The code currently uses __c11_atomic_is_lock_free() to detect whether an
atomic operation is natively supported. However, this can result in a
runtime function call to determine whether the given operation is lock-free
and clang generating a call to e.g. __atomic_load_8 since the branch is
not a constant zero. Since we are implementing those runtime functions, we
must avoid those calls. This patch replaces __c11_atomic_is_lock_free()
with __atomic_always_lock_free() which always results in a compile-time
constant value. This problem was found while compiling atomic.c for MIPS32
since the -Watomic-alignment warning was being triggered and objdump showed
an undefined reference to _atomic_is_lock_free.
In addition to fixing 32-bit platforms this also enables the 16-byte case
that was disabled in r153779 (185f2edd70).
Reviewed By: efriedma
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D86510
1U has type unsigned int, and << of 32 or more is undefined behavior.
Use the proper type in the lhs of the shift.
Reviewed By: cryptoad
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D87973
Can be used to disable interceptor to workaround issues of
non-instrumented code.
Reviewed By: morehouse, eugenis
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D87897
Here "memory initialization" refers to zero- or pattern-init on
non-MTE hardware, or (where possible to avoid) memory tagging on MTE
hardware. With shared TSD the per-thread memory initialization state
is stored in bit 0 of the TLS slot, similar to PointerIntPair in LLVM.
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D87739
Split out of D87120 (memory profiler). Added unit testing of the new
printing facility.
Reviewed By: vitalybuka
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D87792
The test started to consistently fail after unrelated
2ffaa9a173.
Even before the patch it was possible to fail the test,
e.g. -seed=1660180256 on my workstation.
Also this checks do not look related to strcmp.
X86 can use xmm registers for pointers operations. e.g. for std::swap.
I don't know yet if it's possible on other platforms.
NT_X86_XSTATE includes all registers from NT_FPREGSET so
the latter used only if the former is not available. I am not sure how
reasonable to expect that but LLD has such fallback in
NativeRegisterContextLinux_x86_64::ReadFPR.
Reviewed By: morehouse
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D87754
Avoid fallbacking to software emulated compiler atomics, that are usually
provided by libatomic, which is not always present.
This fixes the test on NetBSD, which does not provide libatomic in base.
Reviewed By: vitalybuka
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D87568
On Solaris/x86, several hundred 32-bit tests `FAIL`, all in the same way:
env ASAN_OPTIONS=halt_on_error=false ./halt_on_error_suppress_equal_pcs.cpp.tmp
Segmentation Fault (core dumped)
They segfault during startup:
Thread 2 received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
[Switching to Thread 1 (LWP 1)]
0x080f21f0 in __sanitizer::internal_mmap(void*, unsigned long, int, int, int, unsigned long long) () at /vol/llvm/src/llvm-project/dist/compiler-rt/lib/sanitizer_common/sanitizer_solaris.cpp:65
65 int prot, int flags, int fd, OFF_T offset) {
1: x/i $pc
=> 0x80f21f0 <_ZN11__sanitizer13internal_mmapEPvmiiiy+16>: movaps 0x30(%esp),%xmm0
(gdb) p/x $esp
$3 = 0xfeffd488
The problem is that `movaps` expects 16-byte alignment, while 32-bit Solaris/x86
only guarantees 4-byte alignment following the i386 psABI.
This patch updates `X86Subtarget::initSubtargetFeatures` accordingly,
handles Solaris/x86 in the corresponding testcase, and allows for some
variation in address alignment in
`compiler-rt/test/ubsan/TestCases/TypeCheck/vptr.cpp`.
Tested on `amd64-pc-solaris2.11` and `x86_64-pc-linux-gnu`.
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D87615
Remove RegisterCount and let GetRegistersAndSP to resize buffer as needed.
Reviewed By: morehouse
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D87747
This moves the platform-specific parameter logic from asan into
sanitizer_common so lsan can reuse it.
Patch By: mcgrathr
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D85930
When using a custom mutator (e.g. thrift mutator, similar to LPM)
that calls back into libfuzzer's mutations via `LLVMFuzzerMutate`, the mutation
sequences needed to achieve new coverage can get prohibitively large.
Printing these large sequences has two downsides:
1) It makes the logs hard to understand for a human.
2) The performance cost slows down fuzzing.
In this patch I change the `PrintMutationSequence` function to take a max
number of entries, to achieve this goal. I also update `PrintStatusForNewUnit`
to default to printing only 10 entries, in the default verbosity level (1),
requiring the user to set verbosity to 2 if they want the full mutation
sequence.
For our use case, turning off verbosity is not an option, as that would also
disable `PrintStats()` which is very useful for infrastructure that analyzes
the logs in realtime. I imagine most users of libfuzzer always want those logs
in the default.
I built a fuzzer locally with this patch applied to libfuzzer.
When running with the default verbosity, I see logs like this:
#65 NEW cov: 4799 ft: 10443 corp: 41/1447Kb lim: 64000 exec/s: 1 rss: 575Mb L: 28658/62542 MS: 196 Custom-CrossOver-ChangeBit-EraseBytes-ChangeBit-ChangeBit-ChangeBit-CrossOver-ChangeBit-CrossOver- DE: "\xff\xff\xff\x0e"-"\xfe\xff\xff\x7f"-"\xfe\xff\xff\x7f"-"\x17\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"-"\x00\x00\x00\xf9"-"\xff\xff\xff\xff"-"\xfa\xff\xff\xff"-"\xf7\xff\xff\xff"-"@\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff"-"E\x00"-
#67 NEW cov: 4810 ft: 10462 corp: 42/1486Kb lim: 64000 exec/s: 1 rss: 577Mb L: 39823/62542 MS: 135 Custom-CopyPart-ShuffleBytes-ShuffleBytes-ChangeBit-ChangeBinInt-EraseBytes-ChangeBit-ChangeBinInt-ChangeBit- DE: "\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01\xf1"-"\x00\x00\x00\x07"-"\x00\x0d"-"\xfd\xff\xff\xff"-"\xfe\xff\xff\xf4"-"\xe3\xff\xff\xff"-"\xff\xff\xff\xf1"-"\xea\xff\xff\xff"-"\x00\x00\x00\xfd"-"\x01\x00\x00\x05"-
Staring hard at the logs it's clear that the cap of 10 is applied.
When running with verbosity level 2, the logs look like the below:
#66 NEW cov: 4700 ft: 10188 corp: 37/1186Kb lim: 64000 exec/s: 2 rss: 509Mb L: 47616/61231 MS: 520 Custom-CopyPart-ChangeBinInt-ChangeBit-ChangeByte-EraseBytes-PersAutoDict-CopyPart-ShuffleBytes-ChangeBit-ShuffleBytes-CopyPart-EraseBytes-CopyPart-ChangeBinInt-CopyPart-ChangeByte-ShuffleBytes-ChangeBinInt-ShuffleBytes-ChangeBit-CMP-ShuffleBytes-ChangeBit-CrossOver-ChangeBinInt-ChangeByte-ShuffleBytes-CrossOver-EraseBytes-ChangeBinInt-InsertRepeatedBytes-PersAutoDict-InsertRepeatedBytes-InsertRepeatedBytes-CrossOver-ChangeByte-ShuffleBytes-CopyPart-ShuffleBytes-CopyPart-CrossOver-ChangeBit-ShuffleBytes-CrossOver-PersAutoDict-ChangeByte-ChangeBit-ShuffleBytes-CrossOver-ChangeByte-EraseBytes-CopyPart-ChangeBinInt-PersAutoDict-CrossOver-ShuffleBytes-CrossOver-CrossOver-EraseBytes-CrossOver-EraseBytes-CrossOver-ChangeBit-ChangeBinInt-ChangeByte-EraseBytes-ShuffleBytes-ShuffleBytes-ChangeBit-EraseBytes-ChangeBinInt-ChangeBit-ChangeBinInt-CopyPart-EraseBytes-PersAutoDict-EraseBytes-CopyPart-ChangeBinInt-ChangeByte-CrossOver-ChangeBinInt-ShuffleBytes-PersAutoDict-PersAutoDict-ChangeBinInt-CopyPart-ChangeBinInt-CrossOver-ChangeBit-ChangeBinInt-CopyPart-ChangeByte-ChangeBit-CopyPart-CrossOver-ChangeByte-ChangeBit-ChangeByte-ShuffleBytes-CMP-ChangeBit-CopyPart-ChangeBit-ChangeByte-ChangeBinInt-PersAutoDict-ChangeBinInt-CrossOver-ChangeBinInt-ChangeBit-ChangeBinInt-ChangeBinInt-PersAutoDict-ChangeBinInt-ChangeBinInt-ChangeByte-CopyPart-ShuffleBytes-ChangeByte-ChangeBit-ChangeByte-ChangeByte-EraseBytes-CrossOver-ChangeByte-ChangeByte-EraseBytes-EraseBytes-InsertRepeatedBytes-ShuffleBytes-CopyPart-CopyPart-ChangeBit-ShuffleBytes-PersAutoDict-ShuffleBytes-ChangeBit-ChangeByte-ChangeBit-ShuffleBytes-ChangeByte-ChangeBinInt-CrossOver-ChangeBinInt-ChangeBit-EraseBytes-CopyPart-ChangeByte-CrossOver-EraseBytes-CrossOver-ChangeByte-ShuffleBytes-ChangeByte-ChangeBinInt-CrossOver-ChangeByte-InsertRepeatedBytes-InsertByte-ShuffleBytes-PersAutoDict-ChangeBit-ChangeByte-ChangeBit-ShuffleBytes-ShuffleBytes-CopyPart-ShuffleBytes-EraseBytes-ShuffleBytes-ShuffleBytes-CrossOver-ChangeBinInt-CopyPart-CopyPart-CopyPart-EraseBytes-EraseBytes-ChangeByte-ChangeBinInt-ShuffleBytes-CMP-InsertByte-EraseBytes-ShuffleBytes-CopyPart-ChangeBit-CrossOver-CopyPart-CopyPart-ShuffleBytes-ChangeByte-ChangeByte-ChangeBinInt-EraseBytes-ChangeByte-ChangeBinInt-ChangeBit-ChangeBit-ChangeByte-ShuffleBytes-PersAutoDict-PersAutoDict-CMP-ChangeBit-ShuffleBytes-PersAutoDict-ChangeBinInt-EraseBytes-EraseBytes-ShuffleBytes-ChangeByte-ShuffleBytes-ChangeBit-EraseBytes-CMP-ShuffleBytes-ChangeByte-ChangeBinInt-EraseBytes-ChangeBinInt-ChangeByte-EraseBytes-ChangeByte-CrossOver-ShuffleBytes-EraseBytes-EraseBytes-ShuffleBytes-ChangeBit-EraseBytes-CopyPart-ShuffleBytes-ShuffleBytes-CrossOver-CopyPart-ChangeBinInt-ShuffleBytes-CrossOver-InsertByte-InsertByte-ChangeBinInt-ChangeBinInt-CopyPart-EraseBytes-ShuffleBytes-ChangeBit-ChangeBit-EraseBytes-ChangeByte-ChangeByte-ChangeBinInt-CrossOver-ChangeBinInt-ChangeBinInt-ShuffleBytes-ShuffleBytes-ChangeByte-ChangeByte-ChangeBinInt-ShuffleBytes-CrossOver-EraseBytes-CopyPart-CopyPart-CopyPart-ChangeBit-ShuffleBytes-ChangeByte-EraseBytes-ChangeByte-InsertRepeatedBytes-InsertByte-InsertRepeatedBytes-PersAutoDict-EraseBytes-ShuffleBytes-ChangeByte-ShuffleBytes-ChangeBinInt-ShuffleBytes-ChangeBinInt-ChangeBit-CrossOver-CrossOver-ShuffleBytes-CrossOver-CopyPart-CrossOver-CrossOver-CopyPart-ChangeByte-ChangeByte-CrossOver-ChangeBit-ChangeBinInt-EraseBytes-ShuffleBytes-EraseBytes-CMP-PersAutoDict-PersAutoDict-InsertByte-ChangeBit-ChangeByte-CopyPart-CrossOver-ChangeByte-ChangeBit-ChangeByte-CopyPart-ChangeBinInt-EraseBytes-CrossOver-ChangeBit-CrossOver-PersAutoDict-CrossOver-ChangeByte-CrossOver-ChangeByte-ChangeByte-CrossOver-ShuffleBytes-CopyPart-CopyPart-ShuffleBytes-ChangeByte-ChangeByte-ChangeBinInt-ChangeBinInt-ChangeBinInt-ChangeBinInt-ShuffleBytes-CrossOver-ChangeBinInt-ShuffleBytes-ChangeBit-PersAutoDict-ChangeBinInt-ShuffleBytes-ChangeBinInt-ChangeByte-CrossOver-ChangeBit-CopyPart-ChangeBit-ChangeBit-CopyPart-ChangeByte-PersAutoDict-ChangeBit-ShuffleBytes-ChangeByte-ChangeBit-CrossOver-ChangeByte-CrossOver-ChangeByte-CrossOver-ChangeBit-ChangeByte-ChangeBinInt-PersAutoDict-CopyPart-ChangeBinInt-ChangeBit-CrossOver-ChangeBit-PersAutoDict-ShuffleBytes-EraseBytes-CrossOver-ChangeByte-ChangeBinInt-ShuffleBytes-ChangeBinInt-InsertRepeatedBytes-PersAutoDict-CrossOver-ChangeByte-Custom-PersAutoDict-CopyPart-CopyPart-ChangeBinInt-ShuffleBytes-ChangeBinInt-ChangeBit-ShuffleBytes-CrossOver-CMP-ChangeByte-CopyPart-ShuffleBytes-CopyPart-CopyPart-CrossOver-CrossOver-CrossOver-ShuffleBytes-ChangeByte-ChangeBinInt-ChangeBit-ChangeBit-ChangeBit-ChangeByte-EraseBytes-ChangeByte-ChangeBit-ChangeByte-ChangeByte-CopyPart-PersAutoDict-ChangeBinInt-PersAutoDict-PersAutoDict-PersAutoDict-CopyPart-CopyPart-CrossOver-ChangeByte-ChangeBinInt-ShuffleBytes-ChangeBit-CopyPart-EraseBytes-CopyPart-CopyPart-CrossOver-ChangeByte-EraseBytes-ShuffleBytes-ChangeByte-CopyPart-EraseBytes-CopyPart-CrossOver-ChangeBinInt-ChangeBinInt-InsertByte-ChangeBinInt-ChangeBit-ChangeByte-CopyPart-ChangeByte-EraseBytes-ChangeByte-ChangeBit-ChangeByte-ShuffleBytes-CopyPart-ChangeBinInt-EraseBytes-CrossOver-ChangeBit-ChangeBit-CrossOver-EraseBytes-ChangeBinInt-CopyPart-CopyPart-ChangeBinInt-ChangeBit-EraseBytes-InsertRepeatedBytes-EraseBytes-ChangeBit-CrossOver-CrossOver-EraseBytes-EraseBytes-ChangeByte-CopyPart-CopyPart-ShuffleBytes-ChangeByte-ChangeBit-ChangeByte-EraseBytes-ChangeBit-ChangeByte-ChangeByte-CrossOver-CopyPart-EraseBytes-ChangeByte-EraseBytes-ChangeByte-ShuffleBytes-ShuffleBytes-ChangeByte-CopyPart-ChangeByte-ChangeByte-ChangeBit-CopyPart-ChangeBit-ChangeBinInt-CopyPart-ShuffleBytes-ChangeBit-ChangeBinInt-ChangeBit-EraseBytes-CMP-CrossOver-CopyPart-ChangeBinInt-CrossOver-CrossOver-CopyPart-CrossOver-CrossOver-InsertByte-InsertByte-CopyPart-Custom- DE: "warn"-"\x00\x00\x00\x80"-"\xfe\xff\xff\xfb"-"\xff\xff"-"\x10\x00\x00\x00"-"\xfe\xff\xff\xff"-"\xff\xff\xff\xf6"-"U\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"-"\xd9\xff\xff\xff"-"\xfe\xff\xff\xea"-"\xf0\xff\xff\xff"-"\xfc\xff\xff\xff"-"warn"-"\xff\xff\xff\xff"-"\xfe\xff\xff\xfb"-"\x00\x00\x00\x80"-"\xfe\xff\xff\xf1"-"\xfe\xff\xff\xea"-"\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x012"-"\xe2\x00"-"\xfb\xff\xff\xff"-"\x00\x00\x00\x00"-"\xe9\xff\xff\xff"-"\xff\xff"-"\x00\x00\x00\x80"-"\x01\x00\x04\xc9"-"\xf0\xff\xff\xff"-"\xf9\xff\xff\xff"-"\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x12"-"\xe2\x00"-"\xfe\xff\xff\xff"-"\xfe\xff\xff\xea"-"\xff\xff\xff\xff"-"\xf4\xff\xff\xff"-"\xe9\xff\xff\xff"-"\xf1\xff\xff\xff"-
#48 NEW cov: 4502 ft: 9151 corp: 27/750Kb lim: 64000 exec/s: 2 rss: 458Mb L: 50772/50772 MS: 259 ChangeByte-ShuffleBytes-ChangeBinInt-ChangeByte-ChangeByte-ChangeByte-ChangeByte-ChangeBit-CopyPart-CrossOver-CopyPart-ChangeByte-CrossOver-CopyPart-ChangeBit-ChangeByte-EraseBytes-ChangeByte-CopyPart-CopyPart-CopyPart-ChangeBit-EraseBytes-ChangeBinInt-CrossOver-CopyPart-CrossOver-CopyPart-ChangeBit-ChangeByte-ChangeBit-InsertByte-CrossOver-InsertRepeatedBytes-InsertRepeatedBytes-InsertRepeatedBytes-ChangeBinInt-EraseBytes-InsertRepeatedBytes-InsertByte-ChangeBit-ShuffleBytes-ChangeBit-ChangeBit-CopyPart-ChangeBit-ChangeByte-CrossOver-ChangeBinInt-ChangeByte-CrossOver-CMP-ChangeByte-CrossOver-ChangeByte-ShuffleBytes-ShuffleBytes-ChangeByte-ChangeBinInt-CopyPart-EraseBytes-CrossOver-ChangeBit-ChangeBinInt-InsertByte-ChangeBit-CopyPart-ChangeBinInt-ChangeByte-CrossOver-ChangeBit-EraseBytes-CopyPart-ChangeBinInt-ChangeBit-ChangeBit-ChangeByte-CopyPart-ChangeBinInt-CrossOver-PersAutoDict-ChangeByte-ChangeBit-ChangeByte-ChangeBinInt-ChangeBinInt-EraseBytes-CopyPart-CopyPart-ChangeByte-ChangeByte-EraseBytes-PersAutoDict-CopyPart-ChangeByte-ChangeByte-EraseBytes-CrossOver-CopyPart-CopyPart-CopyPart-ChangeByte-ChangeBit-CMP-CopyPart-ChangeBinInt-ChangeBinInt-CrossOver-ChangeBit-ChangeBit-EraseBytes-ChangeByte-ShuffleBytes-ChangeBit-ChangeBinInt-CMP-InsertRepeatedBytes-CopyPart-Custom-ChangeByte-CrossOver-EraseBytes-ChangeBit-CopyPart-CrossOver-CMP-ShuffleBytes-EraseBytes-CrossOver-PersAutoDict-ChangeByte-CrossOver-CopyPart-CrossOver-CrossOver-ShuffleBytes-ChangeBinInt-CrossOver-ChangeBinInt-ShuffleBytes-PersAutoDict-ChangeByte-EraseBytes-ChangeBit-CrossOver-EraseBytes-CrossOver-ChangeBit-ChangeBinInt-EraseBytes-InsertByte-InsertRepeatedBytes-InsertByte-InsertByte-ChangeByte-ChangeBinInt-ChangeBit-CrossOver-ChangeByte-CrossOver-EraseBytes-ChangeByte-ShuffleBytes-ChangeBit-ChangeBit-ShuffleBytes-CopyPart-ChangeByte-PersAutoDict-ChangeBit-ChangeByte-InsertRepeatedBytes-CMP-CrossOver-ChangeByte-EraseBytes-ShuffleBytes-CrossOver-ShuffleBytes-ChangeBinInt-ChangeBinInt-CopyPart-PersAutoDict-ShuffleBytes-ChangeBit-CopyPart-ShuffleBytes-CopyPart-EraseBytes-ChangeByte-ChangeBit-ChangeBit-ChangeBinInt-ChangeByte-CopyPart-EraseBytes-ChangeBinInt-EraseBytes-EraseBytes-PersAutoDict-CMP-PersAutoDict-CrossOver-CrossOver-ChangeBit-CrossOver-PersAutoDict-CrossOver-CopyPart-ChangeByte-EraseBytes-ChangeByte-ShuffleBytes-ChangeByte-ChangeByte-CrossOver-ChangeBit-EraseBytes-ChangeByte-EraseBytes-ChangeBinInt-CrossOver-CrossOver-EraseBytes-ChangeBinInt-CrossOver-ChangeBit-ShuffleBytes-ChangeBit-ChangeByte-EraseBytes-ChangeBit-CrossOver-CrossOver-CrossOver-ChangeByte-ChangeBit-ShuffleBytes-ChangeBit-ChangeBit-EraseBytes-CrossOver-CrossOver-CopyPart-ShuffleBytes-ChangeByte-ChangeByte-CopyPart-CrossOver-CopyPart-CrossOver-CrossOver-EraseBytes-EraseBytes-ShuffleBytes-InsertRepeatedBytes-ChangeBit-CopyPart-Custom- DE: "\xfe\xff\xff\xfc"-"\x00\x00\x00\x00"-"F\x00"-"\xf3\xff\xff\xff"-"St9exception"-"_\x00\x00\x00"-"\xf6\xff\xff\xff"-"\xfe\xff\xff\xff"-"\x00\x00\x00\x00"-"p\x02\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"-"\xfe\xff\xff\xfb"-"\xff\xff"-"\xff\xff\xff\xff"-"\x01\x00\x00\x07"-"\xfe\xff\xff\xfe"-
These are prohibitively large and of limited value in the default case (when
someone is running the fuzzer, not debugging it), in my opinion.
Reviewed By: morehouse
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D86658
Add the implementation of __isOSVersionAtLeast for Android. Currently,
only the major version is checked against the API level of the platform
which is an integer. The API level is retrieved by reading the system
property ro.build.version.sdk (and optionally ro.build.version.codename
to see if the platform is released or not).
Patch by jiyong@google.com
Bug: 150860940
Bug: 134795810
Test: m
Reviewed By: srhines
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D86596
kAllocBegMagic should be enough.
kAllocBegMagic is already set for the Secondary allocations.
kAllocBegMagic is good enough for the Primary, but it's even safer for
the Secondary allocator as all allocated block are from mmap.
Depends on D87646.
Reviewed By: morehouse
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D87647
Make it atomic.
Wrap it into class.
Set it late after chunk is initialized.
Reset it soon when the chunk is still valid.
Depends on D87645.
Reviewed By: morehouse
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D87646
Before D87643 they where used to optimize UsedSize(). Which was
called frequently from leak scanner.
It was also used for calls from QuarantineCallback
but we have heavy get_allocator().Deallocate call there anyway.
Depends on D87643.
Reviewed By: morehouse
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D87644
Now we have enough space in the ChunkHeader.
45 bit is enough for kMaxAllowedMallocSize.
Depends on D87642.
Reviewed By: morehouse
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D87643
The check that the pointer inside of the user part of the chunk does not
adds any value, but it's the last user of AddrIsInside.
I'd like to simplify AsanChunk in followup patches.
Reviewed By: morehouse
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D87642
If user thread is in the allocator, the allocator
may have no pointer into future user's part of
the allocated block. AddrIsInside ignores such
pointers and lsan reports a false memory leak.
Reviewed By: morehouse
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D87552
gcov is an "Edge Profiling with Edge Counters" application according to
Optimally Profiling and Tracing Programs (1994).
The minimum number of counters necessary is |E|-(|V|-1). The unmeasured edges
form a spanning tree. Both GCC --coverage and clang -fprofile-generate leverage
this optimization. This patch implements the optimization for clang --coverage.
The produced .gcda files are much smaller now.
Alex Richardson