[clang-tidy] Escape diagnostic messages before passing to `diag` in Transformer.

Messages generated by Transformer rules may have `%` in them, which
needs to be escaped before being passed to `diag`, which interprets them
specially (and crashes if they are misused).

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D124952

clang-tools-extra/clang-tidy/utils/TransformerClangTidyCheck.cpp

@@ -27,6 +27,33 @@ static void verifyRule(const RewriteRuleWith<std::string> &Rule) {
          " explicitly provide an empty explanation if none is desired");
 }
 
+// If a string unintentionally containing '%' is passed as a diagnostic, Clang
+// will claim the string is ill-formed and assert-fail. This function escapes
+// such strings so they can be safely used in diagnostics.
+std::string escapeForDiagnostic(std::string ToEscape) {
+  // Optimize for the common case that the string does not contain `%` at the
+  // cost of an extra scan over the string in the slow case.
+  auto Pos = ToEscape.find('%');
+  if (Pos == ToEscape.npos)
+    return ToEscape;
+
+  std::string Result;
+  Result.reserve(ToEscape.size());
+  // Convert position to a count.
+  ++Pos;
+  Result.append(ToEscape, 0, Pos);
+  Result += '%';
+
+  for (auto N = ToEscape.size(); Pos < N; ++Pos) {
+    const char C = ToEscape.at(Pos);
+    Result += C;
+    if (C == '%')
+      Result += '%';
+  }
+
+  return Result;
+}
+
 TransformerClangTidyCheck::TransformerClangTidyCheck(StringRef Name,
                                                      ClangTidyContext *Context)
     : ClangTidyCheck(Name, Context),
@@ -99,7 +126,8 @@ void TransformerClangTidyCheck::check(
   }
 
   // Associate the diagnostic with the location of the first change.
-  DiagnosticBuilder Diag = diag((*Edits)[0].Range.getBegin(), *Explanation);
+  DiagnosticBuilder Diag =
+      diag((*Edits)[0].Range.getBegin(), escapeForDiagnostic(*Explanation));
   for (const auto &T : *Edits)
     switch (T.Kind) {
     case transformer::EditKind::Range:

clang-tools-extra/unittests/clang-tidy/TransformerClangTidyCheckTest.cpp

@@ -90,6 +90,27 @@ TEST(TransformerClangTidyCheckTest, DiagnosticsCorrectlyGenerated) {
   EXPECT_EQ(Errors[0].Message.FileOffset, 10U);
 }
 
+TEST(TransformerClangTidyCheckTest, DiagnosticMessageEscaped) {
+  class GiveDiagWithPercentSymbol : public TransformerClangTidyCheck {
+  public:
+    GiveDiagWithPercentSymbol(StringRef Name, ClangTidyContext *Context)
+        : TransformerClangTidyCheck(makeRule(returnStmt(),
+                                             noopEdit(node(RootID)),
+                                             cat("bad code: x % y % z")),
+                                    Name, Context) {}
+  };
+  std::string Input = "int somecode() { return 0; }";
+  std::vector<ClangTidyError> Errors;
+  EXPECT_EQ(Input,
+            test::runCheckOnCode<GiveDiagWithPercentSymbol>(Input, &Errors));
+  ASSERT_EQ(Errors.size(), 1U);
+  // The message stored in this field shouldn't include escaped percent signs,
+  // because the diagnostic printer should have _unescaped_ them when processing
+  // the diagnostic. The only behavior observable/verifiable by the test is that
+  // the presence of the '%' doesn't crash Clang.
+  EXPECT_EQ(Errors[0].Message.Message, "bad code: x % y % z");
+}
+
 class IntLitCheck : public TransformerClangTidyCheck {
 public:
   IntLitCheck(StringRef Name, ClangTidyContext *Context)