[clang-tidy] Add portability-std-allocator-const check

Report use of ``std::vector<const T>`` (and similar containers of const
elements). These are now allowed in standard C++ due to undefined
``std::allocator<const T>``. They do not compile with libstdc++ or MSVC.
Future libc++ will remove the extension (D120996).
See docs/clang-tidy/checks/portability-std-allocator-const.rst for detail.

I have attempted clean-up in a large code base. Here are some statistics:

* 98% are related to the container `std::vector`, among `deque/forward_list/list/multiset/queue/set/stack/vector`.
* 24% are related to `std::vector<const std::string>`.
* Both `std::vector<const absl::string_view>` and `std::vector<const int>` contribute 2%. The other contributors spread over various class types.

The check can be useful to other large code bases and may serve as an example
for future libc++ strictness improvement.

Reviewed By: sammccall

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D123655

clang-tools-extra/clang-tidy/portability/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ add_clang_library(clangTidyPortabilityModule
   PortabilityTidyModule.cpp
   RestrictSystemIncludesCheck.cpp
   SIMDIntrinsicsCheck.cpp
+  StdAllocatorConstCheck.cpp
 
   LINK_LIBS
   clangTidy

clang-tools-extra/clang-tidy/portability/PortabilityTidyModule.cpp

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #include "../ClangTidyModuleRegistry.h"
 #include "RestrictSystemIncludesCheck.h"
 #include "SIMDIntrinsicsCheck.h"
+#include "StdAllocatorConstCheck.h"
 
 namespace clang {
 namespace tidy {
@@ -23,6 +24,8 @@ public:
         "portability-restrict-system-includes");
     CheckFactories.registerCheck<SIMDIntrinsicsCheck>(
         "portability-simd-intrinsics");
+    CheckFactories.registerCheck<StdAllocatorConstCheck>(
+        "portability-std-allocator-const");
   }
 };
 

clang-tools-extra/clang-tidy/portability/StdAllocatorConstCheck.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+//===-- StdAllocatorConstCheck.cpp - clang-tidy --------------------------===//
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "StdAllocatorConstCheck.h"
+#include "clang/ASTMatchers/ASTMatchFinder.h"
+
+using namespace clang::ast_matchers;
+
+namespace clang {
+namespace tidy {
+namespace portability {
+
+void StdAllocatorConstCheck::registerMatchers(MatchFinder *Finder) {
+  // Match std::allocator<const T>.
+  auto allocatorConst =
+      recordType(hasDeclaration(classTemplateSpecializationDecl(
+          hasName("::std::allocator"),
+          hasTemplateArgument(0, refersToType(qualType(isConstQualified()))))));
+
+  auto hasContainerName =
+      hasAnyName("::std::vector", "::std::deque", "::std::list",
+                 "::std::multiset", "::std::set", "::std::unordered_multiset",
+                 "::std::unordered_set", "::absl::flat_hash_set");
+
+  // Match `std::vector<const T> var;` and other common containers like deque,
+  // list, and absl::flat_hash_set. Containers like queue and stack use deque
+  // but do not directly use std::allocator as a template argument, so they
+  // aren't caught.
+  Finder->addMatcher(
+      typeLoc(
+          templateSpecializationTypeLoc(),
+          loc(hasUnqualifiedDesugaredType(anyOf(
+              recordType(hasDeclaration(classTemplateSpecializationDecl(
+                  hasContainerName,
+                  anyOf(
+                      hasTemplateArgument(1, refersToType(allocatorConst)),
+                      hasTemplateArgument(2, refersToType(allocatorConst)),
+                      hasTemplateArgument(3, refersToType(allocatorConst)))))),
+              // Match std::vector<const dependent>
+              templateSpecializationType(
+                  templateArgumentCountIs(1),
+                  hasTemplateArgument(
+                      0, refersToType(qualType(isConstQualified()))),
+                  hasDeclaration(namedDecl(hasContainerName)))))))
+          .bind("type_loc"),
+      this);
+}
+
+void StdAllocatorConstCheck::check(const MatchFinder::MatchResult &Result) {
+  const auto *T = Result.Nodes.getNodeAs<TypeLoc>("type_loc");
+  if (!T)
+    return;
+  // Exclude TypeLoc matches in STL headers.
+  if (isSystem(Result.Context->getSourceManager().getFileCharacteristic(
+          T->getBeginLoc())))
+    return;
+
+  diag(T->getBeginLoc(),
+       "container using std::allocator<const T> is a deprecated libc++ "
+       "extension; remove const for compatibility with other standard "
+       "libraries");
+}
+
+} // namespace portability
+} // namespace tidy
+} // namespace clang

clang-tools-extra/clang-tidy/portability/StdAllocatorConstCheck.h

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+//===--- StdAllocatorConstT.h - clang-tidy -----------------------*- C++-*-===//
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#ifndef LLVM_CLANG_TOOLS_EXTRA_CLANG_TIDY_PORTABILITY_STDALLOCATORCONSTCHECK_H
+#define LLVM_CLANG_TOOLS_EXTRA_CLANG_TIDY_PORTABILITY_STDALLOCATORCONSTCHECK_H
+
+#include "../ClangTidyCheck.h"
+
+namespace clang {
+namespace tidy {
+namespace portability {
+
+/// Report use of ``std::vector<const T>`` (and similar containers of const
+/// elements). These are not allowed in standard C++ due to undefined
+/// ``std::allocator<const T>``. They do not compile with libstdc++ or MSVC.
+///
+/// For the user-facing documentation see:
+/// http://clang.llvm.org/extra/clang-tidy/checks/portability-std-allocator-const.html
+class StdAllocatorConstCheck : public ClangTidyCheck {
+public:
+  StdAllocatorConstCheck(StringRef Name, ClangTidyContext *Context)
+      : ClangTidyCheck(Name, Context) {}
+
+  void registerMatchers(ast_matchers::MatchFinder *Finder) override;
+  void check(const ast_matchers::MatchFinder::MatchResult &Result) override;
+};
+
+} // namespace portability
+} // namespace tidy
+} // namespace clang
+
+#endif // LLVM_CLANG_TOOLS_EXTRA_CLANG_TIDY_PORTABILITY_STDALLOCATORCONSTCHECK_H

clang-tools-extra/docs/ReleaseNotes.rst

@@ -117,6 +117,14 @@ New checks
 
   Replaces groups of adjacent macros with an unscoped anonymous enum.
 
+- New :doc:`portability-std-allocator-const <clang-tidy/checks/portability-std-allocator-const>` check.
+
+  Report use of ``std::vector<const T>`` (and similar containers of const
+  elements). These are not allowed in standard C++ due to undefined
+  ``std::allocator<const T>``. They do not compile with libstdc++ or MSVC.
+  Future libc++ will remove the extension (`D120996
+  <https://reviews.llvm.org/D120996>`).
+
 New check aliases
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 

clang-tools-extra/docs/clang-tidy/checks/list.rst

@@ -289,6 +289,7 @@ Clang-Tidy Checks
    `performance-unnecessary-value-param <performance-unnecessary-value-param.html>`_, "Yes"
    `portability-restrict-system-includes <portability-restrict-system-includes.html>`_, "Yes"
    `portability-simd-intrinsics <portability-simd-intrinsics.html>`_,
+   `portability-std-allocator-const <portability-std-allocator-const.html>`_,
    `readability-avoid-const-params-in-decls <readability-avoid-const-params-in-decls.html>`_, "Yes"
    `readability-braces-around-statements <readability-braces-around-statements.html>`_, "Yes"
    `readability-const-return-type <readability-const-return-type.html>`_, "Yes"

clang-tools-extra/docs/clang-tidy/checks/portability-std-allocator-const.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+.. title:: clang-tidy - portability-std-allocator-const
+
+portability-std-allocator-const
+===============================
+
+Report use of ``std::vector<const T>`` (and similar containers of const
+elements). These are not allowed in standard C++, and should usually be
+``std::vector<T>`` instead."
+
+Per C++ ``[allocator.requirements.general]``: "T is any cv-unqualified object
+type", ``std::allocator<const T>`` is undefined. Many standard containers use
+``std::allocator`` by default and therefore their ``const T`` instantiations are
+undefined.
+
+libc++ defines ``std::allocator<const T>`` as an extension which will be removed
+in the future.
+
+libstdc++ and MSVC do not support ``std::allocator<const T>``:
+
+.. code:: c++
+
+  // libstdc++ has a better diagnostic since https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=48101
+  std::deque<const int> deque; // error: static assertion failed: std::deque must have a non-const, non-volatile value_type
+  std::set<const int> set; // error: static assertion failed: std::set must have a non-const, non-volatile value_type
+  std::vector<int* const> vector; // error: static assertion failed: std::vector must have a non-const, non-volatile value_type
+
+  // MSVC
+  // error C2338: static_assert failed: 'The C++ Standard forbids containers of const elements because allocator<const T> is ill-formed.'
+
+Code bases only compiled with libc++ may accrue such undefined usage. This
+check finds such code and prevents backsliding while clean-up is ongoing.

clang-tools-extra/test/clang-tidy/checkers/portability-std-allocator-const.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+// RUN: %check_clang_tidy -std=c++11-or-later %s portability-std-allocator-const %t --
+
+namespace std {
+typedef unsigned size_t;
+
+template <class T>
+class allocator {};
+template <class T>
+class hash {};
+template <class T>
+class equal_to {};
+template <class T>
+class less {};
+
+template <class T, class A = std::allocator<T>>
+class deque {};
+template <class T, class A = std::allocator<T>>
+class forward_list {};
+template <class T, class A = std::allocator<T>>
+class list {};
+template <class T, class A = std::allocator<T>>
+class vector {};
+
+template <class K, class C = std::less<K>, class A = std::allocator<K>>
+class multiset {};
+template <class K, class C = std::less<K>, class A = std::allocator<K>>
+class set {};
+template <class K, class H = std::hash<K>, class Eq = std::equal_to<K>, class A = std::allocator<K>>
+class unordered_multiset {};
+template <class K, class H = std::hash<K>, class Eq = std::equal_to<K>, class A = std::allocator<K>>
+class unordered_set {};
+
+template <class T, class C = std::deque<T>>
+class stack {};
+} // namespace std
+
+namespace absl {
+template <class K, class H = std::hash<K>, class Eq = std::equal_to<K>, class A = std::allocator<K>>
+class flat_hash_set {};
+} // namespace absl
+
+template <class T>
+class allocator {};
+
+void simple(const std::vector<const char> &v, std::deque<const short> *d) {
+  // CHECK-MESSAGES: [[#@LINE-1]]:24: warning: container using std::allocator<const T> is a deprecated libc++ extension; remove const for compatibility with other standard libraries
+  // CHECK-MESSAGES: [[#@LINE-2]]:52: warning: container
+  std::list<const long> l;
+  // CHECK-MESSAGES: [[#@LINE-1]]:8: warning: container
+
+  std::multiset<int *const> ms;
+  // CHECK-MESSAGES: [[#@LINE-1]]:8: warning: container
+  std::set<const std::hash<int>> s;
+  // CHECK-MESSAGES: [[#@LINE-1]]:8: warning: container
+  std::unordered_multiset<int *const> ums;
+  // CHECK-MESSAGES: [[#@LINE-1]]:8: warning: container
+  std::unordered_set<const int> us;
+  // CHECK-MESSAGES: [[#@LINE-1]]:8: warning: container
+
+  absl::flat_hash_set<const int> fhs;
+  // CHECK-MESSAGES: [[#@LINE-1]]:9: warning: container
+
+  using my_vector = std::vector<const int>;
+  // CHECK-MESSAGES: [[#@LINE-1]]:26: warning: container
+  my_vector v1;
+  using my_vector2 = my_vector;
+
+  std::vector<int> neg1;
+  std::vector<const int *> neg2;                     // not const T
+  std::vector<const int, allocator<const int>> neg3; // not use std::allocator<const T>
+  std::allocator<const int> a;                       // not caught, but rare
+  std::forward_list<const int> forward;              // not caught, but rare
+  std::stack<const int> stack;                       // not caught, but rare
+}
+
+template <class T>
+void temp1() {
+  std::vector<const T> v;
+  // CHECK-MESSAGES: [[#@LINE-1]]:8: warning: container
+
+  std::vector<T> neg1;
+  std::forward_list<const T> neg2;
+}
+void use_temp1() { temp1<int>(); }
+
+template <class T>
+void temp2() {
+  // Match std::vector<const dependent> for the uninstantiated temp2.
+  std::vector<const T> v;
+  // CHECK-MESSAGES: [[#@LINE-1]]:8: warning: container
+
+  std::vector<T> neg1;
+  std::forward_list<const T> neg2;
+}