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llvm-project/clang/lib/StaticAnalyzer/Checkers/IteratorsChecker.cpp

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//=== IteratorsChecker.cpp - Check for Invalidated Iterators ------*- C++ -*----
//
// The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
//
// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
// This defines IteratorsChecker, a number of small checks for conditions
// leading to invalid iterators being used.
// FIXME: Currently only supports 'vector' and 'deque'
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
#include "clang/AST/DeclTemplate.h"
#include "clang/Basic/SourceManager.h"
#include "ClangSACheckers.h"
#include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/Checker.h"
#include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/PathSensitive/CheckerContext.h"
#include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/CheckerManager.h"
#include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/BugReporter/BugType.h"
#include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/PathSensitive/ProgramStateTrait.h"
#include "clang/AST/DeclCXX.h"
#include "clang/AST/ExprCXX.h"
#include "clang/AST/Type.h"
#include "clang/AST/PrettyPrinter.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/SmallPtrSet.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/StringSwitch.h"
using namespace clang;
using namespace ento;
// This is the state associated with each iterator which includes both the
// kind of state and the instance used to initialize it.
// FIXME: add location where invalidated for better error reporting.
namespace {
class RefState {
enum Kind { BeginValid, EndValid, Invalid, Undefined, Unknown } K;
const void *VR;
public:
RefState(Kind k, const void *vr) : K(k), VR(vr) {}
bool isValid() const { return K == BeginValid || K == EndValid; }
bool isInvalid() const { return K == Invalid; }
bool isUndefined() const { return K == Undefined; }
bool isUnknown() const { return K == Unknown; }
const MemRegion *getMemRegion() const {
if (K == BeginValid || K == EndValid)
return(const MemRegion *)VR;
return 0;
}
const MemberExpr *getMemberExpr() const {
if (K == Invalid)
return(const MemberExpr *)VR;
return 0;
}
bool operator==(const RefState &X) const {
return K == X.K && VR == X.VR;
}
static RefState getBeginValid(const MemRegion *vr) {
assert(vr);
return RefState(BeginValid, vr);
}
static RefState getEndValid(const MemRegion *vr) {
assert(vr);
return RefState(EndValid, vr);
}
static RefState getInvalid( const MemberExpr *ME ) {
return RefState(Invalid, ME);
}
static RefState getUndefined( void ) {
return RefState(Undefined, 0);
}
static RefState getUnknown( void ) {
return RefState(Unknown, 0);
}
void Profile(llvm::FoldingSetNodeID &ID) const {
ID.AddInteger(K);
ID.AddPointer(VR);
}
};
enum RefKind { NoKind, VectorKind, VectorIteratorKind };
class IteratorsChecker :
public Checker<check::PreStmt<CXXOperatorCallExpr>,
check::PreStmt<DeclStmt>,
check::PreStmt<CXXMemberCallExpr>,
check::PreStmt<CallExpr> >
{
// Used when parsing iterators and vectors and deques.
BuiltinBug *BT_Invalid, *BT_Undefined, *BT_Incompatible;
public:
IteratorsChecker() :
BT_Invalid(0), BT_Undefined(0), BT_Incompatible(0)
{}
static void *getTag() { static int tag; return &tag; }
// Checker entry points.
void checkPreStmt(const CXXOperatorCallExpr *OCE,
CheckerContext &C) const;
void checkPreStmt(const DeclStmt *DS,
CheckerContext &C) const;
void checkPreStmt(const CXXMemberCallExpr *MCE,
CheckerContext &C) const;
void checkPreStmt(const CallExpr *CE,
CheckerContext &C) const;
private:
ProgramStateRef handleAssign(ProgramStateRef state,
const Expr *lexp,
const Expr *rexp,
const LocationContext *LC) const;
ProgramStateRef handleAssign(ProgramStateRef state,
const MemRegion *MR,
const Expr *rexp,
const LocationContext *LC) const;
ProgramStateRef invalidateIterators(ProgramStateRef state,
const MemRegion *MR,
const MemberExpr *ME) const;
void checkExpr(CheckerContext &C, const Expr *E) const;
void checkArgs(CheckerContext &C, const CallExpr *CE) const;
const MemRegion *getRegion(ProgramStateRef state,
const Expr *E,
const LocationContext *LC) const;
const DeclRefExpr *getDeclRefExpr(const Expr *E) const;
};
class IteratorState {
public:
typedef llvm::ImmutableMap<const MemRegion *, RefState> EntryMap;
};
} //end anonymous namespace
namespace clang {
namespace ento {
template <>
struct ProgramStateTrait<IteratorState>
: public ProgramStatePartialTrait<IteratorState::EntryMap> {
static void *GDMIndex() { return IteratorsChecker::getTag(); }
};
}
}
void ento::registerIteratorsChecker(CheckerManager &mgr) {
mgr.registerChecker<IteratorsChecker>();
}
// ===============================================
// Utility functions used by visitor functions
// ===============================================
// check a templated type for std::vector or std::deque
static RefKind getTemplateKind(const NamedDecl *td) {
const DeclContext *dc = td->getDeclContext();
const NamespaceDecl *nameSpace = dyn_cast<NamespaceDecl>(dc);
if (!nameSpace || !isa<TranslationUnitDecl>(nameSpace->getDeclContext())
|| nameSpace->getName() != "std")
return NoKind;
StringRef name = td->getName();
return llvm::StringSwitch<RefKind>(name)
.Cases("vector", "deque", VectorKind)
.Default(NoKind);
}
static RefKind getTemplateKind(const DeclContext *dc) {
if (const ClassTemplateSpecializationDecl *td =
dyn_cast<ClassTemplateSpecializationDecl>(dc))
return getTemplateKind(cast<NamedDecl>(td));
return NoKind;
}
static RefKind getTemplateKind(const TypedefType *tdt) {
const TypedefNameDecl *td = tdt->getDecl();
RefKind parentKind = getTemplateKind(td->getDeclContext());
if (parentKind == VectorKind) {
return llvm::StringSwitch<RefKind>(td->getName())
.Cases("iterator",
"const_iterator",
"reverse_iterator", VectorIteratorKind)
.Default(NoKind);
}
return NoKind;
}
static RefKind getTemplateKind(const TemplateSpecializationType *tsp) {
const TemplateName &tname = tsp->getTemplateName();
TemplateDecl *td = tname.getAsTemplateDecl();
if (!td)
return NoKind;
return getTemplateKind(td);
}
static RefKind getTemplateKind(QualType T) {
if (const TemplateSpecializationType *tsp =
T->getAs<TemplateSpecializationType>()) {
return getTemplateKind(tsp);
}
if (const ElaboratedType *ET = dyn_cast<ElaboratedType>(T)) {
QualType namedType = ET->getNamedType();
if (const TypedefType *tdt = namedType->getAs<TypedefType>())
return getTemplateKind(tdt);
if (const TemplateSpecializationType *tsp =
namedType->getAs<TemplateSpecializationType>()) {
return getTemplateKind(tsp);
}
}
return NoKind;
}
// Iterate through our map and invalidate any iterators that were
// initialized fromt the specified instance MemRegion.
ProgramStateRef IteratorsChecker::invalidateIterators(ProgramStateRef state,
const MemRegion *MR, const MemberExpr *ME) const {
IteratorState::EntryMap Map = state->get<IteratorState>();
if (Map.isEmpty())
return state;
// Loop over the entries in the current state.
// The key doesn't change, so the map iterators won't change.
for (IteratorState::EntryMap::iterator I = Map.begin(), E = Map.end();
I != E; ++I) {
RefState RS = I.getData();
if (RS.getMemRegion() == MR)
state = state->set<IteratorState>(I.getKey(), RefState::getInvalid(ME));
}
return state;
}
// Handle assigning to an iterator where we don't have the LValue MemRegion.
ProgramStateRef IteratorsChecker::handleAssign(ProgramStateRef state,
const Expr *lexp, const Expr *rexp, const LocationContext *LC) const {
// Skip the cast if present.
if (const MaterializeTemporaryExpr *M
= dyn_cast<MaterializeTemporaryExpr>(lexp))
lexp = M->GetTemporaryExpr();
if (const ImplicitCastExpr *ICE = dyn_cast<ImplicitCastExpr>(lexp))
lexp = ICE->getSubExpr();
SVal sv = state->getSVal(lexp, LC);
const MemRegion *MR = sv.getAsRegion();
if (!MR)
return state;
RefKind kind = getTemplateKind(lexp->getType());
// If assigning to a vector, invalidate any iterators currently associated.
if (kind == VectorKind)
return invalidateIterators(state, MR, 0);
// Make sure that we are assigning to an iterator.
if (getTemplateKind(lexp->getType()) != VectorIteratorKind)
return state;
return handleAssign(state, MR, rexp, LC);
}
// handle assigning to an iterator
ProgramStateRef IteratorsChecker::handleAssign(ProgramStateRef state,
const MemRegion *MR, const Expr *rexp, const LocationContext *LC) const {
// Assume unknown until we find something definite.
state = state->set<IteratorState>(MR, RefState::getUnknown());
if (const MaterializeTemporaryExpr *M
= dyn_cast<MaterializeTemporaryExpr>(rexp))
rexp = M->GetTemporaryExpr();
if (const ImplicitCastExpr *ICE = dyn_cast<ImplicitCastExpr>(rexp))
rexp = ICE->getSubExpr();
// Need to handle three cases: MemberCall, copy, copy with addition.
if (const CallExpr *CE = dyn_cast<CallExpr>(rexp)) {
// Handle MemberCall.
if (const MemberExpr *ME = dyn_cast<MemberExpr>(CE->getCallee())) {
const DeclRefExpr *DRE = dyn_cast<DeclRefExpr>(ME->getBase());
if (!DRE)
return state;
// Verify that the type is std::vector<T>.
if (getTemplateKind(DRE->getType()) != VectorKind)
return state;
// Now get the MemRegion associated with the instance.
const VarDecl *VD = dyn_cast<VarDecl>(DRE->getDecl());
if (!VD)
return state;
const MemRegion *IMR = state->getRegion(VD, LC);
if (!IMR)
return state;
// Finally, see if it is one of the calls that will create
// a valid iterator and mark it if so, else mark as Unknown.
StringRef mName = ME->getMemberDecl()->getName();
if (llvm::StringSwitch<bool>(mName)
.Cases("begin", "insert", "erase", true).Default(false)) {
return state->set<IteratorState>(MR, RefState::getBeginValid(IMR));
}
if (mName == "end")
return state->set<IteratorState>(MR, RefState::getEndValid(IMR));
return state->set<IteratorState>(MR, RefState::getUnknown());
}
}
// Handle straight copy from another iterator.
if (const DeclRefExpr *DRE = dyn_cast<DeclRefExpr>(rexp)) {
if (getTemplateKind(DRE->getType()) != VectorIteratorKind)
return state;
// Now get the MemRegion associated with the instance.
const VarDecl *VD = dyn_cast<VarDecl>(DRE->getDecl());
if (!VD)
return state;
const MemRegion *IMR = state->getRegion(VD, LC);
if (!IMR)
return state;
// Get the RefState of the iterator being copied.
const RefState *RS = state->get<IteratorState>(IMR);
if (!RS)
return state;
// Use it to set the state of the LValue.
return state->set<IteratorState>(MR, *RS);
}
// If we have operator+ or operator- ...
if (const CXXOperatorCallExpr *OCE = dyn_cast<CXXOperatorCallExpr>(rexp)) {
OverloadedOperatorKind Kind = OCE->getOperator();
if (Kind == OO_Plus || Kind == OO_Minus) {
// Check left side of tree for a valid value.
state = handleAssign( state, MR, OCE->getArg(0), LC);
const RefState *RS = state->get<IteratorState>(MR);
// If found, return it.
if (!RS->isUnknown())
return state;
// Otherwise return what we find in the right side.
return handleAssign(state, MR, OCE->getArg(1), LC);
}
}
// Fall through if nothing matched.
return state;
}
// Iterate through the arguments looking for an Invalid or Undefined iterator.
void IteratorsChecker::checkArgs(CheckerContext &C, const CallExpr *CE) const {
for (CallExpr::const_arg_iterator I = CE->arg_begin(), E = CE->arg_end();
I != E; ++I) {
checkExpr(C, *I);
}
}
// Get the DeclRefExpr associated with the expression.
const DeclRefExpr *IteratorsChecker::getDeclRefExpr(const Expr *E) const {
// If it is a CXXConstructExpr, need to get the subexpression.
if (const CXXConstructExpr *CE = dyn_cast<CXXConstructExpr>(E)) {
if (CE->getNumArgs()== 1) {
CXXConstructorDecl *CD = CE->getConstructor();
if (CD->isTrivial())
E = CE->getArg(0);
}
}
if (const MaterializeTemporaryExpr *M = dyn_cast<MaterializeTemporaryExpr>(E))
E = M->GetTemporaryExpr();
if (const ImplicitCastExpr *ICE = dyn_cast<ImplicitCastExpr>(E))
E = ICE->getSubExpr();
// If it isn't one of our types, don't do anything.
if (getTemplateKind(E->getType()) != VectorIteratorKind)
return NULL;
return dyn_cast<DeclRefExpr>(E);
}
// Get the MemRegion associated with the expresssion.
const MemRegion *IteratorsChecker::getRegion(ProgramStateRef state,
const Expr *E, const LocationContext *LC) const {
const DeclRefExpr *DRE = getDeclRefExpr(E);
if (!DRE)
return NULL;
const VarDecl *VD = dyn_cast<VarDecl>(DRE->getDecl());
if (!VD)
return NULL;
// return the MemRegion associated with the iterator
return state->getRegion(VD, LC);
}
// Check the expression and if it is an iterator, generate a diagnostic
// if the iterator is not valid.
// FIXME: this method can generate new nodes, and subsequent logic should
// use those nodes. We also cannot create multiple nodes at one ProgramPoint
// with the same tag.
void IteratorsChecker::checkExpr(CheckerContext &C, const Expr *E) const {
ProgramStateRef state = C.getState();
const MemRegion *MR = getRegion(state, E, C.getLocationContext());
if (!MR)
return;
// Get the state associated with the iterator.
const RefState *RS = state->get<IteratorState>(MR);
if (!RS)
return;
if (RS->isInvalid()) {
if (ExplodedNode *N = C.addTransition()) {
if (!BT_Invalid)
// FIXME: We are eluding constness here.
const_cast<IteratorsChecker*>(this)->BT_Invalid = new BuiltinBug("");
std::string msg;
const MemberExpr *ME = RS->getMemberExpr();
if (ME) {
std::string name = ME->getMemberNameInfo().getAsString();
msg = "Attempt to use an iterator made invalid by call to '" +
name + "'";
}
else {
msg = "Attempt to use an iterator made invalid by copying another "
"container to its container";
}
BugReport *R = new BugReport(*BT_Invalid, msg, N);
R->addRange(getDeclRefExpr(E)->getSourceRange());
C.EmitReport(R);
}
}
else if (RS->isUndefined()) {
if (ExplodedNode *N = C.addTransition()) {
if (!BT_Undefined)
// FIXME: We are eluding constness here.
const_cast<IteratorsChecker*>(this)->BT_Undefined =
new BuiltinBug("Use of iterator that is not defined");
BugReport *R = new BugReport(*BT_Undefined,
BT_Undefined->getDescription(), N);
R->addRange(getDeclRefExpr(E)->getSourceRange());
C.EmitReport(R);
}
}
}
// ===============================================
// Path analysis visitor functions
// ===============================================
// For a generic Call, just check the args for bad iterators.
void IteratorsChecker::checkPreStmt(const CallExpr *CE,
CheckerContext &C) const{
// FIXME: These checks are to currently work around a bug
// in CheckerManager.
if (isa<CXXOperatorCallExpr>(CE))
return;
if (isa<CXXMemberCallExpr>(CE))
return;
checkArgs(C, CE);
}
// Handle operator calls. First, if it is operator=, check the argument,
// and handle assigning and set target state appropriately. Otherwise, for
// other operators, check the args for bad iterators and handle comparisons.
void IteratorsChecker::checkPreStmt(const CXXOperatorCallExpr *OCE,
CheckerContext &C) const
{
const LocationContext *LC = C.getLocationContext();
ProgramStateRef state = C.getState();
OverloadedOperatorKind Kind = OCE->getOperator();
if (Kind == OO_Equal) {
checkExpr(C, OCE->getArg(1));
state = handleAssign(state, OCE->getArg(0), OCE->getArg(1), LC);
C.addTransition(state);
return;
}
else {
checkArgs(C, OCE);
// If it is a compare and both are iterators, ensure that they are for
// the same container.
if (Kind == OO_EqualEqual || Kind == OO_ExclaimEqual ||
Kind == OO_Less || Kind == OO_LessEqual ||
Kind == OO_Greater || Kind == OO_GreaterEqual) {
const MemRegion *MR0, *MR1;
MR0 = getRegion(state, OCE->getArg(0), LC);
if (!MR0)
return;
MR1 = getRegion(state, OCE->getArg(1), LC);
if (!MR1)
return;
const RefState *RS0, *RS1;
RS0 = state->get<IteratorState>(MR0);
if (!RS0)
return;
RS1 = state->get<IteratorState>(MR1);
if (!RS1)
return;
if (RS0->getMemRegion() != RS1->getMemRegion()) {
if (ExplodedNode *N = C.addTransition()) {
if (!BT_Incompatible)
const_cast<IteratorsChecker*>(this)->BT_Incompatible =
new BuiltinBug(
"Cannot compare iterators from different containers");
BugReport *R = new BugReport(*BT_Incompatible,
BT_Incompatible->getDescription(), N);
R->addRange(OCE->getSourceRange());
C.EmitReport(R);
}
}
}
}
}
// Need to handle DeclStmts to pick up initializing of iterators and to mark
// uninitialized ones as Undefined.
void IteratorsChecker::checkPreStmt(const DeclStmt *DS,
CheckerContext &C) const {
const Decl *D = *DS->decl_begin();
const VarDecl *VD = dyn_cast<VarDecl>(D);
// Only care about iterators.
if (getTemplateKind(VD->getType()) != VectorIteratorKind)
return;
// Get the MemRegion associated with the iterator and mark it as Undefined.
ProgramStateRef state = C.getState();
Loc VarLoc = state->getLValue(VD, C.getLocationContext());
const MemRegion *MR = VarLoc.getAsRegion();
if (!MR)
return;
state = state->set<IteratorState>(MR, RefState::getUndefined());
// if there is an initializer, handle marking Valid if a proper initializer
const Expr *InitEx = VD->getInit();
if (InitEx) {
// FIXME: This is too syntactic. Since 'InitEx' will be analyzed first
// it should resolve to an SVal that we can check for validity
// *semantically* instead of walking through the AST.
if (const CXXConstructExpr *CE = dyn_cast<CXXConstructExpr>(InitEx)) {
if (CE->getNumArgs() == 1) {
const Expr *E = CE->getArg(0);
if (const MaterializeTemporaryExpr *M
= dyn_cast<MaterializeTemporaryExpr>(E))
E = M->GetTemporaryExpr();
if (const ImplicitCastExpr *ICE = dyn_cast<ImplicitCastExpr>(E))
InitEx = ICE->getSubExpr();
state = handleAssign(state, MR, InitEx, C.getLocationContext());
}
}
}
C.addTransition(state);
}
namespace { struct CalledReserved {}; }
namespace clang { namespace ento {
template<> struct ProgramStateTrait<CalledReserved>
: public ProgramStatePartialTrait<llvm::ImmutableSet<const MemRegion*> > {
static void *GDMIndex() { static int index = 0; return &index; }
};
}}
// on a member call, first check the args for any bad iterators
// then, check to see if it is a call to a function that will invalidate
// the iterators
void IteratorsChecker::checkPreStmt(const CXXMemberCallExpr *MCE,
CheckerContext &C) const {
// Check the arguments.
checkArgs(C, MCE);
const MemberExpr *ME = dyn_cast<MemberExpr>(MCE->getCallee());
if (!ME)
return;
// Make sure we have the right kind of container.
const DeclRefExpr *DRE = dyn_cast<DeclRefExpr>(ME->getBase());
if (!DRE || getTemplateKind(DRE->getType()) != VectorKind)
return;
SVal tsv = C.getState()->getSVal(DRE, C.getLocationContext());
// Get the MemRegion associated with the container instance.
const MemRegion *MR = tsv.getAsRegion();
if (!MR)
return;
// If we are calling a function that invalidates iterators, mark them
// appropriately by finding matching instances.
ProgramStateRef state = C.getState();
StringRef mName = ME->getMemberDecl()->getName();
if (llvm::StringSwitch<bool>(mName)
.Cases("insert", "reserve", "push_back", true)
.Cases("erase", "pop_back", "clear", "resize", true)
.Default(false)) {
// If there was a 'reserve' call, assume iterators are good.
if (!state->contains<CalledReserved>(MR))
state = invalidateIterators(state, MR, ME);
}
// Keep track of instances that have called 'reserve'
// note: do this after we invalidate any iterators by calling
// 'reserve' itself.
if (mName == "reserve")
state = state->add<CalledReserved>(MR);
if (state != C.getState())
C.addTransition(state);
}
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