[NFC] This patch fixes URLs containing "master". Old URLs were either broken or
redirecting to the new URL.
Reviewed By: #libc, ldionne, mehdi_amini
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D113186
Similar to D69607 but for archive member extraction unrelated to GC. This patch adds --why-extract=.
Prior art:
GNU ld -M prints
```
Archive member included to satisfy reference by file (symbol)
a.a(a.o) main.o (a)
b.a(b.o) (b())
```
-M is mainly for input section/symbol assignment <-> output section mapping
(often huge output) and the information may appear ad-hoc.
Apple ld64
```
__Z1bv forced load of b.a(b.o)
_a forced load of a.a(a.o)
```
It doesn't say the reference file.
Arm's proprietary linker
```
Selecting member vsnprintf.o(c_wfu.l) to define vsnprintf.
...
Loading member vsnprintf.o from c_wfu.l.
definition: vsnprintf
reference : _printf_a
```
---
--why-extract= gives the user the full data (which is much shorter than GNU ld
-Map). It is easy to track a chain of references to one archive member with a
one-liner, e.g.
```
% ld.lld main.o a_b.a b_c.a c.a -o /dev/null --why-extract=- | tee stdout
reference extracted symbol
main.o a_b.a(a_b.o) a
a_b.a(a_b.o) b_c.a(b_c.o) b()
b_c.a(b_c.o) c.a(c.o) c()
% ruby -ane 'BEGIN{p={}}; p[$F[1]]=[$F[0],$F[2]] if $.>1; END{x="c.a(c.o)"; while y=p[x]; puts "#{y[0]} extracts #{x} to resolve #{y[1]}"; x=y[0] end}' stdout
b_c.a(b_c.o) extracts c.a(c.o) to resolve c()
a_b.a(a_b.o) extracts b_c.a(b_c.o) to resolve b()
main.o extracts a_b.a(a_b.o) to resolve a
```
Archive member extraction happens before --gc-sections, so this may not be a live path
under --gc-sections, but I think it is a good approximation in practice.
* Specifying a file avoids output interleaving with --verbose.
* Required `=` prevents accidental overwrite of an input if the user forgets `=`. (Most of compiler drivers' long options accept `=` but not ` `)
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D109572
This is available in GNU ld 2.35 and can be seen as a shortcut for multiple
--export-dynamic-symbol, or a --dynamic-list variant without the symbolic intention.
In the long term, this option probably should be preferred over --dynamic-list.
Reviewed By: peter.smith
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D107317
This option is a subset of -Bsymbolic-functions. It applies to STB_GLOBAL
STT_FUNC definitions.
The address of a vague linkage function (STB_WEAK STT_FUNC, e.g. an inline
function, a template instantiation) seen by a -Bsymbolic-functions linked
shared object may be different from the address seen from outside the shared
object. Such cases are uncommon. (ELF/Mach-O programs may use
`-fvisibility-inlines-hidden` to break such pointer equality. On Windows,
correct dllexport and dllimport are needed to make pointer equality work.
Windows link.exe enables /OPT:ICF by default so different inline functions may
have the same address.)
```
// a.cc -> a.o -> a.so (-Bsymbolic-functions)
inline void f() {}
void *g() { return (void *)&f; }
// b.cc -> b.o -> exe
// The address is different!
inline void f() {}
```
-Bsymbolic-non-weak-functions is a safer (C++ conforming) subset of
-Bsymbolic-functions, which can make such programs work.
Implementations usually emit a vague linkage definition in a COMDAT group. We
could detect the group (with more code) but I feel that we should just check
STB_WEAK for simplicity. A weak definition will thus serve as an escape hatch
for rare cases when users want interposition on definitions.
GNU ld feature request: https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=27871
Longer write-up: https://maskray.me/blog/2021-05-16-elf-interposition-and-bsymbolic
If Linux distributions migrate to protected non-vague-linkage external linkage
functions by default, the linker option can still be handy because it allows
rapid experiment without recompilation. Protected function addresses currently
have deep issues in GNU ld.
Reviewed By: peter.smith
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D102570
This change revisits https://reviews.llvm.org/D79248 which originally
added support for the --unresolved-symbols flag.
At the time I thought it would make sense to add a third option to this
flag called `import-functions` but it turns out (as was suspects by on
the reviewers IIRC) that this option can be authoganal.
Instead I've added a new option called `--import-undefined` that only
operates on symbols that can be imported (for example, function symbols
can always be imported as opposed to data symbols we can only be
imported when compiling with PIC).
This option gives us the full expresivitiy that emscripten needs to be
able allow reporting of undefined data symbols as well as the option to
disable that.
This change does remove the `--unresolved-symbols=import-functions`
option, which is been in the codebase now for about a year but I would
be extremely surprised if anyone was using it.
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D103290
This implements https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=26404
An `OVERWRITE_SECTIONS` command is a `SECTIONS` variant which contains several
output section descriptions. The output sections do not have specify an order.
Similar to `INSERT [BEFORE|AFTER]`, `LinkerScript::hasSectionsCommand` is not
set, so the built-in rules (see `docs/ELF/linker_script.rst`) still apply.
`OVERWRITE_SECTIONS` can be more convenient than `INSERT` because it does not
need an anchor section.
The initial syntax is intentionally narrow to facilitate backward compatible
extensions in the future. Symbol assignments cannot be used.
This feature is versatile. To list a few usage:
* Use `section : { KEEP(...) }` to retain input sections under GC
* Define encapsulation symbols (start/end) for an output section
* Use `section : ALIGN(...) : { ... }` to overalign an output section (similar to ld64 `-sectalign`)
When an output section is specified by both `OVERWRITE_SECTIONS` and
`INSERT`, `INSERT` is processed after overwrite sections. To make this work,
this patch changes `InsertCommand` to use name based matching instead of pointer
based matching. (This may cause a difference when `INSERT` moves one output
section more than once. Such duplicate commands should not be used in practice
(seems that in GNU ld the output sections may just disappear).)
A linker script can be used without -T/--script. The traditional `SECTIONS`
commands are concatenated, so a wrong rule can be more noticeable from the
section order. This feature if misused can be less noticeable, just like
`INSERT`.
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D103303
This option will be available in GNU ld 2.27 (https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=27834).
This option can cancel previously specified -Bsymbolic and
-Bsymbolic-functions. This is useful for excluding some links when the
default uses -Bsymbolic-functions.
Reviewed By: jhenderson, peter.smith
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D102383
This is a slight improvement to the help text, as I was slightly
surprised when strip-all did more than remove the symbol table.
Currently, we match gold's help text for strip-all and strip-debug.
I think that the GNU documentation for these options is not particularly
clear. However, I have opted to make only a minor change here and keep
the help text similar to gold's as these are mature options that are
well understood.
ld.bfd (https://sourceware.org/binutils/docs/ld/Options.html) has a
similar implication although it defines strip-debug as a subset of
strip-all. However, felt that noting that strip-all implies strip-debug
is better; because, with the ld.bfd approach you have to read both the
--strip-debug and the --strip-all help text to understand the behaviour
of --strip-all (and the --strip-all help text doesn't indicate that he
--strip-debug help text is related).
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D101890
`--shuffle-sections=<seed>` applies to all sections. The new
`--shuffle-sections=<section-glob>=<seed>` makes shuffling selective. To the
best of my knowledge, the option is only used as debugging, so just drop the
original form.
`--shuffle-sections '.init_array*=-1'` `--shuffle-sections '.fini_array*=-1'`.
reverses static constructors/destructors of the same priority.
Useful to detect some static initialization order fiasco.
`--shuffle-sections '.data*=-1'`
reverses `.data*` sections. Useful to detect unfunded pointer comparison results
of two unrelated objects.
If certain sections have an intrinsic order, the old form cannot be used.
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D98679
If the number of sections changes, which is common for re-links after
incremental updates, the section order may change drastically.
Special case -1 to reverse input sections. This is a stable transform.
The section order is more resilient to incremental updates. Usually the
code issue (e.g. Static Initialization Order Fiasco, assuming pointer
comparison result of two unrelated objects) is due to the relative order
between two problematic input files A and B. Checking the regular order
and the reversed order is sufficient.
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D98445
For one metadata section usage, each text section references a metadata section.
The metadata sections have a C identifier name to allow the runtime to collect them via `__start_/__stop_` symbols.
Since `__start_`/`__stop_` references are always present from live sections, the
C identifier name sections appear like GC roots, which means they cannot be
discarded by `ld --gc-sections`.
To make such sections GCable, either SHF_LINK_ORDER or a section group is needed.
SHF_LINK_ORDER is not suitable for the references can be inlined into other functions
(See D97430:
Function A (in the section .text.A) references its `__sancov_guard` section.
Function B inlines A (so now .text.B references `__sancov_guard` - this is invalid with the semantics of SHF_LINK_ORDER).
In the linking stage,
if `.text.A` gets discarded, and `__sancov_guard` is retained via the reference from `.text.B`,
the output will be invalid because `__sancov_guard` references the discarded `.text.A`.
LLD errors "sh_link points to discarded section".
)
A section group have size overhead, and is cumbersome when there is just one metadata section.
Add `-z start-stop-gc` to drop the "__start_/__stop_ references retain
non-SHF_LINK_ORDER non-SHF_GROUP C identifier name sections" rule.
We reserve the rights to switch the default in the future.
Reviewed By: phosek, jrtc27
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D96914
If foo is referenced in any object file, bitcode file or shared object,
`__wrap_foo` should be retained as the redirection target of sym
(f96ff3c0f8).
If the object file defining foo has foo references, we cannot easily distinguish
the case from cases where foo is not referenced (we haven't scanned
relocations). Retain `__wrap_foo` because we choose to wrap sym references
regardless of whether sym is defined to keep non-LTO/LTO/relocatable links' behaviors similar
https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=26358 .
If foo is defined in a shared object, `__wrap_foo` can still be omitted
(`wrap-dynamic-undef.s`).
Reviewed By: andrewng
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D95152
This patch changes the archive handling to enable the semantics needed
for legacy FORTRAN common blocks and block data. When we have a COMMON
definition of a symbol and are including an archive, LLD will now
search the members for global/weak defintions to override the COMMON
symbol. The previous LLD behavior (where a member would only be included
if it satisifed some other needed symbol definition) can be re-enabled with the
option '-no-fortran-common'.
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D86142
This is a more full featured version of ``--allow-undefined``.
The semantics of the different methods are as follows:
report-all:
Report all unresolved symbols. This is the default. Normally the
linker will generate an error message for each reported unresolved
symbol but the option ``--warn-unresolved-symbols`` can change this
to a warning.
ignore-all:
Resolve all undefined symbols to zero. For data and function
addresses this is trivial. For direct function calls, the linker
will generate a trapping stub function in place of the undefined
function.
import-functions:
Generate WebAssembly imports for any undefined functions. Undefined
data symbols are resolved to zero as in `ignore-all`. This
corresponds to the legacy ``--allow-undefined`` flag.
The plan is to followup with a new mode called `import-dynamic` which
allows for statically linked binaries to refer to both data and
functions symbols from the embedder.
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D79248
Make it possible for lld users to provide a custom script that would help to
find missing libraries. A possible scenario could be:
% clang /tmp/a.c -fuse-ld=lld -loauth -Wl,--error-handling-script=/tmp/addLibrary.py
unable to find library -loauth
looking for relevant packages to provides that library
liboauth-0.9.7-4.el7.i686
liboauth-devel-0.9.7-4.el7.i686
liboauth-0.9.7-4.el7.x86_64
liboauth-devel-0.9.7-4.el7.x86_64
pix-1.6.1-3.el7.x86_64
Where addLibrary would be called with the missing library name as first argument
(in that case addLibrary.py oauth)
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D87758
In particular allow explict exporting of `__stack_pointer` but
exclud this from `--export-all` to avoid requiring the mutable
globals feature whenenve `--export-all` is used.
This uncovered a bug in populateTargetFeatures regarding checking
if the mutable-globals feature is allowed.
See: https://github.com/WebAssembly/binaryen/issues/2934
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D88506
PR46970: for `alias = aliasee`, the alias can be used in relocation processing
and on ARM st_type does affect Thumb interworking. It is thus desirable for the
alias to get the same st_type.
Note that the st_size field should not be inherited because some tools use
st_size=0 as a heuristic to detect aliases. Retaining st_size can thwart such
heuristics and cause aliases to be preferred over the original symbols.
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D86263
Otherwise the docs-lld-html target fails to build using recent Sphinx
with the following not very helpful error message:
An error happened in rendering the page index.
Reason: TemplateNotFound()
It turns out the values in the html_sidebars dictionary always need to be lists
now. See https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/issues/6186
... to customize the tombstone value we use for an absolute relocation
referencing a discarded symbol. This can be used as a workaround when
some debug processing tool has trouble with current -1 tombstone value
(https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=1102223#c11 )
For example, to get the current built-in rules (not considering the .debug_line special case for ICF):
```
-z dead-reloc-in-nonalloc='.debug_*=0xffffffffffffffff'
-z dead-reloc-in-nonalloc=.debug_loc=0xfffffffffffffffe
-z dead-reloc-in-nonalloc=.debug_ranges=0xfffffffffffffffe
```
To get GNU ld (as of binutils 2.35)'s behavior:
```
-z dead-reloc-in-nonalloc='*=0'
-z dead-reloc-in-nonalloc=.debug_ranges=1
```
This option has other use cases. For example, if we want to check
whether a non-SHF_ALLOC section has dead relocations.
With this patch, we can run a regular LLD and run another with a special
-z dead-reloc-in-nonalloc=, then compare their output.
Reviewed By: thakis
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D83264
In GNU ld, --no-relax can disable x86-64 GOTPCRELX relaxation.
It is not useful, so we don't implement it.
For RISC-V, --no-relax disables linker relaxations which have larger
impact.
Linux kernel specifies --no-relax when CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE is specified
(since http://git.kernel.org/linus/a1d2a6b4cee858a2f27eebce731fbf1dfd72cb4e ).
LLD has not implemented the relaxations, so this option is a no-op.
Reviewed By: grimar
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D81359
If neither AT(lma) nor AT>lma_region is specified,
D76995 keeps `lmaOffset` (LMA - VMA) if the previous section is in the
default LMA region.
This patch additionally checks that the two sections are in the same
memory region.
Add a test case derived from https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=45313
.mdata : AT(0xfb01000) { *(.data); } > TCM
// It is odd to make .bss inherit lmaOffset, because the two sections
// are in different memory regions.
.bss : { *(.bss) } > DDR
With this patch, section VMA/LMA match GNU ld. Note, GNU ld supports
out-of-order (w.r.t sh_offset) sections and places .text and .bss in the
same PT_LOAD. We don't have that behavior.
Reviewed By: grimar
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D81986
GNU ld from binutils 2.35 onwards will likely support
--export-dynamic-symbol but with different semantics.
https://sourceware.org/pipermail/binutils/2020-May/111302.html
Differences:
1. -export-dynamic-symbol is not supported
2. --export-dynamic-symbol takes a glob argument
3. --export-dynamic-symbol can suppress binding the references to the definition within the shared object if (-Bsymbolic or -Bsymbolic-functions)
4. --export-dynamic-symbol does not imply -u
I don't think the first three points can affect any user.
For the fourth point, Not implying -u can lead to some archive members unfetched.
Add -u foo to restore the previous behavior.
Exact semantics:
* -no-pie or -pie: matched non-local defined symbols will be added to the dynamic symbol table.
* -shared: matched non-local STV_DEFAULT symbols will not be bound to definitions within the shared object
even if they would otherwise be due to -Bsymbolic, -Bsymbolic-functions, or --dynamic-list.
Reviewed By: psmith
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D80487
LLD supports both REL and RELA for static relocations, but emits either
of REL and RELA for dynamic relocations. The relocation entry format is
specified by each psABI.
musl ld.so supports both REL and RELA. For such ld.so implementations,
REL (.rel.dyn .rel.plt) has size benefits even if the psABI chooses RELA:
sizeof(Elf64_Rel)=16 < sizeof(Elf64_Rela)=24.
* COPY, GLOB_DAT and J[U]MP_SLOT always have 0 addend. A ld.so
implementation does not need to read the implicit addend.
REL is strictly better.
* A RELATIVE has a non-zero addend. Such relocations can be packed
compactly with the RELR relocation entry format, which is out of scope
of this patch.
* For other dynamic relocation types (e.g. symbolic relocation R_X86_64_64),
a ld.so implementation needs to read the implicit addend. REL may have
minor performance impact, because reading implicit addends forces
random access reads instead of being able to blast out a bunch of
writes while chasing the relocation array.
This patch adds -z rel and -z rela to change the relocation entry format
for dynamic relocations. I have tested that a -z rel produced x86-64
executable works with musl ld.so
-z rela may be useful for debugging purposes on processors whose psABIs
specify REL as the canonical format: addends can be easily read by a tool.
Reviewed By: grimar, mcgrathr
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D80496
gold has an option --print-symbol-counts= which prints:
// For each archive
archive $archive $members $fetched_members
// For each object file
symbols $object $defined_symbols $used_defined_symbols
In most cases, `$defined_symbols = $used_defined_symbols` unless weak
symbols are present. Strangely `$used_defined_symbols` includes symbols defined relative to --gc-sections discarded sections.
The `symbols` lines do not appear to be useful.
`archive` lines are useful: `$fetched_members=0` lines correspond to
unused archives. The information can be used to trim dependencies.
This patch implements --print-archive-stats= which prints the number of
members and the number of fetched members for each archive.
Reviewed By: grimar
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D78983
D77522 changed --warn-backrefs to not warn for linking sandwich
problems (-ldef1 -lref -ldef2). This removed lots of false positives.
However, glibc still has some problems. libc.a defines some symbols
which are normally in libm.a and libpthread.a, e.g. __isnanl/raise.
For a linking order `-lm -lpthread -lc`, I have seen:
```
// different resolutions: GNU ld/gold select libc.a(s_isnan.o) as the definition
backward reference detected: __isnanl in libc.a(printf_fp.o) refers to libm.a(m_isnanl.o)
// different resolutions: GNU ld/gold select libc.a(raise.o) as the definition
backward reference detected: raise in libc.a(abort.o) refers to libpthread.a(pt-raise.o)
```
To facilitate deployment of --warn-backrefs, add --warn-backrefs-exclude= so that
certain known issues (which may be impractical to fix) can be whitelisted.
Deliberate choices:
* Not a comma-separated list (`--warn-backrefs-exclude=liba.a,libb.a`).
-Wl, splits the argument at commas, so we cannot use commas.
--export-dynamic-symbol is similar.
* Not in the style of `--warn-backrefs='*' --warn-backrefs=-liba.a`.
We just need exclusion, not inclusion. For easier build system
integration, we should avoid order dependency. With the current
scheme, we enable --warn-backrefs, and indivial libraries can add
--warn-backrefs-exclude=<glob> to their LDFLAGS.
Reviewed By: psmith
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D77512
--no-threads is a name copied from gold.
gold has --no-thread, --thread-count and several other --thread-count-*.
There are needs to customize the number of threads (running several lld
processes concurrently or customizing the number of LTO threads).
Having a single --threads=N is a straightforward replacement of gold's
--no-threads + --thread-count.
--no-threads is used rarely. So just delete --no-threads instead of
keeping it for compatibility for a while.
If --threads= is specified (ELF,wasm; COFF /threads: is similar),
--thinlto-jobs= defaults to --threads=,
otherwise all available hardware threads are used.
There is currently no way to override a --threads={1,2,...}. It is still
a debate whether we should use --threads=all.
Reviewed By: rnk, aganea
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D76885
See `docs/ELF/linker_script.rst` for the new computation for sh_addr and sh_addralign.
`ALIGN(section_align)` now means: "increase alignment to section_align"
(like yet another input section requirement).
The "start of section .foo changes from 0x11 to 0x20" warning no longer
makes sense. Change it to warn if sh_addr%sh_addralign!=0.
To decrease the alignment from the default max_input_align,
use `.output ALIGN(8) : {}` instead of `.output : ALIGN(8) {}`
See linkerscript/section-address-align.test as an example.
When both an output section address and ALIGN are set (can be seen as an
"undefined behavior" https://sourceware.org/ml/binutils/2020-03/msg00115.html),
lld may align more than GNU ld, but it makes a linker script working
with GNU ld hard to break with lld.
This patch can be considered as restoring part of the behavior before D74736.
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D75724
LLD implements Linker Scripts as they are described in the GNU ld manual.
This description is far from a specification, with the only true reference
the GNU ld implementation, which has undocumented behaviour that can vary
from release to release.
To make it easy for people to switch between linkers we try to follow GNU
ld implementation details wherever possible. We reserve the right to make
our own decisions where the undocumented GNU ld behaviour is not
appropriate for LLD. We don't have a place to document these decisions and
it can be difficult for users to find out this information.
This file is a statement of the LLD implementation policy and will contain
intentional deviations from GNU ld.
The first patch that will add concrete details to this file is D75724
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D75921
Summary:
Places orphan sections into a unique output section. This prevents the merging of orphan sections of the same name.
Matches behaviour of GNU ld --unique. --unique=pattern is not implemented.
Motivated user case shown in the test has 2 local symbols as they would appear if C++ source has been compiled with -ffunction-sections. The merging of these sections in the case of a partial link (-r) may limit the effectiveness of -gc-sections of a subsequent link.
Reviewers: espindola, jhenderson, bd1976llvm, edd, andrewng, JonChesterfield, MaskRay, grimar, ruiu, psmith
Reviewed By: MaskRay, grimar
Subscribers: emaste, arichardson, MaskRay, llvm-commits
Tags: #llvm
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D75536
Quinn Pham