llvm-project/clang/lib/StaticAnalyzer/Checkers/UnixAPIChecker.cpp

357 lines
13 KiB
C++

//= UnixAPIChecker.h - Checks preconditions for various Unix APIs --*- C++ -*-//
//
// The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
//
// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
// This defines UnixAPIChecker, which is an assortment of checks on calls
// to various, widely used UNIX/Posix functions.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
#include "ClangSACheckers.h"
#include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/Checker.h"
#include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/CheckerManager.h"
#include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/PathSensitive/CheckerContext.h"
#include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/BugReporter/BugType.h"
#include "clang/Basic/TargetInfo.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/Optional.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/SmallString.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/STLExtras.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/StringSwitch.h"
#include <fcntl.h>
using namespace clang;
using namespace ento;
using llvm::Optional;
namespace {
class UnixAPIChecker : public Checker< check::PreStmt<CallExpr> > {
mutable OwningPtr<BugType> BT_open, BT_pthreadOnce, BT_mallocZero;
mutable Optional<uint64_t> Val_O_CREAT;
public:
void checkPreStmt(const CallExpr *CE, CheckerContext &C) const;
void CheckOpen(CheckerContext &C, const CallExpr *CE) const;
void CheckPthreadOnce(CheckerContext &C, const CallExpr *CE) const;
void CheckCallocZero(CheckerContext &C, const CallExpr *CE) const;
void CheckMallocZero(CheckerContext &C, const CallExpr *CE) const;
void CheckReallocZero(CheckerContext &C, const CallExpr *CE) const;
void CheckAllocaZero(CheckerContext &C, const CallExpr *CE) const;
void CheckVallocZero(CheckerContext &C, const CallExpr *CE) const;
typedef void (UnixAPIChecker::*SubChecker)(CheckerContext &,
const CallExpr *) const;
private:
bool ReportZeroByteAllocation(CheckerContext &C,
ProgramStateRef falseState,
const Expr *arg,
const char *fn_name) const;
void BasicAllocationCheck(CheckerContext &C,
const CallExpr *CE,
const unsigned numArgs,
const unsigned sizeArg,
const char *fn) const;
};
} //end anonymous namespace
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Utility functions.
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
static inline void LazyInitialize(OwningPtr<BugType> &BT,
const char *name) {
if (BT)
return;
BT.reset(new BugType(name, categories::UnixAPI));
}
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// "open" (man 2 open)
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
void UnixAPIChecker::CheckOpen(CheckerContext &C, const CallExpr *CE) const {
// The definition of O_CREAT is platform specific. We need a better way
// of querying this information from the checking environment.
if (!Val_O_CREAT.hasValue()) {
if (C.getASTContext().getTargetInfo().getTriple().getVendor()
== llvm::Triple::Apple)
Val_O_CREAT = 0x0200;
else {
// FIXME: We need a more general way of getting the O_CREAT value.
// We could possibly grovel through the preprocessor state, but
// that would require passing the Preprocessor object to the ExprEngine.
return;
}
}
// Look at the 'oflags' argument for the O_CREAT flag.
ProgramStateRef state = C.getState();
if (CE->getNumArgs() < 2) {
// The frontend should issue a warning for this case, so this is a sanity
// check.
return;
}
// Now check if oflags has O_CREAT set.
const Expr *oflagsEx = CE->getArg(1);
const SVal V = state->getSVal(oflagsEx, C.getLocationContext());
if (!isa<NonLoc>(V)) {
// The case where 'V' can be a location can only be due to a bad header,
// so in this case bail out.
return;
}
NonLoc oflags = cast<NonLoc>(V);
NonLoc ocreateFlag =
cast<NonLoc>(C.getSValBuilder().makeIntVal(Val_O_CREAT.getValue(),
oflagsEx->getType()));
SVal maskedFlagsUC = C.getSValBuilder().evalBinOpNN(state, BO_And,
oflags, ocreateFlag,
oflagsEx->getType());
if (maskedFlagsUC.isUnknownOrUndef())
return;
DefinedSVal maskedFlags = cast<DefinedSVal>(maskedFlagsUC);
// Check if maskedFlags is non-zero.
ProgramStateRef trueState, falseState;
llvm::tie(trueState, falseState) = state->assume(maskedFlags);
// Only emit an error if the value of 'maskedFlags' is properly
// constrained;
if (!(trueState && !falseState))
return;
if (CE->getNumArgs() < 3) {
ExplodedNode *N = C.generateSink(trueState);
if (!N)
return;
LazyInitialize(BT_open, "Improper use of 'open'");
BugReport *report =
new BugReport(*BT_open,
"Call to 'open' requires a third argument when "
"the 'O_CREAT' flag is set", N);
report->addRange(oflagsEx->getSourceRange());
C.EmitReport(report);
}
}
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// pthread_once
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
void UnixAPIChecker::CheckPthreadOnce(CheckerContext &C,
const CallExpr *CE) const {
// This is similar to 'CheckDispatchOnce' in the MacOSXAPIChecker.
// They can possibly be refactored.
if (CE->getNumArgs() < 1)
return;
// Check if the first argument is stack allocated. If so, issue a warning
// because that's likely to be bad news.
ProgramStateRef state = C.getState();
const MemRegion *R =
state->getSVal(CE->getArg(0), C.getLocationContext()).getAsRegion();
if (!R || !isa<StackSpaceRegion>(R->getMemorySpace()))
return;
ExplodedNode *N = C.generateSink(state);
if (!N)
return;
SmallString<256> S;
llvm::raw_svector_ostream os(S);
os << "Call to 'pthread_once' uses";
if (const VarRegion *VR = dyn_cast<VarRegion>(R))
os << " the local variable '" << VR->getDecl()->getName() << '\'';
else
os << " stack allocated memory";
os << " for the \"control\" value. Using such transient memory for "
"the control value is potentially dangerous.";
if (isa<VarRegion>(R) && isa<StackLocalsSpaceRegion>(R->getMemorySpace()))
os << " Perhaps you intended to declare the variable as 'static'?";
LazyInitialize(BT_pthreadOnce, "Improper use of 'pthread_once'");
BugReport *report = new BugReport(*BT_pthreadOnce, os.str(), N);
report->addRange(CE->getArg(0)->getSourceRange());
C.EmitReport(report);
}
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// "calloc", "malloc", "realloc", "alloca" and "valloc" with allocation size 0
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// FIXME: Eventually these should be rolled into the MallocChecker, but right now
// they're more basic and valuable for widespread use.
// Returns true if we try to do a zero byte allocation, false otherwise.
// Fills in trueState and falseState.
static bool IsZeroByteAllocation(ProgramStateRef state,
const SVal argVal,
ProgramStateRef *trueState,
ProgramStateRef *falseState) {
llvm::tie(*trueState, *falseState) =
state->assume(cast<DefinedSVal>(argVal));
return (*falseState && !*trueState);
}
// Generates an error report, indicating that the function whose name is given
// will perform a zero byte allocation.
// Returns false if an error occured, true otherwise.
bool UnixAPIChecker::ReportZeroByteAllocation(CheckerContext &C,
ProgramStateRef falseState,
const Expr *arg,
const char *fn_name) const {
ExplodedNode *N = C.generateSink(falseState);
if (!N)
return false;
LazyInitialize(BT_mallocZero,
"Undefined allocation of 0 bytes (CERT MEM04-C; CWE-131)");
SmallString<256> S;
llvm::raw_svector_ostream os(S);
os << "Call to '" << fn_name << "' has an allocation size of 0 bytes";
BugReport *report = new BugReport(*BT_mallocZero, os.str(), N);
report->addRange(arg->getSourceRange());
bugreporter::addTrackNullOrUndefValueVisitor(N, arg, report);
C.EmitReport(report);
return true;
}
// Does a basic check for 0-sized allocations suitable for most of the below
// functions (modulo "calloc")
void UnixAPIChecker::BasicAllocationCheck(CheckerContext &C,
const CallExpr *CE,
const unsigned numArgs,
const unsigned sizeArg,
const char *fn) const {
// Sanity check for the correct number of arguments
if (CE->getNumArgs() != numArgs)
return;
// Check if the allocation size is 0.
ProgramStateRef state = C.getState();
ProgramStateRef trueState = NULL, falseState = NULL;
const Expr *arg = CE->getArg(sizeArg);
SVal argVal = state->getSVal(arg, C.getLocationContext());
if (argVal.isUnknownOrUndef())
return;
// Is the value perfectly constrained to zero?
if (IsZeroByteAllocation(state, argVal, &trueState, &falseState)) {
(void) ReportZeroByteAllocation(C, falseState, arg, fn);
return;
}
// Assume the value is non-zero going forward.
assert(trueState);
if (trueState != state)
C.addTransition(trueState);
}
void UnixAPIChecker::CheckCallocZero(CheckerContext &C,
const CallExpr *CE) const {
unsigned int nArgs = CE->getNumArgs();
if (nArgs != 2)
return;
ProgramStateRef state = C.getState();
ProgramStateRef trueState = NULL, falseState = NULL;
unsigned int i;
for (i = 0; i < nArgs; i++) {
const Expr *arg = CE->getArg(i);
SVal argVal = state->getSVal(arg, C.getLocationContext());
if (argVal.isUnknownOrUndef()) {
if (i == 0)
continue;
else
return;
}
if (IsZeroByteAllocation(state, argVal, &trueState, &falseState)) {
if (ReportZeroByteAllocation(C, falseState, arg, "calloc"))
return;
else if (i == 0)
continue;
else
return;
}
}
// Assume the value is non-zero going forward.
assert(trueState);
if (trueState != state)
C.addTransition(trueState);
}
void UnixAPIChecker::CheckMallocZero(CheckerContext &C,
const CallExpr *CE) const {
BasicAllocationCheck(C, CE, 1, 0, "malloc");
}
void UnixAPIChecker::CheckReallocZero(CheckerContext &C,
const CallExpr *CE) const {
BasicAllocationCheck(C, CE, 2, 1, "realloc");
}
void UnixAPIChecker::CheckAllocaZero(CheckerContext &C,
const CallExpr *CE) const {
BasicAllocationCheck(C, CE, 1, 0, "alloca");
}
void UnixAPIChecker::CheckVallocZero(CheckerContext &C,
const CallExpr *CE) const {
BasicAllocationCheck(C, CE, 1, 0, "valloc");
}
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Central dispatch function.
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
void UnixAPIChecker::checkPreStmt(const CallExpr *CE,
CheckerContext &C) const {
const FunctionDecl *FD = C.getCalleeDecl(CE);
if (!FD || FD->getKind() != Decl::Function)
return;
StringRef FName = C.getCalleeName(FD);
if (FName.empty())
return;
SubChecker SC =
llvm::StringSwitch<SubChecker>(FName)
.Case("open", &UnixAPIChecker::CheckOpen)
.Case("pthread_once", &UnixAPIChecker::CheckPthreadOnce)
.Case("calloc", &UnixAPIChecker::CheckCallocZero)
.Case("malloc", &UnixAPIChecker::CheckMallocZero)
.Case("realloc", &UnixAPIChecker::CheckReallocZero)
.Cases("alloca", "__builtin_alloca", &UnixAPIChecker::CheckAllocaZero)
.Case("valloc", &UnixAPIChecker::CheckVallocZero)
.Default(NULL);
if (SC)
(this->*SC)(C, CE);
}
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Registration.
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
void ento::registerUnixAPIChecker(CheckerManager &mgr) {
mgr.registerChecker<UnixAPIChecker>();
}