canvas-lms/lib/lti/variable_expander.rb

#
# Copyright (C) 2015 - present Instructure, Inc.
#
# This file is part of Canvas.
#
# Canvas is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
# the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by the Free
# Software Foundation, version 3 of the License.
#
# Canvas is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
# WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Affero General Public License for more
# details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License along
# with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
#

# Filters added to this controller apply to all controllers in the application.
# Likewise, all the methods added will be available for all controllers.
# NOTE: To update the VariableExpansion docs run `script/generate_lti_variable_substitution_markdown`

module Lti
  class VariableExpander

    SUBSTRING_REGEX = /(?<=\${).*?(?=})/.freeze #matches only the stuff inside `${}`

    attr_reader :context, :root_account, :controller, :current_user

    attr_accessor :current_pseudonym, :content_tag, :assignment,
                  :tool_setting_link_id, :tool_setting_binding_id, :tool_setting_proxy_id, :tool, :attachment,
                  :collaboration, :variable_whitelist, :variable_blacklist

    def self.register_expansion(name, permission_groups, expansion_proc, *guards)
      @expansions ||= {}
      @expansions["$#{name}".to_sym] = VariableExpansion.new(
        name,
        permission_groups,
        expansion_proc,
        *([-> { Lti::AppUtil.allowed?(name, @variable_whitelist, @variable_blacklist) }] + guards)
      )
    end

    def self.expansions
      @expansions || {}
    end

    def self.expansion_keys
      self.expansions.keys.map { |c| c.to_s[1..-1] }
    end

    def self.default_name_expansions
      self.expansions.values.select { |v| v.default_name.present? }.map(&:name)
    end

    CONTROLLER_GUARD = -> { !!@controller }
    COURSE_GUARD = -> { @context.is_a? Course }
    TERM_START_DATE_GUARD = -> { @context.is_a?(Course) && @context.enrollment_term &&
                                 @context.enrollment_term.start_at }
    TERM_NAME_GUARD = -> { @context.is_a?(Course) && @context.enrollment_term&.name }
    USER_GUARD = -> { @current_user }
    SIS_USER_GUARD = -> { @current_user && @current_user.pseudonym && @current_user.pseudonym.sis_user_id }
    PSEUDONYM_GUARD = -> { sis_pseudonym }
    ENROLLMENT_GUARD = -> { @current_user && @context.is_a?(Course) }
    ROLES_GUARD = -> { @current_user && (@context.is_a?(Course) || @context.is_a?(Account)) }
    CONTENT_TAG_GUARD = -> { @content_tag }
    ASSIGNMENT_GUARD = -> { @assignment }
    COLLABORATION_GUARD = -> { @collaboration }
    MEDIA_OBJECT_GUARD = -> { @attachment && @attachment.media_object}
    USAGE_RIGHTS_GUARD = -> { @attachment && @attachment.usage_rights}
    MEDIA_OBJECT_ID_GUARD = -> {@attachment && (@attachment.media_object || @attachment.media_entry_id )}
    LTI1_GUARD = -> { @tool.is_a?(ContextExternalTool) }
    MASQUERADING_GUARD = -> { !!@controller && @controller.logged_in_user != @current_user }
    MESSAGE_TOKEN_GUARD = -> { @post_message_token.present? || @launch&.instance_of?(Lti::Launch) }
    ORIGINALITY_REPORT_GUARD = -> { @originality_report.present? }
    ORIGINALITY_REPORT_ATTACHMENT_GUARD = -> { @originality_report&.attachment.present? }
    LTI_ASSIGN_ID = -> { @assignment.present? || @originality_report.present? || @secure_params.present? }
    EDITOR_CONTENTS_GAURD = -> { @editor_contents.present? }
    EDITOR_SELECTION_GAURD = -> { @editor_contents.present? }

    def initialize(root_account, context, controller, opts = {})
      @root_account = root_account
      @context = context
      @controller = controller
      @request = controller.request if controller
      opts.each { |opt, val| instance_variable_set("@#{opt}", val) }
    end

    def lti_helper
      @lti_helper ||= Lti::SubstitutionsHelper.new(@context, @root_account, @current_user, @tool)
    end

    def current_user=(current_user)
      @lti_helper = nil
      @current_user = current_user
    end

    def [](key)
      k = (key[0] == '$' && key) || "$#{key}"
      if (expansion = self.class.expansions[k.respond_to?(:to_sym) && k.to_sym])
        expansion.expand(self)
      end
    end

    def expand_variables!(var_hash)
      var_hash.update(var_hash) do |_, v|
        if (expansion = v.respond_to?(:to_sym) && self.class.expansions[v.to_sym])
          expansion.expand(self)
        elsif v.respond_to?(:to_s) && v.to_s =~ SUBSTRING_REGEX
          expand_substring_variables(v)
        else
          v
        end
      end
    end

    def enabled_capability_params(enabled_capabilities)
      enabled_capabilities.each_with_object({}) do |capability, hash|
        if (expansion = capability.respond_to?(:to_sym) && self.class.expansions["$#{capability}".to_sym])
          value = expansion.expand(self)
          hash[expansion.default_name] = value if expansion.default_name.present? && value != "$#{capability}"
        end
      end
    end

    # The title of the context
    # @launch_parameter context_title
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   Example Course
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Context.title', [],
                       -> { @context.name },
                       default_name: 'context_title'

    # The contents of the text editor associated with the content item launch.
    # @launch_parameter com_instructure_editor_contents
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   "This text was in the editor"
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'com.instructure.Editor.contents', [],
                      -> { @editor_contents},
                      EDITOR_CONTENTS_GAURD,
                      default_name: 'com_instructure_editor_contents'

    # The contents the user has selected in the text editor associated
    # with the content item launch.
    # @launch_parameter com_instructure_editor_selection
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   "this text was selected by the user"
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'com.instructure.Editor.selection', [],
                      -> { @editor_selection },
                      EDITOR_SELECTION_GAURD,
                      default_name: 'com_instructure_editor_selection'

    # A token that can be used for frontend communication between an LTI tool
    # and Canvas via the Window.postMessage API
    # @launch_parameter com_instructure_post_message_token
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   9ae4170c-6b64-444d-9246-0b7dedd5f560
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'com.instructure.PostMessageToken', [],
                      -> { @post_message_token || @launch.post_message_token },
                      MESSAGE_TOKEN_GUARD,
                      default_name: 'com_instructure_post_message_token'

    # The LTI assignment id of an assignment. This value corresponds with
    # the `ext_lti_assignment_id` send in various launches and webhooks.
    # @launch_parameter com_instructure_assignment_lti_id
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   9ae4170c-6b64-444d-9246-0b7dedd5f560
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'com.instructure.Assignment.lti.id', [],
                       -> do
                        if @assignment
                          @assignment.lti_context_id
                        elsif @originality_report
                          @originality_report.submission.assignment.lti_context_id
                        elsif @secure_params.present?
                          Lti::Security.decoded_lti_assignment_id(@secure_params)
                        end
                       end,
                       LTI_ASSIGN_ID,
                       default_name: 'com_instructure_assignment_lti_id'

    # The Canvas id of the Originality Report associated
    # with the launch.
    # @launch_parameter com_instructure_originality_report_id
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   23
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'com.instructure.OriginalityReport.id', [],
                       -> do
                        @originality_report.id
                       end,
                       ORIGINALITY_REPORT_GUARD,
                       default_name: 'com_instructure_originality_report_id'

    # The Canvas id of the submission associated with the
    # launch.
    # @launch_parameter com_instructure_submission_id
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   23
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'com.instructure.Submission.id', [],
                      -> { @originality_report.submission.id },
                      ORIGINALITY_REPORT_GUARD,
                      default_name: 'com_instructure_submission_id'

    # The Canvas id of the file associated with the submission
    # in the launch.
    # @launch_parameter com_instructure_file_id
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   23
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'com.instructure.File.id', [],
                     -> { @originality_report.attachment.id },
                     ORIGINALITY_REPORT_ATTACHMENT_GUARD,
                     default_name: 'com_instructure_file_id'

    # the LIS identifier for the course offering
    # @launch_parameter lis_course_offering_sourcedid
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   1234
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'CourseOffering.sourcedId', [],
                       -> { @context.sis_source_id },
                       COURSE_GUARD,
                       default_name: 'lis_course_offering_sourcedid'

    # an opaque identifier that uniquely identifies the context of the tool launch
    # @launch_parameter context_id
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   cdca1fe2c392a208bd8a657f8865ddb9ca359534
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Context.id', [],
                       -> { Lti::Asset.opaque_identifier_for(@context) },
                       default_name: 'context_id'

    # The sourced Id of the context.
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   1234
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Context.sourcedId', [],
                       -> { @context.sis_source_id }

    # communicates the kind of browser window/frame where the Canvas has launched a tool
    # @launch_parameter launch_presentation_document_target
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   iframe
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Message.documentTarget', [],
                       -> { IMS::LTI::Models::Messages::Message::LAUNCH_TARGET_IFRAME },
                       default_name: 'launch_presentation_document_target'

    # returns the current locale
    # @launch_parameter launch_presentation_locale
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   de
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Message.locale', [],
                       -> { I18n.locale || I18n.default_locale },
                       default_name: 'launch_presentation_locale'

    # returns a unique identifier for the Tool Consumer (Canvas)
    # @launch_parameter tool_consumer_instance_guid
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   0dWtgJjjFWRNT41WdQMvrleejGgv7AynCVm3lmZ2:canvas-lms
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'ToolConsumerInstance.guid', [],
                       -> { @root_account.lti_guid },
                       default_name: 'tool_consumer_instance_guid'

    # returns the canvas domain for the current context.
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   canvas.instructure.com
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Canvas.api.domain', [],
                       -> { HostUrl.context_host(@root_account, @request.host) },
                       CONTROLLER_GUARD

    # returns the api url for the members of the collaboration
    # @example
    #  ```
    #  https://canvas.instructure.com/api/v1/collaborations/1/members
    #  ```
    register_expansion 'Canvas.api.collaborationMembers.url', [],
                       -> { @controller.api_v1_collaboration_members_url(@collaboration) },
                       CONTROLLER_GUARD,
                       COLLABORATION_GUARD
    # returns the base URL for the current context.
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   https://canvas.instructure.com
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Canvas.api.baseUrl', [],
                       -> { "#{@request.scheme}://#{HostUrl.context_host(@root_account, @request.host)}" },
                       CONTROLLER_GUARD

    # returns the URL for the membership service associated with the current context.
    #
    # This variable is for future use only. Complete support for the IMS Membership Service has not been added to Canvas. This will be updated when we fully support and certify the IMS Membership Service.
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   https://canvas.instructure.com/api/lti/courses/1/membership_service
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'ToolProxyBinding.memberships.url', [],
                       -> { @controller.polymorphic_url([@context, :membership_service]) },
                       CONTROLLER_GUARD,
                       -> { @context.is_a?(Course) || @context.is_a?(Group) }

    # returns the account id for the current context.
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   1234
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Canvas.account.id', [],
                       -> { lti_helper.account.id }

    # returns the account name for the current context.
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   School Name
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Canvas.account.name', [],
                       -> { lti_helper.account.name }

    # returns the account's sis source id for the current context.
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   sis_account_id_1234
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Canvas.account.sisSourceId', [],
                       -> { lti_helper.account.sis_source_id }

    # returns the Root Account ID for the current context.
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   1234
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Canvas.rootAccount.id', [],
                       -> { @root_account.id }

    # returns the root account's sis source id for the current context.
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   sis_account_id_1234
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Canvas.rootAccount.sisSourceId', [],
                       -> { @root_account.sis_source_id }

    # returns the URL for the external tool that was launched. Only available for LTI 1.
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   http://example.url/path
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Canvas.externalTool.url', [],
                       -> { @controller.named_context_url(@tool.context, :api_v1_context_external_tools_update_url,
                                                          @tool.id, include_host:true) },
                       CONTROLLER_GUARD,
                       LTI1_GUARD

    # returns the URL to retrieve the brand config JSON for the launching context.
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   http://example.url/path.json
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'com.instructure.brandConfigJSON.url', [],
                       -> { @controller.active_brand_config_url('json') },
                       CONTROLLER_GUARD

    # returns the brand config JSON itself for the launching context.
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   {"ic-brand-primary-darkened-5":"#0087D7"}
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'com.instructure.brandConfigJSON', [],
                       -> { @controller.active_brand_config.try(:to_json) },
                       CONTROLLER_GUARD

    # returns the URL to retrieve the brand config javascript for the launching context.
    # This URL should be used as the src attribute for a script tag on the external tool
    # provider's web page. It is configured to be used with the [instructure-ui node module](https://github.com/instructure/instructure-ui).
    # More information on on how to use instructure ui react components can be found [here](http://instructure.github.io/instructure-ui/).
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   http://example.url/path.js
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'com.instructure.brandConfigJS.url', [],
                       -> { @controller.active_brand_config_url('js') },
                       CONTROLLER_GUARD

    # returns the URL for the common css file.
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   http://example.url/path.css
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Canvas.css.common', [],
                       -> { URI.parse(@request.url).
                         merge(@controller.view_context.stylesheet_path(@controller.css_url_for(:common))).to_s },
                       CONTROLLER_GUARD

    # returns the shard id for the current context.
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   1234
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Canvas.shard.id', [],
                       -> { Shard.current.id }

    # returns the root account's global id for the current context.
    # @duplicates Canvas.user.globalId
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   123400000000123
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Canvas.root_account.global_id', [],
                       -> { @root_account.global_id }

    # returns the root account id for the current context.
    # @deprecated
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   1234
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Canvas.root_account.id', [],
                       -> { @root_account.id }

    # returns the account uuid for the current context.
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   Ioe3sJPt0KZp9Pw6xAvcHuLCl0z4TvPKP0iIOLbo
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'vnd.Canvas.root_account.uuid', [],
                       -> { @root_account.uuid },
                       default_name: 'vnd_canvas_root_account_uuid'

    # returns the root account sis source id for the current context.
    # @deprecated
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   1234
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Canvas.root_account.sisSourceId', [],
                       -> { @root_account.sis_source_id }

    # returns the current course id.
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   1234
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Canvas.course.id', [],
                       -> { @context.id },
                       COURSE_GUARD

    # returns the current course uuid.
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   S3vhRY2pBzG8iPdZ3OBPsPrEnqn5sdRoJOLXGbwc
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'vnd.instructure.Course.uuid', [],
                       -> { @context.uuid },
                       COURSE_GUARD

    # returns the current course name.
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   Course Name
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Canvas.course.name', [],
                       -> { @context.name },
                       COURSE_GUARD

    # returns the current course sis source id.
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   1234
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Canvas.course.sisSourceId', [],
                       -> { @context.sis_source_id },
                       COURSE_GUARD

    # returns the current course start date.
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   YYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS -0700
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Canvas.course.startAt', [],
                       -> { @context.start_at },
                       COURSE_GUARD

    # returns the current course workflow state. Workflow states of "claimed" or "created"
    # indicate an unpublished course.
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   active
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Canvas.course.workflowState', [],
                       -> { @context.workflow_state },
                       COURSE_GUARD

    # returns the current course's term start date.
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   YYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS -0700
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Canvas.term.startAt', [],
                       -> { @context.enrollment_term.start_at },
                       TERM_START_DATE_GUARD

    # returns the current course's term name.
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   W1 2017
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Canvas.term.name', [],
                        -> { @context.enrollment_term.name },
                        TERM_NAME_GUARD,
                        default_name: 'canvas_term_name'

    # returns the current course sis source id
    # to return the section source id use Canvas.course.sectionIds
    # @launch_parameter lis_course_section_sourcedid
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   1234
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'CourseSection.sourcedId', [],
                       -> { @context.sis_source_id },
                       COURSE_GUARD,
                       default_name: 'lis_course_section_sourcedid'

    # returns the current course enrollment state
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   active
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Canvas.enrollment.enrollmentState', [],
                       -> { lti_helper.enrollment_state },
                       COURSE_GUARD

    # returns true if the assignment has anonymous grading
    # enabled.
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   true
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'com.instructure.Assignment.anonymous_grading', [],
                       -> { @assignment.anonymous_grading },
                       ASSIGNMENT_GUARD,
                       default_name: 'com_instructure_assignment_anonymous_grading'

    # returns the current course membership roles
    # using the LIS v2 vocabulary.
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   http://purl.imsglobal.org/vocab/lis/v2/institution/person#Student
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'com.Instructure.membership.roles', [],
                       -> { lti_helper.current_canvas_roles_lis_v2 },
                       ROLES_GUARD,
                       default_name: 'com_instructure_membership_roles'

    # returns the current course membership roles
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   StudentEnrollment
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Canvas.membership.roles', [],
                       -> { lti_helper.current_canvas_roles },
                       ROLES_GUARD,
                       default_name: 'canvas_membership_roles'

    # This is a list of IMS LIS roles should have a different key
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   urn:lti:sysrole:ims/lis/None
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Canvas.membership.concludedRoles', [],
                       -> { lti_helper.concluded_lis_roles },
                       COURSE_GUARD

    # With respect to the current course, returns the context ids of the courses from which content has been copied (excludes cartridge imports).
    #
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   1234,4567
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Canvas.course.previousContextIds', [],
                       -> { lti_helper.previous_lti_context_ids },
                       COURSE_GUARD

    # With respect to the current course, recursively returns the context ids of the courses from which content has been copied (excludes cartridge imports).
    #
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   1234,4567
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Canvas.course.previousContextIds.recursive', [],
                       -> { lti_helper.recursively_fetch_previous_lti_context_ids },
                       COURSE_GUARD

    # With respect to the current course, returns the course ids of the courses from which content has been copied (excludes cartridge imports).
    #
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   1234
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Canvas.course.previousCourseIds', [],
                       -> { lti_helper.previous_course_ids },
                       COURSE_GUARD

    # Returns the full name of the launching user.
    # @launch_parameter lis_person_name_full
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   John Doe
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Person.name.full', [],
                       -> { @current_user.name },
                       USER_GUARD,
                       default_name: 'lis_person_name_full'

    # Returns the display name of the launching user.
    # @launch_parameter lis_person_name_full
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   John Doe
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Person.name.display', [],
                       -> { @current_user.short_name },
                       USER_GUARD,
                       default_name: 'person_name_display'

    # Returns the last name of the launching user.
    # @launch_parameter lis_person_name_family
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   Doe
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Person.name.family', [],
                       -> { @current_user.last_name },
                       USER_GUARD,
                       default_name: 'lis_person_name_family'

    # Returns the first name of the launching user.
    # @launch_parameter lis_person_name_given
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   John
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Person.name.given', [],
                       -> { @current_user.first_name },
                       USER_GUARD,
                       default_name: 'lis_person_name_given'

    # Returns the sortable name of the launching user.
    # @launch_parameter com_instructure_person_name_sortable
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   Doe, John
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'com.instructure.Person.name_sortable', [],
                       -> { @current_user.sortable_name },
                       USER_GUARD,
                       default_name: 'com_instructure_person_name_sortable'

    # Returns the primary email of the launching user.
    # @launch_parameter lis_person_contact_email_primary
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   john.doe@example.com
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Person.email.primary', [],
                       -> { lti_helper.email },
                       USER_GUARD,
                       default_name: 'lis_person_contact_email_primary'


    # Returns the institution assigned email of the launching user.
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   john.doe@example.com
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'vnd.Canvas.Person.email.sis', [],
                       -> {lti_helper.sis_email}, SIS_USER_GUARD

    # Returns the name of the timezone of the launching user.
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   America/Denver
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Person.address.timezone', [],
                       -> { Time.zone.tzinfo.name },
                       USER_GUARD

    # Returns the profile picture URL of the launching user.
    # @launch_parameter user_image
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   https://example.com/picture.jpg
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'User.image', [],
                       -> { @current_user.avatar_url },
                       USER_GUARD,
                       default_name: 'user_image'

    # Returns the Canvas user_id of the launching user.
    # @duplicates Canvas.user.id
    # @launch_parameter user_id
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   420000000000042
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'User.id', [],
                       -> { @current_user.id },
                       USER_GUARD,
                       default_name: 'user_id'

    # Returns the Canvas user_id of the launching user.
    # @duplicates User.id
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   420000000000042
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Canvas.user.id', [],
                       -> { @current_user.id },
                       USER_GUARD

    # Returns the Canvas user_uuid of the launching user.
    # @duplicates User.uuid
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   N2ST123dQ9zyhurykTkBfXFa3Vn1RVyaw9Os6vu3
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'vnd.instructure.User.uuid', [],
                       -> { @current_user.uuid },
                       USER_GUARD

    # Returns the users preference for high contrast colors (an accessibility feature).
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   false
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Canvas.user.prefersHighContrast', [],
                       -> { @current_user.prefers_high_contrast? ? 'true' : 'false' },
                       USER_GUARD

    # returns the Canvas ids of all active groups in the current course.
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   23,24,...
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'com.instructure.Course.groupIds', [],
                       -> { @context.groups.active.pluck(:id).join(',') },
                       COURSE_GUARD,
                       default_name: 'com_instructure_course_groupids'


    # returns the context ids for the groups the user belongs to in the course.
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   1c16f0de65a080803785ecb3097da99872616f0d,d4d8d6ae1611e2c7581ce1b2f5c58019d928b79d,...
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Canvas.group.contextIds', [],
                       -> { @current_user.groups.active.where(context_type: 'Course', context_id: @context.id).map do |g|
                              Lti::Asset.opaque_identifier_for(g)
                            end.join(',') },
                       -> { @current_user && @context.is_a?(Course) }

    # Returns the [IMS LTI membership service](https://www.imsglobal.org/specs/ltimemv1p0/specification-3) roles for filtering via query parameters.
    # @launch_parameter roles
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   http://purl.imsglobal.org/vocab/lis/v2/institution/person#Administrator
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Membership.role', [],
                       -> { lti_helper.all_roles('lis2') },
                       USER_GUARD,
                       default_name: 'roles'

    # Returns list of [LIS role full URNs](https://www.imsglobal.org/specs/ltiv1p0/implementation-guide#toc-16).
    # Note that this will include all roles the user has.
    # There are 3 different levels of roles defined: Context, Institution, System.
    # Context role urns start with "urn:lti:ims" and include roles for the context where the launch occurred.
    # Institution role urns start with "urn:lti:instrole" and include roles the user has in the institution. This
    # will include roles they have in other courses or at the account level. Note that there is not a TA role at the
    # Institution level. Instead Users with a TA enrollment will have an institution role of Instructor.
    # System role urns start with "urn:lti:sysrole" and include roles for the entire system.
    # @duplicates ext_roles which is sent by default
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   urn:lti:instrole:ims/lis/Administrator,urn:lti:instrole:ims/lis/Instructor,urn:lti:sysrole:ims/lis/SysAdmin,urn:lti:sysrole:ims/lis/User
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Canvas.xuser.allRoles', [],
                       -> { lti_helper.all_roles }

    # Returns the Canvas global user_id of the launching user.
    # @duplicates Canvas.root_account.global_id
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   420000000000042
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Canvas.user.globalId', [],
                       -> { @current_user.global_id},
                       USER_GUARD

    # Returns true for root account admins and false for all other roles.
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   true
    #   ```
   register_expansion 'Canvas.user.isRootAccountAdmin', [],
                      -> { @current_user.roles(@root_account).include? 'root_admin' },
                      USER_GUARD

    # Username/Login ID for the primary pseudonym for the user for the account.
    # This may not be the pseudonym the user is actually logged in with.
    # @duplicates Canvas.user.loginId
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   jdoe
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'User.username', [],
                       -> { sis_pseudonym.unique_id },
                       PSEUDONYM_GUARD

    # Username/Login ID for the primary pseudonym for the user for the account.
    # This may not be the pseudonym the user is actually logged in with.
    # @duplicates User.username
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   jdoe
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Canvas.user.loginId', [],
                       -> { sis_pseudonym.unique_id },
                       PSEUDONYM_GUARD

    # Returns the sis source id for the primary pseudonym for the user for the account
    # This may not be the pseudonym the user is actually logged in with.
    # @duplicates Person.sourcedId
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   sis_user_42
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Canvas.user.sisSourceId', [],
                       -> { sis_pseudonym.sis_user_id },
                       PSEUDONYM_GUARD

    # Returns the integration id for the primary pseudonym for the user for the account
    # This may not be the pseudonym the user is actually logged in with.
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   integration_user_42
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Canvas.user.sisIntegrationId', [],
                       -> { sis_pseudonym.integration_id },
                       PSEUDONYM_GUARD

    # Returns the sis source id for the primary pseudonym for the user for the account
    # This may not be the pseudonym the user is actually logged in with.
    # @duplicates Canvas.user.sisSourceId
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   sis_user_42
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Person.sourcedId', [],
                       -> { sis_pseudonym.sis_user_id },
                       PSEUDONYM_GUARD,
                       default_name: 'lis_person_sourcedid'

    # Returns the logout service url for the user.
    # This is the pseudonym the user is actually logged in as.
    # It may not hold all the sis info needed in other launch substitutions.
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   https://<domain>.instructure.com/api/lti/v1/logout_service/<external_tool_id>-<user_id>-<current_unix_timestamp>-<opaque_string>
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Canvas.logoutService.url', [],
                       -> { @controller.lti_logout_service_url(Lti::LogoutService.create_token(@tool, @current_pseudonym)) },
                       CONTROLLER_GUARD,
                       -> { @current_pseudonym && @tool }

    # Returns the Canvas user_id for the masquerading user.
    # This is the pseudonym the user is actually logged in as.
    # It may not hold all the sis info needed in other launch substitutions.
    #
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   420000000000042
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Canvas.masqueradingUser.id', [],
                       -> { @controller.logged_in_user.id },
                       MASQUERADING_GUARD

    # Returns the 40 character opaque user_id for masquerading user.
    # This is the pseudonym the user is actually logged in as.
    # It may not hold all the sis info needed in other launch substitutions.
    #
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   da12345678cb37ba1e522fc7c5ef086b7704eff9
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Canvas.masqueradingUser.userId', [],
                       -> { @tool.opaque_identifier_for(@controller.logged_in_user) },
                       MASQUERADING_GUARD

    # Returns the xapi url for the user.
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   https://<domain>.instructure.com/api/lti/v1/xapi/<external_tool_id>-<user_id>-<course_id>-<current_unix_timestamp>-<opaque_id>
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Canvas.xapi.url', [],
                       -> { @controller.lti_xapi_url(Lti::AnalyticsService.create_token(@tool, @current_user, @context)) },
                       -> { @current_user && @context.is_a?(Course) && @tool }

    # Returns the caliper url for the user.
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   https://<domain>.instructure.com/api/lti/v1/caliper/<external_tool_id>-<user_id>-<course_id>-<current_unix_timestamp>-<opaque_id>
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Caliper.url', [],
                       -> { @controller.lti_caliper_url(Lti::AnalyticsService.create_token(@tool, @current_user, @context)) },
                       CONTROLLER_GUARD,
                       -> { @current_user && @context.is_a?(Course) && @tool }

    # Returns a comma separated list of section_id's that the user is enrolled in.
    #
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   42, 43
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Canvas.course.sectionIds', [],
                       -> { lti_helper.section_ids },
                       ENROLLMENT_GUARD

    # Returns a comma separated list of section sis_id's that the user is enrolled in.
    #
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   section_sis_id_1, section_sis_id_2
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Canvas.course.sectionSisSourceIds', [],
                       -> { lti_helper.section_sis_ids },
                       ENROLLMENT_GUARD

    # Returns the course code
    #
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   CS 124
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'com.instructure.contextLabel', [],
                       -> { @context.course_code },
                       COURSE_GUARD,
                       default_name: 'context_label'

    # Returns the module_id that the module item was launched from.
    #
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   1234
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Canvas.module.id', [],
                       -> {
                         @content_tag.context_module_id
                       },
                       CONTENT_TAG_GUARD

    # Returns the module_item_id of the module item that was launched.
    #
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   1234
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Canvas.moduleItem.id', [],
                       -> {
                         @content_tag.id
                       },
                       CONTENT_TAG_GUARD

    # Returns the assignment_id of the assignment that was launched.
    #
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   1234
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Canvas.assignment.id', [],
                       -> { @assignment.id },
                       ASSIGNMENT_GUARD

    # Returns the Canvas id of the group the current user is in if launching
    # from a group assignment.
    #
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   481
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'com.instructure.Group.id', [],
                       -> { @assignment.group_category && (@assignment.group_category.groups & @current_user.groups).first&.id },
                       USER_GUARD,
                       ASSIGNMENT_GUARD,
                       default_name: 'vnd_canvas_group_id'

    # Returns the name of the group the current user is in if launching
    # from a group assignment.
    #
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   Group One
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'com.instructure.Group.name', [],
                       -> { @assignment.group_category && (@assignment.group_category.groups & @current_user.groups).first&.name },
                       USER_GUARD,
                       ASSIGNMENT_GUARD,
                       default_name: 'vnd_canvas_group_name'

    # Returns the title of the assignment that was launched.
    #
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   Deep thought experiment
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Canvas.assignment.title', [],
                       -> { @assignment.title },
                       ASSIGNMENT_GUARD

    # Returns the points possible of the assignment that was launched.
    #
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   100
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Canvas.assignment.pointsPossible', [],
                       -> { TextHelper.round_if_whole(@assignment.points_possible) },
                       ASSIGNMENT_GUARD

    # @deprecated in favor of ISO8601
    register_expansion 'Canvas.assignment.unlockAt', [],
                       -> { @assignment.unlock_at },
                       ASSIGNMENT_GUARD

    # @deprecated in favor of ISO8601
    register_expansion 'Canvas.assignment.lockAt', [],
                       -> { @assignment.lock_at },
                       ASSIGNMENT_GUARD

    # @deprecated in favor of ISO8601
    register_expansion 'Canvas.assignment.dueAt', [],
                       -> { @assignment.due_at },
                       ASSIGNMENT_GUARD

    # Returns the `unlock_at` date of the assignment that was launched.
    # Only available when launched as an assignment with an `unlock_at` set.
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   YYYY-MM-DDT07:00:00Z
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Canvas.assignment.unlockAt.iso8601', [],
                       -> { @assignment.unlock_at.utc.iso8601 },
                       -> {@assignment && @assignment.unlock_at.present?}

    # Returns the `lock_at` date of the assignment that was launched.
    # Only available when launched as an assignment with a `lock_at` set.
    #
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   YYYY-MM-DDT07:00:00Z
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Canvas.assignment.lockAt.iso8601', [],
                       -> { @assignment.lock_at.utc.iso8601 },
                       -> {@assignment && @assignment.lock_at.present?}

    # Returns the `due_at` date of the assignment that was launched.
    # Only available when launched as an assignment with a `due_at` set.
    #
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   YYYY-MM-DDT07:00:00Z
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Canvas.assignment.dueAt.iso8601', [],
                       -> { @assignment.due_at.utc.iso8601 },
                       -> {@assignment && @assignment.due_at.present?}

    # Returns true if the assignment that was launched is published.
    # Only available when launched as an assignment.
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   true
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'Canvas.assignment.published', [],
                       -> { @assignment.workflow_state == 'published' },
                       ASSIGNMENT_GUARD

    # Returns the endpoint url for accessing link-level tool settings
    # Only available for LTI 2.0
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   https://<domain>.instructure.com/api/lti/tool_settings/<link_id>
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'LtiLink.custom.url', [],
                       -> { @controller.show_lti_tool_settings_url(@tool_setting_link_id) },
                       CONTROLLER_GUARD,
                       -> { @tool_setting_link_id }

    # Returns the endpoint url for accessing context-level tool settings
    # Only available for LTI 2.0
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   https://<domain>.instructure.com/api/lti/tool_settings/<binding_id>
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'ToolProxyBinding.custom.url', [],
                       -> { @controller.show_lti_tool_settings_url(@tool_setting_binding_id) },
                       CONTROLLER_GUARD,
                       -> { @tool_setting_binding_id }

    # Returns the endpoint url for accessing system-wide tool settings
    # Only available for LTI 2.0
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   https://<domain>.instructure.com/api/lti/tool_settings/<proxy_id>
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'ToolProxy.custom.url', [],
                       -> { @controller.show_lti_tool_settings_url(@tool_setting_proxy_id) },
                       -> { !!@controller && @tool_setting_proxy_id }

    # Returns the [Tool Consumer Profile](https://www.imsglobal.org/specs/ltiv2p0/implementation-guide#toc-46) url for the tool.
    # Only available for LTI 2.0
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   https://<domain>.instructure.com/api/lti/courses/<course_id>/tool_consumer_profile/<opaque_id>
    #   https://<domain>.instructure.com/api/lti/accounts/<account_id>/tool_consumer_profile/<opaque_id>
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'ToolConsumerProfile.url', [],
                       -> { @controller.polymorphic_url([@tool.context, :tool_consumer_profile])},
                       CONTROLLER_GUARD,
                       -> { @tool && @tool.is_a?(Lti::ToolProxy) }

    # The originality report LTI2 service endpoint
    # @launch_parameter vnd_canvas_originality_report_url
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   api/lti/assignments/{assignment_id}/submissions/{submission_id}/originality_report
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'vnd.Canvas.OriginalityReport.url', [],
                        -> do
                          OriginalityReportsApiController::SERVICE_DEFINITIONS.find do |s|
                            s[:id] == 'vnd.Canvas.OriginalityReport'
                          end[:endpoint]
                        end,
                        default_name: 'vnd_canvas_originality_report_url'

    # The submission LTI2 service endpoint
    # @launch_parameter vnd_canvas_submission_url
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   api/lti/assignments/{assignment_id}/submissions/{submission_id}
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'vnd.Canvas.submission.url', [],
                        -> do
                          Lti::SubmissionsApiController::SERVICE_DEFINITIONS.find do |s|
                            s[:id] == 'vnd.Canvas.submission'
                          end[:endpoint]
                        end,
                        default_name: 'vnd_canvas_submission_url'

    # The submission history LTI2 service endpoint
    # @launch_parameter vnd_canvas_submission_history_url
    # @example
    #   ```
    #   api/lti/assignments/{assignment_id}/submissions/{submission_id}/history
    #   ```
    register_expansion 'vnd.Canvas.submission.history.url', [],
                        -> do
                          Lti::SubmissionsApiController::SERVICE_DEFINITIONS.find do |s|
                            s[:id] == 'vnd.Canvas.submission.history'
                          end[:endpoint]
                        end,
                        default_name: 'vnd_canvas_submission_history_url'

    register_expansion 'Canvas.file.media.id', [],
                       -> { (@attachment.media_object && @attachment.media_object.media_id) || @attachment.media_entry_id },
                       MEDIA_OBJECT_ID_GUARD

    register_expansion 'Canvas.file.media.type', [],
                       -> {@attachment.media_object.media_type},
                       MEDIA_OBJECT_GUARD

    register_expansion 'Canvas.file.media.duration', [],
                       -> {@attachment.media_object.duration},
                       MEDIA_OBJECT_GUARD

    register_expansion 'Canvas.file.media.size', [],
                       -> {@attachment.media_object.total_size},
                       MEDIA_OBJECT_GUARD

    register_expansion 'Canvas.file.media.title', [],
                       -> {@attachment.media_object.user_entered_title || @attachment.media_object.title},
                       MEDIA_OBJECT_GUARD

    register_expansion 'Canvas.file.usageRights.name', [],
                       -> {@attachment.usage_rights.license_name},
                       USAGE_RIGHTS_GUARD

    register_expansion 'Canvas.file.usageRights.url', [],
                       -> {@attachment.usage_rights.license_url},
                       USAGE_RIGHTS_GUARD

    register_expansion 'Canvas.file.usageRights.copyrightText', [],
                       -> {@attachment.usage_rights.legal_copyright},
                       USAGE_RIGHTS_GUARD

    private

    def sis_pseudonym
      @sis_pseudonym ||= SisPseudonym.for(@current_user, @root_account, type: :trusted, require_sis: false) if @current_user
    end

    def expand_substring_variables(value)
      value.to_s.scan(SUBSTRING_REGEX).inject(value) do |v, match|
        substring = "${#{match}}"
        v.gsub(substring, (self[match] || substring).to_s)
      end
    end
  end
end