617 lines
26 KiB
Markdown
617 lines
26 KiB
Markdown
# Qiskit docs
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The documentation content home for https://docs.quantum.ibm.com (excluding API reference).
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# Improving IBM Quantum & Qiskit Documentation
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Maintaining up-to-date documentation is a huge challenge for any software project, especially in a field like quantum computing where the pace at which advances in new research and technological capabilities happen incredibly fast. As a result, we greatly appreciate any who take the time to support us in keeping this content accurate and up to the highest quality standard possible to benefit the broadest range of users.
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Read on for more information about how to support this project:
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## Best ways to contribute to Documentation
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### 1. Report bugs, inaccuracies or general content issues
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This is the quickest, easiest, and most helpful way to contribute to this project and improve the quality of Qiskit® and IBM Quantum™ documentation. There are a few different ways to report issues, depending on where it was found:
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- For problems you've found in the [Qiskit API Reference](https://docs.quantum.ibm.com/api/qiskit) section, open an issue in the Qiskit repo [here](https://github.com/Qiskit/qiskit/issues/new/choose).
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- For problems you've found in the [Qiskit Runtime IBM Client](https://docs.quantum.ibm.com/api/qiskit-ibm-runtime) section, open an issue in the Qiskit IBM Runtime repo [here](https://github.com/Qiskit/qiskit-ibm-runtime/issues/new/choose).
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- For problems you've found in any other section of [docs](https://docs.quantum.ibm.com), open a content bug issue [here](https://github.com/Qiskit/documentation/issues/new/choose).
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### 2. Suggest new content
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If you think there are gaps in our documentation, or sections that could be expanded upon, we invite you to open a new content request issue [here](https://github.com/Qiskit/documentation/issues/new/choose).
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Not every new content suggestion is a good fit for docs, nor are we able to prioritize every request immediately. However, we will do our best to respond to content requests in a timely manner, and we greatly appreciate our community's efforts in generating new ideas.
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If you are interested in writing the new content yourself, or already have some draft work you think could be integrated, please also mention that in the issue description. If your content suggestion is accepted, we will let you know and work with you to get the content written and reviewed.
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Please note: we DO NOT accept unsolicited PRs for new pages or large updates to existing content. The content that we include in docs is carefully planned and curated by our content team and must go through the appropriate review process to ensure the quality is of the highest possible standard before deploying to production. As a result we are very selective with which content suggestions are approved, and it is unlikely that PRs submitted without an associated approved content request will be accepted.
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### 3. Validate existing issues
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You can help the team prioritize already-open issues by doing the following:
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- For bug reports, leave a comment in the issue if you have also been experiencing the same problem and can reproduce it (include as much information as you can, e.g., browser type, Qiskit version, etc.).
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- For new content requests, leave a comment or upvote (👍) in the issue if you also would like to see that new content added.
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### 4. Fix an open issue
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You can look through the open issues we have in this repo and address them with a PR. We recommend focusing on issues with the "good first issue" label.
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Before getting started on an issue, remember to do the following:
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1. Read the [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/Qiskit/documentation/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md)
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2. Check for open, unassigned issues with the "good first issue" label
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3. Select an issue that is not already assigned to someone and leave a comment to request to be assigned
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Once you have an issue to work on, see the "How to work with this repo" section below to get going, then open a PR.
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Before opening a PR, remember to do the following:
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1. Check that you have addressed all the requirements from the original issue
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2. Run the spell checker
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3. Use the GitHub "fixes" notation to [link your PR to the issue](https://docs.github.com/en/issues/tracking-your-work-with-issues/linking-a-pull-request-to-an-issue) you are addressing
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# How to work with this repo
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## Prerequisites to building the docs locally
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These tools will also run in CI, but it can be convenient when iterating to run the tools locally.
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First, install the below software:
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1. [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/en). If you expect to use JavaScript in other projects, consider using [NVM](https://github.com/nvm-sh/nvm). Otherwise, consider using [Homebrew](https://formulae.brew.sh/formula/node) or installing [Node.js directly](https://nodejs.org/en).
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2. [Docker](https://www.docker.com). You must also ensure that it is running.
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- You can use [Colima](https://github.com/abiosoft/colima) or [Rancher Desktop](https://rancherdesktop.io). When installing Rancher Desktop, choose Moby/Dockerd as the engine, rather than nerdctl. To ensure it's running, open up the app "Rancher Desktop".
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Then, install the dependencies with:
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```bash
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npm install
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```
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## Preview the docs locally
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Run `./start` in your terminal, then open http://localhost:3000/start in your browser.
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The local preview does not include the initial index page and the top nav bar from docs.quantum.ibm.com. Therefore, you must directly navigate in the URL to the folder that you want:
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- http://localhost:3000/build
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- http://localhost:3000/start
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- http://localhost:3000/run
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- http://localhost:3000/transpile
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- http://localhost:3000/verify
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- http://localhost:3000/api/qiskit
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- http://localhost:3000/api/qiskit-ibm-runtime
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- http://localhost:3000/api/qiskit-ibm-provider
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- http://localhost:3000/api/migration-guides
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For historical API versions, use URLs like http://localhost:3000/api/qiskit/0.44, i.e. put the desired version after the
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API name.
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For translations, put the language code in front of the URL, like http://localhost:3000/es/start or http://localhost:3000/fr/start. You can find the language codes by looking in the `translations/` folder.
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Warning: `./start` does not check if there is a new version of the docs application available. Run `docker pull qiskit/documentation` to update to the latest version of the app.
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## Preview the docs in PRs
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Contributors with write access to this repository can use live previews of the docs: GitHub will deploy a website using your changes.
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To use live previews, push your branch to `upstream` rather than your fork. GitHub will leave a comment with the link to the site. Please prefix your branch name with your initials, e.g. `EA/fix-build-typo`, for good Git hygiene.
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The preview application's UI is currently out-of-date so it does not properly show certain navigation like historical API versions. Refer to [Preview the docs locally](#preview-the-docs-locally) for instructions on how to explicitly visit pages.
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## Staging
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We also re-deploy the docs every time we merge into `main` at the site https://qiskit-docs-preview-staging.1799mxdls7qz.us-south.codeengine.appdomain.cloud.
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This staging environment can be useful to see how the docs are rendering before we push it live to production.
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The staging application's UI is currently out-of-date so it does not properly show certain navigation like historical API versions. Refer to [Preview the docs locally](#preview-the-docs-locally) for instructions on how to explicitly visit pages.
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## Execute notebooks
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To execute notebooks in a fixed Python environment, first install `tox` using
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[pipx](https://pipx.pypa.io/stable/):
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```sh
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pipx install tox
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```
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- To execute all notebooks, run tox.
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```sh
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tox
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```
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- To only execute specific notebooks, pass them as arguments.
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```sh
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tox -- path/to/notebook.ipynb path/to/another-notbook.ipynb
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```
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- To write the execution results to the file, pass the `--write` argument.
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```sh
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tox -- optional/paths/to/notebooks.ipynb --write
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```
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> [!NOTE]
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> If your notebook submits hardware jobs to IBM Quantum, you must add it to the
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> ignore list in `scripts/nb-tester/test-notebooks.py`. This is not needed if
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> you only retrieve information.
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>
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> If your notebook uses the latex circuit drawer (`qc.draw("latex")`), you must
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> add it to the "Check for notebooks that require LaTeX" step in
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> `.github/workflows/notebook-test.yml`.
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When you make a pull request with a changed notebook, you can get a version of
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that notebook that was executed in a uniform environment from CI. To do this,
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click "Show all checks" in the info box at the bottom of the pull request page
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on GitHub, then choose "Details" for the "Test notebooks" job. From the job
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page, click "Summary", then download "Executed notebooks".
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## Lint notebooks
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We use [`squeaky`](https://github.com/frankharkins/squeaky) to lint our
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notebooks. First install `tox` using [pipx](https://pipx.pypa.io/stable/).
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```sh
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pipx install tox
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```
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To check if a notebook needs linting:
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```sh
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# Check all notebooks in ./docs
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tox -e lint -- docs/**/*.ipynb
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```
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To fix problems in a notebooks, run:
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```sh
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tox -e fix -- path/to/notebook
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```
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Or, you can retrieve an executed and linted version of your notebook from CI
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following the steps at the end of the [Execute notebook](#execute-notebooks)
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section.
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If you use the Jupyter notebook editor, consider adding squeaky as a [pre-save
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hook](https://github.com/frankharkins/squeaky?tab=readme-ov-file#jupyter-pre-save-hook).
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This will lint your notebooks as you save them, so you never need to worry
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about it.
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## Check for broken links
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We have two broken link checkers: for internal links and for external links.
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To check internal links:
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```bash
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# Only check non-API docs
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npm run check:internal-links
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# You can add any of the below arguments to also check API docs.
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npm run check:internal-links -- --current-apis --dev-apis --historical-apis --qiskit-release-notes
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# However, `--historical-apis` currently has failing versions, so you may
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# want to add `--skip-broken-historical`.
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npm run check:internal-links -- --historical-apis --skip-broken-historical
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# Or, run all the checks. Although this only checks non-API docs.
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npm run check
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```
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To check external links:
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```bash
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# Specify the files you want after `--`
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npm run check:external-links -- docs/run/index.md docs/run/circuit-execution.mdx
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# You can also use globs
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npm run check:external-links -- 'docs/run/*' '!docs/run/index.mdx'
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```
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## Check file metadata
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Every file needs to have a `title` and `description`. The `lint` job in CI will fail with instructions for any bad file.
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You can also check for valid metadata locally:
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```bash
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# Only check file metadata
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npm run check:metadata
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# By default, only the non-API docs are checked. You can add any of the
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# below arguments to also check API docs and/or translations.
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npm run check:metadata -- --translations --apis
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# Or, run all the checks. Although this only checks non-API docs.
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npm run check
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```
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## Spellcheck
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We use [cSpell](https://cspell.org) to check for spelling. The `lint` job in CI will fail if there are spelling issues.
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There are two ways to check spelling locally, rather than needing CI.
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1.
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```bash
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# Only check spelling
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npm run check:spelling
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# Or, run all the checks
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npm run check
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```
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2. Use the VSCode extension [Code Spell Checker](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=streetsidesoftware.code-spell-checker).
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### Fixing false positives
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There are two ways to deal with cSpell incorrectly complaining about a word, such as abbreviations.
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1. Ignore the word in the local markdown file by adding a comment to the file, like below. The word is not case-sensitive, and the comment can be placed anywhere.
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```
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{/* cspell:ignore hellllooooo, ayyyyy */}
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# Hellllooooo!
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Ayyyyy, this is a fake description.
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```
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2. If the word is a name, add it to the `cspell/dictionaries/people.txt` file. If it is a scientific or quantum specific word, add it to the `cspell/dictionaries/qiskit.txt` file. If it doesn't fit in either category, add it to the `words` section in `cspell/cSpell.json`. The word is not case-sensitive.
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If the word appears in multiple files, prefer the second approach to add it to one of the dictionaries or `cSpell.json`.
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## Check that pages render
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It's possible to write broken pages that crash when loaded. This is usually due to syntax errors.
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To check that all the non-API docs render:
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1. Start up the local preview with `./start` by following the instructions at [Preview the docs locally](#preview-the-docs-locally)
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2. In a new tab, `npm run check:pages-render -- --non-api`
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You can also check that API docs and translations render by using any of these arguments: `npm run check:pages-render -- --non-api --qiskit-release-notes --current-apis --dev-apis --historical-apis --translations`. Warning that this is exponentially slower.
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CI will check on every PR that any changed files render correctly. We also run a weekly cron job to check that every page renders correctly.
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## Format TypeScript files
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If you're working on our support code in `scripts/`, run `npm run fmt` to automatically format the files.
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To check that formatting is valid without actually making changes, run `npm run check:fmt` or `npm run check`.
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## Regenerate an existing API docs version
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This is useful when we make improvements to the API generation script.
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You can regenerate all API docs versions following these steps:
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1. Create a dedicated branch for the regeneration other than `main` using `git checkout -b <branch-name>`.
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2. Ensure there are no pending changes by running `git status` and creating a new commit for them if necessary.
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3. Run `npm run regen-apis` to regenerate all API docs versions for `qiskit`, `qiskit-ibm-provider`, and `qiskit-ibm-runtime`.
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Each regenerated version will be saved as a distinct commit. If the changes are too large for one single PR, consider splitting it up into multiple PRs by using `git cherry-pick` or `git rebase -i` so each PR only has the commits it wants to target.
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If you only want to regenerate the latest stable minor release of each package, then add `--current-apis-only` as an argument, and in case you only want to regenerate versions of one package, then you can use the `-p <pkg-name>` argument.
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Alternatively, you can also regenerate one specific version:
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1. Choose which documentation you want to generate (`qiskit`, `qiskit-ibm-provider`, or `qiskit-ibm-runtime`) and its version.
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2. Run `npm run gen-api -- -p <pkg-name> -v <version>`,
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e.g. `npm run gen-api -- -p qiskit -v 0.45.0`
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If the version is not for the latest stable minor release series, then add `--historical` to the arguments. For example, use `--historical` if the latest stable release is 0.45.\* but you're generating docs for the patch release 0.44.3.
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Additionally, If you are regenerating a dev version, then you can add `--dev` as an argument and the documentation will be built at `/docs/api/<pkg-name>/dev`. For dev versions, end the `--version` in `-dev`, e.g. `-v 1.0.0-dev`. If a release candidate has already been released, use `-v 1.0.0rc1`, for example.
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In this case, no commit will be automatically created.
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## Generate new API docs
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This is useful when new docs content is published, usually corresponding to new releases or hotfixes for content issues. If you're generating a patch release, also see the below subsection for additional steps.
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1. Choose which documentation you want to generate (`qiskit`, `qiskit-ibm-provider`, or `qiskit-ibm-runtime`) and its version.
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2. Determine the full version, such as by looking at https://github.com/Qiskit/qiskit/releases
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3. Download a CI artifact with the project's documentation. To find this:
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1. Pull up the CI runs for the stable commit that you want to build docs from. This should not be from a Pull Request
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2. Open up the "Details" for the relevant workflow.
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- Qiskit: "Documentation / Build (push)"
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- Runtime: "CI / Build documentation (push)"
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- Provider: "CI / Build documentation (push)"
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3. Click the "Summary" page at the top of the left navbar.
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4. Scroll down to "Artifacts" and look for the artifact related to documentation, such as `html_docs`.
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5. Download the artifact by clicking on its name.
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4. Rename the downloaded zip file with its version number, e.g. `0.45.zip` for an artifact from `qiskit v0.45.2`.
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5. Upload the renamed zip file to https://ibm.ent.box.com/folder/246867452622
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6. Share the file by clicking the `Copy shared link` button
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7. Select `People with the link` and go to `Link Settings`.
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8. Under `Link Expiration` select `Disable Shared Link on` and set an expiration date of ~10 years into the future.
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9. Copy the direct link at the end of the `Shared Link Settings` tab.
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10. Modify the `scripts/api-html-artifacts.json` file adding the new versions with the direct link from step 9.
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11. Run `npm run gen-api -- -p <pkg-name> -v <version>`,
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e.g. `npm run gen-api -- -p qiskit -v 0.45.0`
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If you are regenerating a dev version, then you can add `--dev` as an argument and the documentation will be built at `/docs/api/<pkg-name>/dev`. For dev versions, end the `--version` in `-dev`, e.g. `-v 1.0.0-dev`. If a release candidate has already been released, use `-v 1.0.0rc1`, for example.
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In case you want to save the current version and convert it into a historical one, you can run `npm run make-historical -- -p <pkg-name>` beforehand.
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### Generate patch releases
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For example, if the current docs are for 0.45.2 but you want to generate 0.45.3.
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Follow the same process above for new API docs, other than:
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- When uploading the artifact, overwrite the existing file with the new one. Be careful to follow the above steps to change "Link Expiration"!
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If the version is not for the latest stable minor release series, then add `--historical` to the arguments. For example, use `--historical` if the latest stable release is 0.45.\* but you're generating docs for the patch release 0.44.3.
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# How to write the documentation
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We use [MDX](https://mdxjs.com), which is like normal markdown but adds extensions for custom components we have.
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Refer to the [Common Markdown syntax](https://commonmark.org/) for a primer on Markdown. The below guide focuses on the other features you can use when writing docs.
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## How to add a new page
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Choose which existing folder from `docs/` your new page belongs to.
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Next, choose the file name. The file name will determine the URL. For example, `start/my-new-page.mdx` results in the URL `start/my-new-page`. Choose a file name that will be stable over the page's lifespan and that is unlikely to clash with other topics. Use `-` rather than `_` as the delimiter. You can also ask for help choosing a name in the GitHub issue or pull request.
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If your file will have non-trivial code in it, please create a Jupyter notebook ending in `.ipynb`, rather than an MDX file. We prefer Jupyter notebooks when there is code because we have tests to make sure that the code still executes properly, whereas MDX is not tested.
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Once the file is created, you need to add metadata. Run `npm run check:metadata` for instructions on how to do this. (Refer to [Check file metadata](#check-file-metadata))
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Finally, add the file to the folder's `_toc.json`, such as `start/_toc.json`. The `title` is what will show up in the left side bar. Note that the `url` leaves off the file extension.
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## Images
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Images are stored in the `public/images` folder. You should use subfolders to organize the files. For example, images for `start/my-file.mdx` should be stored like `public/images/start/my-file/img1.png`.
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To use the image:
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```markdown
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```
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To add an inline images:
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```markdown
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Inline  image
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```
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To include a caption:
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```markdown
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```
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You can include a version of the image to be with the dark theme. You only need to create an image with the same name ending in `@dark`. So for example, if you have a `sampler.png` image, the dark version would be `sampler@dark.png`. This is important for images that have a white background.
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## Videos
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Videos are stored in the `public/videos` folder. You should use subfolders to organize the files. For example, images for `start/my-file.mdx` should be stored like `public/videos/start/my-file/video1.mp4`.
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To add a video:
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```markdown
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<video title="Write a description of the video here as 'alt text' for accessibility." className="max-w-auto h-auto" controls>
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<source src="/videos/run/sessions/demo.mp4" type="video/mp4"></source>
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</video>
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```
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## Math
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|
We use [LaTeX](https://www.latex-project.org) to write math, which gets rendered by the library [KaTeX](https://katex.org).
|
|
|
|
Inline math expressions should start with `$` and end with `$`, e.g. `$\frac{123}{2}$`.
|
|
|
|
Multi-line expressions should start with `$$` and end with `$$`:
|
|
|
|
```markdown
|
|
$$
|
|
L = \frac{123}{2} \rho v^2 S C_1s
|
|
$$
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Tables
|
|
|
|
Tables are supported: https://www.markdownguide.org/extended-syntax/.
|
|
|
|
## Comments
|
|
|
|
Example comment: {/_ Comes from https://qiskit.org/documentation/partners/qiskit_ibm_runtime/getting_started.html _/}
|
|
|
|
## Collapsible sections
|
|
|
|
For content that you don't want to show by default, use a collapsible section. The user will need to expand the section to read its contents. Refer to GitHub's guide on [`<details>` and `<summary>`](https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/writing-on-github/working-with-advanced-formatting/organizing-information-with-collapsed-sections).
|
|
|
|
## Footnotes
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
Footnote 1 link[^first].
|
|
|
|
Footnote 2 link[^second].
|
|
|
|
Duplicated footnote reference[^second].
|
|
|
|
[^first]: Footnote **can have markup**
|
|
|
|
and multiple paragraphs.
|
|
|
|
[^second]: Second footnote text.
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Custom components
|
|
|
|
These are components that we expose through MDX. You can use them in both
|
|
`.mdx` and `.ipynb` files. In Jupyter notebooks, use Markdown cells.
|
|
|
|
### Admonitions
|
|
|
|
To use an `Admonition`, use the following syntax
|
|
|
|
```mdx
|
|
<Admonition type="note">This is a __note__ example</Admonition>
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Available types are `note, tip, info, caution, danger`. This is what they look like:
|
|
|
|
|
|
By default, the title is the `type` capitalized. You can customize it by setting `title`:
|
|
|
|
```mdx
|
|
<Admonition type="note" title="Custom title">
|
|
This is a __note__ example
|
|
</Admonition>
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Definition Tooltip
|
|
|
|
To use a `DefinitionTooltip`, use the following syntax:
|
|
|
|
```mdx
|
|
<DefinitionTooltip definition="Definition for the Term">Term</DefinitionTooltip>
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
For full list of props, please check [here](https://react.carbondesignsystem.com/?path=/docs/components-definitiontooltip--playground#component-api).
|
|
|
|
### Composer
|
|
|
|
You can use this component to render a circuit as it will be displayed in the composer. It does not have any interaction.
|
|
|
|
```mdx
|
|
<Composer qasm={`
|
|
OPENQASM 2.0;
|
|
include "qelib1.inc";
|
|
|
|
qreg q[5];
|
|
creg c[5];
|
|
|
|
U(0, 0, pi / 2) q[0];
|
|
CX q[0], q[1];
|
|
u3(0, 0, pi /2) q[0];
|
|
u2(0, 0) q[0];
|
|
|
|
`}/>
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Tabs
|
|
|
|
To use a `Tabs` component, use the following syntax:
|
|
|
|
```mdx
|
|
<Tabs>
|
|
<TabItem value="pulses" label="Pulses">
|
|
This is the text for pulses
|
|
</TabItem>
|
|
|
|
<TabItem value="qasm" label="QASM">
|
|
This is the text for QASM
|
|
</TabItem>
|
|
</Tabs>
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
By default, the first tab is selected. You can change that by using the `defaultValue` prop.
|
|
|
|
```mdx
|
|
<Tabs defaultValue="qasm">
|
|
<TabItem value="pulses" label="Pulses">
|
|
This is the text for pulses
|
|
</TabItem>
|
|
|
|
<TabItem value="qasm" label="QASM">
|
|
This is the text for QASM
|
|
</TabItem>
|
|
</Tabs>
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
There are situations where you want to repeat the same tabs in several part of the page. In this situation, you can use the prop `group` to synchronize the selected tab in all usages.
|
|
|
|
```mdx
|
|
<Tabs group="my-group">
|
|
<TabItem value="pulses" label="Pulses">
|
|
This is the text for pulses
|
|
</TabItem>
|
|
|
|
<TabItem value="qasm" label="QASM">
|
|
This is the text for QASM
|
|
</TabItem>
|
|
</Tabs>
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
There is a specific use case where you want to show instructions for different operating systems. In this situation, you can replace the `Tabs` component by a `OperatingSystemTabs`. The default value of the tab will be selected based on the user's operating system.
|
|
|
|
```mdx
|
|
<OperatingSystemTabs>
|
|
<TabItem value="mac" label="macOS">
|
|
Open a terminal and write the command
|
|
</TabItem>
|
|
<TabItem value="linux" label="Linux">
|
|
Open a terminal and write the command
|
|
</TabItem>
|
|
<TabItem value="win" label="Windows">
|
|
Go to windows/run and write `cmd`. It will open a command line. Execute this
|
|
command
|
|
</TabItem>
|
|
</OperatingSystemTabs>
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### CircuitTabs
|
|
|
|
This component show tabs with the Composer and the OpenQASM code. It also shows an Open in Composer link at the bottom.
|
|
|
|
```mdx
|
|
<CircuitTabs name="Bell" qasm={`
|
|
OPENQASM 2.0;
|
|
include "qelib1.inc";
|
|
|
|
qreg q[2];
|
|
creg c[2];
|
|
|
|
reset q[0];
|
|
h q[0];
|
|
reset q[1];
|
|
cx q[0],q[1];
|
|
measure q[0] -> c[0];
|
|
measure q[1] -> c[1];
|
|
`}/>
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Operation
|
|
|
|
To display a qasm operation (like a not gate), you can use the `Operation` component:
|
|
|
|
```mdx
|
|
<Operation name="x" />
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Proper marking and attribution
|
|
|
|
**All information needs to identify, mark, and attribute IBM and applicable third-party trademarks.** We do this the first time an IBM trademark appears on each page. See the [Copyright and trademark information](https://www.ibm.com/legal/copyright-trademark) page for more details.
|
|
|
|
Some companies require a special attribution notice. View a list of the companies to include in a special attribution notice at the [Special attributions](https://www.ibm.com/legal/copyright-trademark#special) section of the IBM Legal site.
|
|
|
|
<details>
|
|
<summary>A (non-exhaustive) list of trademarked names found in our docs:</summary>
|
|
|
|
- IBM®
|
|
- IBM Cloud®
|
|
- IBM Quantum™
|
|
</details>
|
|
|
|
**Note**: Although Qiskit is a registered trademark of IBM, we do not mark it as such.
|
|
|
|
See the Usage section of the IBM Quantum Experience Guide for guidance on when to use IBM and when to use IBM Quantum.
|
|
|
|
### Trademark symbols
|
|
|
|
To create the symbols in markdown:
|
|
|
|
Use `®` to get ® for registered trademarks.
|
|
|
|
use `™` to get ™ for nonregistered trademarks.
|
|
|
|
⚠️ **Note**: Do not include trademarks in headings. The code will display rather than the symbol.
|