attempting to save it
def api_find(collection, id, account: nil, writable: infer_writable_from_request_method)
result = api_find_all(collection, [id], account:).first
raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound, "Couldn't find #{collection.name} with API id '#{id}'") unless result
if result.shadow_record?
if writable
result.reload
else
result.readonly!
end
end
result
end
def api_find_all(collection, ids, account: nil)
if collection.table_name == User.table_name && @current_user
ids = ids.map { |id| (id == "self") ? @current_user.id : id }
end
if collection.table_name == Account.table_name
ids = ids.map do |id|
case id
when "self"
@domain_root_account.id
when "default"
Account.default.id
when "site_admin"
Account.site_admin.id
else
id
end
end
end
if collection.table_name == EnrollmentTerm.table_name
current_term = nil
ids = ids.map do |id|
case id
when "default"
@domain_root_account.default_enrollment_term
when "current"
unless current_term
current_terms = @domain_root_account
.enrollment_terms
.active
.where("(start_at<=? OR start_at IS NULL) AND (end_at >=? OR end_at IS NULL) AND NOT (start_at IS NULL AND end_at IS NULL)", Time.now.utc, Time.now.utc)
.limit(2)
.to_a
current_term = (current_terms.length == 1) ? current_terms.first : :nil
end
(current_term == :nil) ? nil : current_term
else
id
end
end
end
Api.sis_relation_for_collection(collection, ids, account || @domain_root_account, @current_user)
end
# map a list of ids and/or sis ids to plain ids.
# sis ids that can't be found in the db won't appear in the result, however
# AR object ids aren't verified to exist in the db so they'll still be
# returned in the result.
def self.map_ids(ids, collection, root_account, current_user = nil)
sis_mapping = sis_find_sis_mapping_for_collection(collection)
columns = sis_parse_ids(ids,
sis_mapping[:lookups],
current_user,
root_account:)
result = columns.delete(sis_mapping[:lookups]["id"]) || { ids: [] }
unless columns.empty?
relation = relation_for_sis_mapping_and_columns(collection, columns, sis_mapping, root_account)
# pluck ignores eager_load
relation = relation.joins(*relation.eager_load_values) if relation.eager_load_values.present?
result[:ids].concat relation.pluck(:id)
result[:ids].uniq!
result[:ids]
end
result[:ids]
end
SIS_MAPPINGS = {
"courses" =>
{ lookups: { "sis_course_id" => "sis_source_id",
"id" => "id",
"sis_integration_id" => "integration_id",
"lti_context_id" => "lti_context_id",
"uuid" => "uuid" }.freeze,
is_not_scoped_to_account: ["id"].freeze,
scope: "root_account_id" }.freeze,
"enrollment_terms" =>
{ lookups: { "sis_term_id" => "sis_source_id",
"id" => "id",
"sis_integration_id" => "integration_id" }.freeze,
is_not_scoped_to_account: ["id"].freeze,
scope: "root_account_id" }.freeze,
"users" =>
{ lookups: { "sis_user_id" => "pseudonyms.sis_user_id",
"sis_login_id" => {
column: "LOWER(pseudonyms.unique_id)",
transform: ->(id) { QuotedValue.new("LOWER(#{Pseudonym.connection.quote(id)})") }
},
"id" => "users.id",
"sis_integration_id" => "pseudonyms.integration_id",
"lti_context_id" => "users.lti_context_id", # leaving for legacy reasons
"lti_user_id" => {
column: [
"users.lti_context_id",
"user_past_lti_ids.user_lti_context_id",
],
joins_needed_for_query: [:past_lti_ids],
},
"lti_1_1_id" => "users.lti_context_id",
"lti_1_3_id" => "users.lti_id",
"uuid" => "users.uuid" }.freeze,
is_not_scoped_to_account: ["users.id", "users.lti_context_id", "user_past_lti_ids.user_lti_context_id", "users.lti_id", "users.uuid"].freeze,
scope: "pseudonyms.account_id",
joins: :pseudonym }.freeze,
"accounts" =>
{ lookups: { "sis_account_id" => "sis_source_id",
"id" => "id",
"sis_integration_id" => "integration_id",
"lti_context_id" => "lti_context_id",
"uuid" => "uuid" }.freeze,
is_not_scoped_to_account: %w[id lti_context_id uuid].freeze,
scope: "root_account_id" }.freeze,
"course_sections" =>
{ lookups: { "sis_section_id" => "sis_source_id",
"id" => "id",
"sis_integration_id" => "integration_id" }.freeze,
is_not_scoped_to_account: ["id"].freeze,
scope: "root_account_id" }.freeze,
"groups" =>
{ lookups: { "sis_group_id" => "sis_source_id",
"lti_context_id" => "lti_context_id",
"id" => "id" }.freeze,
is_not_scoped_to_account: ["id"].freeze,
scope: "root_account_id" }.freeze,
"group_categories" =>
{ lookups: { "sis_group_category_id" => "sis_source_id",
"id" => "id" }.freeze,
is_not_scoped_to_account: ["id"].freeze,
scope: "root_account_id" }.freeze,
"assignments" =>
{ lookups: { "sis_assignment_id" => "sis_source_id",
"id" => "id",
"lti_context_id" => "lti_context_id" }.freeze,
is_not_scoped_to_account: ["id"].freeze,
scope: "root_account_id" }.freeze,
}.freeze
MAX_ID = ((2**63) - 1)
MAX_ID_LENGTH = MAX_ID.to_s.length
MAX_ID_RANGE = (-MAX_ID...MAX_ID)
ID_REGEX = /\A\d{1,#{MAX_ID_LENGTH}}\z/
UUID_REGEX = /\Auuid:(\w{40,})\z/
def self.not_scoped_to_account?(columns, sis_mapping)
flattened_array_of_columns = [columns].flatten
not_scoped_to_account_columns = sis_mapping[:is_not_scoped_to_account] || []
(flattened_array_of_columns - not_scoped_to_account_columns).empty?
end
def self.sis_parse_id(id, _current_user = nil,
root_account: nil)
# returns sis_column_name, column_value
return "id", id if id.is_a?(Numeric) || id.is_a?(ActiveRecord::Base)
id = id.to_s.strip
case id
when /\Ahex:(lti_[\w_]+|sis_[\w_]+):(([0-9A-Fa-f]{2})+)\z/
sis_column = $1
sis_id = [$2].pack("H*")
when /\A(lti_[\w_]+|sis_[\w_]+):(.+)\z/
sis_column = $1
sis_id = $2
when ID_REGEX
return "id", (/\A\d+\z/.match?(id) ? id.to_i : id)
when UUID_REGEX
return "uuid", $1
else
return nil, nil
end
[sis_column, sis_id]
end
def self.sis_parse_ids(ids, lookups, current_user = nil, root_account: nil)
# returns an object like {
# "column_name" => {
# ids: [column_value, ...].uniq,
# joins_needed_for_query: [relation_name, ...] <-- optional
# }
# }
columns = {}
ids.compact.each do |id|
sis_column, sis_id = sis_parse_id(id, current_user, root_account:)
next unless sis_column && sis_id
column = lookups[sis_column]
if column.is_a?(Hash)
column_name = column[:column]
if column[:transform]
if sis_id.is_a? Array
# this means that the MRA override sis_parse_id function turned sis_id into [sis_id, @account]
sis_id[0] = column[:transform].call(sis_id[0])
else
sis_id = column[:transform].call(sis_id)
end
end
if (joins_needed_for_query = column[:joins_needed_for_query])
columns[column_name] ||= {}
columns[column_name][:joins_needed_for_query] ||= []
columns[column_name][:joins_needed_for_query] << joins_needed_for_query
end
column = column_name
end
next unless column
columns[column] ||= {}
columns[column][:ids] ||= []
columns[column][:ids] << sis_id
end
columns.each_key { |key| columns[key][:ids].uniq! }
columns
end
# remove things that don't look like valid database IDs
# return in integer format if possible
# (note that ID_REGEX may be redefined by a plugin!)
def self.map_non_sis_ids(ids)
ids.map { |id| id.to_s.strip }.grep(ID_REGEX).map do |id|
/\A\d+\z/.match?(id) ? id.to_i : id
end
end
def self.sis_find_sis_mapping_for_collection(collection)
SIS_MAPPINGS[collection.table_name] or
raise(ArgumentError, "need to add support for table name: #{collection.table_name}")
end
def self.sis_relation_for_collection(collection, ids, sis_root_account, current_user = nil)
relation_for_sis_mapping(collection,
sis_find_sis_mapping_for_collection(collection),
ids,
sis_root_account,
current_user)
end
def self.relation_for_sis_mapping(relation, sis_mapping, ids, sis_root_account, current_user = nil)
relation_for_sis_mapping_and_columns(relation,
sis_parse_ids(ids,
sis_mapping[:lookups],
current_user,
root_account: sis_root_account),
sis_mapping,
sis_root_account)
end
def self.relation_for_sis_mapping_and_columns(relation, columns, sis_mapping, sis_root_account)
raise ArgumentError, "sis_root_account required for lookups" unless sis_root_account.is_a?(Account)
return relation.none if columns.empty?
relation = relation.all unless relation.is_a?(ActiveRecord::Relation)
if columns.keys.flatten.length == 1 && not_scoped_to_account?(columns.keys.first, sis_mapping)
queryable_columns = {}
columns.each_pair { |column_name, value| queryable_columns[column_name] = value[:ids] }
relation = relation.where(queryable_columns)
else
args = []
query = []
columns.each_key do |column|
relation = relation.left_outer_joins(columns[column][:joins_needed_for_query]) if columns[column][:joins_needed_for_query]
if not_scoped_to_account?(column, sis_mapping)
conditions = []
if column.is_a?(Array)
column.each do |column_name|
conditions << "#{column_name} IN (?)"
args << columns[column][:ids]
end
else
conditions << "#{column} IN (?)"
args << columns[column][:ids]
end
query << conditions.join(" OR ").to_s
else
raise ArgumentError, "missing scope for collection" unless sis_mapping[:scope]
ids = columns[column][:ids]
if ids.any?(Array)
ids_hash = {}
ids.each do |id|
id = Array(id)
account = id.last || sis_root_account
ids_hash[account] ||= []
ids_hash[account] << id.first
end
else
ids_hash = { sis_root_account => ids }
end
Shard.partition_by_shard(ids_hash.keys) do |root_accounts_on_shard|
sub_query = []
sub_args = []
root_accounts_on_shard.each do |root_account|
ids = ids_hash[root_account]
conditions = []
if column.is_a?(Array)
column.each do |column_name|
conditions << "#{column_name} IN (?)"
sub_args << ids
end
else
conditions << "#{column} IN (?)"
sub_args << ids
end
sub_query << "(#{sis_mapping[:scope]} = #{root_account.id} AND (#{conditions.join(" OR ")}))"
end
if Shard.current == relation.primary_shard
query.concat(sub_query)
args.concat(sub_args)
else
raise "cross-shard non-ID Api lookups are only supported for users" unless relation.klass == User
sub_args.unshift(sub_query.join(" OR "))
users = relation.klass.joins(sis_mapping[:joins]).where(*sub_args).select(:id, :updated_at).to_a
User.preload_shard_associations(users)
users.each { |u| u.associate_with_shard(relation.primary_shard, :shadow) }
query << "#{relation.table_name}.id IN (?)"
args << users
end
end
end
end
args.unshift(query.join(" OR "))
relation = relation.where(*args)
relation
end
relation = relation.eager_load(sis_mapping[:joins]) if sis_mapping[:joins]
relation
end
def self.per_page_for(controller, options = {})
per_page_requested = controller.params[:per_page] || options[:default] || PER_PAGE
max = options[:max] || MAX_PER_PAGE
per_page_requested.to_i.clamp(1, max.to_i)
end
# Add [link HTTP Headers](http://www.w3.org/Protocols/9707-link-header.html) for pagination
# The collection needs to be a will_paginate collection (or act like one)
# a new, paginated collection will be returned
def self.paginate(collection, controller, base_url, pagination_args = {}, response_args = {})
collection = ordered_collection(collection)
collection = paginate_collection!(collection, controller, pagination_args)
hash = build_links_hash(base_url, meta_for_pagination(controller, collection))
links = build_links_from_hash(hash)
controller.response.headers["Link"] = links.join(",") unless links.empty?
if response_args[:enhanced_return]
{ hash:, collection: }
else
collection
end
end
def self.ordered_collection(collection)
if collection.is_a?(ActiveRecord::Relation) && collection.order_values.blank?
collection = collection.order(collection.primary_key.to_sym)
end
collection
end
# Returns collection as the first return value, and the meta information hash
# as the second return value
def self.jsonapi_paginate(collection, controller, base_url, pagination_args = {})
collection = paginate_collection!(collection, controller, pagination_args)
meta = jsonapi_meta(collection, controller, base_url)
hash = build_links_hash(base_url, meta_for_pagination(controller, collection))
links = build_links_from_hash(hash)
controller.response.headers["Link"] = links.join(",") unless links.empty?
[collection, meta]
end
def self.jsonapi_meta(collection, controller, base_url)
pagination = meta_for_pagination(controller, collection)
meta = {
per_page: collection.per_page
}
meta.merge!(build_links_hash(base_url, pagination))
if collection.ordinal_pages?
meta[:page] = pagination[:current]
meta[:template] = meta[:current].sub(/page=\d+/, "page={page}")
end
meta[:count] = collection.total_entries if collection.total_entries
meta[:page_count] = collection.total_pages if collection.total_pages
{ pagination: meta }
end
def self.paginate_collection!(collection, controller, pagination_args)
wrap_pagination_args!(pagination_args, controller)
begin
paginated = collection.paginate(pagination_args)
rescue Folio::InvalidPage
# Have to .try(:build_page) because we use some collections (like
# PaginatedCollection) that do not conform to the full will_paginate API.
if pagination_args[:page].to_s =~ /\d+/ && pagination_args[:page].to_i > 0 && collection.try(:build_page)&.ordinal_pages?
# for backwards compatibility we currently require returning [] for
# pages beyond the end of an ordinal collection, rather than a 404.
paginated = Folio::Ordinal::Page.create
paginated.current_page = pagination_args[:page].to_i
else
# we're not dealing with a simple out-of-bounds on an ordinal
# collection, let the exception propagate (and turn into a 404)
raise
end
end
paginated
end
def self.wrap_pagination_args!(pagination_args, controller)
pagination_args = pagination_args.to_unsafe_h if pagination_args.is_a?(ActionController::Parameters)
pagination_args.reverse_merge!(
page: controller.params[:page],
per_page: per_page_for(controller,
default: pagination_args.delete(:default_per_page),
max: pagination_args.delete(:max_per_page))
)
end
def self.meta_for_pagination(controller, collection)
{
query_parameters: controller.request.query_parameters,
per_page: collection.per_page,
current: collection.current_page,
next: collection.next_page,
prev: collection.previous_page,
first: collection.first_page,
last: collection.last_page,
}
end
PAGINATION_PARAMS = %i[current next prev first last].freeze
LINK_PRIORITY = %i[next last prev current first].freeze
EXCLUDE_IN_PAGINATION_LINKS = %w[page per_page access_token api_key].freeze
def self.build_links(base_url, opts = {})
links = build_links_hash(base_url, opts)
build_links_from_hash(links)
end
def self.build_links_from_hash(links)
# iterate in order, but only using the keys present from build_links_hash
(PAGINATION_PARAMS & links.keys).map do |k|
v = links[k]
"<#{v}>; rel=\"#{k}\""
end
end
def self.build_links_hash(base_url, opts = {})
base_url += (base_url.include?("?") ? "&" : "?")
qp = opts[:query_parameters] || {}
qp = qp.with_indifferent_access.except(*EXCLUDE_IN_PAGINATION_LINKS)
base_url += "#{qp.to_query}&" if qp.present?
# Apache limits the HTTP response headers to 8KB total; with lots of query parameters, link headers can exceed this
# so prioritize the links we include and don't exceed (by default) 6KB in total
max_link_headers_size = 6.kilobytes.to_i
link_headers_size = 0
LINK_PRIORITY.each_with_object({}) do |param, obj|
next unless opts[param].present?
link = "#{base_url}page=#{opts[param]}&per_page=#{opts[:per_page]}"
return obj if link_headers_size + link.size > max_link_headers_size
link_headers_size += link.size
obj[param] = link
end
end
def self.pagination_params(base_url)
if base_url.length > 65_536
# to prevent Link headers from consuming too much of the 8KB Apache allows in response headers
ESSENTIAL_PAGINATION_PARAMS
else
PAGINATION_PARAMS
end
end
def self.parse_pagination_links(link_header)
link_header.split(",").map do |link|
url, rel = link.match(/^<([^>]+)>; rel="([^"]+)"/).captures
uri = URI.parse(url)
raise(ArgumentError, "pagination url is not an absolute uri: #{url}") unless uri.is_a?(URI::HTTP)
Rack::Utils.parse_nested_query(uri.query).merge(uri:, rel:)
end
end
def media_comment_json(media_object_or_hash)
media_object_or_hash = OpenStruct.new(media_object_or_hash) if media_object_or_hash.is_a?(Hash)
convert_media_type = Attachment.mime_class(media_object_or_hash.media_type)
{
"content-type" => "#{convert_media_type}/mp4",
"display_name" => media_object_or_hash.title.presence || media_object_or_hash.user_entered_title,
"media_id" => media_object_or_hash.media_id,
"media_type" => convert_media_type,
"url" => user_media_download_url(user_id: @current_user.id,
entryId: media_object_or_hash.media_id,
type: "mp4",
redirect: "1")
}
end
def self.api_bulk_load_user_content_attachments(htmls, context = nil)
regex = context ? %r{/#{context.class.name.tableize}/#{context.id}/files/(\d+)} : %r{/files/(\d+)}
attachment_ids = []
htmls.compact.each do |html|
html.scan(regex).each do |match|
attachment_ids << match.first
end
end
if attachment_ids.blank?
{}
else
attachments = if context.is_a?(User) || context.nil?
Attachment.where(id: attachment_ids)
else
context.attachments.where(id: attachment_ids)
end
attachments.preload(:context).index_by(&:id)
end
end
def api_bulk_load_user_content_attachments(htmls, context = nil)
Api.api_bulk_load_user_content_attachments(htmls, context)
end
PLACEHOLDER_PROTOCOL = "https"
PLACEHOLDER_HOST = "placeholder.invalid"
def get_host_and_protocol_from_request
[request.host_with_port, request.ssl? ? "https" : "http"]
end
def resolve_placeholders(content)
host, protocol = get_host_and_protocol_from_request
# content is a json-encoded string; slashes are escaped (at least in Rails 4.0)
content.gsub("#{PLACEHOLDER_PROTOCOL}:\\/\\/#{PLACEHOLDER_HOST}", "#{protocol}:\\/\\/#{host}")
.gsub("#{PLACEHOLDER_PROTOCOL}://#{PLACEHOLDER_HOST}", "#{protocol}://#{host}")
end
def user_can_download_attachment?(attachment, context, user)
# checking on the context first can improve performance when checking many attachments for admins
context&.grants_any_right?(
user,
:read_as_admin,
*RoleOverride::GRANULAR_FILE_PERMISSIONS
) || attachment&.grants_right?(user, nil, :download)
end
def api_user_content(html,
context = @context,
user = @current_user,
preloaded_attachments = {},
options = {},
is_public = false)
return html if html.blank?
# use the host of the request if available;
# use a placeholder host for pre-generated content, which we will replace with the request host when available;
# otherwise let HostUrl figure out what host is appropriate
if respond_to?(:request)
host, protocol = get_host_and_protocol_from_request
target_shard = Shard.current
elsif respond_to?(:use_placeholder_host?) && use_placeholder_host?
host = PLACEHOLDER_HOST
protocol = PLACEHOLDER_PROTOCOL
else
host = HostUrl.context_host(context, @account_domain.try(:host))
protocol = HostUrl.protocol
end
html = context.shard.activate do
rewriter = UserContent::HtmlRewriter.new(context, user)
rewriter.set_handler("files") do |match|
UserContent::FilesHandler.new(
match:,
context:,
user:,
preloaded_attachments:,
is_public:,
in_app: respond_to?(:in_app?, true) && in_app?
).processed_url
end
rewriter.translate_content(html)
end
url_helper = Html::UrlProxy.new(self,
context,
host,
protocol,
target_shard:)
account = Context.get_account(context) || @domain_root_account
include_mobile = !(respond_to?(:in_app?, true) && in_app?)
Html::Content.rewrite_outgoing(
html,
account,
url_helper,
include_mobile:,
rewrite_api_urls: options[:rewrite_api_urls]
)
end
# This removes the verifier parameters that are added to attachment links by api_user_content
# and adds context (e.g. /courses/:id/) if it is missing
# exception: it leaves user-context file links alone
def process_incoming_html_content(html)
host, port = [request.host, request.port] if respond_to?(:request)
Html::Content.process_incoming(html, host:, port:)
end
def value_to_boolean(value)
Canvas::Plugin.value_to_boolean(value)
end
# takes a comma separated string, an array, or nil and returns an array
def self.value_to_array(value)
value.is_a?(String) ? value.split(",") : (value || [])
end
def self.invalid_time_stamp_error(attribute, message)
data = {
message: "invalid #{attribute}",
exception_message: message
}
Canvas::Errors.capture("invalid_date_time", data, :info)
end
# regex for valid iso8601 dates
ISO8601_REGEX = /^(?<year>[0-9]{4})-
(?<month>1[0-2]|0[1-9])-
(?<day>3[0-1]|0[1-9]|[1-2][0-9])T
(?<hour>2[0-3]|[0-1][0-9]):
(?<minute>[0-5][0-9]):
(?<second>60|[0-5][0-9])
(?<fraction>\.[0-9]+)?
(?<timezone>Z|[+-](?:2[0-3]|[0-1][0-9]):[0-5][0-9])?$/x
# regex for valid dates
DATE_REGEX = %r{^\d{4}[- /.](0[1-9]|1[012])[- /.](0[1-9]|[12][0-9]|3[01])$}
# regex for shard-aware ID
ID = '(?:\d+~)?\d+'
# maps a Canvas data type to an API-friendly type name
API_DATA_TYPE = { "Attachment" => "File",
"WikiPage" => "Page",
"DiscussionTopic" => "Discussion",
"Assignment" => "Assignment",
"Quizzes::Quiz" => "Quiz",
"ContextModuleSubHeader" => "SubHeader",
"ExternalUrl" => "ExternalUrl",
"ContextExternalTool" => "ExternalTool",
"ContextModule" => "Module",
"ContentTag" => "ModuleItem" }.freeze
# matches the other direction, case insensitively
def self.api_type_to_canvas_name(api_type)
unless @inverse_map
m = {}
API_DATA_TYPE.each do |k, v|
m[v.downcase] = k
end
@inverse_map = m
end
return nil unless api_type
@inverse_map[api_type.downcase]
end
def accepts_jsonapi?
!!request.headers["Accept"].to_s.include?("application/vnd.api+json")
end
# Return a template url that follows the root links key for the jsonapi.org
# standard.
def templated_url(method, *args)
format = /^\{.*\}$/
placeholder = "PLACEHOLDER"
placeholders = args.each_with_index.map do |arg, index|
arg&.match?(format) ? "#{placeholder}#{index}" : arg
end
url = send(method, *placeholders)
args.each_with_index do |arg, index|
url.sub!("#{placeholder}#{index}", arg) if arg&.match?(format)
end
url
end
private
def infer_writable_from_request_method
respond_to?(:request) && %w[PUT POST PATCH DELETE].include?(request&.method)
end
end
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