diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/associations/preloader/association.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/associations/preloader/association.rb
index 26e08dba7e0..4db5c67ad0f 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/associations/preloader/association.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/associations/preloader/association.rb
@@ -38,6 +38,8 @@ module ActiveRecord
           end
 
           def load_records_for_keys(keys, &block)
+            return [] if keys.empty?
+
             if association_key_name.is_a?(Array)
               query_constraints = Hash.new { |hsh, key| hsh[key] = Set.new }
 
diff --git a/activerecord/test/cases/associations_test.rb b/activerecord/test/cases/associations_test.rb
index 1967e0d11d7..b55fb148b68 100644
--- a/activerecord/test/cases/associations_test.rb
+++ b/activerecord/test/cases/associations_test.rb
@@ -1388,6 +1388,15 @@ class PreloaderTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
     assert_equal sharded_blog_posts(:great_post_blog_one), comment.blog_post
   end
 
+  def test_preload_loaded_belongs_to_association_with_composite_foreign_key
+    comment = sharded_comments(:great_comment_blog_post_one)
+    comment.blog_post
+
+    assert_no_queries do
+      ActiveRecord::Associations::Preloader.new(records: [comment], associations: :blog_post).call
+    end
+  end
+
   def test_preload_has_many_through_association_with_composite_query_constraints
     tag = sharded_tags(:short_read_blog_one)