llvm-project/lld/ELF/Config.h

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//===- Config.h -------------------------------------------------*- C++ -*-===//
//
// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
#ifndef LLD_ELF_CONFIG_H
#define LLD_ELF_CONFIG_H
#include "lld/Common/ErrorHandler.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/CachedHashString.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/MapVector.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/SetVector.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/StringRef.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/StringSet.h"
#include "llvm/BinaryFormat/ELF.h"
#include "llvm/Support/CachePruning.h"
#include "llvm/Support/CodeGen.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Endian.h"
#include "llvm/Support/GlobPattern.h"
#include "llvm/Support/PrettyStackTrace.h"
#include <atomic>
#include <memory>
#include <vector>
namespace lld {
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namespace elf {
class InputFile;
class InputSectionBase;
enum ELFKind : uint8_t {
ELFNoneKind,
ELF32LEKind,
ELF32BEKind,
ELF64LEKind,
ELF64BEKind
};
[ELF] Add -Bsymbolic-non-weak-functions This option is a subset of -Bsymbolic-functions. It applies to STB_GLOBAL STT_FUNC definitions. The address of a vague linkage function (STB_WEAK STT_FUNC, e.g. an inline function, a template instantiation) seen by a -Bsymbolic-functions linked shared object may be different from the address seen from outside the shared object. Such cases are uncommon. (ELF/Mach-O programs may use `-fvisibility-inlines-hidden` to break such pointer equality. On Windows, correct dllexport and dllimport are needed to make pointer equality work. Windows link.exe enables /OPT:ICF by default so different inline functions may have the same address.) ``` // a.cc -> a.o -> a.so (-Bsymbolic-functions) inline void f() {} void *g() { return (void *)&f; } // b.cc -> b.o -> exe // The address is different! inline void f() {} ``` -Bsymbolic-non-weak-functions is a safer (C++ conforming) subset of -Bsymbolic-functions, which can make such programs work. Implementations usually emit a vague linkage definition in a COMDAT group. We could detect the group (with more code) but I feel that we should just check STB_WEAK for simplicity. A weak definition will thus serve as an escape hatch for rare cases when users want interposition on definitions. GNU ld feature request: https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=27871 Longer write-up: https://maskray.me/blog/2021-05-16-elf-interposition-and-bsymbolic If Linux distributions migrate to protected non-vague-linkage external linkage functions by default, the linker option can still be handy because it allows rapid experiment without recompilation. Protected function addresses currently have deep issues in GNU ld. Reviewed By: peter.smith Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D102570
2021-07-30 05:46:53 +08:00
// For -Bno-symbolic, -Bsymbolic-non-weak-functions, -Bsymbolic-functions,
// -Bsymbolic.
enum class BsymbolicKind { None, NonWeakFunctions, Functions, All };
// For --build-id.
enum class BuildIdKind { None, Fast, Md5, Sha1, Hexstring, Uuid };
// For --discard-{all,locals,none}.
enum class DiscardPolicy { Default, All, Locals, None };
// For --icf={none,safe,all}.
enum class ICFLevel { None, Safe, All };
// For --strip-{all,debug}.
enum class StripPolicy { None, All, Debug };
// For --unresolved-symbols.
enum class UnresolvedPolicy { ReportError, Warn, Ignore };
// For --orphan-handling.
enum class OrphanHandlingPolicy { Place, Warn, Error };
// For --sort-section and linkerscript sorting rules.
enum class SortSectionPolicy { Default, None, Alignment, Name, Priority };
// For --target2
enum class Target2Policy { Abs, Rel, GotRel };
// For tracking ARM Float Argument PCS
enum class ARMVFPArgKind { Default, Base, VFP, ToolChain };
// For -z noseparate-code, -z separate-code and -z separate-loadable-segments.
enum class SeparateSegmentKind { None, Code, Loadable };
// For -z *stack
enum class GnuStackKind { None, Exec, NoExec };
struct SymbolVersion {
llvm::StringRef name;
bool isExternCpp;
bool hasWildcard;
};
// This struct contains symbols version definition that
// can be found in version script if it is used for link.
struct VersionDefinition {
llvm::StringRef name;
uint16_t id;
SmallVector<SymbolVersion, 0> nonLocalPatterns;
SmallVector<SymbolVersion, 0> localPatterns;
};
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// This struct contains the global configuration for the linker.
// Most fields are direct mapping from the command line options
// and such fields have the same name as the corresponding options.
// Most fields are initialized by the driver.
struct Configuration {
uint8_t osabi = 0;
uint32_t andFeatures = 0;
llvm::CachePruningPolicy thinLTOCachePolicy;
llvm::SetVector<llvm::CachedHashString> dependencyFiles; // for --dependency-file
llvm::StringMap<uint64_t> sectionStartMap;
llvm::StringRef bfdname;
llvm::StringRef chroot;
llvm::StringRef dependencyFile;
llvm::StringRef dwoDir;
llvm::StringRef dynamicLinker;
llvm::StringRef entry;
llvm::StringRef emulation;
llvm::StringRef fini;
llvm::StringRef init;
llvm::StringRef ltoAAPipeline;
llvm::StringRef ltoCSProfileFile;
llvm::StringRef ltoNewPmPasses;
llvm::StringRef ltoObjPath;
llvm::StringRef ltoSampleProfile;
llvm::StringRef mapFile;
llvm::StringRef outputFile;
llvm::StringRef optRemarksFilename;
llvm::Optional<uint64_t> optRemarksHotnessThreshold = 0;
llvm::StringRef optRemarksPasses;
llvm::StringRef optRemarksFormat;
llvm::StringRef progName;
llvm::StringRef printArchiveStats;
llvm::StringRef printSymbolOrder;
llvm::StringRef soName;
llvm::StringRef sysroot;
llvm::StringRef thinLTOCacheDir;
llvm::StringRef thinLTOIndexOnlyArg;
[ELF] Add --why-extract= to query why archive members/lazy object files are extracted Similar to D69607 but for archive member extraction unrelated to GC. This patch adds --why-extract=. Prior art: GNU ld -M prints ``` Archive member included to satisfy reference by file (symbol) a.a(a.o) main.o (a) b.a(b.o) (b()) ``` -M is mainly for input section/symbol assignment <-> output section mapping (often huge output) and the information may appear ad-hoc. Apple ld64 ``` __Z1bv forced load of b.a(b.o) _a forced load of a.a(a.o) ``` It doesn't say the reference file. Arm's proprietary linker ``` Selecting member vsnprintf.o(c_wfu.l) to define vsnprintf. ... Loading member vsnprintf.o from c_wfu.l. definition: vsnprintf reference : _printf_a ``` --- --why-extract= gives the user the full data (which is much shorter than GNU ld -Map). It is easy to track a chain of references to one archive member with a one-liner, e.g. ``` % ld.lld main.o a_b.a b_c.a c.a -o /dev/null --why-extract=- | tee stdout reference extracted symbol main.o a_b.a(a_b.o) a a_b.a(a_b.o) b_c.a(b_c.o) b() b_c.a(b_c.o) c.a(c.o) c() % ruby -ane 'BEGIN{p={}}; p[$F[1]]=[$F[0],$F[2]] if $.>1; END{x="c.a(c.o)"; while y=p[x]; puts "#{y[0]} extracts #{x} to resolve #{y[1]}"; x=y[0] end}' stdout b_c.a(b_c.o) extracts c.a(c.o) to resolve c() a_b.a(a_b.o) extracts b_c.a(b_c.o) to resolve b() main.o extracts a_b.a(a_b.o) to resolve a ``` Archive member extraction happens before --gc-sections, so this may not be a live path under --gc-sections, but I think it is a good approximation in practice. * Specifying a file avoids output interleaving with --verbose. * Required `=` prevents accidental overwrite of an input if the user forgets `=`. (Most of compiler drivers' long options accept `=` but not ` `) Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D109572
2021-09-21 00:52:30 +08:00
llvm::StringRef whyExtract;
StringRef zBtiReport = "none";
StringRef zCetReport = "none";
LLD Support for Basic Block Sections This is part of the Propeller framework to do post link code layout optimizations. Please see the RFC here: https://groups.google.com/forum/#!msg/llvm-dev/ef3mKzAdJ7U/1shV64BYBAAJ and the detailed RFC doc here: https://github.com/google/llvm-propeller/blob/plo-dev/Propeller_RFC.pdf This patch adds lld support for basic block sections and performs relaxations after the basic blocks have been reordered. After the linker has reordered the basic block sections according to the desired sequence, it runs a relaxation pass to optimize jump instructions. Currently, the compiler emits the long form of all jump instructions. AMD64 ISA supports variants of jump instructions with one byte offset or a four byte offset. The compiler generates jump instructions with R_X86_64 32-bit PC relative relocations. We would like to use a new relocation type for these jump instructions as it makes it easy and accurate while relaxing these instructions. The relaxation pass does two things: First, it deletes all explicit fall-through direct jump instructions between adjacent basic blocks. This is done by discarding the tail of the basic block section. Second, If there are consecutive jump instructions, it checks if the first conditional jump can be inverted to convert the second into a fall through and delete the second. The jump instructions are relaxed by using jump instruction mods, something like relocations. These are used to modify the opcode of the jump instruction. Jump instruction mods contain three values, instruction offset, jump type and size. While writing this jump instruction out to the final binary, the linker uses the jump instruction mod to determine the opcode and the size of the modified jump instruction. These mods are required because the input object files are memory-mapped without write permissions and directly modifying the object files requires copying these sections. Copying a large number of basic block sections significantly bloats memory. Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D68065
2020-04-07 21:48:18 +08:00
llvm::StringRef ltoBasicBlockSections;
std::pair<llvm::StringRef, llvm::StringRef> thinLTOObjectSuffixReplace;
std::pair<llvm::StringRef, llvm::StringRef> thinLTOPrefixReplace;
std::string rpath;
std::vector<VersionDefinition> versionDefinitions;
std::vector<llvm::StringRef> auxiliaryList;
std::vector<llvm::StringRef> filterList;
std::vector<llvm::StringRef> searchPaths;
std::vector<llvm::StringRef> symbolOrderingFile;
std::vector<llvm::StringRef> thinLTOModulesToCompile;
std::vector<llvm::StringRef> undefined;
std::vector<SymbolVersion> dynamicList;
std::vector<uint8_t> buildIdVector;
llvm::MapVector<std::pair<const InputSectionBase *, const InputSectionBase *>,
uint64_t>
callGraphProfile;
bool allowMultipleDefinition;
bool androidPackDynRelocs;
bool armHasBlx = false;
bool armHasMovtMovw = false;
bool armJ1J2BranchEncoding = false;
bool asNeeded = false;
[ELF] Add -Bsymbolic-non-weak-functions This option is a subset of -Bsymbolic-functions. It applies to STB_GLOBAL STT_FUNC definitions. The address of a vague linkage function (STB_WEAK STT_FUNC, e.g. an inline function, a template instantiation) seen by a -Bsymbolic-functions linked shared object may be different from the address seen from outside the shared object. Such cases are uncommon. (ELF/Mach-O programs may use `-fvisibility-inlines-hidden` to break such pointer equality. On Windows, correct dllexport and dllimport are needed to make pointer equality work. Windows link.exe enables /OPT:ICF by default so different inline functions may have the same address.) ``` // a.cc -> a.o -> a.so (-Bsymbolic-functions) inline void f() {} void *g() { return (void *)&f; } // b.cc -> b.o -> exe // The address is different! inline void f() {} ``` -Bsymbolic-non-weak-functions is a safer (C++ conforming) subset of -Bsymbolic-functions, which can make such programs work. Implementations usually emit a vague linkage definition in a COMDAT group. We could detect the group (with more code) but I feel that we should just check STB_WEAK for simplicity. A weak definition will thus serve as an escape hatch for rare cases when users want interposition on definitions. GNU ld feature request: https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=27871 Longer write-up: https://maskray.me/blog/2021-05-16-elf-interposition-and-bsymbolic If Linux distributions migrate to protected non-vague-linkage external linkage functions by default, the linker option can still be handy because it allows rapid experiment without recompilation. Protected function addresses currently have deep issues in GNU ld. Reviewed By: peter.smith Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D102570
2021-07-30 05:46:53 +08:00
BsymbolicKind bsymbolic = BsymbolicKind::None;
bool callGraphProfileSort;
bool checkSections;
bool checkDynamicRelocs;
bool compressDebugSections;
bool cref;
std::vector<std::pair<llvm::GlobPattern, uint64_t>> deadRelocInNonAlloc;
bool defineCommon;
bool demangle = true;
[ELF] Implement Dependent Libraries Feature This patch implements a limited form of autolinking primarily designed to allow either the --dependent-library compiler option, or "comment lib" pragmas ( https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/preprocessor/comment-c-cpp?view=vs-2017) in C/C++ e.g. #pragma comment(lib, "foo"), to cause an ELF linker to automatically add the specified library to the link when processing the input file generated by the compiler. Currently this extension is unique to LLVM and LLD. However, care has been taken to design this feature so that it could be supported by other ELF linkers. The design goals were to provide: - A simple linking model for developers to reason about. - The ability to to override autolinking from the linker command line. - Source code compatibility, where possible, with "comment lib" pragmas in other environments (MSVC in particular). Dependent library support is implemented differently for ELF platforms than on the other platforms. Primarily this difference is that on ELF we pass the dependent library specifiers directly to the linker without manipulating them. This is in contrast to other platforms where they are mapped to a specific linker option by the compiler. This difference is a result of the greater variety of ELF linkers and the fact that ELF linkers tend to handle libraries in a more complicated fashion than on other platforms. This forces us to defer handling the specifiers to the linker. In order to achieve a level of source code compatibility with other platforms we have restricted this feature to work with libraries that meet the following "reasonable" requirements: 1. There are no competing defined symbols in a given set of libraries, or if they exist, the program owner doesn't care which is linked to their program. 2. There may be circular dependencies between libraries. The binary representation is a mergeable string section (SHF_MERGE, SHF_STRINGS), called .deplibs, with custom type SHT_LLVM_DEPENDENT_LIBRARIES (0x6fff4c04). The compiler forms this section by concatenating the arguments of the "comment lib" pragmas and --dependent-library options in the order they are encountered. Partial (-r, -Ur) links are handled by concatenating .deplibs sections with the normal mergeable string section rules. As an example, #pragma comment(lib, "foo") would result in: .section ".deplibs","MS",@llvm_dependent_libraries,1 .asciz "foo" For LTO, equivalent information to the contents of a the .deplibs section can be retrieved by the LLD for bitcode input files. LLD processes the dependent library specifiers in the following way: 1. Dependent libraries which are found from the specifiers in .deplibs sections of relocatable object files are added when the linker decides to include that file (which could itself be in a library) in the link. Dependent libraries behave as if they were appended to the command line after all other options. As a consequence the set of dependent libraries are searched last to resolve symbols. 2. It is an error if a file cannot be found for a given specifier. 3. Any command line options in effect at the end of the command line parsing apply to the dependent libraries, e.g. --whole-archive. 4. The linker tries to add a library or relocatable object file from each of the strings in a .deplibs section by; first, handling the string as if it was specified on the command line; second, by looking for the string in each of the library search paths in turn; third, by looking for a lib<string>.a or lib<string>.so (depending on the current mode of the linker) in each of the library search paths. 5. A new command line option --no-dependent-libraries tells LLD to ignore the dependent libraries. Rationale for the above points: 1. Adding the dependent libraries last makes the process simple to understand from a developers perspective. All linkers are able to implement this scheme. 2. Error-ing for libraries that are not found seems like better behavior than failing the link during symbol resolution. 3. It seems useful for the user to be able to apply command line options which will affect all of the dependent libraries. There is a potential problem of surprise for developers, who might not realize that these options would apply to these "invisible" input files; however, despite the potential for surprise, this is easy for developers to reason about and gives developers the control that they may require. 4. This algorithm takes into account all of the different ways that ELF linkers find input files. The different search methods are tried by the linker in most obvious to least obvious order. 5. I considered adding finer grained control over which dependent libraries were ignored (e.g. MSVC has /nodefaultlib:<library>); however, I concluded that this is not necessary: if finer control is required developers can fall back to using the command line directly. RFC thread: http://lists.llvm.org/pipermail/llvm-dev/2019-March/131004.html. Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D60274 llvm-svn: 360984
2019-05-17 11:44:15 +08:00
bool dependentLibraries;
bool disableVerify;
bool ehFrameHdr;
bool emitLLVM;
bool emitRelocs;
bool enableNewDtags;
bool executeOnly;
bool exportDynamic;
bool fixCortexA53Errata843419;
bool fixCortexA8;
bool formatBinary = false;
bool fortranCommon;
bool gcSections;
bool gdbIndex;
bool gnuHash = false;
bool gnuUnique;
bool hasDynSymTab;
bool ignoreDataAddressEquality;
bool ignoreFunctionAddressEquality;
bool ltoCSProfileGenerate;
bool ltoPGOWarnMismatch;
bool ltoDebugPassManager;
bool ltoEmitAsm;
bool ltoNewPassManager;
bool ltoUniqueBasicBlockSectionNames;
bool ltoWholeProgramVisibility;
bool mergeArmExidx;
bool mipsN32Abi = false;
[LLD][ELF] Support --[no-]mmap-output-file with F_no_mmap Summary: Add a flag `F_no_mmap` to `FileOutputBuffer` to support `--[no-]mmap-output-file` in ELF LLD. LLD currently explicitly ignores this flag for compatibility with GNU ld and gold. We need this flag to speed up link time for large binaries in certain scenarios. When we link some of our larger binaries we find that LLD takes 50+ GB of memory, which causes memory pressure. The memory pressure causes the VM to flush dirty pages of the output file to disk. This is normally okay, since we should be flushing cold pages. However, when using BtrFS with compression we need to write 128KB at a time when we flush a page. If any page in that 128KB block is written again, then it must be flushed a second time, and so on. Since LLD doesn't write sequentially this causes write amplification. The same 128KB block will end up being flushed multiple times, causing the linker to many times more IO than necessary. We've observed 3-5x faster builds with -no-mmap-output-file when we hit this scenario. The bad scenario only applies to compressed filesystems, which group together multiple pages into a single compressed block. I've tested BtrFS, but the problem will be present for any compressed filesystem on Linux, since it is caused by the VM. Silently ignoring --no-mmap-output-file caused a silent regression when we switched from gold to lld. We pass --no-mmap-output-file to fix this edge case, but since lld silently ignored the flag we didn't realize it wasn't being respected. Benchmark building a 9 GB binary that exposes this edge case. I linked 3 times with --mmap-output-file and 3 times with --no-mmap-output-file and took the average. The machine has 24 cores @ 2.4 GHz, 112 GB of RAM, BtrFS mounted with -compress-force=zstd, and an 80% full disk. | Mode | Time | |---------|-------| | mmap | 894 s | | no mmap | 126 s | When compression is disabled, BtrFS performs just as well with and without mmap on this benchmark. I was unable to reproduce the regression with any binaries in lld-speed-test. Reviewed By: ruiu, MaskRay Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D69294
2019-10-30 06:46:22 +08:00
bool mmapOutputFile;
bool nmagic;
bool noDynamicLinker = false;
bool noinhibitExec;
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bool nostdlib;
bool oFormatBinary;
bool omagic;
bool optEB = false;
bool optEL = false;
LLD Support for Basic Block Sections This is part of the Propeller framework to do post link code layout optimizations. Please see the RFC here: https://groups.google.com/forum/#!msg/llvm-dev/ef3mKzAdJ7U/1shV64BYBAAJ and the detailed RFC doc here: https://github.com/google/llvm-propeller/blob/plo-dev/Propeller_RFC.pdf This patch adds lld support for basic block sections and performs relaxations after the basic blocks have been reordered. After the linker has reordered the basic block sections according to the desired sequence, it runs a relaxation pass to optimize jump instructions. Currently, the compiler emits the long form of all jump instructions. AMD64 ISA supports variants of jump instructions with one byte offset or a four byte offset. The compiler generates jump instructions with R_X86_64 32-bit PC relative relocations. We would like to use a new relocation type for these jump instructions as it makes it easy and accurate while relaxing these instructions. The relaxation pass does two things: First, it deletes all explicit fall-through direct jump instructions between adjacent basic blocks. This is done by discarding the tail of the basic block section. Second, If there are consecutive jump instructions, it checks if the first conditional jump can be inverted to convert the second into a fall through and delete the second. The jump instructions are relaxed by using jump instruction mods, something like relocations. These are used to modify the opcode of the jump instruction. Jump instruction mods contain three values, instruction offset, jump type and size. While writing this jump instruction out to the final binary, the linker uses the jump instruction mod to determine the opcode and the size of the modified jump instruction. These mods are required because the input object files are memory-mapped without write permissions and directly modifying the object files requires copying these sections. Copying a large number of basic block sections significantly bloats memory. Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D68065
2020-04-07 21:48:18 +08:00
bool optimizeBBJumps;
bool optRemarksWithHotness;
bool picThunk;
bool pie;
bool printGcSections;
bool printIcfSections;
bool relax;
bool relocatable;
bool relrPackDynRelocs;
bool saveTemps;
std::vector<std::pair<llvm::GlobPattern, uint32_t>> shuffleSections;
bool singleRoRx;
bool shared;
bool symbolic;
bool isStatic = false;
bool sysvHash = false;
bool target1Rel;
bool trace;
bool thinLTOEmitImportsFiles;
bool thinLTOIndexOnly;
bool timeTraceEnabled;
bool tocOptimize;
bool pcRelOptimize;
bool undefinedVersion;
bool unique;
bool useAndroidRelrTags = false;
Add --warn-backrefs to maintain compatibility with other linkers I'm proposing a new command line flag, --warn-backrefs in this patch. The flag and the feature proposed below don't exist in GNU linkers nor the current lld. --warn-backrefs is an option to detect reverse or cyclic dependencies between static archives, and it can be used to keep your program compatible with GNU linkers after you switch to lld. I'll explain the feature and why you may find it useful below. lld's symbol resolution semantics is more relaxed than traditional Unix linkers. Therefore, ld.lld foo.a bar.o succeeds even if bar.o contains an undefined symbol that have to be resolved by some object file in foo.a. Traditional Unix linkers don't allow this kind of backward reference, as they visit each file only once from left to right in the command line while resolving all undefined symbol at the moment of visiting. In the above case, since there's no undefined symbol when a linker visits foo.a, no files are pulled out from foo.a, and because the linker forgets about foo.a after visiting, it can't resolve undefined symbols that could have been resolved otherwise. That lld accepts more relaxed form means (besides it makes more sense) that you can accidentally write a command line or a build file that works only with lld, even if you have a plan to distribute it to wider users who may be using GNU linkers. With --check-library-dependency, you can detect a library order that doesn't work with other Unix linkers. The option is also useful to detect cyclic dependencies between static archives. Again, lld accepts ld.lld foo.a bar.a even if foo.a and bar.a depend on each other. With --warn-backrefs it is handled as an error. Here is how the option works. We assign a group ID to each file. A file with a smaller group ID can pull out object files from an archive file with an equal or greater group ID. Otherwise, it is a reverse dependency and an error. A file outside --{start,end}-group gets a fresh ID when instantiated. All files within the same --{start,end}-group get the same group ID. E.g. ld.lld A B --start-group C D --end-group E A and B form group 0, C, D and their member object files form group 1, and E forms group 2. I think that you can see how this group assignment rule simulates the traditional linker's semantics. Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D45195 llvm-svn: 329636
2018-04-10 07:05:48 +08:00
bool warnBackrefs;
std::vector<llvm::GlobPattern> warnBackrefsExclude;
bool warnCommon;
bool warnMissingEntry;
bool warnSymbolOrdering;
bool writeAddends;
bool zCombreloc;
bool zCopyreloc;
bool zForceBti;
bool zForceIbt;
bool zGlobal;
bool zHazardplt;
bool zIfuncNoplt;
bool zInitfirst;
bool zInterpose;
bool zKeepTextSectionPrefix;
bool zNodefaultlib;
bool zNodelete;
bool zNodlopen;
bool zNow;
bool zOrigin;
bool zPacPlt;
bool zRelro;
bool zRodynamic;
bool zShstk;
2021-02-26 07:46:37 +08:00
bool zStartStopGC;
uint8_t zStartStopVisibility;
bool zText;
Introduce the "retpoline" x86 mitigation technique for variant #2 of the speculative execution vulnerabilities disclosed today, specifically identified by CVE-2017-5715, "Branch Target Injection", and is one of the two halves to Spectre.. Summary: First, we need to explain the core of the vulnerability. Note that this is a very incomplete description, please see the Project Zero blog post for details: https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2018/01/reading-privileged-memory-with-side.html The basis for branch target injection is to direct speculative execution of the processor to some "gadget" of executable code by poisoning the prediction of indirect branches with the address of that gadget. The gadget in turn contains an operation that provides a side channel for reading data. Most commonly, this will look like a load of secret data followed by a branch on the loaded value and then a load of some predictable cache line. The attacker then uses timing of the processors cache to determine which direction the branch took *in the speculative execution*, and in turn what one bit of the loaded value was. Due to the nature of these timing side channels and the branch predictor on Intel processors, this allows an attacker to leak data only accessible to a privileged domain (like the kernel) back into an unprivileged domain. The goal is simple: avoid generating code which contains an indirect branch that could have its prediction poisoned by an attacker. In many cases, the compiler can simply use directed conditional branches and a small search tree. LLVM already has support for lowering switches in this way and the first step of this patch is to disable jump-table lowering of switches and introduce a pass to rewrite explicit indirectbr sequences into a switch over integers. However, there is no fully general alternative to indirect calls. We introduce a new construct we call a "retpoline" to implement indirect calls in a non-speculatable way. It can be thought of loosely as a trampoline for indirect calls which uses the RET instruction on x86. Further, we arrange for a specific call->ret sequence which ensures the processor predicts the return to go to a controlled, known location. The retpoline then "smashes" the return address pushed onto the stack by the call with the desired target of the original indirect call. The result is a predicted return to the next instruction after a call (which can be used to trap speculative execution within an infinite loop) and an actual indirect branch to an arbitrary address. On 64-bit x86 ABIs, this is especially easily done in the compiler by using a guaranteed scratch register to pass the target into this device. For 32-bit ABIs there isn't a guaranteed scratch register and so several different retpoline variants are introduced to use a scratch register if one is available in the calling convention and to otherwise use direct stack push/pop sequences to pass the target address. This "retpoline" mitigation is fully described in the following blog post: https://support.google.com/faqs/answer/7625886 We also support a target feature that disables emission of the retpoline thunk by the compiler to allow for custom thunks if users want them. These are particularly useful in environments like kernels that routinely do hot-patching on boot and want to hot-patch their thunk to different code sequences. They can write this custom thunk and use `-mretpoline-external-thunk` *in addition* to `-mretpoline`. In this case, on x86-64 thu thunk names must be: ``` __llvm_external_retpoline_r11 ``` or on 32-bit: ``` __llvm_external_retpoline_eax __llvm_external_retpoline_ecx __llvm_external_retpoline_edx __llvm_external_retpoline_push ``` And the target of the retpoline is passed in the named register, or in the case of the `push` suffix on the top of the stack via a `pushl` instruction. There is one other important source of indirect branches in x86 ELF binaries: the PLT. These patches also include support for LLD to generate PLT entries that perform a retpoline-style indirection. The only other indirect branches remaining that we are aware of are from precompiled runtimes (such as crt0.o and similar). The ones we have found are not really attackable, and so we have not focused on them here, but eventually these runtimes should also be replicated for retpoline-ed configurations for completeness. For kernels or other freestanding or fully static executables, the compiler switch `-mretpoline` is sufficient to fully mitigate this particular attack. For dynamic executables, you must compile *all* libraries with `-mretpoline` and additionally link the dynamic executable and all shared libraries with LLD and pass `-z retpolineplt` (or use similar functionality from some other linker). We strongly recommend also using `-z now` as non-lazy binding allows the retpoline-mitigated PLT to be substantially smaller. When manually apply similar transformations to `-mretpoline` to the Linux kernel we observed very small performance hits to applications running typical workloads, and relatively minor hits (approximately 2%) even for extremely syscall-heavy applications. This is largely due to the small number of indirect branches that occur in performance sensitive paths of the kernel. When using these patches on statically linked applications, especially C++ applications, you should expect to see a much more dramatic performance hit. For microbenchmarks that are switch, indirect-, or virtual-call heavy we have seen overheads ranging from 10% to 50%. However, real-world workloads exhibit substantially lower performance impact. Notably, techniques such as PGO and ThinLTO dramatically reduce the impact of hot indirect calls (by speculatively promoting them to direct calls) and allow optimized search trees to be used to lower switches. If you need to deploy these techniques in C++ applications, we *strongly* recommend that you ensure all hot call targets are statically linked (avoiding PLT indirection) and use both PGO and ThinLTO. Well tuned servers using all of these techniques saw 5% - 10% overhead from the use of retpoline. We will add detailed documentation covering these components in subsequent patches, but wanted to make the core functionality available as soon as possible. Happy for more code review, but we'd really like to get these patches landed and backported ASAP for obvious reasons. We're planning to backport this to both 6.0 and 5.0 release streams and get a 5.0 release with just this cherry picked ASAP for distros and vendors. This patch is the work of a number of people over the past month: Eric, Reid, Rui, and myself. I'm mailing it out as a single commit due to the time sensitive nature of landing this and the need to backport it. Huge thanks to everyone who helped out here, and everyone at Intel who helped out in discussions about how to craft this. Also, credit goes to Paul Turner (at Google, but not an LLVM contributor) for much of the underlying retpoline design. Reviewers: echristo, rnk, ruiu, craig.topper, DavidKreitzer Subscribers: sanjoy, emaste, mcrosier, mgorny, mehdi_amini, hiraditya, llvm-commits Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D41723 llvm-svn: 323155
2018-01-23 06:05:25 +08:00
bool zRetpolineplt;
bool zWxneeded;
DiscardPolicy discard;
GnuStackKind zGnustack;
ICFLevel icf;
OrphanHandlingPolicy orphanHandling;
SortSectionPolicy sortSection;
StripPolicy strip;
UnresolvedPolicy unresolvedSymbols;
UnresolvedPolicy unresolvedSymbolsInShlib;
Target2Policy target2;
bool power10Stubs;
ARMVFPArgKind armVFPArgs = ARMVFPArgKind::Default;
BuildIdKind buildId = BuildIdKind::None;
SeparateSegmentKind zSeparate;
ELFKind ekind = ELFNoneKind;
uint16_t emachine = llvm::ELF::EM_NONE;
llvm::Optional<uint64_t> imageBase;
uint64_t commonPageSize;
uint64_t maxPageSize;
[ELF][MIPS] Multi-GOT implementation Almost all entries inside MIPS GOT are referenced by signed 16-bit index. Zero entry lies approximately in the middle of the GOT. So the total number of GOT entries cannot exceed ~16384 for 32-bit architecture and ~8192 for 64-bit architecture. This limitation makes impossible to link rather large application like for example LLVM+Clang. There are two workaround for this problem. The first one is using the -mxgot compiler's flag. It enables using a 32-bit index to access GOT entries. But each access requires two assembly instructions two load GOT entry index to a register. Another workaround is multi-GOT. This patch implements it. Here is a brief description of multi-GOT for detailed one see the following link https://dmz-portal.mips.com/wiki/MIPS_Multi_GOT. If the sum of local, global and tls entries is less than 64K only single got is enough. Otherwise, multi-got is created. Series of primary and multiple secondary GOTs have the following layout: ``` - Primary GOT Header Local entries Global entries Relocation only entries TLS entries - Secondary GOT Local entries Global entries TLS entries ... ``` All GOT entries required by relocations from a single input file entirely belong to either primary or one of secondary GOTs. To reference GOT entries each GOT has its own _gp value points to the "middle" of the GOT. In the code this value loaded to the register which is used for GOT access. MIPS 32 function's prologue: ``` lui v0,0x0 0: R_MIPS_HI16 _gp_disp addiu v0,v0,0 4: R_MIPS_LO16 _gp_disp ``` MIPS 64 function's prologue: ``` lui at,0x0 14: R_MIPS_GPREL16 main ``` Dynamic linker does not know anything about secondary GOTs and cannot use a regular MIPS mechanism for GOT entries initialization. So we have to use an approach accepted by other architectures and create dynamic relocations R_MIPS_REL32 to initialize global entries (and local in case of PIC code) in secondary GOTs. But ironically MIPS dynamic linker requires GOT entries and correspondingly ordered dynamic symbol table entries to deal with dynamic relocations. To handle this problem relocation-only section in the primary GOT contains entries for all symbols referenced in global parts of secondary GOTs. Although the sum of local and normal global entries of the primary got should be less than 64K, the size of the primary got (including relocation-only entries can be greater than 64K, because parts of the primary got that overflow the 64K limit are used only by the dynamic linker at dynamic link-time and not by 16-bit gp-relative addressing at run-time. The patch affects common LLD code in the following places: - Added new hidden -mips-got-size flag. This flag required to set low maximum size of a single GOT to be able to test the implementation using small test cases. - Added InputFile argument to the getRelocTargetVA function. The same symbol referenced by GOT relocation from different input file might be allocated in different GOT. So result of relocation depends on the file. - Added new ctor to the DynamicReloc class. This constructor records settings of dynamic relocation which used to adjust address of 64kb page lies inside a specific output section. With the patch LLD is able to link all LLVM+Clang+LLD applications and libraries for MIPS 32/64 targets. Differential revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D31528 llvm-svn: 334390
2018-06-11 15:24:31 +08:00
uint64_t mipsGotSize;
uint64_t zStackSize;
unsigned ltoPartitions;
unsigned ltoo;
unsigned optimize;
StringRef thinLTOJobs;
unsigned timeTraceGranularity;
int32_t splitStackAdjustSize;
// The following config options do not directly correspond to any
// particular command line options.
// True if we need to pass through relocations in input files to the
// output file. Usually false because we consume relocations.
bool copyRelocs;
// True if the target is ELF64. False if ELF32.
bool is64;
// True if the target is little-endian. False if big-endian.
bool isLE;
// endianness::little if isLE is true. endianness::big otherwise.
llvm::support::endianness endianness;
// True if the target is the little-endian MIPS64.
//
// The reason why we have this variable only for the MIPS is because
// we use this often. Some ELF headers for MIPS64EL are in a
// mixed-endian (which is horrible and I'd say that's a serious spec
// bug), and we need to know whether we are reading MIPS ELF files or
// not in various places.
//
// (Note that MIPS64EL is not a typo for MIPS64LE. This is the official
// name whatever that means. A fun hypothesis is that "EL" is short for
// little-endian written in the little-endian order, but I don't know
// if that's true.)
bool isMips64EL;
// True if we need to set the DF_STATIC_TLS flag to an output file, which
// works as a hint to the dynamic loader that the shared object contains code
// compiled with the initial-exec TLS model.
bool hasTlsIe = false;
2019-02-07 02:53:17 +08:00
// Holds set of ELF header flags for the target.
uint32_t eflags = 0;
// The ELF spec defines two types of relocation table entries, RELA and
// REL. RELA is a triplet of (offset, info, addend) while REL is a
// tuple of (offset, info). Addends for REL are implicit and read from
// the location where the relocations are applied. So, REL is more
// compact than RELA but requires a bit of more work to process.
//
// (From the linker writer's view, this distinction is not necessary.
// If the ELF had chosen whichever and sticked with it, it would have
// been easier to write code to process relocations, but it's too late
// to change the spec.)
//
// Each ABI defines its relocation type. IsRela is true if target
// uses RELA. As far as we know, all 64-bit ABIs are using RELA. A
// few 32-bit ABIs are using RELA too.
bool isRela;
// True if we are creating position-independent code.
bool isPic;
// 4 for ELF32, 8 for ELF64.
int wordsize;
};
2016-01-06 01:55:05 +08:00
// The only instance of Configuration struct.
extern std::unique_ptr<Configuration> config;
// The first two elements of versionDefinitions represent VER_NDX_LOCAL and
// VER_NDX_GLOBAL. This helper returns other elements.
static inline ArrayRef<VersionDefinition> namedVersionDefs() {
return llvm::makeArrayRef(config->versionDefinitions).slice(2);
}
static inline void errorOrWarn(const Twine &msg) {
if (!config->noinhibitExec)
error(msg);
else
warn(msg);
}
static inline void internalLinkerError(StringRef loc, const Twine &msg) {
errorOrWarn(loc + "internal linker error: " + msg + "\n" +
llvm::getBugReportMsg());
}
2016-02-28 08:25:54 +08:00
} // namespace elf
} // namespace lld
#endif