Previously we implemented non-standard disambiguation rules to
distinguish an enum-base from a bit-field but otherwise treated a :
after an elaborated-enum-specifier as introducing an enum-base. That
misparses various examples (anywhere an elaborated-type-specifier can
appear followed by a colon, such as within a ternary operator or
_Generic).
We now implement the C++11 rules, with the old cases accepted as
extensions where that seemed reasonable. These amount to:
* an enum-base must always be accompanied by an enum definition (except
in a standalone declaration of the form 'enum E : T;')
* in a member-declaration, 'enum E :' always introduces an enum-base,
never a bit-field
* in a type-specifier (or similar context), 'enum E :' is not
permitted; the colon means whatever else it would mean in that
context.
Fixed underlying types for enums are also permitted in Objective-C and
under MS extensions, plus as a language extension in all other modes.
The behavior in ObjC and MS extensions modes is unchanged (but the
bit-field disambiguation is a bit better); remaining language modes
follow the C++11 rules.
Fixes PR45726, PR39979, PR19810, PR44941, and most of PR24297, plus C++
core issues 1514 and 1966.
Richard Smith