Don't allow `where` with invalid value matches to nil values

That is considered as silently leaking information.
If type casting doesn't return any actual value, it should not be
matched to any record.

Fixes #33624.
Closes #33946.

activemodel/lib/active_model/type/time.rb

@@ -13,10 +13,6 @@ module ActiveModel
         :time
       end
 
-      def serialize(value)
-        super || value
-      end
-
       def user_input_in_time_zone(value)
         return unless value.present?
 

activerecord/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+*   Don't allow `where` with invalid value matches to nil values.
+
+    Fixes #33624.
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
 *   SQLite3: Implement `add_foreign_key` and `remove_foreign_key`.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*

activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/query_attribute.rb

@@ -18,8 +18,10 @@ module ActiveRecord
       end
 
       def nil?
-        !value_before_type_cast.is_a?(StatementCache::Substitute) &&
-          (value_before_type_cast.nil? || value_for_database.nil?)
+        unless value_before_type_cast.is_a?(StatementCache::Substitute)
+          value_before_type_cast.nil? ||
+            type.respond_to?(:subtype, true) && value_for_database.nil?
+        end
       rescue ::RangeError
       end
 

activerecord/test/cases/adapters/postgresql/uuid_test.rb

@@ -114,6 +114,12 @@ class PostgresqlUUIDTest < ActiveRecord::PostgreSQLTestCase
     assert_equal "foobar", uuid.guid_before_type_cast
   end
 
+  def test_invalid_uuid_dont_match_to_nil
+    UUIDType.create!
+    assert_empty UUIDType.where(guid: "")
+    assert_empty UUIDType.where(guid: "foobar")
+  end
+
   def test_acceptable_uuid_regex
     # Valid uuids
     ["A0EEBC99-9C0B-4EF8-BB6D-6BB9BD380A11",

activerecord/test/cases/relation/where_test.rb

@@ -50,8 +50,12 @@ module ActiveRecord
       assert_equal [chef], chefs.to_a
     end
 
-    def test_where_with_casted_value_is_nil
-      assert_equal 4, Topic.where(last_read: "").count
+    def test_where_with_invalid_value
+      topics(:first).update!(written_on: nil, bonus_time: nil, last_read: nil)
+      assert_empty Topic.where(parent_id: Object.new)
+      assert_empty Topic.where(written_on: "")
+      assert_empty Topic.where(bonus_time: "")
+      assert_empty Topic.where(last_read: "")
     end
 
     def test_rewhere_on_root