llvm-project/clang/lib/StaticAnalyzer/Core/BugReporter.cpp

// BugReporter.cpp - Generate PathDiagnostics for Bugs ------------*- C++ -*--//
//
//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
//
// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
//  This file defines BugReporter, a utility class for generating
//  PathDiagnostics.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

#include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/BugReporter/BugReporter.h"
#include "clang/AST/ASTContext.h"
#include "clang/AST/DeclObjC.h"
#include "clang/AST/Expr.h"
#include "clang/AST/ExprCXX.h"
#include "clang/AST/ParentMap.h"
#include "clang/AST/StmtCXX.h"
#include "clang/AST/StmtObjC.h"
#include "clang/Analysis/CFG.h"
#include "clang/Analysis/ProgramPoint.h"
#include "clang/Basic/SourceManager.h"
#include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/BugReporter/BugType.h"
#include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/BugReporter/PathDiagnostic.h"
#include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/PathSensitive/ExprEngine.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/DenseMap.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/IntrusiveRefCntPtr.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/STLExtras.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/SmallString.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/Statistic.h"
#include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
#include <memory>
#include <queue>

using namespace clang;
using namespace ento;

#define DEBUG_TYPE "BugReporter"

STATISTIC(MaxBugClassSize,
          "The maximum number of bug reports in the same equivalence class");
STATISTIC(MaxValidBugClassSize,
          "The maximum number of bug reports in the same equivalence class "
          "where at least one report is valid (not suppressed)");

BugReporterVisitor::~BugReporterVisitor() {}

void BugReporterContext::anchor() {}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Helper routines for walking the ExplodedGraph and fetching statements.
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

static const Stmt *GetPreviousStmt(const ExplodedNode *N) {
  for (N = N->getFirstPred(); N; N = N->getFirstPred())
    if (const Stmt *S = PathDiagnosticLocation::getStmt(N))
      return S;

  return nullptr;
}

static inline const Stmt*
GetCurrentOrPreviousStmt(const ExplodedNode *N) {
  if (const Stmt *S = PathDiagnosticLocation::getStmt(N))
    return S;

  return GetPreviousStmt(N);
}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Diagnostic cleanup.
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

static PathDiagnosticEventPiece *
eventsDescribeSameCondition(PathDiagnosticEventPiece *X,
                            PathDiagnosticEventPiece *Y) {
  // Prefer diagnostics that come from ConditionBRVisitor over
  // those that came from TrackConstraintBRVisitor.
  const void *tagPreferred = ConditionBRVisitor::getTag();
  const void *tagLesser = TrackConstraintBRVisitor::getTag();
  
  if (X->getLocation() != Y->getLocation())
    return nullptr;

  if (X->getTag() == tagPreferred && Y->getTag() == tagLesser)
    return X;
  
  if (Y->getTag() == tagPreferred && X->getTag() == tagLesser)
    return Y;

  return nullptr;
}

/// An optimization pass over PathPieces that removes redundant diagnostics
/// generated by both ConditionBRVisitor and TrackConstraintBRVisitor.  Both
/// BugReporterVisitors use different methods to generate diagnostics, with
/// one capable of emitting diagnostics in some cases but not in others.  This
/// can lead to redundant diagnostic pieces at the same point in a path.
static void removeRedundantMsgs(PathPieces &path) {
  unsigned N = path.size();
  if (N < 2)
    return;
  // NOTE: this loop intentionally is not using an iterator.  Instead, we
  // are streaming the path and modifying it in place.  This is done by
  // grabbing the front, processing it, and if we decide to keep it append
  // it to the end of the path.  The entire path is processed in this way.
  for (unsigned i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
    IntrusiveRefCntPtr<PathDiagnosticPiece> piece(path.front());
    path.pop_front();
    
    switch (piece->getKind()) {
      case clang::ento::PathDiagnosticPiece::Call:
        removeRedundantMsgs(cast<PathDiagnosticCallPiece>(piece)->path);
        break;
      case clang::ento::PathDiagnosticPiece::Macro:
        removeRedundantMsgs(cast<PathDiagnosticMacroPiece>(piece)->subPieces);
        break;
      case clang::ento::PathDiagnosticPiece::ControlFlow:
        break;
      case clang::ento::PathDiagnosticPiece::Event: {
        if (i == N-1)
          break;
        
        if (PathDiagnosticEventPiece *nextEvent =
            dyn_cast<PathDiagnosticEventPiece>(path.front().get())) {
          PathDiagnosticEventPiece *event =
            cast<PathDiagnosticEventPiece>(piece);
          // Check to see if we should keep one of the two pieces.  If we
          // come up with a preference, record which piece to keep, and consume
          // another piece from the path.
          if (PathDiagnosticEventPiece *pieceToKeep =
              eventsDescribeSameCondition(event, nextEvent)) {
            piece = pieceToKeep;
            path.pop_front();
            ++i;
          }
        }
        break;
      }
    }
    path.push_back(piece);
  }
}

/// A map from PathDiagnosticPiece to the LocationContext of the inlined
/// function call it represents.
typedef llvm::DenseMap<const PathPieces *, const LocationContext *>
        LocationContextMap;

/// Recursively scan through a path and prune out calls and macros pieces
/// that aren't needed.  Return true if afterwards the path contains
/// "interesting stuff" which means it shouldn't be pruned from the parent path.
static bool removeUnneededCalls(PathPieces &pieces, BugReport *R,
                                LocationContextMap &LCM) {
  bool containsSomethingInteresting = false;
  const unsigned N = pieces.size();
  
  for (unsigned i = 0 ; i < N ; ++i) {
    // Remove the front piece from the path.  If it is still something we
    // want to keep once we are done, we will push it back on the end.
    IntrusiveRefCntPtr<PathDiagnosticPiece> piece(pieces.front());
    pieces.pop_front();
    
    switch (piece->getKind()) {
      case PathDiagnosticPiece::Call: {
        PathDiagnosticCallPiece *call = cast<PathDiagnosticCallPiece>(piece);
        // Check if the location context is interesting.
        assert(LCM.count(&call->path));
        if (R->isInteresting(LCM[&call->path])) {
          containsSomethingInteresting = true;
          break;
        }

        if (!removeUnneededCalls(call->path, R, LCM))
          continue;
        
        containsSomethingInteresting = true;
        break;
      }
      case PathDiagnosticPiece::Macro: {
        PathDiagnosticMacroPiece *macro = cast<PathDiagnosticMacroPiece>(piece);
        if (!removeUnneededCalls(macro->subPieces, R, LCM))
          continue;
        containsSomethingInteresting = true;
        break;
      }
      case PathDiagnosticPiece::Event: {
        PathDiagnosticEventPiece *event = cast<PathDiagnosticEventPiece>(piece);
        
        // We never throw away an event, but we do throw it away wholesale
        // as part of a path if we throw the entire path away.
        containsSomethingInteresting |= !event->isPrunable();
        break;
      }
      case PathDiagnosticPiece::ControlFlow:
        break;
    }
    
    pieces.push_back(piece);
  }
  
  return containsSomethingInteresting;
}

/// Returns true if the given decl has been implicitly given a body, either by
/// the analyzer or by the compiler proper.
static bool hasImplicitBody(const Decl *D) {
  assert(D);
  return D->isImplicit() || !D->hasBody();
}

/// Recursively scan through a path and make sure that all call pieces have
/// valid locations. 
static void
adjustCallLocations(PathPieces &Pieces,
                    PathDiagnosticLocation *LastCallLocation = nullptr) {
  for (PathPieces::iterator I = Pieces.begin(), E = Pieces.end(); I != E; ++I) {
    PathDiagnosticCallPiece *Call = dyn_cast<PathDiagnosticCallPiece>(*I);

    if (!Call) {
      assert((*I)->getLocation().asLocation().isValid());
      continue;
    }

    if (LastCallLocation) {
      bool CallerIsImplicit = hasImplicitBody(Call->getCaller());
      if (CallerIsImplicit || !Call->callEnter.asLocation().isValid())
        Call->callEnter = *LastCallLocation;
      if (CallerIsImplicit || !Call->callReturn.asLocation().isValid())
        Call->callReturn = *LastCallLocation;
    }

    // Recursively clean out the subclass.  Keep this call around if
    // it contains any informative diagnostics.
    PathDiagnosticLocation *ThisCallLocation;
    if (Call->callEnterWithin.asLocation().isValid() &&
        !hasImplicitBody(Call->getCallee()))
      ThisCallLocation = &Call->callEnterWithin;
    else
      ThisCallLocation = &Call->callEnter;

    assert(ThisCallLocation && "Outermost call has an invalid location");
    adjustCallLocations(Call->path, ThisCallLocation);
  }
}

/// Remove edges in and out of C++ default initializer expressions. These are
/// for fields that have in-class initializers, as opposed to being initialized
/// explicitly in a constructor or braced list.
static void removeEdgesToDefaultInitializers(PathPieces &Pieces) {
  for (PathPieces::iterator I = Pieces.begin(), E = Pieces.end(); I != E;) {
    if (PathDiagnosticCallPiece *C = dyn_cast<PathDiagnosticCallPiece>(*I))
      removeEdgesToDefaultInitializers(C->path);

    if (PathDiagnosticMacroPiece *M = dyn_cast<PathDiagnosticMacroPiece>(*I))
      removeEdgesToDefaultInitializers(M->subPieces);

    if (PathDiagnosticControlFlowPiece *CF =
          dyn_cast<PathDiagnosticControlFlowPiece>(*I)) {
      const Stmt *Start = CF->getStartLocation().asStmt();
      const Stmt *End = CF->getEndLocation().asStmt();
      if (Start && isa<CXXDefaultInitExpr>(Start)) {
        I = Pieces.erase(I);
        continue;
      } else if (End && isa<CXXDefaultInitExpr>(End)) {
        PathPieces::iterator Next = std::next(I);
        if (Next != E) {
          if (PathDiagnosticControlFlowPiece *NextCF =
                dyn_cast<PathDiagnosticControlFlowPiece>(*Next)) {
            NextCF->setStartLocation(CF->getStartLocation());
          }
        }
        I = Pieces.erase(I);
        continue;
      }
    }

    I++;
  }
}

/// Remove all pieces with invalid locations as these cannot be serialized.
/// We might have pieces with invalid locations as a result of inlining Body
/// Farm generated functions.
static void removePiecesWithInvalidLocations(PathPieces &Pieces) {
  for (PathPieces::iterator I = Pieces.begin(), E = Pieces.end(); I != E;) {
    if (PathDiagnosticCallPiece *C = dyn_cast<PathDiagnosticCallPiece>(*I))
      removePiecesWithInvalidLocations(C->path);

    if (PathDiagnosticMacroPiece *M = dyn_cast<PathDiagnosticMacroPiece>(*I))
      removePiecesWithInvalidLocations(M->subPieces);

    if (!(*I)->getLocation().isValid() ||
        !(*I)->getLocation().asLocation().isValid()) {
      I = Pieces.erase(I);
      continue;
    }
    I++;
  }
}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// PathDiagnosticBuilder and its associated routines and helper objects.
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

namespace {
class NodeMapClosure : public BugReport::NodeResolver {
  InterExplodedGraphMap &M;
public:
  NodeMapClosure(InterExplodedGraphMap &m) : M(m) {}

  const ExplodedNode *getOriginalNode(const ExplodedNode *N) override {
    return M.lookup(N);
  }
};

class PathDiagnosticBuilder : public BugReporterContext {
  BugReport *R;
  PathDiagnosticConsumer *PDC;
  NodeMapClosure NMC;
public:
  const LocationContext *LC;
  
  PathDiagnosticBuilder(GRBugReporter &br,
                        BugReport *r, InterExplodedGraphMap &Backmap,
                        PathDiagnosticConsumer *pdc)
    : BugReporterContext(br),
      R(r), PDC(pdc), NMC(Backmap), LC(r->getErrorNode()->getLocationContext())
  {}

  PathDiagnosticLocation ExecutionContinues(const ExplodedNode *N);

  PathDiagnosticLocation ExecutionContinues(llvm::raw_string_ostream &os,
                                            const ExplodedNode *N);

  BugReport *getBugReport() { return R; }

  Decl const &getCodeDecl() { return R->getErrorNode()->getCodeDecl(); }
  
  ParentMap& getParentMap() { return LC->getParentMap(); }

  const Stmt *getParent(const Stmt *S) {
    return getParentMap().getParent(S);
  }

  NodeMapClosure& getNodeResolver() override { return NMC; }

  PathDiagnosticLocation getEnclosingStmtLocation(const Stmt *S);

  PathDiagnosticConsumer::PathGenerationScheme getGenerationScheme() const {
    return PDC ? PDC->getGenerationScheme() : PathDiagnosticConsumer::Extensive;
  }

  bool supportsLogicalOpControlFlow() const {
    return PDC ? PDC->supportsLogicalOpControlFlow() : true;
  }
};
} // end anonymous namespace

PathDiagnosticLocation
PathDiagnosticBuilder::ExecutionContinues(const ExplodedNode *N) {
  if (const Stmt *S = PathDiagnosticLocation::getNextStmt(N))
    return PathDiagnosticLocation(S, getSourceManager(), LC);

  return PathDiagnosticLocation::createDeclEnd(N->getLocationContext(),
                                               getSourceManager());
}

PathDiagnosticLocation
PathDiagnosticBuilder::ExecutionContinues(llvm::raw_string_ostream &os,
                                          const ExplodedNode *N) {

  // Slow, but probably doesn't matter.
  if (os.str().empty())
    os << ' ';

  const PathDiagnosticLocation &Loc = ExecutionContinues(N);

  if (Loc.asStmt())
    os << "Execution continues on line "
       << getSourceManager().getExpansionLineNumber(Loc.asLocation())
       << '.';
  else {
    os << "Execution jumps to the end of the ";
    const Decl *D = N->getLocationContext()->getDecl();
    if (isa<ObjCMethodDecl>(D))
      os << "method";
    else if (isa<FunctionDecl>(D))
      os << "function";
    else {
      assert(isa<BlockDecl>(D));
      os << "anonymous block";
    }
    os << '.';
  }

  return Loc;
}

static const Stmt *getEnclosingParent(const Stmt *S, const ParentMap &PM) {
  if (isa<Expr>(S) && PM.isConsumedExpr(cast<Expr>(S)))
    return PM.getParentIgnoreParens(S);

  const Stmt *Parent = PM.getParentIgnoreParens(S);
  if (!Parent)
    return nullptr;

  switch (Parent->getStmtClass()) {
  case Stmt::ForStmtClass:
  case Stmt::DoStmtClass:
  case Stmt::WhileStmtClass:
  case Stmt::ObjCForCollectionStmtClass:
  case Stmt::CXXForRangeStmtClass:
    return Parent;
  default:
    break;
  }

  return nullptr;
}

static PathDiagnosticLocation
getEnclosingStmtLocation(const Stmt *S, SourceManager &SMgr, const ParentMap &P,
                         const LocationContext *LC, bool allowNestedContexts) {
  if (!S)
    return PathDiagnosticLocation();

  while (const Stmt *Parent = getEnclosingParent(S, P)) {
    switch (Parent->getStmtClass()) {
      case Stmt::BinaryOperatorClass: {
        const BinaryOperator *B = cast<BinaryOperator>(Parent);
        if (B->isLogicalOp())
          return PathDiagnosticLocation(allowNestedContexts ? B : S, SMgr, LC);
        break;
      }
      case Stmt::CompoundStmtClass:
      case Stmt::StmtExprClass:
        return PathDiagnosticLocation(S, SMgr, LC);
      case Stmt::ChooseExprClass:
        // Similar to '?' if we are referring to condition, just have the edge
        // point to the entire choose expression.
        if (allowNestedContexts || cast<ChooseExpr>(Parent)->getCond() == S)
          return PathDiagnosticLocation(Parent, SMgr, LC);
        else
          return PathDiagnosticLocation(S, SMgr, LC);
      case Stmt::BinaryConditionalOperatorClass:
      case Stmt::ConditionalOperatorClass:
        // For '?', if we are referring to condition, just have the edge point
        // to the entire '?' expression.
        if (allowNestedContexts ||
            cast<AbstractConditionalOperator>(Parent)->getCond() == S)
          return PathDiagnosticLocation(Parent, SMgr, LC);
        else
          return PathDiagnosticLocation(S, SMgr, LC);
      case Stmt::CXXForRangeStmtClass:
        if (cast<CXXForRangeStmt>(Parent)->getBody() == S)
          return PathDiagnosticLocation(S, SMgr, LC);
        break;
      case Stmt::DoStmtClass:
          return PathDiagnosticLocation(S, SMgr, LC);
      case Stmt::ForStmtClass:
        if (cast<ForStmt>(Parent)->getBody() == S)
          return PathDiagnosticLocation(S, SMgr, LC);
        break;
      case Stmt::IfStmtClass:
        if (cast<IfStmt>(Parent)->getCond() != S)
          return PathDiagnosticLocation(S, SMgr, LC);
        break;
      case Stmt::ObjCForCollectionStmtClass:
        if (cast<ObjCForCollectionStmt>(Parent)->getBody() == S)
          return PathDiagnosticLocation(S, SMgr, LC);
        break;
      case Stmt::WhileStmtClass:
        if (cast<WhileStmt>(Parent)->getCond() != S)
          return PathDiagnosticLocation(S, SMgr, LC);
        break;
      default:
        break;
    }

    S = Parent;
  }

  assert(S && "Cannot have null Stmt for PathDiagnosticLocation");

  return PathDiagnosticLocation(S, SMgr, LC);
}

PathDiagnosticLocation
PathDiagnosticBuilder::getEnclosingStmtLocation(const Stmt *S) {
  assert(S && "Null Stmt passed to getEnclosingStmtLocation");
  return ::getEnclosingStmtLocation(S, getSourceManager(), getParentMap(), LC,
                                    /*allowNestedContexts=*/false);
}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// "Visitors only" path diagnostic generation algorithm.
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
static bool GenerateVisitorsOnlyPathDiagnostic(
    PathDiagnostic &PD, PathDiagnosticBuilder &PDB, const ExplodedNode *N,
    ArrayRef<std::unique_ptr<BugReporterVisitor>> visitors) {
  // All path generation skips the very first node (the error node).
  // This is because there is special handling for the end-of-path note.
  N = N->getFirstPred();
  if (!N)
    return true;

  BugReport *R = PDB.getBugReport();
  while (const ExplodedNode *Pred = N->getFirstPred()) {
    for (auto &V : visitors) {
      // Visit all the node pairs, but throw the path pieces away.
      PathDiagnosticPiece *Piece = V->VisitNode(N, Pred, PDB, *R);
      delete Piece;
    }

    N = Pred;
  }

  return R->isValid();
}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// "Minimal" path diagnostic generation algorithm.
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
typedef std::pair<PathDiagnosticCallPiece*, const ExplodedNode*> StackDiagPair;
typedef SmallVector<StackDiagPair, 6> StackDiagVector;

static void updateStackPiecesWithMessage(PathDiagnosticPiece *P,
                                         StackDiagVector &CallStack) {
  // If the piece contains a special message, add it to all the call
  // pieces on the active stack.
  if (PathDiagnosticEventPiece *ep =
        dyn_cast<PathDiagnosticEventPiece>(P)) {

    if (ep->hasCallStackHint())
      for (StackDiagVector::iterator I = CallStack.begin(),
                                     E = CallStack.end(); I != E; ++I) {
        PathDiagnosticCallPiece *CP = I->first;
        const ExplodedNode *N = I->second;
        std::string stackMsg = ep->getCallStackMessage(N);

        // The last message on the path to final bug is the most important
        // one. Since we traverse the path backwards, do not add the message
        // if one has been previously added.
        if  (!CP->hasCallStackMessage())
          CP->setCallStackMessage(stackMsg);
      }
  }
}

static void CompactPathDiagnostic(PathPieces &path, const SourceManager& SM);

static bool GenerateMinimalPathDiagnostic(
    PathDiagnostic &PD, PathDiagnosticBuilder &PDB, const ExplodedNode *N,
    LocationContextMap &LCM,
    ArrayRef<std::unique_ptr<BugReporterVisitor>> visitors) {

  SourceManager& SMgr = PDB.getSourceManager();
  const LocationContext *LC = PDB.LC;
  const ExplodedNode *NextNode = N->pred_empty()
                                        ? nullptr : *(N->pred_begin());

  StackDiagVector CallStack;

  while (NextNode) {
    N = NextNode;
    PDB.LC = N->getLocationContext();
    NextNode = N->getFirstPred();

    ProgramPoint P = N->getLocation();

    do {
      if (Optional<CallExitEnd> CE = P.getAs<CallExitEnd>()) {
        PathDiagnosticCallPiece *C =
            PathDiagnosticCallPiece::construct(N, *CE, SMgr);
        // Record the mapping from call piece to LocationContext.
        LCM[&C->path] = CE->getCalleeContext();
        PD.getActivePath().push_front(C);
        PD.pushActivePath(&C->path);
        CallStack.push_back(StackDiagPair(C, N));
        break;
      }

      if (Optional<CallEnter> CE = P.getAs<CallEnter>()) {
        // Flush all locations, and pop the active path.
        bool VisitedEntireCall = PD.isWithinCall();
        PD.popActivePath();

        // Either we just added a bunch of stuff to the top-level path, or
        // we have a previous CallExitEnd.  If the former, it means that the
        // path terminated within a function call.  We must then take the
        // current contents of the active path and place it within
        // a new PathDiagnosticCallPiece.
        PathDiagnosticCallPiece *C;
        if (VisitedEntireCall) {
          C = cast<PathDiagnosticCallPiece>(PD.getActivePath().front());
        } else {
          const Decl *Caller = CE->getLocationContext()->getDecl();
          C = PathDiagnosticCallPiece::construct(PD.getActivePath(), Caller);
          // Record the mapping from call piece to LocationContext.
          LCM[&C->path] = CE->getCalleeContext();
        }

        C->setCallee(*CE, SMgr);
        if (!CallStack.empty()) {
          assert(CallStack.back().first == C);
          CallStack.pop_back();
        }
        break;
      }

      if (Optional<BlockEdge> BE = P.getAs<BlockEdge>()) {
        const CFGBlock *Src = BE->getSrc();
        const CFGBlock *Dst = BE->getDst();
        const Stmt *T = Src->getTerminator();

        if (!T)
          break;

        PathDiagnosticLocation Start =
            PathDiagnosticLocation::createBegin(T, SMgr,
                N->getLocationContext());

        switch (T->getStmtClass()) {
        default:
          break;

        case Stmt::GotoStmtClass:
        case Stmt::IndirectGotoStmtClass: {
          const Stmt *S = PathDiagnosticLocation::getNextStmt(N);

          if (!S)
            break;

          std::string sbuf;
          llvm::raw_string_ostream os(sbuf);
          const PathDiagnosticLocation &End = PDB.getEnclosingStmtLocation(S);

          os << "Control jumps to line "
              << End.asLocation().getExpansionLineNumber();
          PD.getActivePath().push_front(new PathDiagnosticControlFlowPiece(
              Start, End, os.str()));
          break;
        }

        case Stmt::SwitchStmtClass: {
          // Figure out what case arm we took.
          std::string sbuf;
          llvm::raw_string_ostream os(sbuf);

          if (const Stmt *S = Dst->getLabel()) {
            PathDiagnosticLocation End(S, SMgr, LC);

            switch (S->getStmtClass()) {
            default:
              os << "No cases match in the switch statement. "
              "Control jumps to line "
              << End.asLocation().getExpansionLineNumber();
              break;
            case Stmt::DefaultStmtClass:
              os << "Control jumps to the 'default' case at line "
              << End.asLocation().getExpansionLineNumber();
              break;

            case Stmt::CaseStmtClass: {
              os << "Control jumps to 'case ";
              const CaseStmt *Case = cast<CaseStmt>(S);
              const Expr *LHS = Case->getLHS()->IgnoreParenCasts();

              // Determine if it is an enum.
              bool GetRawInt = true;

              if (const DeclRefExpr *DR = dyn_cast<DeclRefExpr>(LHS)) {
                // FIXME: Maybe this should be an assertion.  Are there cases
                // were it is not an EnumConstantDecl?
                const EnumConstantDecl *D =
                    dyn_cast<EnumConstantDecl>(DR->getDecl());

                if (D) {
                  GetRawInt = false;
                  os << *D;
                }
              }

              if (GetRawInt)
                os << LHS->EvaluateKnownConstInt(PDB.getASTContext());

              os << ":'  at line "
                  << End.asLocation().getExpansionLineNumber();
              break;
            }
            }
            PD.getActivePath().push_front(new PathDiagnosticControlFlowPiece(
                Start, End, os.str()));
          }
          else {
            os << "'Default' branch taken. ";
            const PathDiagnosticLocation &End = PDB.ExecutionContinues(os, N);
            PD.getActivePath().push_front(new PathDiagnosticControlFlowPiece(
                Start, End, os.str()));
          }

          break;
        }

        case Stmt::BreakStmtClass:
        case Stmt::ContinueStmtClass: {
          std::string sbuf;
          llvm::raw_string_ostream os(sbuf);
          PathDiagnosticLocation End = PDB.ExecutionContinues(os, N);
          PD.getActivePath().push_front(new PathDiagnosticControlFlowPiece(
              Start, End, os.str()));
          break;
        }

        // Determine control-flow for ternary '?'.
        case Stmt::BinaryConditionalOperatorClass:
        case Stmt::ConditionalOperatorClass: {
          std::string sbuf;
          llvm::raw_string_ostream os(sbuf);
          os << "'?' condition is ";

          if (*(Src->succ_begin()+1) == Dst)
            os << "false";
          else
            os << "true";

          PathDiagnosticLocation End = PDB.ExecutionContinues(N);

          if (const Stmt *S = End.asStmt())
            End = PDB.getEnclosingStmtLocation(S);

          PD.getActivePath().push_front(new PathDiagnosticControlFlowPiece(
              Start, End, os.str()));
          break;
        }

        // Determine control-flow for short-circuited '&&' and '||'.
        case Stmt::BinaryOperatorClass: {
          if (!PDB.supportsLogicalOpControlFlow())
            break;

          const BinaryOperator *B = cast<BinaryOperator>(T);
          std::string sbuf;
          llvm::raw_string_ostream os(sbuf);
          os << "Left side of '";

          if (B->getOpcode() == BO_LAnd) {
            os << "&&" << "' is ";

            if (*(Src->succ_begin()+1) == Dst) {
              os << "false";
              PathDiagnosticLocation End(B->getLHS(), SMgr, LC);
              PathDiagnosticLocation Start =
                  PathDiagnosticLocation::createOperatorLoc(B, SMgr);
              PD.getActivePath().push_front(new PathDiagnosticControlFlowPiece(
                  Start, End, os.str()));
            }
            else {
              os << "true";
              PathDiagnosticLocation Start(B->getLHS(), SMgr, LC);
              PathDiagnosticLocation End = PDB.ExecutionContinues(N);
              PD.getActivePath().push_front(new PathDiagnosticControlFlowPiece(
                  Start, End, os.str()));
            }
          }
          else {
            assert(B->getOpcode() == BO_LOr);
            os << "||" << "' is ";

            if (*(Src->succ_begin()+1) == Dst) {
              os << "false";
              PathDiagnosticLocation Start(B->getLHS(), SMgr, LC);
              PathDiagnosticLocation End = PDB.ExecutionContinues(N);
              PD.getActivePath().push_front(new PathDiagnosticControlFlowPiece(
                  Start, End, os.str()));
            }
            else {
              os << "true";
              PathDiagnosticLocation End(B->getLHS(), SMgr, LC);
              PathDiagnosticLocation Start =
                  PathDiagnosticLocation::createOperatorLoc(B, SMgr);
              PD.getActivePath().push_front(new PathDiagnosticControlFlowPiece(
                  Start, End, os.str()));
            }
          }

          break;
        }

        case Stmt::DoStmtClass:  {
          if (*(Src->succ_begin()) == Dst) {
            std::string sbuf;
            llvm::raw_string_ostream os(sbuf);

            os << "Loop condition is true. ";
            PathDiagnosticLocation End = PDB.ExecutionContinues(os, N);

            if (const Stmt *S = End.asStmt())
              End = PDB.getEnclosingStmtLocation(S);

            PD.getActivePath().push_front(new PathDiagnosticControlFlowPiece(
                Start, End, os.str()));
          }
          else {
            PathDiagnosticLocation End = PDB.ExecutionContinues(N);

            if (const Stmt *S = End.asStmt())
              End = PDB.getEnclosingStmtLocation(S);

            PD.getActivePath().push_front(new PathDiagnosticControlFlowPiece(
                Start, End, "Loop condition is false.  Exiting loop"));
          }

          break;
        }

        case Stmt::WhileStmtClass:
        case Stmt::ForStmtClass: {
          if (*(Src->succ_begin()+1) == Dst) {
            std::string sbuf;
            llvm::raw_string_ostream os(sbuf);

            os << "Loop condition is false. ";
            PathDiagnosticLocation End = PDB.ExecutionContinues(os, N);
            if (const Stmt *S = End.asStmt())
              End = PDB.getEnclosingStmtLocation(S);

            PD.getActivePath().push_front(new PathDiagnosticControlFlowPiece(
                Start, End, os.str()));
          }
          else {
            PathDiagnosticLocation End = PDB.ExecutionContinues(N);
            if (const Stmt *S = End.asStmt())
              End = PDB.getEnclosingStmtLocation(S);

            PD.getActivePath().push_front(new PathDiagnosticControlFlowPiece(
                Start, End, "Loop condition is true.  Entering loop body"));
          }

          break;
        }

        case Stmt::IfStmtClass: {
          PathDiagnosticLocation End = PDB.ExecutionContinues(N);

          if (const Stmt *S = End.asStmt())
            End = PDB.getEnclosingStmtLocation(S);

          if (*(Src->succ_begin()+1) == Dst)
            PD.getActivePath().push_front(new PathDiagnosticControlFlowPiece(
                Start, End, "Taking false branch"));
          else
            PD.getActivePath().push_front(new PathDiagnosticControlFlowPiece(
                Start, End, "Taking true branch"));

          break;
        }
        }
      }
    } while(0);

    if (NextNode) {
      // Add diagnostic pieces from custom visitors.
      BugReport *R = PDB.getBugReport();
      for (auto &V : visitors) {
        if (PathDiagnosticPiece *p = V->VisitNode(N, NextNode, PDB, *R)) {
          PD.getActivePath().push_front(p);
          updateStackPiecesWithMessage(p, CallStack);
        }
      }
    }
  }

  if (!PDB.getBugReport()->isValid())
    return false;

  // After constructing the full PathDiagnostic, do a pass over it to compact
  // PathDiagnosticPieces that occur within a macro.
  CompactPathDiagnostic(PD.getMutablePieces(), PDB.getSourceManager());
  return true;
}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// "Extensive" PathDiagnostic generation.
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

static bool IsControlFlowExpr(const Stmt *S) {
  const Expr *E = dyn_cast<Expr>(S);

  if (!E)
    return false;

  E = E->IgnoreParenCasts();

  if (isa<AbstractConditionalOperator>(E))
    return true;

  if (const BinaryOperator *B = dyn_cast<BinaryOperator>(E))
    if (B->isLogicalOp())
      return true;

  return false;
}

namespace {
class ContextLocation : public PathDiagnosticLocation {
  bool IsDead;
public:
  ContextLocation(const PathDiagnosticLocation &L, bool isdead = false)
    : PathDiagnosticLocation(L), IsDead(isdead) {}

  void markDead() { IsDead = true; }
  bool isDead() const { return IsDead; }
};

static PathDiagnosticLocation cleanUpLocation(PathDiagnosticLocation L,
                                              const LocationContext *LC,
                                              bool firstCharOnly = false) {
  if (const Stmt *S = L.asStmt()) {
    const Stmt *Original = S;
    while (1) {
      // Adjust the location for some expressions that are best referenced
      // by one of their subexpressions.
      switch (S->getStmtClass()) {
        default:
          break;
        case Stmt::ParenExprClass:
        case Stmt::GenericSelectionExprClass:
          S = cast<Expr>(S)->IgnoreParens();
          firstCharOnly = true;
          continue;
        case Stmt::BinaryConditionalOperatorClass:
        case Stmt::ConditionalOperatorClass:
          S = cast<AbstractConditionalOperator>(S)->getCond();
          firstCharOnly = true;
          continue;
        case Stmt::ChooseExprClass:
          S = cast<ChooseExpr>(S)->getCond();
          firstCharOnly = true;
          continue;
        case Stmt::BinaryOperatorClass:
          S = cast<BinaryOperator>(S)->getLHS();
          firstCharOnly = true;
          continue;
      }

      break;
    }

    if (S != Original)
      L = PathDiagnosticLocation(S, L.getManager(), LC);
  }

  if (firstCharOnly)
    L  = PathDiagnosticLocation::createSingleLocation(L);
  
  return L;
}

class EdgeBuilder {
  std::vector<ContextLocation> CLocs;
  typedef std::vector<ContextLocation>::iterator iterator;
  PathDiagnostic &PD;
  PathDiagnosticBuilder &PDB;
  PathDiagnosticLocation PrevLoc;

  bool IsConsumedExpr(const PathDiagnosticLocation &L);

  bool containsLocation(const PathDiagnosticLocation &Container,
                        const PathDiagnosticLocation &Containee);

  PathDiagnosticLocation getContextLocation(const PathDiagnosticLocation &L);



  void popLocation() {
    if (!CLocs.back().isDead() && CLocs.back().asLocation().isFileID()) {
      // For contexts, we only one the first character as the range.
      rawAddEdge(cleanUpLocation(CLocs.back(), PDB.LC, true));
    }
    CLocs.pop_back();
  }

public:
  EdgeBuilder(PathDiagnostic &pd, PathDiagnosticBuilder &pdb)
    : PD(pd), PDB(pdb) {

      // If the PathDiagnostic already has pieces, add the enclosing statement
      // of the first piece as a context as well.
      if (!PD.path.empty()) {
        PrevLoc = (*PD.path.begin())->getLocation();

        if (const Stmt *S = PrevLoc.asStmt())
          addExtendedContext(PDB.getEnclosingStmtLocation(S).asStmt());
      }
  }

  ~EdgeBuilder() {
    while (!CLocs.empty()) popLocation();
    
    // Finally, add an initial edge from the start location of the first
    // statement (if it doesn't already exist).
    PathDiagnosticLocation L = PathDiagnosticLocation::createDeclBegin(
                                                       PDB.LC,
                                                       PDB.getSourceManager());
    if (L.isValid())
      rawAddEdge(L);
  }

  void flushLocations() {
    while (!CLocs.empty())
      popLocation();
    PrevLoc = PathDiagnosticLocation();
  }
  
  void addEdge(PathDiagnosticLocation NewLoc, bool alwaysAdd = false,
               bool IsPostJump = false);

  void rawAddEdge(PathDiagnosticLocation NewLoc);

  void addContext(const Stmt *S);
  void addContext(const PathDiagnosticLocation &L);
  void addExtendedContext(const Stmt *S);
};
} // end anonymous namespace


PathDiagnosticLocation
EdgeBuilder::getContextLocation(const PathDiagnosticLocation &L) {
  if (const Stmt *S = L.asStmt()) {
    if (IsControlFlowExpr(S))
      return L;

    return PDB.getEnclosingStmtLocation(S);
  }

  return L;
}

bool EdgeBuilder::containsLocation(const PathDiagnosticLocation &Container,
                                   const PathDiagnosticLocation &Containee) {

  if (Container == Containee)
    return true;

  if (Container.asDecl())
    return true;

  if (const Stmt *S = Containee.asStmt())
    if (const Stmt *ContainerS = Container.asStmt()) {
      while (S) {
        if (S == ContainerS)
          return true;
        S = PDB.getParent(S);
      }
      return false;
    }

  // Less accurate: compare using source ranges.
  SourceRange ContainerR = Container.asRange();
  SourceRange ContaineeR = Containee.asRange();

  SourceManager &SM = PDB.getSourceManager();
  SourceLocation ContainerRBeg = SM.getExpansionLoc(ContainerR.getBegin());
  SourceLocation ContainerREnd = SM.getExpansionLoc(ContainerR.getEnd());
  SourceLocation ContaineeRBeg = SM.getExpansionLoc(ContaineeR.getBegin());
  SourceLocation ContaineeREnd = SM.getExpansionLoc(ContaineeR.getEnd());

  unsigned ContainerBegLine = SM.getExpansionLineNumber(ContainerRBeg);
  unsigned ContainerEndLine = SM.getExpansionLineNumber(ContainerREnd);
  unsigned ContaineeBegLine = SM.getExpansionLineNumber(ContaineeRBeg);
  unsigned ContaineeEndLine = SM.getExpansionLineNumber(ContaineeREnd);

  assert(ContainerBegLine <= ContainerEndLine);
  assert(ContaineeBegLine <= ContaineeEndLine);

  return (ContainerBegLine <= ContaineeBegLine &&
          ContainerEndLine >= ContaineeEndLine &&
          (ContainerBegLine != ContaineeBegLine ||
           SM.getExpansionColumnNumber(ContainerRBeg) <=
           SM.getExpansionColumnNumber(ContaineeRBeg)) &&
          (ContainerEndLine != ContaineeEndLine ||
           SM.getExpansionColumnNumber(ContainerREnd) >=
           SM.getExpansionColumnNumber(ContaineeREnd)));
}

void EdgeBuilder::rawAddEdge(PathDiagnosticLocation NewLoc) {
  if (!PrevLoc.isValid()) {
    PrevLoc = NewLoc;
    return;
  }

  const PathDiagnosticLocation &NewLocClean = cleanUpLocation(NewLoc, PDB.LC);
  const PathDiagnosticLocation &PrevLocClean = cleanUpLocation(PrevLoc, PDB.LC);

  if (PrevLocClean.asLocation().isInvalid()) {
    PrevLoc = NewLoc;
    return;
  }
  
  if (NewLocClean.asLocation() == PrevLocClean.asLocation())
    return;

  // FIXME: Ignore intra-macro edges for now.
  if (NewLocClean.asLocation().getExpansionLoc() ==
      PrevLocClean.asLocation().getExpansionLoc())
    return;

  PD.getActivePath().push_front(new PathDiagnosticControlFlowPiece(NewLocClean, PrevLocClean));
  PrevLoc = NewLoc;
}

void EdgeBuilder::addEdge(PathDiagnosticLocation NewLoc, bool alwaysAdd,
                          bool IsPostJump) {

  if (!alwaysAdd && NewLoc.asLocation().isMacroID())
    return;

  const PathDiagnosticLocation &CLoc = getContextLocation(NewLoc);

  while (!CLocs.empty()) {
    ContextLocation &TopContextLoc = CLocs.back();

    // Is the top location context the same as the one for the new location?
    if (TopContextLoc == CLoc) {
      if (alwaysAdd) {
        if (IsConsumedExpr(TopContextLoc))
          TopContextLoc.markDead();

        rawAddEdge(NewLoc);
      }

      if (IsPostJump)
        TopContextLoc.markDead();
      return;
    }

    if (containsLocation(TopContextLoc, CLoc)) {
      if (alwaysAdd) {
        rawAddEdge(NewLoc);

        if (IsConsumedExpr(CLoc)) {
          CLocs.push_back(ContextLocation(CLoc, /*IsDead=*/true));
          return;
        }
      }

      CLocs.push_back(ContextLocation(CLoc, /*IsDead=*/IsPostJump));
      return;
    }

    // Context does not contain the location.  Flush it.
    popLocation();
  }

  // If we reach here, there is no enclosing context.  Just add the edge.
  rawAddEdge(NewLoc);
}

bool EdgeBuilder::IsConsumedExpr(const PathDiagnosticLocation &L) {
  if (const Expr *X = dyn_cast_or_null<Expr>(L.asStmt()))
    return PDB.getParentMap().isConsumedExpr(X) && !IsControlFlowExpr(X);

  return false;
}

void EdgeBuilder::addExtendedContext(const Stmt *S) {
  if (!S)
    return;

  const Stmt *Parent = PDB.getParent(S);
  while (Parent) {
    if (isa<CompoundStmt>(Parent))
      Parent = PDB.getParent(Parent);
    else
      break;
  }

  if (Parent) {
    switch (Parent->getStmtClass()) {
      case Stmt::DoStmtClass:
      case Stmt::ObjCAtSynchronizedStmtClass:
        addContext(Parent);
      default:
        break;
    }
  }

  addContext(S);
}

void EdgeBuilder::addContext(const Stmt *S) {
  if (!S)
    return;

  PathDiagnosticLocation L(S, PDB.getSourceManager(), PDB.LC);
  addContext(L);
}

void EdgeBuilder::addContext(const PathDiagnosticLocation &L) {
  while (!CLocs.empty()) {
    const PathDiagnosticLocation &TopContextLoc = CLocs.back();

    // Is the top location context the same as the one for the new location?
    if (TopContextLoc == L)
      return;

    if (containsLocation(TopContextLoc, L)) {
      CLocs.push_back(L);
      return;
    }

    // Context does not contain the location.  Flush it.
    popLocation();
  }

  CLocs.push_back(L);
}

// Cone-of-influence: support the reverse propagation of "interesting" symbols
// and values by tracing interesting calculations backwards through evaluated
// expressions along a path.  This is probably overly complicated, but the idea
// is that if an expression computed an "interesting" value, the child
// expressions are are also likely to be "interesting" as well (which then
// propagates to the values they in turn compute).  This reverse propagation
// is needed to track interesting correlations across function call boundaries,
// where formal arguments bind to actual arguments, etc.  This is also needed
// because the constraint solver sometimes simplifies certain symbolic values
// into constants when appropriate, and this complicates reasoning about
// interesting values.
typedef llvm::DenseSet<const Expr *> InterestingExprs;

static void reversePropagateIntererstingSymbols(BugReport &R,
                                                InterestingExprs &IE,
                                                const ProgramState *State,
                                                const Expr *Ex,
                                                const LocationContext *LCtx) {
  SVal V = State->getSVal(Ex, LCtx);
  if (!(R.isInteresting(V) || IE.count(Ex)))
    return;
  
  switch (Ex->getStmtClass()) {
    default:
      if (!isa<CastExpr>(Ex))
        break;
      // Fall through.
    case Stmt::BinaryOperatorClass:
    case Stmt::UnaryOperatorClass: {
      for (Stmt::const_child_iterator CI = Ex->child_begin(),
            CE = Ex->child_end();
            CI != CE; ++CI) {
        if (const Expr *child = dyn_cast_or_null<Expr>(*CI)) {
          IE.insert(child);
          SVal ChildV = State->getSVal(child, LCtx);
          R.markInteresting(ChildV);
        }
      }
      break;
    }
  }
  
  R.markInteresting(V);
}

static void reversePropagateInterestingSymbols(BugReport &R,
                                               InterestingExprs &IE,
                                               const ProgramState *State,
                                               const LocationContext *CalleeCtx,
                                               const LocationContext *CallerCtx)
{
  // FIXME: Handle non-CallExpr-based CallEvents.
  const StackFrameContext *Callee = CalleeCtx->getCurrentStackFrame();
  const Stmt *CallSite = Callee->getCallSite();
  if (const CallExpr *CE = dyn_cast_or_null<CallExpr>(CallSite)) {
    if (const FunctionDecl *FD = dyn_cast<FunctionDecl>(CalleeCtx->getDecl())) {
      FunctionDecl::param_const_iterator PI = FD->param_begin(), 
                                         PE = FD->param_end();
      CallExpr::const_arg_iterator AI = CE->arg_begin(), AE = CE->arg_end();
      for (; AI != AE && PI != PE; ++AI, ++PI) {
        if (const Expr *ArgE = *AI) {
          if (const ParmVarDecl *PD = *PI) {
            Loc LV = State->getLValue(PD, CalleeCtx);
            if (R.isInteresting(LV) || R.isInteresting(State->getRawSVal(LV)))
              IE.insert(ArgE);
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Functions for determining if a loop was executed 0 times.
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

static bool isLoop(const Stmt *Term) {
  switch (Term->getStmtClass()) {
    case Stmt::ForStmtClass:
    case Stmt::WhileStmtClass:
    case Stmt::ObjCForCollectionStmtClass:
    case Stmt::CXXForRangeStmtClass:
      return true;
    default:
      // Note that we intentionally do not include do..while here.
      return false;
  }
}

static bool isJumpToFalseBranch(const BlockEdge *BE) {
  const CFGBlock *Src = BE->getSrc();
  assert(Src->succ_size() == 2);
  return (*(Src->succ_begin()+1) == BE->getDst());
}

/// Return true if the terminator is a loop and the destination is the
/// false branch.
static bool isLoopJumpPastBody(const Stmt *Term, const BlockEdge *BE) {
  if (!isLoop(Term))
    return false;

  // Did we take the false branch?
  return isJumpToFalseBranch(BE);
}

static bool isContainedByStmt(ParentMap &PM, const Stmt *S, const Stmt *SubS) {
  while (SubS) {
    if (SubS == S)
      return true;
    SubS = PM.getParent(SubS);
  }
  return false;
}

static const Stmt *getStmtBeforeCond(ParentMap &PM, const Stmt *Term,
                                     const ExplodedNode *N) {
  while (N) {
    Optional<StmtPoint> SP = N->getLocation().getAs<StmtPoint>();
    if (SP) {
      const Stmt *S = SP->getStmt();
      if (!isContainedByStmt(PM, Term, S))
        return S;
    }
    N = N->getFirstPred();
  }
  return nullptr;
}

static bool isInLoopBody(ParentMap &PM, const Stmt *S, const Stmt *Term) {
  const Stmt *LoopBody = nullptr;
  switch (Term->getStmtClass()) {
    case Stmt::CXXForRangeStmtClass: {
      const CXXForRangeStmt *FR = cast<CXXForRangeStmt>(Term);
      if (isContainedByStmt(PM, FR->getInc(), S))
        return true;
      if (isContainedByStmt(PM, FR->getLoopVarStmt(), S))
        return true;
      LoopBody = FR->getBody();
      break;
    }
    case Stmt::ForStmtClass: {
      const ForStmt *FS = cast<ForStmt>(Term);
      if (isContainedByStmt(PM, FS->getInc(), S))
        return true;
      LoopBody = FS->getBody();
      break;
    }
    case Stmt::ObjCForCollectionStmtClass: {
      const ObjCForCollectionStmt *FC = cast<ObjCForCollectionStmt>(Term);
      LoopBody = FC->getBody();
      break;
    }
    case Stmt::WhileStmtClass:
      LoopBody = cast<WhileStmt>(Term)->getBody();
      break;
    default:
      return false;
  }
  return isContainedByStmt(PM, LoopBody, S);
}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Top-level logic for generating extensive path diagnostics.
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

static bool GenerateExtensivePathDiagnostic(
    PathDiagnostic &PD, PathDiagnosticBuilder &PDB, const ExplodedNode *N,
    LocationContextMap &LCM,
    ArrayRef<std::unique_ptr<BugReporterVisitor>> visitors) {
  EdgeBuilder EB(PD, PDB);
  const SourceManager& SM = PDB.getSourceManager();
  StackDiagVector CallStack;
  InterestingExprs IE;

  const ExplodedNode *NextNode = N->pred_empty() ? nullptr : *(N->pred_begin());
  while (NextNode) {
    N = NextNode;
    NextNode = N->getFirstPred();
    ProgramPoint P = N->getLocation();

    do {
      if (Optional<PostStmt> PS = P.getAs<PostStmt>()) {
        if (const Expr *Ex = PS->getStmtAs<Expr>())
          reversePropagateIntererstingSymbols(*PDB.getBugReport(), IE,
                                              N->getState().get(), Ex,
                                              N->getLocationContext());
      }
      
      if (Optional<CallExitEnd> CE = P.getAs<CallExitEnd>()) {
        const Stmt *S = CE->getCalleeContext()->getCallSite();
        if (const Expr *Ex = dyn_cast_or_null<Expr>(S)) {
            reversePropagateIntererstingSymbols(*PDB.getBugReport(), IE,
                                                N->getState().get(), Ex,
                                                N->getLocationContext());
        }
        
        PathDiagnosticCallPiece *C =
          PathDiagnosticCallPiece::construct(N, *CE, SM);
        LCM[&C->path] = CE->getCalleeContext();

        EB.addEdge(C->callReturn, /*AlwaysAdd=*/true, /*IsPostJump=*/true);
        EB.flushLocations();

        PD.getActivePath().push_front(C);
        PD.pushActivePath(&C->path);
        CallStack.push_back(StackDiagPair(C, N));
        break;
      }
      
      // Pop the call hierarchy if we are done walking the contents
      // of a function call.
      if (Optional<CallEnter> CE = P.getAs<CallEnter>()) {
        // Add an edge to the start of the function.
        const Decl *D = CE->getCalleeContext()->getDecl();
        PathDiagnosticLocation pos =
          PathDiagnosticLocation::createBegin(D, SM);
        EB.addEdge(pos);
        
        // Flush all locations, and pop the active path.
        bool VisitedEntireCall = PD.isWithinCall();
        EB.flushLocations();
        PD.popActivePath();
        PDB.LC = N->getLocationContext();

        // Either we just added a bunch of stuff to the top-level path, or
        // we have a previous CallExitEnd.  If the former, it means that the
        // path terminated within a function call.  We must then take the
        // current contents of the active path and place it within
        // a new PathDiagnosticCallPiece.
        PathDiagnosticCallPiece *C;
        if (VisitedEntireCall) {
          C = cast<PathDiagnosticCallPiece>(PD.getActivePath().front());
        } else {
          const Decl *Caller = CE->getLocationContext()->getDecl();
          C = PathDiagnosticCallPiece::construct(PD.getActivePath(), Caller);
          LCM[&C->path] = CE->getCalleeContext();
        }

        C->setCallee(*CE, SM);
        EB.addContext(C->getLocation());

        if (!CallStack.empty()) {
          assert(CallStack.back().first == C);
          CallStack.pop_back();
        }
        break;
      }
      
      // Note that is important that we update the LocationContext
      // after looking at CallExits.  CallExit basically adds an
      // edge in the *caller*, so we don't want to update the LocationContext
      // too soon.
      PDB.LC = N->getLocationContext();

      // Block edges.
      if (Optional<BlockEdge> BE = P.getAs<BlockEdge>()) {
        // Does this represent entering a call?  If so, look at propagating
        // interesting symbols across call boundaries.
        if (NextNode) {
          const LocationContext *CallerCtx = NextNode->getLocationContext();
          const LocationContext *CalleeCtx = PDB.LC;
          if (CallerCtx != CalleeCtx) {
            reversePropagateInterestingSymbols(*PDB.getBugReport(), IE,
                                               N->getState().get(),
                                               CalleeCtx, CallerCtx);
          }
        }
       
        // Are we jumping to the head of a loop?  Add a special diagnostic.
        if (const Stmt *Loop = BE->getSrc()->getLoopTarget()) {
          PathDiagnosticLocation L(Loop, SM, PDB.LC);
          const CompoundStmt *CS = nullptr;

          if (const ForStmt *FS = dyn_cast<ForStmt>(Loop))
            CS = dyn_cast<CompoundStmt>(FS->getBody());
          else if (const WhileStmt *WS = dyn_cast<WhileStmt>(Loop))
            CS = dyn_cast<CompoundStmt>(WS->getBody());

          PathDiagnosticEventPiece *p =
            new PathDiagnosticEventPiece(L,
                                        "Looping back to the head of the loop");
          p->setPrunable(true);

          EB.addEdge(p->getLocation(), true);
          PD.getActivePath().push_front(p);

          if (CS) {
            PathDiagnosticLocation BL =
              PathDiagnosticLocation::createEndBrace(CS, SM);
            EB.addEdge(BL);
          }
        }

        const CFGBlock *BSrc = BE->getSrc();
        ParentMap &PM = PDB.getParentMap();

        if (const Stmt *Term = BSrc->getTerminator()) {
          // Are we jumping past the loop body without ever executing the
          // loop (because the condition was false)?
          if (isLoopJumpPastBody(Term, &*BE) &&
              !isInLoopBody(PM,
                            getStmtBeforeCond(PM,
                                              BSrc->getTerminatorCondition(),
                                              N),
                            Term)) {
            PathDiagnosticLocation L(Term, SM, PDB.LC);
            PathDiagnosticEventPiece *PE =
                new PathDiagnosticEventPiece(L, "Loop body executed 0 times");
            PE->setPrunable(true);

            EB.addEdge(PE->getLocation(), true);
            PD.getActivePath().push_front(PE);
          }

          // In any case, add the terminator as the current statement
          // context for control edges.
          EB.addContext(Term);
        }

        break;
      }

      if (Optional<BlockEntrance> BE = P.getAs<BlockEntrance>()) {
        Optional<CFGElement> First = BE->getFirstElement();
        if (Optional<CFGStmt> S = First ? First->getAs<CFGStmt>() : None) {
          const Stmt *stmt = S->getStmt();
          if (IsControlFlowExpr(stmt)) {
            // Add the proper context for '&&', '||', and '?'.
            EB.addContext(stmt);
          }
          else
            EB.addExtendedContext(PDB.getEnclosingStmtLocation(stmt).asStmt());
        }
        
        break;
      }
      
      
    } while (0);

    if (!NextNode)
      continue;

    // Add pieces from custom visitors.
    BugReport *R = PDB.getBugReport();
    for (auto &V : visitors) {
      if (PathDiagnosticPiece *p = V->VisitNode(N, NextNode, PDB, *R)) {
        const PathDiagnosticLocation &Loc = p->getLocation();
        EB.addEdge(Loc, true);
        PD.getActivePath().push_front(p);
        updateStackPiecesWithMessage(p, CallStack);

        if (const Stmt *S = Loc.asStmt())
          EB.addExtendedContext(PDB.getEnclosingStmtLocation(S).asStmt());
      }
    }
  }

  return PDB.getBugReport()->isValid();
}

/// \brief Adds a sanitized control-flow diagnostic edge to a path.
static void addEdgeToPath(PathPieces &path,
                          PathDiagnosticLocation &PrevLoc,
                          PathDiagnosticLocation NewLoc,
                          const LocationContext *LC) {
  if (!NewLoc.isValid())
    return;

  SourceLocation NewLocL = NewLoc.asLocation();
  if (NewLocL.isInvalid())
    return;

  if (!PrevLoc.isValid() || !PrevLoc.asLocation().isValid()) {
    PrevLoc = NewLoc;
    return;
  }

  // Ignore self-edges, which occur when there are multiple nodes at the same
  // statement.
  if (NewLoc.asStmt() && NewLoc.asStmt() == PrevLoc.asStmt())
    return;

  path.push_front(new PathDiagnosticControlFlowPiece(NewLoc,
                                                     PrevLoc));
  PrevLoc = NewLoc;
}

/// A customized wrapper for CFGBlock::getTerminatorCondition()
/// which returns the element for ObjCForCollectionStmts.
static const Stmt *getTerminatorCondition(const CFGBlock *B) {
  const Stmt *S = B->getTerminatorCondition();
  if (const ObjCForCollectionStmt *FS =
      dyn_cast_or_null<ObjCForCollectionStmt>(S))
    return FS->getElement();
  return S;
}

static const char StrEnteringLoop[] = "Entering loop body";
static const char StrLoopBodyZero[] = "Loop body executed 0 times";
static const char StrLoopRangeEmpty[] =
  "Loop body skipped when range is empty";
static const char StrLoopCollectionEmpty[] =
  "Loop body skipped when collection is empty";

static bool GenerateAlternateExtensivePathDiagnostic(
    PathDiagnostic &PD, PathDiagnosticBuilder &PDB, const ExplodedNode *N,
    LocationContextMap &LCM,
    ArrayRef<std::unique_ptr<BugReporterVisitor>> visitors) {

  BugReport *report = PDB.getBugReport();
  const SourceManager& SM = PDB.getSourceManager();
  StackDiagVector CallStack;
  InterestingExprs IE;

  PathDiagnosticLocation PrevLoc = PD.getLocation();

  const ExplodedNode *NextNode = N->getFirstPred();
  while (NextNode) {
    N = NextNode;
    NextNode = N->getFirstPred();
    ProgramPoint P = N->getLocation();

    do {
      // Have we encountered an entrance to a call?  It may be
      // the case that we have not encountered a matching
      // call exit before this point.  This means that the path
      // terminated within the call itself.
      if (Optional<CallEnter> CE = P.getAs<CallEnter>()) {
        // Add an edge to the start of the function.
        const StackFrameContext *CalleeLC = CE->getCalleeContext();
        const Decl *D = CalleeLC->getDecl();
        addEdgeToPath(PD.getActivePath(), PrevLoc,
                      PathDiagnosticLocation::createBegin(D, SM),
                      CalleeLC);

        // Did we visit an entire call?
        bool VisitedEntireCall = PD.isWithinCall();
        PD.popActivePath();

        PathDiagnosticCallPiece *C;
        if (VisitedEntireCall) {
          PathDiagnosticPiece *P = PD.getActivePath().front().get();
          C = cast<PathDiagnosticCallPiece>(P);
        } else {
          const Decl *Caller = CE->getLocationContext()->getDecl();
          C = PathDiagnosticCallPiece::construct(PD.getActivePath(), Caller);

          // Since we just transferred the path over to the call piece,
          // reset the mapping from active to location context.
          assert(PD.getActivePath().size() == 1 &&
                 PD.getActivePath().front() == C);
          LCM[&PD.getActivePath()] = nullptr;

          // Record the location context mapping for the path within
          // the call.
          assert(LCM[&C->path] == nullptr ||
                 LCM[&C->path] == CE->getCalleeContext());
          LCM[&C->path] = CE->getCalleeContext();

          // If this is the first item in the active path, record
          // the new mapping from active path to location context.
          const LocationContext *&NewLC = LCM[&PD.getActivePath()];
          if (!NewLC)
            NewLC = N->getLocationContext();

          PDB.LC = NewLC;
        }
        C->setCallee(*CE, SM);

        // Update the previous location in the active path.
        PrevLoc = C->getLocation();

        if (!CallStack.empty()) {
          assert(CallStack.back().first == C);
          CallStack.pop_back();
        }
        break;
      }

      // Query the location context here and the previous location
      // as processing CallEnter may change the active path.
      PDB.LC = N->getLocationContext();

      // Record the mapping from the active path to the location
      // context.
      assert(!LCM[&PD.getActivePath()] ||
             LCM[&PD.getActivePath()] == PDB.LC);
      LCM[&PD.getActivePath()] = PDB.LC;

      // Have we encountered an exit from a function call?
      if (Optional<CallExitEnd> CE = P.getAs<CallExitEnd>()) {
        const Stmt *S = CE->getCalleeContext()->getCallSite();
        // Propagate the interesting symbols accordingly.
        if (const Expr *Ex = dyn_cast_or_null<Expr>(S)) {
          reversePropagateIntererstingSymbols(*PDB.getBugReport(), IE,
                                              N->getState().get(), Ex,
                                              N->getLocationContext());
        }

        // We are descending into a call (backwards).  Construct
        // a new call piece to contain the path pieces for that call.
        PathDiagnosticCallPiece *C =
          PathDiagnosticCallPiece::construct(N, *CE, SM);

        // Record the location context for this call piece.
        LCM[&C->path] = CE->getCalleeContext();

        // Add the edge to the return site.
        addEdgeToPath(PD.getActivePath(), PrevLoc, C->callReturn, PDB.LC);
        PD.getActivePath().push_front(C);
        PrevLoc.invalidate();

        // Make the contents of the call the active path for now.
        PD.pushActivePath(&C->path);
        CallStack.push_back(StackDiagPair(C, N));
        break;
      }

      if (Optional<PostStmt> PS = P.getAs<PostStmt>()) {
        // For expressions, make sure we propagate the
        // interesting symbols correctly.
        if (const Expr *Ex = PS->getStmtAs<Expr>())
          reversePropagateIntererstingSymbols(*PDB.getBugReport(), IE,
                                              N->getState().get(), Ex,
                                              N->getLocationContext());

        // Add an edge.  If this is an ObjCForCollectionStmt do
        // not add an edge here as it appears in the CFG both
        // as a terminator and as a terminator condition.
        if (!isa<ObjCForCollectionStmt>(PS->getStmt())) {
          PathDiagnosticLocation L =
            PathDiagnosticLocation(PS->getStmt(), SM, PDB.LC);
          addEdgeToPath(PD.getActivePath(), PrevLoc, L, PDB.LC);
        }
        break;
      }

      // Block edges.
      if (Optional<BlockEdge> BE = P.getAs<BlockEdge>()) {
        // Does this represent entering a call?  If so, look at propagating
        // interesting symbols across call boundaries.
        if (NextNode) {
          const LocationContext *CallerCtx = NextNode->getLocationContext();
          const LocationContext *CalleeCtx = PDB.LC;
          if (CallerCtx != CalleeCtx) {
            reversePropagateInterestingSymbols(*PDB.getBugReport(), IE,
                                               N->getState().get(),
                                               CalleeCtx, CallerCtx);
          }
        }

        // Are we jumping to the head of a loop?  Add a special diagnostic.
        if (const Stmt *Loop = BE->getSrc()->getLoopTarget()) {
          PathDiagnosticLocation L(Loop, SM, PDB.LC);
          const Stmt *Body = nullptr;

          if (const ForStmt *FS = dyn_cast<ForStmt>(Loop))
            Body = FS->getBody();
          else if (const WhileStmt *WS = dyn_cast<WhileStmt>(Loop))
            Body = WS->getBody();
          else if (const ObjCForCollectionStmt *OFS =
                     dyn_cast<ObjCForCollectionStmt>(Loop)) {
            Body = OFS->getBody();
          } else if (const CXXForRangeStmt *FRS =
                       dyn_cast<CXXForRangeStmt>(Loop)) {
            Body = FRS->getBody();
          }
          // do-while statements are explicitly excluded here

          PathDiagnosticEventPiece *p =
            new PathDiagnosticEventPiece(L, "Looping back to the head "
                                            "of the loop");
          p->setPrunable(true);

          addEdgeToPath(PD.getActivePath(), PrevLoc, p->getLocation(), PDB.LC);
          PD.getActivePath().push_front(p);

          if (const CompoundStmt *CS = dyn_cast_or_null<CompoundStmt>(Body)) {
            addEdgeToPath(PD.getActivePath(), PrevLoc,
                          PathDiagnosticLocation::createEndBrace(CS, SM),
                          PDB.LC);
          }
        }

        const CFGBlock *BSrc = BE->getSrc();
        ParentMap &PM = PDB.getParentMap();

        if (const Stmt *Term = BSrc->getTerminator()) {
          // Are we jumping past the loop body without ever executing the
          // loop (because the condition was false)?
          if (isLoop(Term)) {
            const Stmt *TermCond = getTerminatorCondition(BSrc);
            bool IsInLoopBody =
              isInLoopBody(PM, getStmtBeforeCond(PM, TermCond, N), Term);

            const char *str = nullptr;

            if (isJumpToFalseBranch(&*BE)) {
              if (!IsInLoopBody) {
                if (isa<ObjCForCollectionStmt>(Term)) {
                  str = StrLoopCollectionEmpty;
                } else if (isa<CXXForRangeStmt>(Term)) {
                  str = StrLoopRangeEmpty;
                } else {
                  str = StrLoopBodyZero;
                }
              }
            } else {
              str = StrEnteringLoop;
            }

            if (str) {
              PathDiagnosticLocation L(TermCond ? TermCond : Term, SM, PDB.LC);
              PathDiagnosticEventPiece *PE =
                new PathDiagnosticEventPiece(L, str);
              PE->setPrunable(true);
              addEdgeToPath(PD.getActivePath(), PrevLoc,
                            PE->getLocation(), PDB.LC);
              PD.getActivePath().push_front(PE);
            }
          } else if (isa<BreakStmt>(Term) || isa<ContinueStmt>(Term) ||
                     isa<GotoStmt>(Term)) {
            PathDiagnosticLocation L(Term, SM, PDB.LC);
            addEdgeToPath(PD.getActivePath(), PrevLoc, L, PDB.LC);
          }
        }
        break;
      }
    } while (0);

    if (!NextNode)
      continue;

    // Add pieces from custom visitors.
    for (auto &V : visitors) {
      if (PathDiagnosticPiece *p = V->VisitNode(N, NextNode, PDB, *report)) {
        addEdgeToPath(PD.getActivePath(), PrevLoc, p->getLocation(), PDB.LC);
        PD.getActivePath().push_front(p);
        updateStackPiecesWithMessage(p, CallStack);
      }
    }
  }

  // Add an edge to the start of the function.
  // We'll prune it out later, but it helps make diagnostics more uniform.
  const StackFrameContext *CalleeLC = PDB.LC->getCurrentStackFrame();
  const Decl *D = CalleeLC->getDecl();
  addEdgeToPath(PD.getActivePath(), PrevLoc,
                PathDiagnosticLocation::createBegin(D, SM),
                CalleeLC);

  return report->isValid();
}

static const Stmt *getLocStmt(PathDiagnosticLocation L) {
  if (!L.isValid())
    return nullptr;
  return L.asStmt();
}

static const Stmt *getStmtParent(const Stmt *S, const ParentMap &PM) {
  if (!S)
    return nullptr;

  while (true) {
    S = PM.getParentIgnoreParens(S);

    if (!S)
      break;

    if (isa<ExprWithCleanups>(S) ||
        isa<CXXBindTemporaryExpr>(S) ||
        isa<SubstNonTypeTemplateParmExpr>(S))
      continue;

    break;
  }

  return S;
}

static bool isConditionForTerminator(const Stmt *S, const Stmt *Cond) {
  switch (S->getStmtClass()) {
    case Stmt::BinaryOperatorClass: {
      const BinaryOperator *BO = cast<BinaryOperator>(S);
      if (!BO->isLogicalOp())
        return false;
      return BO->getLHS() == Cond || BO->getRHS() == Cond;
    }
    case Stmt::IfStmtClass:
      return cast<IfStmt>(S)->getCond() == Cond;
    case Stmt::ForStmtClass:
      return cast<ForStmt>(S)->getCond() == Cond;
    case Stmt::WhileStmtClass:
      return cast<WhileStmt>(S)->getCond() == Cond;
    case Stmt::DoStmtClass:
      return cast<DoStmt>(S)->getCond() == Cond;
    case Stmt::ChooseExprClass:
      return cast<ChooseExpr>(S)->getCond() == Cond;
    case Stmt::IndirectGotoStmtClass:
      return cast<IndirectGotoStmt>(S)->getTarget() == Cond;
    case Stmt::SwitchStmtClass:
      return cast<SwitchStmt>(S)->getCond() == Cond;
    case Stmt::BinaryConditionalOperatorClass:
      return cast<BinaryConditionalOperator>(S)->getCond() == Cond;
    case Stmt::ConditionalOperatorClass: {
      const ConditionalOperator *CO = cast<ConditionalOperator>(S);
      return CO->getCond() == Cond ||
             CO->getLHS() == Cond ||
             CO->getRHS() == Cond;
    }
    case Stmt::ObjCForCollectionStmtClass:
      return cast<ObjCForCollectionStmt>(S)->getElement() == Cond;
    case Stmt::CXXForRangeStmtClass: {
      const CXXForRangeStmt *FRS = cast<CXXForRangeStmt>(S);
      return FRS->getCond() == Cond || FRS->getRangeInit() == Cond;
    }
    default:
      return false;
  }
}

static bool isIncrementOrInitInForLoop(const Stmt *S, const Stmt *FL) {
  if (const ForStmt *FS = dyn_cast<ForStmt>(FL))
    return FS->getInc() == S || FS->getInit() == S;
  if (const CXXForRangeStmt *FRS = dyn_cast<CXXForRangeStmt>(FL))
    return FRS->getInc() == S || FRS->getRangeStmt() == S ||
           FRS->getLoopVarStmt() || FRS->getRangeInit() == S;
  return false;
}

typedef llvm::DenseSet<const PathDiagnosticCallPiece *>
        OptimizedCallsSet;

/// Adds synthetic edges from top-level statements to their subexpressions.
///
/// This avoids a "swoosh" effect, where an edge from a top-level statement A
/// points to a sub-expression B.1 that's not at the start of B. In these cases,
/// we'd like to see an edge from A to B, then another one from B to B.1.
static void addContextEdges(PathPieces &pieces, SourceManager &SM,
                            const ParentMap &PM, const LocationContext *LCtx) {
  PathPieces::iterator Prev = pieces.end();
  for (PathPieces::iterator I = pieces.begin(), E = Prev; I != E;
       Prev = I, ++I) {
    PathDiagnosticControlFlowPiece *Piece =
      dyn_cast<PathDiagnosticControlFlowPiece>(*I);

    if (!Piece)
      continue;

    PathDiagnosticLocation SrcLoc = Piece->getStartLocation();
    SmallVector<PathDiagnosticLocation, 4> SrcContexts;

    PathDiagnosticLocation NextSrcContext = SrcLoc;
    const Stmt *InnerStmt = nullptr;
    while (NextSrcContext.isValid() && NextSrcContext.asStmt() != InnerStmt) {
      SrcContexts.push_back(NextSrcContext);
      InnerStmt = NextSrcContext.asStmt();
      NextSrcContext = getEnclosingStmtLocation(InnerStmt, SM, PM, LCtx,
                                                /*allowNested=*/true);
    }

    // Repeatedly split the edge as necessary.
    // This is important for nested logical expressions (||, &&, ?:) where we
    // want to show all the levels of context.
    while (true) {
      const Stmt *Dst = getLocStmt(Piece->getEndLocation());

      // We are looking at an edge. Is the destination within a larger
      // expression?
      PathDiagnosticLocation DstContext =
        getEnclosingStmtLocation(Dst, SM, PM, LCtx, /*allowNested=*/true);
      if (!DstContext.isValid() || DstContext.asStmt() == Dst)
        break;

      // If the source is in the same context, we're already good.
      if (std::find(SrcContexts.begin(), SrcContexts.end(), DstContext) !=
          SrcContexts.end())
        break;

      // Update the subexpression node to point to the context edge.
      Piece->setStartLocation(DstContext);

      // Try to extend the previous edge if it's at the same level as the source
      // context.
      if (Prev != E) {
        PathDiagnosticControlFlowPiece *PrevPiece =
          dyn_cast<PathDiagnosticControlFlowPiece>(*Prev);

        if (PrevPiece) {
          if (const Stmt *PrevSrc = getLocStmt(PrevPiece->getStartLocation())) {
            const Stmt *PrevSrcParent = getStmtParent(PrevSrc, PM);
            if (PrevSrcParent == getStmtParent(getLocStmt(DstContext), PM)) {
              PrevPiece->setEndLocation(DstContext);
              break;
            }
          }
        }
      }

      // Otherwise, split the current edge into a context edge and a
      // subexpression edge. Note that the context statement may itself have
      // context.
      Piece = new PathDiagnosticControlFlowPiece(SrcLoc, DstContext);
      I = pieces.insert(I, Piece);
    }
  }
}

/// \brief Move edges from a branch condition to a branch target
///        when the condition is simple.
///
/// This restructures some of the work of addContextEdges.  That function
/// creates edges this may destroy, but they work together to create a more
/// aesthetically set of edges around branches.  After the call to
/// addContextEdges, we may have (1) an edge to the branch, (2) an edge from
/// the branch to the branch condition, and (3) an edge from the branch
/// condition to the branch target.  We keep (1), but may wish to remove (2)
/// and move the source of (3) to the branch if the branch condition is simple.
///
static void simplifySimpleBranches(PathPieces &pieces) {
  for (PathPieces::iterator I = pieces.begin(), E = pieces.end(); I != E; ++I) {

    PathDiagnosticControlFlowPiece *PieceI =
      dyn_cast<PathDiagnosticControlFlowPiece>(*I);

    if (!PieceI)
      continue;

    const Stmt *s1Start = getLocStmt(PieceI->getStartLocation());
    const Stmt *s1End   = getLocStmt(PieceI->getEndLocation());

    if (!s1Start || !s1End)
      continue;

    PathPieces::iterator NextI = I; ++NextI;
    if (NextI == E)
      break;

    PathDiagnosticControlFlowPiece *PieceNextI = nullptr;

    while (true) {
      if (NextI == E)
        break;

      PathDiagnosticEventPiece *EV = dyn_cast<PathDiagnosticEventPiece>(*NextI);
      if (EV) {
        StringRef S = EV->getString();
        if (S == StrEnteringLoop || S == StrLoopBodyZero ||
            S == StrLoopCollectionEmpty || S == StrLoopRangeEmpty) {
          ++NextI;
          continue;
        }
        break;
      }

      PieceNextI = dyn_cast<PathDiagnosticControlFlowPiece>(*NextI);
      break;
    }

    if (!PieceNextI)
      continue;

    const Stmt *s2Start = getLocStmt(PieceNextI->getStartLocation());
    const Stmt *s2End   = getLocStmt(PieceNextI->getEndLocation());

    if (!s2Start || !s2End || s1End != s2Start)
      continue;

    // We only perform this transformation for specific branch kinds.
    // We don't want to do this for do..while, for example.
    if (!(isa<ForStmt>(s1Start) || isa<WhileStmt>(s1Start) ||
          isa<IfStmt>(s1Start) || isa<ObjCForCollectionStmt>(s1Start) ||
          isa<CXXForRangeStmt>(s1Start)))
      continue;

    // Is s1End the branch condition?
    if (!isConditionForTerminator(s1Start, s1End))
      continue;

    // Perform the hoisting by eliminating (2) and changing the start
    // location of (3).
    PieceNextI->setStartLocation(PieceI->getStartLocation());
    I = pieces.erase(I);
  }
}

/// Returns the number of bytes in the given (character-based) SourceRange.
///
/// If the locations in the range are not on the same line, returns None.
///
/// Note that this does not do a precise user-visible character or column count.
static Optional<size_t> getLengthOnSingleLine(SourceManager &SM,
                                              SourceRange Range) {
  SourceRange ExpansionRange(SM.getExpansionLoc(Range.getBegin()),
                             SM.getExpansionRange(Range.getEnd()).second);

  FileID FID = SM.getFileID(ExpansionRange.getBegin());
  if (FID != SM.getFileID(ExpansionRange.getEnd()))
    return None;

  bool Invalid;
  const llvm::MemoryBuffer *Buffer = SM.getBuffer(FID, &Invalid);
  if (Invalid)
    return None;

  unsigned BeginOffset = SM.getFileOffset(ExpansionRange.getBegin());
  unsigned EndOffset = SM.getFileOffset(ExpansionRange.getEnd());
  StringRef Snippet = Buffer->getBuffer().slice(BeginOffset, EndOffset);

  // We're searching the raw bytes of the buffer here, which might include
  // escaped newlines and such. That's okay; we're trying to decide whether the
  // SourceRange is covering a large or small amount of space in the user's
  // editor.
  if (Snippet.find_first_of("\r\n") != StringRef::npos)
    return None;

  // This isn't Unicode-aware, but it doesn't need to be.
  return Snippet.size();
}

/// \sa getLengthOnSingleLine(SourceManager, SourceRange)
static Optional<size_t> getLengthOnSingleLine(SourceManager &SM,
                                              const Stmt *S) {
  return getLengthOnSingleLine(SM, S->getSourceRange());
}

/// Eliminate two-edge cycles created by addContextEdges().
///
/// Once all the context edges are in place, there are plenty of cases where
/// there's a single edge from a top-level statement to a subexpression,
/// followed by a single path note, and then a reverse edge to get back out to
/// the top level. If the statement is simple enough, the subexpression edges
/// just add noise and make it harder to understand what's going on.
///
/// This function only removes edges in pairs, because removing only one edge
/// might leave other edges dangling.
///
/// This will not remove edges in more complicated situations:
/// - if there is more than one "hop" leading to or from a subexpression.
/// - if there is an inlined call between the edges instead of a single event.
/// - if the whole statement is large enough that having subexpression arrows
///   might be helpful.
static void removeContextCycles(PathPieces &Path, SourceManager &SM,
                                ParentMap &PM) {
  for (PathPieces::iterator I = Path.begin(), E = Path.end(); I != E; ) {
    // Pattern match the current piece and its successor.
    PathDiagnosticControlFlowPiece *PieceI =
      dyn_cast<PathDiagnosticControlFlowPiece>(*I);

    if (!PieceI) {
      ++I;
      continue;
    }

    const Stmt *s1Start = getLocStmt(PieceI->getStartLocation());
    const Stmt *s1End   = getLocStmt(PieceI->getEndLocation());

    PathPieces::iterator NextI = I; ++NextI;
    if (NextI == E)
      break;

    PathDiagnosticControlFlowPiece *PieceNextI =
      dyn_cast<PathDiagnosticControlFlowPiece>(*NextI);

    if (!PieceNextI) {
      if (isa<PathDiagnosticEventPiece>(*NextI)) {
        ++NextI;
        if (NextI == E)
          break;
        PieceNextI = dyn_cast<PathDiagnosticControlFlowPiece>(*NextI);
      }

      if (!PieceNextI) {
        ++I;
        continue;
      }
    }

    const Stmt *s2Start = getLocStmt(PieceNextI->getStartLocation());
    const Stmt *s2End   = getLocStmt(PieceNextI->getEndLocation());

    if (s1Start && s2Start && s1Start == s2End && s2Start == s1End) {
      const size_t MAX_SHORT_LINE_LENGTH = 80;
      Optional<size_t> s1Length = getLengthOnSingleLine(SM, s1Start);
      if (s1Length && *s1Length <= MAX_SHORT_LINE_LENGTH) {
        Optional<size_t> s2Length = getLengthOnSingleLine(SM, s2Start);
        if (s2Length && *s2Length <= MAX_SHORT_LINE_LENGTH) {
          Path.erase(I);
          I = Path.erase(NextI);
          continue;
        }
      }
    }

    ++I;
  }
}

/// \brief Return true if X is contained by Y.
static bool lexicalContains(ParentMap &PM,
                            const Stmt *X,
                            const Stmt *Y) {
  while (X) {
    if (X == Y)
      return true;
    X = PM.getParent(X);
  }
  return false;
}

// Remove short edges on the same line less than 3 columns in difference.
static void removePunyEdges(PathPieces &path,
                            SourceManager &SM,
                            ParentMap &PM) {

  bool erased = false;

  for (PathPieces::iterator I = path.begin(), E = path.end(); I != E;
       erased ? I : ++I) {

    erased = false;

    PathDiagnosticControlFlowPiece *PieceI =
      dyn_cast<PathDiagnosticControlFlowPiece>(*I);

    if (!PieceI)
      continue;

    const Stmt *start = getLocStmt(PieceI->getStartLocation());
    const Stmt *end   = getLocStmt(PieceI->getEndLocation());

    if (!start || !end)
      continue;

    const Stmt *endParent = PM.getParent(end);
    if (!endParent)
      continue;

    if (isConditionForTerminator(end, endParent))
      continue;

    SourceLocation FirstLoc = start->getLocStart();
    SourceLocation SecondLoc = end->getLocStart();

    if (!SM.isWrittenInSameFile(FirstLoc, SecondLoc))
      continue;
    if (SM.isBeforeInTranslationUnit(SecondLoc, FirstLoc))
      std::swap(SecondLoc, FirstLoc);

    SourceRange EdgeRange(FirstLoc, SecondLoc);
    Optional<size_t> ByteWidth = getLengthOnSingleLine(SM, EdgeRange);

    // If the statements are on different lines, continue.
    if (!ByteWidth)
      continue;

    const size_t MAX_PUNY_EDGE_LENGTH = 2;
    if (*ByteWidth <= MAX_PUNY_EDGE_LENGTH) {
      // FIXME: There are enough /bytes/ between the endpoints of the edge, but
      // there might not be enough /columns/. A proper user-visible column count
      // is probably too expensive, though.
      I = path.erase(I);
      erased = true;
      continue;
    }
  }
}

static void removeIdenticalEvents(PathPieces &path) {
  for (PathPieces::iterator I = path.begin(), E = path.end(); I != E; ++I) {
    PathDiagnosticEventPiece *PieceI =
      dyn_cast<PathDiagnosticEventPiece>(*I);

    if (!PieceI)
      continue;

    PathPieces::iterator NextI = I; ++NextI;
    if (NextI == E)
      return;

    PathDiagnosticEventPiece *PieceNextI =
      dyn_cast<PathDiagnosticEventPiece>(*NextI);

    if (!PieceNextI)
      continue;

    // Erase the second piece if it has the same exact message text.
    if (PieceI->getString() == PieceNextI->getString()) {
      path.erase(NextI);
    }
  }
}

static bool optimizeEdges(PathPieces &path, SourceManager &SM,
                          OptimizedCallsSet &OCS,
                          LocationContextMap &LCM) {
  bool hasChanges = false;
  const LocationContext *LC = LCM[&path];
  assert(LC);
  ParentMap &PM = LC->getParentMap();

  for (PathPieces::iterator I = path.begin(), E = path.end(); I != E; ) {
    // Optimize subpaths.
    if (PathDiagnosticCallPiece *CallI = dyn_cast<PathDiagnosticCallPiece>(*I)){
      // Record the fact that a call has been optimized so we only do the
      // effort once.
      if (!OCS.count(CallI)) {
        while (optimizeEdges(CallI->path, SM, OCS, LCM)) {}
        OCS.insert(CallI);
      }
      ++I;
      continue;
    }

    // Pattern match the current piece and its successor.
    PathDiagnosticControlFlowPiece *PieceI =
      dyn_cast<PathDiagnosticControlFlowPiece>(*I);

    if (!PieceI) {
      ++I;
      continue;
    }

    const Stmt *s1Start = getLocStmt(PieceI->getStartLocation());
    const Stmt *s1End   = getLocStmt(PieceI->getEndLocation());
    const Stmt *level1 = getStmtParent(s1Start, PM);
    const Stmt *level2 = getStmtParent(s1End, PM);

    PathPieces::iterator NextI = I; ++NextI;
    if (NextI == E)
      break;

    PathDiagnosticControlFlowPiece *PieceNextI =
      dyn_cast<PathDiagnosticControlFlowPiece>(*NextI);

    if (!PieceNextI) {
      ++I;
      continue;
    }

    const Stmt *s2Start = getLocStmt(PieceNextI->getStartLocation());
    const Stmt *s2End   = getLocStmt(PieceNextI->getEndLocation());
    const Stmt *level3 = getStmtParent(s2Start, PM);
    const Stmt *level4 = getStmtParent(s2End, PM);

    // Rule I.
    //
    // If we have two consecutive control edges whose end/begin locations
    // are at the same level (e.g. statements or top-level expressions within
    // a compound statement, or siblings share a single ancestor expression),
    // then merge them if they have no interesting intermediate event.
    //
    // For example:
    //
    // (1.1 -> 1.2) -> (1.2 -> 1.3) becomes (1.1 -> 1.3) because the common
    // parent is '1'.  Here 'x.y.z' represents the hierarchy of statements.
    //
    // NOTE: this will be limited later in cases where we add barriers
    // to prevent this optimization.
    //
    if (level1 && level1 == level2 && level1 == level3 && level1 == level4) {
      PieceI->setEndLocation(PieceNextI->getEndLocation());
      path.erase(NextI);
      hasChanges = true;
      continue;
    }

    // Rule II.
    //
    // Eliminate edges between subexpressions and parent expressions
    // when the subexpression is consumed.
    //
    // NOTE: this will be limited later in cases where we add barriers
    // to prevent this optimization.
    //
    if (s1End && s1End == s2Start && level2) {
      bool removeEdge = false;
      // Remove edges into the increment or initialization of a
      // loop that have no interleaving event.  This means that
      // they aren't interesting.
      if (isIncrementOrInitInForLoop(s1End, level2))
        removeEdge = true;
      // Next only consider edges that are not anchored on
      // the condition of a terminator.  This are intermediate edges
      // that we might want to trim.
      else if (!isConditionForTerminator(level2, s1End)) {
        // Trim edges on expressions that are consumed by
        // the parent expression.
        if (isa<Expr>(s1End) && PM.isConsumedExpr(cast<Expr>(s1End))) {
          removeEdge = true;          
        }
        // Trim edges where a lexical containment doesn't exist.
        // For example:
        //
        //  X -> Y -> Z
        //
        // If 'Z' lexically contains Y (it is an ancestor) and
        // 'X' does not lexically contain Y (it is a descendant OR
        // it has no lexical relationship at all) then trim.
        //
        // This can eliminate edges where we dive into a subexpression
        // and then pop back out, etc.
        else if (s1Start && s2End &&
                 lexicalContains(PM, s2Start, s2End) &&
                 !lexicalContains(PM, s1End, s1Start)) {
          removeEdge = true;
        }
        // Trim edges from a subexpression back to the top level if the
        // subexpression is on a different line.
        //
        // A.1 -> A -> B
        // becomes
        // A.1 -> B
        //
        // These edges just look ugly and don't usually add anything.
        else if (s1Start && s2End &&
                 lexicalContains(PM, s1Start, s1End)) {
          SourceRange EdgeRange(PieceI->getEndLocation().asLocation(),
                                PieceI->getStartLocation().asLocation());
          if (!getLengthOnSingleLine(SM, EdgeRange).hasValue())
            removeEdge = true;
        }
      }

      if (removeEdge) {
        PieceI->setEndLocation(PieceNextI->getEndLocation());
        path.erase(NextI);
        hasChanges = true;
        continue;
      }
    }

    // Optimize edges for ObjC fast-enumeration loops.
    //
    // (X -> collection) -> (collection -> element)
    //
    // becomes:
    //
    // (X -> element)
    if (s1End == s2Start) {
      const ObjCForCollectionStmt *FS =
        dyn_cast_or_null<ObjCForCollectionStmt>(level3);
      if (FS && FS->getCollection()->IgnoreParens() == s2Start &&
          s2End == FS->getElement()) {
        PieceI->setEndLocation(PieceNextI->getEndLocation());
        path.erase(NextI);
        hasChanges = true;
        continue;
      }
    }

    // No changes at this index?  Move to the next one.
    ++I;
  }

  if (!hasChanges) {
    // Adjust edges into subexpressions to make them more uniform
    // and aesthetically pleasing.
    addContextEdges(path, SM, PM, LC);
    // Remove "cyclical" edges that include one or more context edges.
    removeContextCycles(path, SM, PM);
    // Hoist edges originating from branch conditions to branches
    // for simple branches.
    simplifySimpleBranches(path);
    // Remove any puny edges left over after primary optimization pass.
    removePunyEdges(path, SM, PM);
    // Remove identical events.
    removeIdenticalEvents(path);
  }

  return hasChanges;
}

/// Drop the very first edge in a path, which should be a function entry edge.
///
/// If the first edge is not a function entry edge (say, because the first
/// statement had an invalid source location), this function does nothing.
// FIXME: We should just generate invalid edges anyway and have the optimizer
// deal with them.
static void dropFunctionEntryEdge(PathPieces &Path,
                                  LocationContextMap &LCM,
                                  SourceManager &SM) {
  const PathDiagnosticControlFlowPiece *FirstEdge =
    dyn_cast<PathDiagnosticControlFlowPiece>(Path.front());
  if (!FirstEdge)
    return;

  const Decl *D = LCM[&Path]->getDecl();
  PathDiagnosticLocation EntryLoc = PathDiagnosticLocation::createBegin(D, SM);
  if (FirstEdge->getStartLocation() != EntryLoc)
    return;

  Path.pop_front();
}


//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Methods for BugType and subclasses.
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
void BugType::anchor() { }

void BugType::FlushReports(BugReporter &BR) {}

void BuiltinBug::anchor() {}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Methods for BugReport and subclasses.
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

void BugReport::NodeResolver::anchor() {}

void BugReport::addVisitor(std::unique_ptr<BugReporterVisitor> visitor) {
  if (!visitor)
    return;

  llvm::FoldingSetNodeID ID;
  visitor->Profile(ID);
  void *InsertPos;

  if (CallbacksSet.FindNodeOrInsertPos(ID, InsertPos))
    return;

  CallbacksSet.InsertNode(visitor.get(), InsertPos);
  Callbacks.push_back(std::move(visitor));
  ++ConfigurationChangeToken;
}

BugReport::~BugReport() {
  while (!interestingSymbols.empty()) {
    popInterestingSymbolsAndRegions();
  }
}

const Decl *BugReport::getDeclWithIssue() const {
  if (DeclWithIssue)
    return DeclWithIssue;
  
  const ExplodedNode *N = getErrorNode();
  if (!N)
    return nullptr;

  const LocationContext *LC = N->getLocationContext();
  return LC->getCurrentStackFrame()->getDecl();
}

void BugReport::Profile(llvm::FoldingSetNodeID& hash) const {
  hash.AddPointer(&BT);
  hash.AddString(Description);
  PathDiagnosticLocation UL = getUniqueingLocation();
  if (UL.isValid()) {
    UL.Profile(hash);
  } else if (Location.isValid()) {
    Location.Profile(hash);
  } else {
    assert(ErrorNode);
    hash.AddPointer(GetCurrentOrPreviousStmt(ErrorNode));
  }

  for (SmallVectorImpl<SourceRange>::const_iterator I =
      Ranges.begin(), E = Ranges.end(); I != E; ++I) {
    const SourceRange range = *I;
    if (!range.isValid())
      continue;
    hash.AddInteger(range.getBegin().getRawEncoding());
    hash.AddInteger(range.getEnd().getRawEncoding());
  }
}

void BugReport::markInteresting(SymbolRef sym) {
  if (!sym)
    return;

  // If the symbol wasn't already in our set, note a configuration change.
  if (getInterestingSymbols().insert(sym).second)
    ++ConfigurationChangeToken;

  if (const SymbolMetadata *meta = dyn_cast<SymbolMetadata>(sym))
    getInterestingRegions().insert(meta->getRegion());
}

void BugReport::markInteresting(const MemRegion *R) {
  if (!R)
    return;

  // If the base region wasn't already in our set, note a configuration change.
  R = R->getBaseRegion();
  if (getInterestingRegions().insert(R).second)
    ++ConfigurationChangeToken;

  if (const SymbolicRegion *SR = dyn_cast<SymbolicRegion>(R))
    getInterestingSymbols().insert(SR->getSymbol());
}

void BugReport::markInteresting(SVal V) {
  markInteresting(V.getAsRegion());
  markInteresting(V.getAsSymbol());
}

void BugReport::markInteresting(const LocationContext *LC) {
  if (!LC)
    return;
  InterestingLocationContexts.insert(LC);
}

bool BugReport::isInteresting(SVal V) {
  return isInteresting(V.getAsRegion()) || isInteresting(V.getAsSymbol());
}

bool BugReport::isInteresting(SymbolRef sym) {
  if (!sym)
    return false;
  // We don't currently consider metadata symbols to be interesting
  // even if we know their region is interesting. Is that correct behavior?
  return getInterestingSymbols().count(sym);
}

bool BugReport::isInteresting(const MemRegion *R) {
  if (!R)
    return false;
  R = R->getBaseRegion();
  bool b = getInterestingRegions().count(R);
  if (b)
    return true;
  if (const SymbolicRegion *SR = dyn_cast<SymbolicRegion>(R))
    return getInterestingSymbols().count(SR->getSymbol());
  return false;
}

bool BugReport::isInteresting(const LocationContext *LC) {
  if (!LC)
    return false;
  return InterestingLocationContexts.count(LC);
}

void BugReport::lazyInitializeInterestingSets() {
  if (interestingSymbols.empty()) {
    interestingSymbols.push_back(new Symbols());
    interestingRegions.push_back(new Regions());
  }
}

BugReport::Symbols &BugReport::getInterestingSymbols() {
  lazyInitializeInterestingSets();
  return *interestingSymbols.back();
}

BugReport::Regions &BugReport::getInterestingRegions() {
  lazyInitializeInterestingSets();
  return *interestingRegions.back();
}

void BugReport::pushInterestingSymbolsAndRegions() {
  interestingSymbols.push_back(new Symbols(getInterestingSymbols()));
  interestingRegions.push_back(new Regions(getInterestingRegions()));
}

void BugReport::popInterestingSymbolsAndRegions() {
  delete interestingSymbols.pop_back_val();
  delete interestingRegions.pop_back_val();
}

const Stmt *BugReport::getStmt() const {
  if (!ErrorNode)
    return nullptr;

  ProgramPoint ProgP = ErrorNode->getLocation();
  const Stmt *S = nullptr;

  if (Optional<BlockEntrance> BE = ProgP.getAs<BlockEntrance>()) {
    CFGBlock &Exit = ProgP.getLocationContext()->getCFG()->getExit();
    if (BE->getBlock() == &Exit)
      S = GetPreviousStmt(ErrorNode);
  }
  if (!S)
    S = PathDiagnosticLocation::getStmt(ErrorNode);

  return S;
}

llvm::iterator_range<BugReport::ranges_iterator> BugReport::getRanges() {
  // If no custom ranges, add the range of the statement corresponding to
  // the error node.
  if (Ranges.empty()) {
    if (const Expr *E = dyn_cast_or_null<Expr>(getStmt()))
      addRange(E->getSourceRange());
    else
      return llvm::make_range(ranges_iterator(), ranges_iterator());
  }

  // User-specified absence of range info.
  if (Ranges.size() == 1 && !Ranges.begin()->isValid())
    return llvm::make_range(ranges_iterator(), ranges_iterator());

  return llvm::iterator_range<BugReport::ranges_iterator>(Ranges.begin(),
                                                          Ranges.end());
}

PathDiagnosticLocation BugReport::getLocation(const SourceManager &SM) const {
  if (ErrorNode) {
    assert(!Location.isValid() &&
     "Either Location or ErrorNode should be specified but not both.");
    return PathDiagnosticLocation::createEndOfPath(ErrorNode, SM);
  }

  assert(Location.isValid());
  return Location;
}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Methods for BugReporter and subclasses.
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

BugReportEquivClass::~BugReportEquivClass() { }
GRBugReporter::~GRBugReporter() { }
BugReporterData::~BugReporterData() {}

ExplodedGraph &GRBugReporter::getGraph() { return Eng.getGraph(); }

ProgramStateManager&
GRBugReporter::getStateManager() { return Eng.getStateManager(); }

BugReporter::~BugReporter() {
  FlushReports();

  // Free the bug reports we are tracking.
  typedef std::vector<BugReportEquivClass *> ContTy;
  for (ContTy::iterator I = EQClassesVector.begin(), E = EQClassesVector.end();
       I != E; ++I) {
    delete *I;
  }
}

void BugReporter::FlushReports() {
  if (BugTypes.isEmpty())
    return;

  // First flush the warnings for each BugType.  This may end up creating new
  // warnings and new BugTypes.
  // FIXME: Only NSErrorChecker needs BugType's FlushReports.
  // Turn NSErrorChecker into a proper checker and remove this.
  SmallVector<const BugType*, 16> bugTypes;
  for (BugTypesTy::iterator I=BugTypes.begin(), E=BugTypes.end(); I!=E; ++I)
    bugTypes.push_back(*I);
  for (SmallVectorImpl<const BugType *>::iterator
         I = bugTypes.begin(), E = bugTypes.end(); I != E; ++I)
    const_cast<BugType*>(*I)->FlushReports(*this);

  // We need to flush reports in deterministic order to ensure the order
  // of the reports is consistent between runs.
  typedef std::vector<BugReportEquivClass *> ContVecTy;
  for (ContVecTy::iterator EI=EQClassesVector.begin(), EE=EQClassesVector.end();
       EI != EE; ++EI){
    BugReportEquivClass& EQ = **EI;
    FlushReport(EQ);
  }

  // BugReporter owns and deletes only BugTypes created implicitly through
  // EmitBasicReport.
  // FIXME: There are leaks from checkers that assume that the BugTypes they
  // create will be destroyed by the BugReporter.
  llvm::DeleteContainerSeconds(StrBugTypes);

  // Remove all references to the BugType objects.
  BugTypes = F.getEmptySet();
}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// PathDiagnostics generation.
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

namespace {
/// A wrapper around a report graph, which contains only a single path, and its
/// node maps.
class ReportGraph {
public:
  InterExplodedGraphMap BackMap;
  std::unique_ptr<ExplodedGraph> Graph;
  const ExplodedNode *ErrorNode;
  size_t Index;
};

/// A wrapper around a trimmed graph and its node maps.
class TrimmedGraph {
  InterExplodedGraphMap InverseMap;

  typedef llvm::DenseMap<const ExplodedNode *, unsigned> PriorityMapTy;
  PriorityMapTy PriorityMap;

  typedef std::pair<const ExplodedNode *, size_t> NodeIndexPair;
  SmallVector<NodeIndexPair, 32> ReportNodes;

  std::unique_ptr<ExplodedGraph> G;

  /// A helper class for sorting ExplodedNodes by priority.
  template <bool Descending>
  class PriorityCompare {
    const PriorityMapTy &PriorityMap;

  public:
    PriorityCompare(const PriorityMapTy &M) : PriorityMap(M) {}

    bool operator()(const ExplodedNode *LHS, const ExplodedNode *RHS) const {
      PriorityMapTy::const_iterator LI = PriorityMap.find(LHS);
      PriorityMapTy::const_iterator RI = PriorityMap.find(RHS);
      PriorityMapTy::const_iterator E = PriorityMap.end();

      if (LI == E)
        return Descending;
      if (RI == E)
        return !Descending;

      return Descending ? LI->second > RI->second
                        : LI->second < RI->second;
    }

    bool operator()(const NodeIndexPair &LHS, const NodeIndexPair &RHS) const {
      return (*this)(LHS.first, RHS.first);
    }
  };

public:
  TrimmedGraph(const ExplodedGraph *OriginalGraph,
               ArrayRef<const ExplodedNode *> Nodes);

  bool popNextReportGraph(ReportGraph &GraphWrapper);
};
}

TrimmedGraph::TrimmedGraph(const ExplodedGraph *OriginalGraph,
                           ArrayRef<const ExplodedNode *> Nodes) {
  // The trimmed graph is created in the body of the constructor to ensure
  // that the DenseMaps have been initialized already.
  InterExplodedGraphMap ForwardMap;
  G = OriginalGraph->trim(Nodes, &ForwardMap, &InverseMap);

  // Find the (first) error node in the trimmed graph.  We just need to consult
  // the node map which maps from nodes in the original graph to nodes
  // in the new graph.
  llvm::SmallPtrSet<const ExplodedNode *, 32> RemainingNodes;

  for (unsigned i = 0, count = Nodes.size(); i < count; ++i) {
    if (const ExplodedNode *NewNode = ForwardMap.lookup(Nodes[i])) {
      ReportNodes.push_back(std::make_pair(NewNode, i));
      RemainingNodes.insert(NewNode);
    }
  }

  assert(!RemainingNodes.empty() && "No error node found in the trimmed graph");

  // Perform a forward BFS to find all the shortest paths.
  std::queue<const ExplodedNode *> WS;

  assert(G->num_roots() == 1);
  WS.push(*G->roots_begin());
  unsigned Priority = 0;

  while (!WS.empty()) {
    const ExplodedNode *Node = WS.front();
    WS.pop();

    PriorityMapTy::iterator PriorityEntry;
    bool IsNew;
    std::tie(PriorityEntry, IsNew) =
      PriorityMap.insert(std::make_pair(Node, Priority));
    ++Priority;

    if (!IsNew) {
      assert(PriorityEntry->second <= Priority);
      continue;
    }

    if (RemainingNodes.erase(Node))
      if (RemainingNodes.empty())
        break;

    for (ExplodedNode::const_pred_iterator I = Node->succ_begin(),
                                           E = Node->succ_end();
         I != E; ++I)
      WS.push(*I);
  }

  // Sort the error paths from longest to shortest.
  std::sort(ReportNodes.begin(), ReportNodes.end(),
            PriorityCompare<true>(PriorityMap));
}

bool TrimmedGraph::popNextReportGraph(ReportGraph &GraphWrapper) {
  if (ReportNodes.empty())
    return false;

  const ExplodedNode *OrigN;
  std::tie(OrigN, GraphWrapper.Index) = ReportNodes.pop_back_val();
  assert(PriorityMap.find(OrigN) != PriorityMap.end() &&
         "error node not accessible from root");

  // Create a new graph with a single path.  This is the graph
  // that will be returned to the caller.
  auto GNew = llvm::make_unique<ExplodedGraph>();
  GraphWrapper.BackMap.clear();

  // Now walk from the error node up the BFS path, always taking the
  // predeccessor with the lowest number.
  ExplodedNode *Succ = nullptr;
  while (true) {
    // Create the equivalent node in the new graph with the same state
    // and location.
    ExplodedNode *NewN = GNew->getNode(OrigN->getLocation(), OrigN->getState(),
                                       OrigN->isSink());

    // Store the mapping to the original node.
    InterExplodedGraphMap::const_iterator IMitr = InverseMap.find(OrigN);
    assert(IMitr != InverseMap.end() && "No mapping to original node.");
    GraphWrapper.BackMap[NewN] = IMitr->second;

    // Link up the new node with the previous node.
    if (Succ)
      Succ->addPredecessor(NewN, *GNew);
    else
      GraphWrapper.ErrorNode = NewN;

    Succ = NewN;

    // Are we at the final node?
    if (OrigN->pred_empty()) {
      GNew->addRoot(NewN);
      break;
    }

    // Find the next predeccessor node.  We choose the node that is marked
    // with the lowest BFS number.
    OrigN = *std::min_element(OrigN->pred_begin(), OrigN->pred_end(),
                          PriorityCompare<false>(PriorityMap));
  }

  GraphWrapper.Graph = std::move(GNew);

  return true;
}


/// CompactPathDiagnostic - This function postprocesses a PathDiagnostic object
///  and collapses PathDiagosticPieces that are expanded by macros.
static void CompactPathDiagnostic(PathPieces &path, const SourceManager& SM) {
  typedef std::vector<std::pair<IntrusiveRefCntPtr<PathDiagnosticMacroPiece>,
                                SourceLocation> > MacroStackTy;

  typedef std::vector<IntrusiveRefCntPtr<PathDiagnosticPiece> >
          PiecesTy;

  MacroStackTy MacroStack;
  PiecesTy Pieces;

  for (PathPieces::const_iterator I = path.begin(), E = path.end();
       I!=E; ++I) {
    
    PathDiagnosticPiece *piece = I->get();

    // Recursively compact calls.
    if (PathDiagnosticCallPiece *call=dyn_cast<PathDiagnosticCallPiece>(piece)){
      CompactPathDiagnostic(call->path, SM);
    }
    
    // Get the location of the PathDiagnosticPiece.
    const FullSourceLoc Loc = piece->getLocation().asLocation();

    // Determine the instantiation location, which is the location we group
    // related PathDiagnosticPieces.
    SourceLocation InstantiationLoc = Loc.isMacroID() ?
                                      SM.getExpansionLoc(Loc) :
                                      SourceLocation();

    if (Loc.isFileID()) {
      MacroStack.clear();
      Pieces.push_back(piece);
      continue;
    }

    assert(Loc.isMacroID());

    // Is the PathDiagnosticPiece within the same macro group?
    if (!MacroStack.empty() && InstantiationLoc == MacroStack.back().second) {
      MacroStack.back().first->subPieces.push_back(piece);
      continue;
    }

    // We aren't in the same group.  Are we descending into a new macro
    // or are part of an old one?
    IntrusiveRefCntPtr<PathDiagnosticMacroPiece> MacroGroup;

    SourceLocation ParentInstantiationLoc = InstantiationLoc.isMacroID() ?
                                          SM.getExpansionLoc(Loc) :
                                          SourceLocation();

    // Walk the entire macro stack.
    while (!MacroStack.empty()) {
      if (InstantiationLoc == MacroStack.back().second) {
        MacroGroup = MacroStack.back().first;
        break;
      }

      if (ParentInstantiationLoc == MacroStack.back().second) {
        MacroGroup = MacroStack.back().first;
        break;
      }

      MacroStack.pop_back();
    }

    if (!MacroGroup || ParentInstantiationLoc == MacroStack.back().second) {
      // Create a new macro group and add it to the stack.
      PathDiagnosticMacroPiece *NewGroup =
        new PathDiagnosticMacroPiece(
          PathDiagnosticLocation::createSingleLocation(piece->getLocation()));

      if (MacroGroup)
        MacroGroup->subPieces.push_back(NewGroup);
      else {
        assert(InstantiationLoc.isFileID());
        Pieces.push_back(NewGroup);
      }

      MacroGroup = NewGroup;
      MacroStack.push_back(std::make_pair(MacroGroup, InstantiationLoc));
    }

    // Finally, add the PathDiagnosticPiece to the group.
    MacroGroup->subPieces.push_back(piece);
  }

  // Now take the pieces and construct a new PathDiagnostic.
  path.clear();

  for (PiecesTy::iterator I=Pieces.begin(), E=Pieces.end(); I!=E; ++I)
    path.push_back(*I);
}

bool GRBugReporter::generatePathDiagnostic(PathDiagnostic& PD,
                                           PathDiagnosticConsumer &PC,
                                           ArrayRef<BugReport *> &bugReports) {
  assert(!bugReports.empty());

  bool HasValid = false;
  bool HasInvalid = false;
  SmallVector<const ExplodedNode *, 32> errorNodes;
  for (ArrayRef<BugReport*>::iterator I = bugReports.begin(),
                                      E = bugReports.end(); I != E; ++I) {
    if ((*I)->isValid()) {
      HasValid = true;
      errorNodes.push_back((*I)->getErrorNode());
    } else {
      // Keep the errorNodes list in sync with the bugReports list.
      HasInvalid = true;
      errorNodes.push_back(nullptr);
    }
  }

  // If all the reports have been marked invalid by a previous path generation,
  // we're done.
  if (!HasValid)
    return false;

  typedef PathDiagnosticConsumer::PathGenerationScheme PathGenerationScheme;
  PathGenerationScheme ActiveScheme = PC.getGenerationScheme();

  if (ActiveScheme == PathDiagnosticConsumer::Extensive) {
    AnalyzerOptions &options = getAnalyzerOptions();
    if (options.getBooleanOption("path-diagnostics-alternate", true)) {
      ActiveScheme = PathDiagnosticConsumer::AlternateExtensive;
    }
  }

  TrimmedGraph TrimG(&getGraph(), errorNodes);
  ReportGraph ErrorGraph;

  while (TrimG.popNextReportGraph(ErrorGraph)) {
    // Find the BugReport with the original location.
    assert(ErrorGraph.Index < bugReports.size());
    BugReport *R = bugReports[ErrorGraph.Index];
    assert(R && "No original report found for sliced graph.");
    assert(R->isValid() && "Report selected by trimmed graph marked invalid.");

    // Start building the path diagnostic...
    PathDiagnosticBuilder PDB(*this, R, ErrorGraph.BackMap, &PC);
    const ExplodedNode *N = ErrorGraph.ErrorNode;

    // Register additional node visitors.
    R->addVisitor(llvm::make_unique<NilReceiverBRVisitor>());
    R->addVisitor(llvm::make_unique<ConditionBRVisitor>());
    R->addVisitor(llvm::make_unique<LikelyFalsePositiveSuppressionBRVisitor>());

    BugReport::VisitorList visitors;
    unsigned origReportConfigToken, finalReportConfigToken;
    LocationContextMap LCM;

    // While generating diagnostics, it's possible the visitors will decide
    // new symbols and regions are interesting, or add other visitors based on
    // the information they find. If they do, we need to regenerate the path
    // based on our new report configuration.
    do {
      // Get a clean copy of all the visitors.
      for (BugReport::visitor_iterator I = R->visitor_begin(),
                                       E = R->visitor_end(); I != E; ++I)
        visitors.push_back((*I)->clone());

      // Clear out the active path from any previous work.
      PD.resetPath();
      origReportConfigToken = R->getConfigurationChangeToken();

      // Generate the very last diagnostic piece - the piece is visible before 
      // the trace is expanded.
      std::unique_ptr<PathDiagnosticPiece> LastPiece;
      for (BugReport::visitor_iterator I = visitors.begin(), E = visitors.end();
          I != E; ++I) {
        if (std::unique_ptr<PathDiagnosticPiece> Piece =
                (*I)->getEndPath(PDB, N, *R)) {
          assert (!LastPiece &&
              "There can only be one final piece in a diagnostic.");
          LastPiece = std::move(Piece);
        }
      }

      if (ActiveScheme != PathDiagnosticConsumer::None) {
        if (!LastPiece)
          LastPiece = BugReporterVisitor::getDefaultEndPath(PDB, N, *R);
        assert(LastPiece);
        PD.setEndOfPath(std::move(LastPiece));
      }

      // Make sure we get a clean location context map so we don't
      // hold onto old mappings.
      LCM.clear();

      switch (ActiveScheme) {
      case PathDiagnosticConsumer::AlternateExtensive:
        GenerateAlternateExtensivePathDiagnostic(PD, PDB, N, LCM, visitors);
        break;
      case PathDiagnosticConsumer::Extensive:
        GenerateExtensivePathDiagnostic(PD, PDB, N, LCM, visitors);
        break;
      case PathDiagnosticConsumer::Minimal:
        GenerateMinimalPathDiagnostic(PD, PDB, N, LCM, visitors);
        break;
      case PathDiagnosticConsumer::None:
        GenerateVisitorsOnlyPathDiagnostic(PD, PDB, N, visitors);
        break;
      }

      // Clean up the visitors we used.
      visitors.clear();

      // Did anything change while generating this path?
      finalReportConfigToken = R->getConfigurationChangeToken();
    } while (finalReportConfigToken != origReportConfigToken);

    if (!R->isValid())
      continue;

    // Finally, prune the diagnostic path of uninteresting stuff.
    if (!PD.path.empty()) {
      if (R->shouldPrunePath() && getAnalyzerOptions().shouldPrunePaths()) {
        bool stillHasNotes = removeUnneededCalls(PD.getMutablePieces(), R, LCM);
        assert(stillHasNotes);
        (void)stillHasNotes;
      }

      // Redirect all call pieces to have valid locations.
      adjustCallLocations(PD.getMutablePieces());
      removePiecesWithInvalidLocations(PD.getMutablePieces());

      if (ActiveScheme == PathDiagnosticConsumer::AlternateExtensive) {
        SourceManager &SM = getSourceManager();

        // Reduce the number of edges from a very conservative set
        // to an aesthetically pleasing subset that conveys the
        // necessary information.
        OptimizedCallsSet OCS;
        while (optimizeEdges(PD.getMutablePieces(), SM, OCS, LCM)) {}

        // Drop the very first function-entry edge. It's not really necessary
        // for top-level functions.
        dropFunctionEntryEdge(PD.getMutablePieces(), LCM, SM);
      }

      // Remove messages that are basically the same, and edges that may not
      // make sense.
      // We have to do this after edge optimization in the Extensive mode.
      removeRedundantMsgs(PD.getMutablePieces());
      removeEdgesToDefaultInitializers(PD.getMutablePieces());
    }

    // We found a report and didn't suppress it.
    return true;
  }

  // We suppressed all the reports in this equivalence class.
  assert(!HasInvalid && "Inconsistent suppression");
  (void)HasInvalid;
  return false;
}

void BugReporter::Register(BugType *BT) {
  BugTypes = F.add(BugTypes, BT);
}

void BugReporter::emitReport(BugReport* R) {
  // To guarantee memory release.
  std::unique_ptr<BugReport> UniqueR(R);

  if (const ExplodedNode *E = R->getErrorNode()) {
    const AnalysisDeclContext *DeclCtx =
        E->getLocationContext()->getAnalysisDeclContext();
    // The source of autosynthesized body can be handcrafted AST or a model
    // file. The locations from handcrafted ASTs have no valid source locations
    // and have to be discarded. Locations from model files should be preserved
    // for processing and reporting.
    if (DeclCtx->isBodyAutosynthesized() &&
        !DeclCtx->isBodyAutosynthesizedFromModelFile())
      return;
  }
  
  bool ValidSourceLoc = R->getLocation(getSourceManager()).isValid();
  assert(ValidSourceLoc);
  // If we mess up in a release build, we'd still prefer to just drop the bug
  // instead of trying to go on.
  if (!ValidSourceLoc)
    return;

  // Compute the bug report's hash to determine its equivalence class.
  llvm::FoldingSetNodeID ID;
  R->Profile(ID);

  // Lookup the equivance class.  If there isn't one, create it.
  BugType& BT = R->getBugType();
  Register(&BT);
  void *InsertPos;
  BugReportEquivClass* EQ = EQClasses.FindNodeOrInsertPos(ID, InsertPos);

  if (!EQ) {
    EQ = new BugReportEquivClass(std::move(UniqueR));
    EQClasses.InsertNode(EQ, InsertPos);
    EQClassesVector.push_back(EQ);
  } else
    EQ->AddReport(std::move(UniqueR));
}


//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Emitting reports in equivalence classes.
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

namespace {
struct FRIEC_WLItem {
  const ExplodedNode *N;
  ExplodedNode::const_succ_iterator I, E;
  
  FRIEC_WLItem(const ExplodedNode *n)
  : N(n), I(N->succ_begin()), E(N->succ_end()) {}
};  
}

static BugReport *
FindReportInEquivalenceClass(BugReportEquivClass& EQ,
                             SmallVectorImpl<BugReport*> &bugReports) {

  BugReportEquivClass::iterator I = EQ.begin(), E = EQ.end();
  assert(I != E);
  BugType& BT = I->getBugType();

  // If we don't need to suppress any of the nodes because they are
  // post-dominated by a sink, simply add all the nodes in the equivalence class
  // to 'Nodes'.  Any of the reports will serve as a "representative" report.
  if (!BT.isSuppressOnSink()) {
    BugReport *R = I;
    for (BugReportEquivClass::iterator I=EQ.begin(), E=EQ.end(); I!=E; ++I) {
      const ExplodedNode *N = I->getErrorNode();
      if (N) {
        R = I;
        bugReports.push_back(R);
      }
    }
    return R;
  }

  // For bug reports that should be suppressed when all paths are post-dominated
  // by a sink node, iterate through the reports in the equivalence class
  // until we find one that isn't post-dominated (if one exists).  We use a
  // DFS traversal of the ExplodedGraph to find a non-sink node.  We could write
  // this as a recursive function, but we don't want to risk blowing out the
  // stack for very long paths.
  BugReport *exampleReport = nullptr;

  for (; I != E; ++I) {
    const ExplodedNode *errorNode = I->getErrorNode();

    if (!errorNode)
      continue;
    if (errorNode->isSink()) {
      llvm_unreachable(
           "BugType::isSuppressSink() should not be 'true' for sink end nodes");
    }
    // No successors?  By definition this nodes isn't post-dominated by a sink.
    if (errorNode->succ_empty()) {
      bugReports.push_back(I);
      if (!exampleReport)
        exampleReport = I;
      continue;
    }

    // At this point we know that 'N' is not a sink and it has at least one
    // successor.  Use a DFS worklist to find a non-sink end-of-path node.    
    typedef FRIEC_WLItem WLItem;
    typedef SmallVector<WLItem, 10> DFSWorkList;
    llvm::DenseMap<const ExplodedNode *, unsigned> Visited;
    
    DFSWorkList WL;
    WL.push_back(errorNode);
    Visited[errorNode] = 1;
    
    while (!WL.empty()) {
      WLItem &WI = WL.back();
      assert(!WI.N->succ_empty());
            
      for (; WI.I != WI.E; ++WI.I) {
        const ExplodedNode *Succ = *WI.I;        
        // End-of-path node?
        if (Succ->succ_empty()) {
          // If we found an end-of-path node that is not a sink.
          if (!Succ->isSink()) {
            bugReports.push_back(I);
            if (!exampleReport)
              exampleReport = I;
            WL.clear();
            break;
          }
          // Found a sink?  Continue on to the next successor.
          continue;
        }
        // Mark the successor as visited.  If it hasn't been explored,
        // enqueue it to the DFS worklist.
        unsigned &mark = Visited[Succ];
        if (!mark) {
          mark = 1;
          WL.push_back(Succ);
          break;
        }
      }

      // The worklist may have been cleared at this point.  First
      // check if it is empty before checking the last item.
      if (!WL.empty() && &WL.back() == &WI)
        WL.pop_back();
    }
  }

  // ExampleReport will be NULL if all the nodes in the equivalence class
  // were post-dominated by sinks.
  return exampleReport;
}

void BugReporter::FlushReport(BugReportEquivClass& EQ) {
  SmallVector<BugReport*, 10> bugReports;
  BugReport *exampleReport = FindReportInEquivalenceClass(EQ, bugReports);
  if (exampleReport) {
    for (PathDiagnosticConsumer *PDC : getPathDiagnosticConsumers()) {
      FlushReport(exampleReport, *PDC, bugReports);
    }
  }
}

void BugReporter::FlushReport(BugReport *exampleReport,
                              PathDiagnosticConsumer &PD,
                              ArrayRef<BugReport*> bugReports) {

  // FIXME: Make sure we use the 'R' for the path that was actually used.
  // Probably doesn't make a difference in practice.
  BugType& BT = exampleReport->getBugType();

  std::unique_ptr<PathDiagnostic> D(new PathDiagnostic(
      exampleReport->getBugType().getCheckName(),
      exampleReport->getDeclWithIssue(), exampleReport->getBugType().getName(),
      exampleReport->getDescription(),
      exampleReport->getShortDescription(/*Fallback=*/false), BT.getCategory(),
      exampleReport->getUniqueingLocation(),
      exampleReport->getUniqueingDecl()));

  MaxBugClassSize = std::max(bugReports.size(),
                             static_cast<size_t>(MaxBugClassSize));

  // Generate the full path diagnostic, using the generation scheme
  // specified by the PathDiagnosticConsumer. Note that we have to generate
  // path diagnostics even for consumers which do not support paths, because
  // the BugReporterVisitors may mark this bug as a false positive.
  if (!bugReports.empty())
    if (!generatePathDiagnostic(*D.get(), PD, bugReports))
      return;

  MaxValidBugClassSize = std::max(bugReports.size(),
                                  static_cast<size_t>(MaxValidBugClassSize));

  // Examine the report and see if the last piece is in a header. Reset the
  // report location to the last piece in the main source file.
  AnalyzerOptions& Opts = getAnalyzerOptions();
  if (Opts.shouldReportIssuesInMainSourceFile() && !Opts.AnalyzeAll)
    D->resetDiagnosticLocationToMainFile();

  // If the path is empty, generate a single step path with the location
  // of the issue.
  if (D->path.empty()) {
    PathDiagnosticLocation L = exampleReport->getLocation(getSourceManager());
    auto piece = llvm::make_unique<PathDiagnosticEventPiece>(
        L, exampleReport->getDescription());
    for (const SourceRange &Range : exampleReport->getRanges())
      piece->addRange(Range);
    D->setEndOfPath(std::move(piece));
  }

  // Get the meta data.
  const BugReport::ExtraTextList &Meta = exampleReport->getExtraText();
  for (BugReport::ExtraTextList::const_iterator i = Meta.begin(),
                                                e = Meta.end(); i != e; ++i) {
    D->addMeta(*i);
  }

  PD.HandlePathDiagnostic(std::move(D));
}

void BugReporter::EmitBasicReport(const Decl *DeclWithIssue,
                                  const CheckerBase *Checker,
                                  StringRef Name, StringRef Category,
                                  StringRef Str, PathDiagnosticLocation Loc,
                                  ArrayRef<SourceRange> Ranges) {
  EmitBasicReport(DeclWithIssue, Checker->getCheckName(), Name, Category, Str,
                  Loc, Ranges);
}
void BugReporter::EmitBasicReport(const Decl *DeclWithIssue,
                                  CheckName CheckName,
                                  StringRef name, StringRef category,
                                  StringRef str, PathDiagnosticLocation Loc,
                                  ArrayRef<SourceRange> Ranges) {

  // 'BT' is owned by BugReporter.
  BugType *BT = getBugTypeForName(CheckName, name, category);
  BugReport *R = new BugReport(*BT, str, Loc);
  R->setDeclWithIssue(DeclWithIssue);
  for (ArrayRef<SourceRange>::iterator I = Ranges.begin(), E = Ranges.end();
       I != E; ++I)
    R->addRange(*I);
  emitReport(R);
}

BugType *BugReporter::getBugTypeForName(CheckName CheckName, StringRef name,
                                        StringRef category) {
  SmallString<136> fullDesc;
  llvm::raw_svector_ostream(fullDesc) << CheckName.getName() << ":" << name
                                      << ":" << category;
  BugType *&BT = StrBugTypes[fullDesc];
  if (!BT)
    BT = new BugType(CheckName, name, category);
  return BT;
}

LLVM_DUMP_METHOD void PathPieces::dump() const {
  unsigned index = 0;
  for (PathPieces::const_iterator I = begin(), E = end(); I != E; ++I) {
    llvm::errs() << "[" << index++ << "]  ";
    (*I)->dump();
    llvm::errs() << "\n";
  }
}

void PathDiagnosticCallPiece::dump() const {
  llvm::errs() << "CALL\n--------------\n";

  if (const Stmt *SLoc = getLocStmt(getLocation()))
    SLoc->dump();
  else if (const NamedDecl *ND = dyn_cast<NamedDecl>(getCallee()))
    llvm::errs() << *ND << "\n";
  else
    getLocation().dump();
}

void PathDiagnosticEventPiece::dump() const {
  llvm::errs() << "EVENT\n--------------\n";
  llvm::errs() << getString() << "\n";
  llvm::errs() << " ---- at ----\n";
  getLocation().dump();
}

void PathDiagnosticControlFlowPiece::dump() const {
  llvm::errs() << "CONTROL\n--------------\n";
  getStartLocation().dump();
  llvm::errs() << " ---- to ----\n";
  getEndLocation().dump();
}

void PathDiagnosticMacroPiece::dump() const {
  llvm::errs() << "MACRO\n--------------\n";
  // FIXME: Print which macro is being invoked.
}

void PathDiagnosticLocation::dump() const {
  if (!isValid()) {
    llvm::errs() << "<INVALID>\n";
    return;
  }

  switch (K) {
  case RangeK:
    // FIXME: actually print the range.
    llvm::errs() << "<range>\n";
    break;
  case SingleLocK:
    asLocation().dump();
    llvm::errs() << "\n";
    break;
  case StmtK:
    if (S)
      S->dump();
    else
      llvm::errs() << "<NULL STMT>\n";
    break;
  case DeclK:
    if (const NamedDecl *ND = dyn_cast_or_null<NamedDecl>(D))
      llvm::errs() << *ND << "\n";
    else if (isa<BlockDecl>(D))
      // FIXME: Make this nicer.
      llvm::errs() << "<block>\n";
    else if (D)
      llvm::errs() << "<unknown decl>\n";
    else
      llvm::errs() << "<NULL DECL>\n";
    break;
  }
}