[clang][dataflow] Add transfer functions for logical and, or, not.

This is part of the implementation of the dataflow analysis framework.
See "[RFC] A dataflow analysis framework for Clang AST" on cfe-dev.

Reviewed-by: xazax.hun

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D119953

clang/include/clang/Analysis/FlowSensitive/DataflowAnalysisContext.h

@@ -34,8 +34,8 @@ namespace dataflow {
 class DataflowAnalysisContext {
 public:
   DataflowAnalysisContext()
-      : TrueVal(&takeOwnership(std::make_unique<BoolValue>())),
-        FalseVal(&takeOwnership(std::make_unique<BoolValue>())) {}
+      : TrueVal(takeOwnership(std::make_unique<AtomicBoolValue>())),
+        FalseVal(takeOwnership(std::make_unique<AtomicBoolValue>())) {}
 
   /// Takes ownership of `Loc` and returns a reference to it.
   ///
@@ -115,8 +115,8 @@ public:
 
   /// Returns a symbolic boolean value that models a boolean literal equal to
   /// `Value`.
-  BoolValue &getBoolLiteralValue(bool Value) const {
-    return Value ? *TrueVal : *FalseVal;
+  AtomicBoolValue &getBoolLiteralValue(bool Value) const {
+    return Value ? TrueVal : FalseVal;
   }
 
 private:
@@ -135,8 +135,8 @@ private:
   StorageLocation *ThisPointeeLoc = nullptr;
 
   // FIXME: Add support for boolean expressions.
-  BoolValue *TrueVal;
-  BoolValue *FalseVal;
+  AtomicBoolValue &TrueVal;
+  AtomicBoolValue &FalseVal;
 };
 
 } // namespace dataflow

clang/include/clang/Analysis/FlowSensitive/DataflowEnvironment.h

@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ public:
 
   /// Returns a symbolic boolean value that models a boolean literal equal to
   /// `Value`
-  BoolValue &getBoolLiteralValue(bool Value) const {
+  AtomicBoolValue &getBoolLiteralValue(bool Value) const {
     return DACtx->getBoolLiteralValue(Value);
   }
 

clang/include/clang/Analysis/FlowSensitive/Transfer.h

@@ -20,12 +20,23 @@
 namespace clang {
 namespace dataflow {
 
+/// Maps statements to the environments of basic blocks that contain them.
+class StmtToEnvMap {
+public:
+  virtual ~StmtToEnvMap() = default;
+
+  /// Returns the environment of the basic block that contains `S` or nullptr if
+  /// there isn't one.
+  /// FIXME: Ensure that the result can't be null and return a const reference.
+  virtual const Environment *getEnvironment(const Stmt &S) const = 0;
+};
+
 /// Evaluates `S` and updates `Env` accordingly.
 ///
 /// Requirements:
 ///
 ///  The type of `S` must not be `ParenExpr`.
-void transfer(const Stmt &S, Environment &Env);
+void transfer(const StmtToEnvMap &StmtToEnv, const Stmt &S, Environment &Env);
 
 } // namespace dataflow
 } // namespace clang

clang/include/clang/Analysis/FlowSensitive/Value.h

@@ -28,7 +28,19 @@ namespace dataflow {
 /// Base class for all values computed by abstract interpretation.
 class Value {
 public:
-  enum class Kind { Bool, Integer, Reference, Pointer, Struct };
+  enum class Kind {
+    Integer,
+    Reference,
+    Pointer,
+    Struct,
+
+    // Synthetic boolean values are either atomic values or composites that
+    // represent conjunctions, disjunctions, and negations.
+    AtomicBool,
+    Conjunction,
+    Disjunction,
+    Negation
+  };
 
   explicit Value(Kind ValKind) : ValKind(ValKind) {}
 
@@ -43,9 +55,88 @@ private:
 /// Models a boolean.
 class BoolValue : public Value {
 public:
-  explicit BoolValue() : Value(Kind::Bool) {}
+  explicit BoolValue(Kind ValueKind) : Value(ValueKind) {}
 
-  static bool classof(const Value *Val) { return Val->getKind() == Kind::Bool; }
+  static bool classof(const Value *Val) {
+    return Val->getKind() == Kind::AtomicBool ||
+           Val->getKind() == Kind::Conjunction ||
+           Val->getKind() == Kind::Disjunction ||
+           Val->getKind() == Kind::Negation;
+  }
+};
+
+/// Models an atomic boolean.
+class AtomicBoolValue : public BoolValue {
+public:
+  explicit AtomicBoolValue() : BoolValue(Kind::AtomicBool) {}
+
+  static bool classof(const Value *Val) {
+    return Val->getKind() == Kind::AtomicBool;
+  }
+};
+
+/// Models a boolean conjunction.
+// FIXME: Consider representing binary and unary boolean operations similar
+// to how they are represented in the AST. This might become more pressing
+// when such operations need to be added for other data types.
+class ConjunctionValue : public BoolValue {
+public:
+  explicit ConjunctionValue(BoolValue &LeftSubVal, BoolValue &RightSubVal)
+      : BoolValue(Kind::Conjunction), LeftSubVal(LeftSubVal),
+        RightSubVal(RightSubVal) {}
+
+  static bool classof(const Value *Val) {
+    return Val->getKind() == Kind::Conjunction;
+  }
+
+  /// Returns the left sub-value of the conjunction.
+  BoolValue &getLeftSubValue() const { return LeftSubVal; }
+
+  /// Returns the right sub-value of the conjunction.
+  BoolValue &getRightSubValue() const { return RightSubVal; }
+
+private:
+  BoolValue &LeftSubVal;
+  BoolValue &RightSubVal;
+};
+
+/// Models a boolean disjunction.
+class DisjunctionValue : public BoolValue {
+public:
+  explicit DisjunctionValue(BoolValue &LeftSubVal, BoolValue &RightSubVal)
+      : BoolValue(Kind::Disjunction), LeftSubVal(LeftSubVal),
+        RightSubVal(RightSubVal) {}
+
+  static bool classof(const Value *Val) {
+    return Val->getKind() == Kind::Disjunction;
+  }
+
+  /// Returns the left sub-value of the disjunction.
+  BoolValue &getLeftSubValue() const { return LeftSubVal; }
+
+  /// Returns the right sub-value of the disjunction.
+  BoolValue &getRightSubValue() const { return RightSubVal; }
+
+private:
+  BoolValue &LeftSubVal;
+  BoolValue &RightSubVal;
+};
+
+/// Models a boolean negation.
+class NegationValue : public BoolValue {
+public:
+  explicit NegationValue(BoolValue &SubVal)
+      : BoolValue(Kind::Negation), SubVal(SubVal) {}
+
+  static bool classof(const Value *Val) {
+    return Val->getKind() == Kind::Negation;
+  }
+
+  /// Returns the sub-value of the negation.
+  BoolValue &getSubVal() const { return SubVal; }
+
+private:
+  BoolValue &SubVal;
 };
 
 /// Models an integer.

clang/lib/Analysis/FlowSensitive/Transfer.cpp

@@ -39,10 +39,12 @@ static const Expr *skipExprWithCleanups(const Expr *E) {
 
 class TransferVisitor : public ConstStmtVisitor<TransferVisitor> {
 public:
-  TransferVisitor(Environment &Env) : Env(Env) {}
+  TransferVisitor(const StmtToEnvMap &StmtToEnv, Environment &Env)
+      : StmtToEnv(StmtToEnv), Env(Env) {}
 
   void VisitBinaryOperator(const BinaryOperator *S) {
-    if (S->getOpcode() == BO_Assign) {
+    switch (S->getOpcode()) {
+    case BO_Assign: {
       // The CFG does not contain `ParenExpr` as top-level statements in basic
       // blocks, however sub-expressions can still be of that type.
       assert(S->getLHS() != nullptr);
@@ -51,7 +53,7 @@ public:
       assert(LHS != nullptr);
       auto *LHSLoc = Env.getStorageLocation(*LHS, SkipPast::Reference);
       if (LHSLoc == nullptr)
-        return;
+        break;
 
       // The CFG does not contain `ParenExpr` as top-level statements in basic
       // blocks, however sub-expressions can still be of that type.
@@ -61,15 +63,57 @@ public:
       assert(RHS != nullptr);
       Value *RHSVal = Env.getValue(*RHS, SkipPast::Reference);
       if (RHSVal == nullptr)
-        return;
+        break;
 
       // Assign a value to the storage location of the left-hand side.
       Env.setValue(*LHSLoc, *RHSVal);
 
       // Assign a storage location for the whole expression.
       Env.setStorageLocation(*S, *LHSLoc);
+      break;
     }
+    case BO_LAnd:
+    case BO_LOr: {
+      const Expr *LHS = S->getLHS();
+      assert(LHS != nullptr);
+
+      const Expr *RHS = S->getRHS();
+      assert(RHS != nullptr);
+
+      BoolValue *LHSVal =
+          dyn_cast_or_null<BoolValue>(Env.getValue(*LHS, SkipPast::Reference));
+
+      // `RHS` and `S` might be part of different basic blocks. We need to
+      // access their values from the corresponding environments.
+      BoolValue *RHSVal = nullptr;
+      const Environment *RHSEnv = StmtToEnv.getEnvironment(*RHS);
+      if (RHSEnv != nullptr)
+        RHSVal = dyn_cast_or_null<BoolValue>(
+            RHSEnv->getValue(*RHS, SkipPast::Reference));
+
+      // Create fresh values for unknown boolean expressions.
+      // FIXME: Consider providing a `GetOrCreateFresh` util in case this style
+      // is expected to be common or make sure that all expressions are assigned
+      // values and drop this.
+      if (LHSVal == nullptr)
+        LHSVal = &Env.takeOwnership(std::make_unique<AtomicBoolValue>());
+      if (RHSVal == nullptr)
+        RHSVal = &Env.takeOwnership(std::make_unique<AtomicBoolValue>());
+
+      auto &Loc = Env.createStorageLocation(*S);
+      Env.setStorageLocation(*S, Loc);
+      if (S->getOpcode() == BO_LAnd)
+        Env.setValue(Loc, Env.takeOwnership(std::make_unique<ConjunctionValue>(
+                              *LHSVal, *RHSVal)));
+      else
+        Env.setValue(Loc, Env.takeOwnership(std::make_unique<DisjunctionValue>(
+                              *LHSVal, *RHSVal)));
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
       // FIXME: Add support for BO_EQ, BO_NE.
+      break;
+    }
   }
 
   void VisitDeclRefExpr(const DeclRefExpr *S) {
@@ -212,8 +256,18 @@ public:
       Env.setValue(PointerLoc, PointerVal);
       break;
     }
+    case UO_LNot: {
+      auto *SubExprVal =
+          dyn_cast_or_null<BoolValue>(Env.getValue(*SubExpr, SkipPast::None));
+      if (SubExprVal == nullptr)
+        return;
+
+      auto &ExprLoc = Env.createStorageLocation(*S);
+      Env.setStorageLocation(*S, ExprLoc);
+      Env.setValue(ExprLoc, Env.takeOwnership(
+                                std::make_unique<NegationValue>(*SubExprVal)));
+    }
     default:
-      // FIXME: Add support for UO_LNot.
       break;
     }
   }
@@ -450,12 +504,13 @@ public:
   }
 
 private:
+  const StmtToEnvMap &StmtToEnv;
   Environment &Env;
 };
 
-void transfer(const Stmt &S, Environment &Env) {
+void transfer(const StmtToEnvMap &StmtToEnv, const Stmt &S, Environment &Env) {
   assert(!isa<ParenExpr>(&S));
-  TransferVisitor(Env).Visit(&S);
+  TransferVisitor(StmtToEnv, Env).Visit(&S);
 }
 
 } // namespace dataflow

clang/lib/Analysis/FlowSensitive/TypeErasedDataflowAnalysis.cpp

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "clang/Analysis/FlowSensitive/Transfer.h"
 #include "clang/Analysis/FlowSensitive/TypeErasedDataflowAnalysis.h"
 #include "clang/Analysis/FlowSensitive/Value.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/ArrayRef.h"
 #include "llvm/ADT/DenseSet.h"
 #include "llvm/ADT/None.h"
 #include "llvm/ADT/Optional.h"
@@ -32,6 +33,27 @@
 namespace clang {
 namespace dataflow {
 
+class StmtToEnvMapImpl : public StmtToEnvMap {
+public:
+  StmtToEnvMapImpl(
+      const ControlFlowContext &CFCtx,
+      llvm::ArrayRef<llvm::Optional<TypeErasedDataflowAnalysisState>>
+          BlockToState)
+      : CFCtx(CFCtx), BlockToState(BlockToState) {}
+
+  const Environment *getEnvironment(const Stmt &S) const override {
+    auto BlockIT = CFCtx.getStmtToBlock().find(&S);
+    assert(BlockIT != CFCtx.getStmtToBlock().end());
+    const auto &State = BlockToState[BlockIT->getSecond()->getBlockID()];
+    assert(State.hasValue());
+    return &State.getValue().Env;
+  }
+
+private:
+  const ControlFlowContext &CFCtx;
+  llvm::ArrayRef<llvm::Optional<TypeErasedDataflowAnalysisState>> BlockToState;
+};
+
 /// Computes the input state for a given basic block by joining the output
 /// states of its predecessors.
 ///
@@ -42,7 +64,7 @@ namespace dataflow {
 ///   `llvm::None` represent basic blocks that are not evaluated yet.
 static TypeErasedDataflowAnalysisState computeBlockInputState(
     const ControlFlowContext &CFCtx,
-    std::vector<llvm::Optional<TypeErasedDataflowAnalysisState>> &BlockStates,
+    llvm::ArrayRef<llvm::Optional<TypeErasedDataflowAnalysisState>> BlockStates,
     const CFGBlock &Block, const Environment &InitEnv,
     TypeErasedDataflowAnalysis &Analysis) {
   llvm::DenseSet<const CFGBlock *> Preds;
@@ -111,8 +133,10 @@ static TypeErasedDataflowAnalysisState computeBlockInputState(
 /// Transfers `State` by evaluating `CfgStmt` in the context of `Analysis`.
 /// `HandleTransferredStmt` (if provided) will be applied to `CfgStmt`, after it
 /// is evaluated.
-static void
-transferCFGStmt(const CFGStmt &CfgStmt, TypeErasedDataflowAnalysis &Analysis,
+static void transferCFGStmt(
+    const ControlFlowContext &CFCtx,
+    llvm::ArrayRef<llvm::Optional<TypeErasedDataflowAnalysisState>> BlockStates,
+    const CFGStmt &CfgStmt, TypeErasedDataflowAnalysis &Analysis,
     TypeErasedDataflowAnalysisState &State,
     std::function<void(const CFGStmt &,
                        const TypeErasedDataflowAnalysisState &)>
@@ -121,7 +145,7 @@ transferCFGStmt(const CFGStmt &CfgStmt, TypeErasedDataflowAnalysis &Analysis,
   assert(S != nullptr);
 
   if (Analysis.applyBuiltinTransfer())
-    transfer(*S, State.Env);
+    transfer(StmtToEnvMapImpl(CFCtx, BlockStates), *S, State.Env);
   Analysis.transferTypeErased(S, State.Lattice, State.Env);
 
   if (HandleTransferredStmt != nullptr)
@@ -176,8 +200,8 @@ TypeErasedDataflowAnalysisState transferBlock(
   for (const CFGElement &Element : Block) {
     switch (Element.getKind()) {
     case CFGElement::Statement:
-      transferCFGStmt(*Element.getAs<CFGStmt>(), Analysis, State,
-                      HandleTransferredStmt);
+      transferCFGStmt(CFCtx, BlockStates, *Element.getAs<CFGStmt>(), Analysis,
+                      State, HandleTransferredStmt);
       break;
     case CFGElement::Initializer:
       if (Analysis.applyBuiltinTransfer())

clang/unittests/Analysis/FlowSensitive/TransferTest.cpp

@@ -2006,6 +2006,42 @@ TEST_F(TransferTest, AssignFromBoolLiteral) {
       // [[p]]
     }
   )";
+  runDataflow(Code,
+              [](llvm::ArrayRef<
+                     std::pair<std::string, DataflowAnalysisState<NoopLattice>>>
+                     Results,
+                 ASTContext &ASTCtx) {
+                ASSERT_THAT(Results, ElementsAre(Pair("p", _)));
+                const Environment &Env = Results[0].second.Env;
+
+                const ValueDecl *FooDecl = findValueDecl(ASTCtx, "Foo");
+                ASSERT_THAT(FooDecl, NotNull());
+
+                const auto *FooVal = dyn_cast_or_null<AtomicBoolValue>(
+                    Env.getValue(*FooDecl, SkipPast::None));
+                ASSERT_THAT(FooVal, NotNull());
+
+                const ValueDecl *BarDecl = findValueDecl(ASTCtx, "Bar");
+                ASSERT_THAT(BarDecl, NotNull());
+
+                const auto *BarVal = dyn_cast_or_null<AtomicBoolValue>(
+                    Env.getValue(*BarDecl, SkipPast::None));
+                ASSERT_THAT(BarVal, NotNull());
+
+                EXPECT_EQ(FooVal, &Env.getBoolLiteralValue(true));
+                EXPECT_EQ(BarVal, &Env.getBoolLiteralValue(false));
+              });
+}
+
+TEST_F(TransferTest, AssignFromBoolConjunction) {
+  std::string Code = R"(
+    void target() {
+      bool Foo = true;
+      bool Bar = true;
+      bool Baz = (Foo) && (Bar);
+      // [[p]]
+    }
+  )";
   runDataflow(
       Code, [](llvm::ArrayRef<
                    std::pair<std::string, DataflowAnalysisState<NoopLattice>>>
@@ -2028,8 +2064,92 @@ TEST_F(TransferTest, AssignFromBoolLiteral) {
             dyn_cast_or_null<BoolValue>(Env.getValue(*BarDecl, SkipPast::None));
         ASSERT_THAT(BarVal, NotNull());
 
-        EXPECT_EQ(FooVal, &Env.getBoolLiteralValue(true));
-        EXPECT_EQ(BarVal, &Env.getBoolLiteralValue(false));
+        const ValueDecl *BazDecl = findValueDecl(ASTCtx, "Baz");
+        ASSERT_THAT(BazDecl, NotNull());
+
+        const auto *BazVal = dyn_cast_or_null<ConjunctionValue>(
+            Env.getValue(*BazDecl, SkipPast::None));
+        ASSERT_THAT(BazVal, NotNull());
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(&BazVal->getLeftSubValue(), FooVal);
+        EXPECT_EQ(&BazVal->getRightSubValue(), BarVal);
+      });
+}
+
+TEST_F(TransferTest, AssignFromBoolDisjunction) {
+  std::string Code = R"(
+    void target() {
+      bool Foo = true;
+      bool Bar = true;
+      bool Baz = (Foo) || (Bar);
+      // [[p]]
+    }
+  )";
+  runDataflow(
+      Code, [](llvm::ArrayRef<
+                   std::pair<std::string, DataflowAnalysisState<NoopLattice>>>
+                   Results,
+               ASTContext &ASTCtx) {
+        ASSERT_THAT(Results, ElementsAre(Pair("p", _)));
+        const Environment &Env = Results[0].second.Env;
+
+        const ValueDecl *FooDecl = findValueDecl(ASTCtx, "Foo");
+        ASSERT_THAT(FooDecl, NotNull());
+
+        const auto *FooVal =
+            dyn_cast_or_null<BoolValue>(Env.getValue(*FooDecl, SkipPast::None));
+        ASSERT_THAT(FooVal, NotNull());
+
+        const ValueDecl *BarDecl = findValueDecl(ASTCtx, "Bar");
+        ASSERT_THAT(BarDecl, NotNull());
+
+        const auto *BarVal =
+            dyn_cast_or_null<BoolValue>(Env.getValue(*BarDecl, SkipPast::None));
+        ASSERT_THAT(BarVal, NotNull());
+
+        const ValueDecl *BazDecl = findValueDecl(ASTCtx, "Baz");
+        ASSERT_THAT(BazDecl, NotNull());
+
+        const auto *BazVal = dyn_cast_or_null<DisjunctionValue>(
+            Env.getValue(*BazDecl, SkipPast::None));
+        ASSERT_THAT(BazVal, NotNull());
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(&BazVal->getLeftSubValue(), FooVal);
+        EXPECT_EQ(&BazVal->getRightSubValue(), BarVal);
+      });
+}
+
+TEST_F(TransferTest, AssignFromBoolNegation) {
+  std::string Code = R"(
+    void target() {
+      bool Foo = true;
+      bool Bar = !(Foo);
+      // [[p]]
+    }
+  )";
+  runDataflow(Code,
+              [](llvm::ArrayRef<
+                     std::pair<std::string, DataflowAnalysisState<NoopLattice>>>
+                     Results,
+                 ASTContext &ASTCtx) {
+                ASSERT_THAT(Results, ElementsAre(Pair("p", _)));
+                const Environment &Env = Results[0].second.Env;
+
+                const ValueDecl *FooDecl = findValueDecl(ASTCtx, "Foo");
+                ASSERT_THAT(FooDecl, NotNull());
+
+                const auto *FooVal = dyn_cast_or_null<AtomicBoolValue>(
+                    Env.getValue(*FooDecl, SkipPast::None));
+                ASSERT_THAT(FooVal, NotNull());
+
+                const ValueDecl *BarDecl = findValueDecl(ASTCtx, "Bar");
+                ASSERT_THAT(BarDecl, NotNull());
+
+                const auto *BarVal = dyn_cast_or_null<NegationValue>(
+                    Env.getValue(*BarDecl, SkipPast::None));
+                ASSERT_THAT(BarVal, NotNull());
+
+                EXPECT_EQ(&BarVal->getSubVal(), FooVal);
               });
 }
 

clang/unittests/Analysis/FlowSensitive/TypeErasedDataflowAnalysisTest.cpp

@@ -387,7 +387,8 @@ protected:
             Code, "target",
             [this](ASTContext &Context, Environment &Env) {
               assert(HasValueTop == nullptr);
-              HasValueTop = &Env.takeOwnership(std::make_unique<BoolValue>());
+              HasValueTop =
+                  &Env.takeOwnership(std::make_unique<AtomicBoolValue>());
               return OptionalIntAnalysis(Context, *HasValueTop);
             },
             [&Match](