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llvm-project/llvm/lib/InterfaceStub/ELFObjHandler.cpp

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//===- ELFObjHandler.cpp --------------------------------------------------===//
//
// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
//
//===-----------------------------------------------------------------------===/
#include "llvm/InterfaceStub/ELFObjHandler.h"
#include "llvm/InterfaceStub/ELFStub.h"
#include "llvm/MC/StringTableBuilder.h"
#include "llvm/Object/Binary.h"
#include "llvm/Object/ELFObjectFile.h"
#include "llvm/Object/ELFTypes.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Errc.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Error.h"
#include "llvm/Support/FileOutputBuffer.h"
#include "llvm/Support/MathExtras.h"
#include "llvm/Support/MemoryBuffer.h"
using llvm::MemoryBufferRef;
using llvm::object::ELFObjectFile;
using namespace llvm;
using namespace llvm::object;
using namespace llvm::ELF;
namespace llvm {
namespace elfabi {
// Simple struct to hold relevant .dynamic entries.
struct DynamicEntries {
uint64_t StrTabAddr = 0;
uint64_t StrSize = 0;
Optional<uint64_t> SONameOffset;
std::vector<uint64_t> NeededLibNames;
// Symbol table:
uint64_t DynSymAddr = 0;
// Hash tables:
Optional<uint64_t> ElfHash;
Optional<uint64_t> GnuHash;
};
/// This initializes an ELF file header with information specific to a binary
/// dynamic shared object.
/// Offsets, indexes, links, etc. for section and program headers are just
/// zero-initialized as they will be updated elsewhere.
///
/// @param ElfHeader Target ELFT::Ehdr to populate.
/// @param Machine Target architecture (e_machine from ELF specifications).
template <class ELFT>
static void initELFHeader(typename ELFT::Ehdr &ElfHeader, uint16_t Machine) {
memset(&ElfHeader, 0, sizeof(ElfHeader));
// ELF identification.
ElfHeader.e_ident[EI_MAG0] = ElfMagic[EI_MAG0];
ElfHeader.e_ident[EI_MAG1] = ElfMagic[EI_MAG1];
ElfHeader.e_ident[EI_MAG2] = ElfMagic[EI_MAG2];
ElfHeader.e_ident[EI_MAG3] = ElfMagic[EI_MAG3];
ElfHeader.e_ident[EI_CLASS] = ELFT::Is64Bits ? ELFCLASS64 : ELFCLASS32;
bool IsLittleEndian = ELFT::TargetEndianness == support::little;
ElfHeader.e_ident[EI_DATA] = IsLittleEndian ? ELFDATA2LSB : ELFDATA2MSB;
ElfHeader.e_ident[EI_VERSION] = EV_CURRENT;
ElfHeader.e_ident[EI_OSABI] = ELFOSABI_NONE;
// Remainder of ELF header.
ElfHeader.e_type = ET_DYN;
ElfHeader.e_machine = Machine;
ElfHeader.e_version = EV_CURRENT;
ElfHeader.e_ehsize = sizeof(typename ELFT::Ehdr);
ElfHeader.e_phentsize = sizeof(typename ELFT::Phdr);
ElfHeader.e_shentsize = sizeof(typename ELFT::Shdr);
}
namespace {
template <class ELFT> struct OutputSection {
using Elf_Shdr = typename ELFT::Shdr;
std::string Name;
Elf_Shdr Shdr;
uint64_t Addr;
uint64_t Offset;
uint64_t Size;
uint64_t Align;
uint32_t Index;
bool NoBits = true;
};
template <class T, class ELFT>
struct ContentSection : public OutputSection<ELFT> {
T Content;
ContentSection() { this->NoBits = false; }
};
// This class just wraps StringTableBuilder for the purpose of adding a
// default constructor.
class ELFStringTableBuilder : public StringTableBuilder {
public:
ELFStringTableBuilder() : StringTableBuilder(StringTableBuilder::ELF) {}
};
template <class ELFT> class ELFStubBuilder {
public:
using Elf_Ehdr = typename ELFT::Ehdr;
using Elf_Shdr = typename ELFT::Shdr;
using Elf_Phdr = typename ELFT::Phdr;
using Elf_Sym = typename ELFT::Sym;
using Elf_Addr = typename ELFT::Addr;
using Elf_Dyn = typename ELFT::Dyn;
ELFStubBuilder(const ELFStubBuilder &) = delete;
ELFStubBuilder(ELFStubBuilder &&) = default;
explicit ELFStubBuilder(const ELFStub &Stub) {
// Populate string tables.
ShStrTab.Name = ".shstrtab";
ShStrTab.Align = 1;
DynStr.Name = ".dynstr";
DynStr.Align = 1;
for (const ELFSymbol &Sym : Stub.Symbols)
DynStr.Content.add(Sym.Name);
std::vector<OutputSection<ELFT> *> Sections = {&DynStr, &ShStrTab};
const OutputSection<ELFT> *LastSection = Sections.back();
// Now set the Index and put sections names into ".shstrtab".
uint64_t Index = 1;
for (OutputSection<ELFT> *Sec : Sections) {
Sec->Index = Index++;
ShStrTab.Content.add(Sec->Name);
}
ShStrTab.Content.finalize();
ShStrTab.Size = ShStrTab.Content.getSize();
DynStr.Content.finalize();
DynStr.Size = DynStr.Content.getSize();
// Calculate sections' addresses and offsets.
uint64_t CurrentOffset = sizeof(Elf_Ehdr);
for (OutputSection<ELFT> *Sec : Sections) {
Sec->Offset = alignTo(CurrentOffset, Sec->Align);
Sec->Addr = Sec->Offset;
CurrentOffset = Sec->Offset + Sec->Size;
}
// Write section headers of string tables.
fillStrTabShdr(DynStr, SHF_ALLOC);
fillStrTabShdr(ShStrTab);
// Finish initializing the ELF header.
initELFHeader<ELFT>(ElfHeader, Stub.Arch);
ElfHeader.e_shstrndx = ShStrTab.Index;
ElfHeader.e_shnum = LastSection->Index + 1;
ElfHeader.e_shoff =
alignTo(LastSection->Offset + LastSection->Size, sizeof(Elf_Addr));
}
size_t getSize() const {
return ElfHeader.e_shoff + ElfHeader.e_shnum * sizeof(Elf_Shdr);
}
void write(uint8_t *Data) const {
write(Data, ElfHeader);
DynStr.Content.write(Data + DynStr.Shdr.sh_offset);
ShStrTab.Content.write(Data + ShStrTab.Shdr.sh_offset);
writeShdr(Data, DynStr);
writeShdr(Data, ShStrTab);
}
private:
Elf_Ehdr ElfHeader;
ContentSection<ELFStringTableBuilder, ELFT> DynStr;
ContentSection<ELFStringTableBuilder, ELFT> ShStrTab;
template <class T> static void write(uint8_t *Data, const T &Value) {
*reinterpret_cast<T *>(Data) = Value;
}
void fillStrTabShdr(ContentSection<ELFStringTableBuilder, ELFT> &StrTab,
uint32_t ShFlags = 0) const {
StrTab.Shdr.sh_type = SHT_STRTAB;
StrTab.Shdr.sh_flags = ShFlags;
StrTab.Shdr.sh_addr = StrTab.Addr;
StrTab.Shdr.sh_offset = StrTab.Offset;
StrTab.Shdr.sh_info = 0;
StrTab.Shdr.sh_size = StrTab.Size;
StrTab.Shdr.sh_name = ShStrTab.Content.getOffset(StrTab.Name);
StrTab.Shdr.sh_addralign = StrTab.Align;
StrTab.Shdr.sh_entsize = 0;
StrTab.Shdr.sh_link = 0;
}
uint64_t shdrOffset(const OutputSection<ELFT> &Sec) const {
return ElfHeader.e_shoff + Sec.Index * sizeof(Elf_Shdr);
}
void writeShdr(uint8_t *Data, const OutputSection<ELFT> &Sec) const {
write(Data + shdrOffset(Sec), Sec.Shdr);
}
};
} // end anonymous namespace
/// This function behaves similarly to StringRef::substr(), but attempts to
/// terminate the returned StringRef at the first null terminator. If no null
/// terminator is found, an error is returned.
///
/// @param Str Source string to create a substring from.
/// @param Offset The start index of the desired substring.
static Expected<StringRef> terminatedSubstr(StringRef Str, size_t Offset) {
size_t StrEnd = Str.find('\0', Offset);
if (StrEnd == StringLiteral::npos) {
return createError(
"String overran bounds of string table (no null terminator)");
}
size_t StrLen = StrEnd - Offset;
return Str.substr(Offset, StrLen);
}
/// This function takes an error, and appends a string of text to the end of
/// that error. Since "appending" to an Error isn't supported behavior of an
/// Error, this function technically creates a new error with the combined
/// message and consumes the old error.
///
/// @param Err Source error.
/// @param After Text to append at the end of Err's error message.
Error appendToError(Error Err, StringRef After) {
std::string Message;
raw_string_ostream Stream(Message);
Stream << Err;
Stream << " " << After;
consumeError(std::move(Err));
return createError(Stream.str().c_str());
}
/// This function populates a DynamicEntries struct using an ELFT::DynRange.
/// After populating the struct, the members are validated with
/// some basic sanity checks.
///
/// @param Dyn Target DynamicEntries struct to populate.
/// @param DynTable Source dynamic table.
template <class ELFT>
static Error populateDynamic(DynamicEntries &Dyn,
typename ELFT::DynRange DynTable) {
if (DynTable.empty())
return createError("No .dynamic section found");
// Search .dynamic for relevant entries.
bool FoundDynStr = false;
bool FoundDynStrSz = false;
bool FoundDynSym = false;
for (auto &Entry : DynTable) {
switch (Entry.d_tag) {
case DT_SONAME:
Dyn.SONameOffset = Entry.d_un.d_val;
break;
case DT_STRTAB:
Dyn.StrTabAddr = Entry.d_un.d_ptr;
FoundDynStr = true;
break;
case DT_STRSZ:
Dyn.StrSize = Entry.d_un.d_val;
FoundDynStrSz = true;
break;
case DT_NEEDED:
Dyn.NeededLibNames.push_back(Entry.d_un.d_val);
break;
case DT_SYMTAB:
Dyn.DynSymAddr = Entry.d_un.d_ptr;
FoundDynSym = true;
break;
case DT_HASH:
Dyn.ElfHash = Entry.d_un.d_ptr;
break;
case DT_GNU_HASH:
Dyn.GnuHash = Entry.d_un.d_ptr;
}
}
if (!FoundDynStr) {
return createError(
"Couldn't locate dynamic string table (no DT_STRTAB entry)");
}
if (!FoundDynStrSz) {
return createError(
"Couldn't determine dynamic string table size (no DT_STRSZ entry)");
}
if (!FoundDynSym) {
return createError(
"Couldn't locate dynamic symbol table (no DT_SYMTAB entry)");
}
if (Dyn.SONameOffset.hasValue() && *Dyn.SONameOffset >= Dyn.StrSize) {
return createStringError(object_error::parse_failed,
"DT_SONAME string offset (0x%016" PRIx64
") outside of dynamic string table",
*Dyn.SONameOffset);
}
for (uint64_t Offset : Dyn.NeededLibNames) {
if (Offset >= Dyn.StrSize) {
return createStringError(object_error::parse_failed,
"DT_NEEDED string offset (0x%016" PRIx64
") outside of dynamic string table",
Offset);
}
}
return Error::success();
}
/// This function finds the number of dynamic symbols using a GNU hash table.
///
/// @param Table The GNU hash table for .dynsym.
template <class ELFT>
static uint64_t getDynSymtabSize(const typename ELFT::GnuHash &Table) {
using Elf_Word = typename ELFT::Word;
if (Table.nbuckets == 0)
return Table.symndx + 1;
uint64_t LastSymIdx = 0;
uint64_t BucketVal = 0;
// Find the index of the first symbol in the last chain.
for (Elf_Word Val : Table.buckets()) {
BucketVal = std::max(BucketVal, (uint64_t)Val);
}
LastSymIdx += BucketVal;
const Elf_Word *It =
reinterpret_cast<const Elf_Word *>(Table.values(BucketVal).end());
// Locate the end of the chain to find the last symbol index.
while ((*It & 1) == 0) {
LastSymIdx++;
It++;
}
return LastSymIdx + 1;
}
/// This function determines the number of dynamic symbols.
/// Without access to section headers, the number of symbols must be determined
/// by parsing dynamic hash tables.
///
/// @param Dyn Entries with the locations of hash tables.
/// @param ElfFile The ElfFile that the section contents reside in.
template <class ELFT>
static Expected<uint64_t> getNumSyms(DynamicEntries &Dyn,
const ELFFile<ELFT> &ElfFile) {
using Elf_Hash = typename ELFT::Hash;
using Elf_GnuHash = typename ELFT::GnuHash;
// Search GNU hash table to try to find the upper bound of dynsym.
if (Dyn.GnuHash.hasValue()) {
Expected<const uint8_t *> TablePtr = ElfFile.toMappedAddr(*Dyn.GnuHash);
if (!TablePtr)
return TablePtr.takeError();
const Elf_GnuHash *Table =
reinterpret_cast<const Elf_GnuHash *>(TablePtr.get());
return getDynSymtabSize<ELFT>(*Table);
}
// Search SYSV hash table to try to find the upper bound of dynsym.
if (Dyn.ElfHash.hasValue()) {
Expected<const uint8_t *> TablePtr = ElfFile.toMappedAddr(*Dyn.ElfHash);
if (!TablePtr)
return TablePtr.takeError();
const Elf_Hash *Table = reinterpret_cast<const Elf_Hash *>(TablePtr.get());
return Table->nchain;
}
return 0;
}
/// This function extracts symbol type from a symbol's st_info member and
/// maps it to an ELFSymbolType enum.
/// Currently, STT_NOTYPE, STT_OBJECT, STT_FUNC, and STT_TLS are supported.
/// Other symbol types are mapped to ELFSymbolType::Unknown.
///
/// @param Info Binary symbol st_info to extract symbol type from.
static ELFSymbolType convertInfoToType(uint8_t Info) {
Info = Info & 0xf;
switch (Info) {
case ELF::STT_NOTYPE:
return ELFSymbolType::NoType;
case ELF::STT_OBJECT:
return ELFSymbolType::Object;
case ELF::STT_FUNC:
return ELFSymbolType::Func;
case ELF::STT_TLS:
return ELFSymbolType::TLS;
default:
return ELFSymbolType::Unknown;
}
}
/// This function creates an ELFSymbol and populates all members using
/// information from a binary ELFT::Sym.
///
/// @param SymName The desired name of the ELFSymbol.
/// @param RawSym ELFT::Sym to extract symbol information from.
template <class ELFT>
static ELFSymbol createELFSym(StringRef SymName,
const typename ELFT::Sym &RawSym) {
ELFSymbol TargetSym{std::string(SymName)};
uint8_t Binding = RawSym.getBinding();
if (Binding == STB_WEAK)
TargetSym.Weak = true;
else
TargetSym.Weak = false;
TargetSym.Undefined = RawSym.isUndefined();
TargetSym.Type = convertInfoToType(RawSym.st_info);
if (TargetSym.Type == ELFSymbolType::Func) {
TargetSym.Size = 0;
} else {
TargetSym.Size = RawSym.st_size;
}
return TargetSym;
}
/// This function populates an ELFStub with symbols using information read
/// from an ELF binary.
///
/// @param TargetStub ELFStub to add symbols to.
/// @param DynSym Range of dynamic symbols to add to TargetStub.
/// @param DynStr StringRef to the dynamic string table.
template <class ELFT>
static Error populateSymbols(ELFStub &TargetStub,
const typename ELFT::SymRange DynSym,
StringRef DynStr) {
// Skips the first symbol since it's the NULL symbol.
for (auto RawSym : DynSym.drop_front(1)) {
// If a symbol does not have global or weak binding, ignore it.
uint8_t Binding = RawSym.getBinding();
if (!(Binding == STB_GLOBAL || Binding == STB_WEAK))
continue;
// If a symbol doesn't have default or protected visibility, ignore it.
uint8_t Visibility = RawSym.getVisibility();
if (!(Visibility == STV_DEFAULT || Visibility == STV_PROTECTED))
continue;
// Create an ELFSymbol and populate it with information from the symbol
// table entry.
Expected<StringRef> SymName = terminatedSubstr(DynStr, RawSym.st_name);
if (!SymName)
return SymName.takeError();
ELFSymbol Sym = createELFSym<ELFT>(*SymName, RawSym);
TargetStub.Symbols.insert(std::move(Sym));
// TODO: Populate symbol warning.
}
return Error::success();
}
/// Returns a new ELFStub with all members populated from an ELFObjectFile.
/// @param ElfObj Source ELFObjectFile.
template <class ELFT>
static Expected<std::unique_ptr<ELFStub>>
buildStub(const ELFObjectFile<ELFT> &ElfObj) {
using Elf_Dyn_Range = typename ELFT::DynRange;
using Elf_Phdr_Range = typename ELFT::PhdrRange;
using Elf_Sym_Range = typename ELFT::SymRange;
using Elf_Sym = typename ELFT::Sym;
std::unique_ptr<ELFStub> DestStub = std::make_unique<ELFStub>();
const ELFFile<ELFT> *ElfFile = ElfObj.getELFFile();
// Fetch .dynamic table.
Expected<Elf_Dyn_Range> DynTable = ElfFile->dynamicEntries();
if (!DynTable) {
return DynTable.takeError();
}
// Fetch program headers.
Expected<Elf_Phdr_Range> PHdrs = ElfFile->program_headers();
if (!PHdrs) {
return PHdrs.takeError();
}
// Collect relevant .dynamic entries.
DynamicEntries DynEnt;
if (Error Err = populateDynamic<ELFT>(DynEnt, *DynTable))
return std::move(Err);
// Get pointer to in-memory location of .dynstr section.
Expected<const uint8_t *> DynStrPtr =
ElfFile->toMappedAddr(DynEnt.StrTabAddr);
if (!DynStrPtr)
return appendToError(DynStrPtr.takeError(),
"when locating .dynstr section contents");
StringRef DynStr(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(DynStrPtr.get()),
DynEnt.StrSize);
// Populate Arch from ELF header.
DestStub->Arch = ElfFile->getHeader().e_machine;
// Populate SoName from .dynamic entries and dynamic string table.
if (DynEnt.SONameOffset.hasValue()) {
Expected<StringRef> NameOrErr =
terminatedSubstr(DynStr, *DynEnt.SONameOffset);
if (!NameOrErr) {
return appendToError(NameOrErr.takeError(), "when reading DT_SONAME");
}
DestStub->SoName = std::string(*NameOrErr);
}
// Populate NeededLibs from .dynamic entries and dynamic string table.
for (uint64_t NeededStrOffset : DynEnt.NeededLibNames) {
Expected<StringRef> LibNameOrErr =
terminatedSubstr(DynStr, NeededStrOffset);
if (!LibNameOrErr) {
return appendToError(LibNameOrErr.takeError(), "when reading DT_NEEDED");
}
DestStub->NeededLibs.push_back(std::string(*LibNameOrErr));
}
// Populate Symbols from .dynsym table and dynamic string table.
Expected<uint64_t> SymCount = getNumSyms(DynEnt, *ElfFile);
if (!SymCount)
return SymCount.takeError();
if (*SymCount > 0) {
// Get pointer to in-memory location of .dynsym section.
Expected<const uint8_t *> DynSymPtr =
ElfFile->toMappedAddr(DynEnt.DynSymAddr);
if (!DynSymPtr)
return appendToError(DynSymPtr.takeError(),
"when locating .dynsym section contents");
Elf_Sym_Range DynSyms = ArrayRef<Elf_Sym>(
reinterpret_cast<const Elf_Sym *>(*DynSymPtr), *SymCount);
Error SymReadError = populateSymbols<ELFT>(*DestStub, DynSyms, DynStr);
if (SymReadError)
return appendToError(std::move(SymReadError),
"when reading dynamic symbols");
}
return std::move(DestStub);
}
/// This function opens a file for writing and then writes a binary ELF stub to
/// the file.
///
/// @param FilePath File path for writing the ELF binary.
/// @param Stub Source ELFStub to generate a binary ELF stub from.
template <class ELFT>
static Error writeELFBinaryToFile(StringRef FilePath, const ELFStub &Stub) {
ELFStubBuilder<ELFT> Builder{Stub};
Expected<std::unique_ptr<FileOutputBuffer>> BufOrError =
FileOutputBuffer::create(FilePath, Builder.getSize());
if (!BufOrError)
return createStringError(errc::invalid_argument,
toString(BufOrError.takeError()) +
" when trying to open `" + FilePath +
"` for writing");
// Write binary to file.
std::unique_ptr<FileOutputBuffer> Buf = std::move(*BufOrError);
Builder.write(Buf->getBufferStart());
if (Error E = Buf->commit())
return E;
return Error::success();
}
Expected<std::unique_ptr<ELFStub>> readELFFile(MemoryBufferRef Buf) {
Expected<std::unique_ptr<Binary>> BinOrErr = createBinary(Buf);
if (!BinOrErr) {
return BinOrErr.takeError();
}
Binary *Bin = BinOrErr->get();
if (auto Obj = dyn_cast<ELFObjectFile<ELF32LE>>(Bin)) {
return buildStub(*Obj);
} else if (auto Obj = dyn_cast<ELFObjectFile<ELF64LE>>(Bin)) {
return buildStub(*Obj);
} else if (auto Obj = dyn_cast<ELFObjectFile<ELF32BE>>(Bin)) {
return buildStub(*Obj);
} else if (auto Obj = dyn_cast<ELFObjectFile<ELF64BE>>(Bin)) {
return buildStub(*Obj);
}
return createStringError(errc::not_supported, "unsupported binary format");
}
// This function wraps the ELFT writeELFBinaryToFile() so writeBinaryStub()
// can be called without having to use ELFType templates directly.
Error writeBinaryStub(StringRef FilePath, const ELFStub &Stub,
ELFTarget OutputFormat) {
if (OutputFormat == ELFTarget::ELF32LE)
return writeELFBinaryToFile<ELF32LE>(FilePath, Stub);
if (OutputFormat == ELFTarget::ELF32BE)
return writeELFBinaryToFile<ELF32BE>(FilePath, Stub);
if (OutputFormat == ELFTarget::ELF64LE)
return writeELFBinaryToFile<ELF64LE>(FilePath, Stub);
if (OutputFormat == ELFTarget::ELF64BE)
return writeELFBinaryToFile<ELF64BE>(FilePath, Stub);
llvm_unreachable("invalid binary output target");
}
} // end namespace elfabi
} // end namespace llvm
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