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<HTML>
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<TITLE>LAMMPS Users Manual</TITLE>
<META NAME="docnumber" CONTENT="29 Aug 2015 version">
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<CENTER><A HREF = "http://lammps.sandia.gov">LAMMPS WWW Site</A> - <A HREF = "Manual.html">LAMMPS Documentation</A> - <A HREF = "Section_commands.html#comm">LAMMPS Commands</A>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_intro.html">1. Introduction</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_start.html">2. Getting Started</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_commands.html">3. Commands</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_packages.html">4. Packages</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_accelerate.html">5. Accelerating LAMMPS performance</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_howto.html">6. How-to discussions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_example.html">7. Example problems</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_perf.html">8. Performance &amp; scalability</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_tools.html">9. Additional tools</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_modify.html">10. Modifying &amp; extending LAMMPS</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_python.html">11. Python interface to LAMMPS</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_errors.html">12. Errors</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_history.html">13. Future and history</a></li>
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<HR>
<H1></H1>
<CENTER><H3>LAMMPS Documentation
</H3></CENTER>
<CENTER><H4>29 Aug 2015 version
</H4></CENTER>
<H4>Version info:
</H4>
<P>The LAMMPS "version" is the date when it was released, such as 1 May
<div class="wy-nav-content">
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<div class="rst-footer-buttons" style="margin-bottom: 1em" role="navigation" aria-label="footer navigation">
<a href="Section_intro.html" class="btn btn-neutral float-right" title="1. Introduction" accesskey="n">Next <span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></span></a>
</div>
</div>
<div role="main" class="document" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Article">
<div itemprop="articleBody">
<H1></H1><div class="section" id="lammps-documentation">
<h1>LAMMPS Documentation<a class="headerlink" href="#lammps-documentation" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<div class="section" id="aug-2015-version">
<h2>10 Aug 2015 version<a class="headerlink" href="#aug-2015-version" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
</div>
<div class="section" id="version-info">
<h2>Version info:<a class="headerlink" href="#version-info" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>The LAMMPS &#8220;version&#8221; is the date when it was released, such as 1 May
2010. LAMMPS is updated continuously. Whenever we fix a bug or add a
feature, we release it immediately, and post a notice on <A HREF = "http://lammps.sandia.gov/bug.html">this page of
the WWW site</A>. Each dated copy of LAMMPS contains all the
feature, we release it immediately, and post a notice on <a class="reference external" href="http://lammps.sandia.gov/bug.html">this page of the WWW site</a>. Each dated copy of LAMMPS contains all the
features and bug-fixes up to and including that version date. The
version date is printed to the screen and logfile every time you run
LAMMPS. It is also in the file src/version.h and in the LAMMPS
directory name created when you unpack a tarball, and at the top of
the first page of the manual (this page).
</P>
<UL><LI>If you browse the HTML doc pages on the LAMMPS WWW site, they always
describe the most current version of LAMMPS.
<LI>If you browse the HTML doc pages included in your tarball, they
describe the version you have.
<LI>The <A HREF = "Manual.pdf">PDF file</A> on the WWW site or in the tarball is updated
about once per month. This is because it is large, and we don't want
it to be part of every patch.
<LI>There is also a <A HREF = "Developer.pdf">Developer.pdf</A> file in the doc
the first page of the manual (this page).</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>If you browse the HTML doc pages on the LAMMPS WWW site, they always
describe the most current version of LAMMPS.</li>
<li>If you browse the HTML doc pages included in your tarball, they
describe the version you have.</li>
<li>The <a class="reference external" href="Manual.pdf">PDF file</a> on the WWW site or in the tarball is updated
about once per month. This is because it is large, and we don&#8217;t want
it to be part of every patch.</li>
<li>There is also a <a class="reference external" href="Developer.pdf">Developer.pdf</a> file in the doc
directory, which describes the internal structure and algorithms of
LAMMPS.
</UL>
<P>LAMMPS stands for Large-scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel
Simulator.
</P>
<P>LAMMPS is a classical molecular dynamics simulation code designed to
LAMMPS.</li>
</ul>
<p>LAMMPS stands for Large-scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel
Simulator.</p>
<p>LAMMPS is a classical molecular dynamics simulation code designed to
run efficiently on parallel computers. It was developed at Sandia
National Laboratories, a US Department of Energy facility, with
funding from the DOE. It is an open-source code, distributed freely
under the terms of the GNU Public License (GPL).
</P>
<P>The primary developers of LAMMPS are <A HREF = "http://www.sandia.gov/~sjplimp">Steve Plimpton</A>, Aidan
under the terms of the GNU Public License (GPL).</p>
<p>The primary developers of LAMMPS are <a class="reference external" href="http://www.sandia.gov/~sjplimp">Steve Plimpton</a>, Aidan
Thompson, and Paul Crozier who can be contacted at
sjplimp,athomps,pscrozi at sandia.gov. The <A HREF = "http://lammps.sandia.gov">LAMMPS WWW Site</A> at
http://lammps.sandia.gov has more information about the code and its
uses.
</P>
<HR>
<P>The LAMMPS documentation is organized into the following sections. If
sjplimp,athomps,pscrozi at sandia.gov. The <a class="reference external" href="http://lammps.sandia.gov">LAMMPS WWW Site</a> at
<a class="reference external" href="http://lammps.sandia.gov">http://lammps.sandia.gov</a> has more information about the code and its
uses.</p>
<hr class="docutils" />
<p>The LAMMPS documentation is organized into the following sections. If
you find errors or omissions in this manual or have suggestions for
useful information to add, please send an email to the developers so
we can improve the LAMMPS documentation.
</P>
<P>Once you are familiar with LAMMPS, you may want to bookmark <A HREF = "Section_commands.html#comm">this
page</A> at Section_commands.html#comm since
it gives quick access to documentation for all LAMMPS commands.
</P>
<P><A HREF = "Manual.pdf">PDF file</A> of the entire manual, generated by
<A HREF = "http://freecode.com/projects/htmldoc">htmldoc</A>
</P>
<P><!-- RST
</P>
<P>.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 2
:numbered: // comment
</P>
<P> Section_intro
Section_start
Section_commands
Section_packages
Section_accelerate
Section_howto
Section_example
Section_perf
Section_tools
Section_modify
Section_python
Section_errors
Section_history
</P>
<P>Indices and tables
==================
</P>
<P>* :ref:`genindex` // comment
* :ref:`search` // comment
</P>
<P>END_RST -->
</P>
<OL><LI><!-- HTML_ONLY -->
<A HREF = "Section_intro.html">Introduction</A>
<UL> 1.1 <A HREF = "Section_intro.html#intro_1">What is LAMMPS</A>
<BR>
1.2 <A HREF = "Section_intro.html#intro_2">LAMMPS features</A>
<BR>
1.3 <A HREF = "Section_intro.html#intro_3">LAMMPS non-features</A>
<BR>
1.4 <A HREF = "Section_intro.html#intro_4">Open source distribution</A>
<BR>
1.5 <A HREF = "Section_intro.html#intro_5">Acknowledgments and citations</A>
<BR></UL>
<LI><A HREF = "Section_start.html">Getting started</A>
<UL> 2.1 <A HREF = "Section_start.html#start_1">What's in the LAMMPS distribution</A>
<BR>
2.2 <A HREF = "Section_start.html#start_2">Making LAMMPS</A>
<BR>
2.3 <A HREF = "Section_start.html#start_3">Making LAMMPS with optional packages</A>
<BR>
2.4 <A HREF = "Section_start.html#start_4">Building LAMMPS via the Make.py script</A>
<BR>
2.5 <A HREF = "Section_start.html#start_5">Building LAMMPS as a library</A>
<BR>
2.6 <A HREF = "Section_start.html#start_6">Running LAMMPS</A>
<BR>
2.7 <A HREF = "Section_start.html#start_7">Command-line options</A>
<BR>
2.8 <A HREF = "Section_start.html#start_8">Screen output</A>
<BR>
2.9 <A HREF = "Section_start.html#start_9">Tips for users of previous versions</A>
<BR></UL>
<LI><A HREF = "Section_commands.html">Commands</A>
<UL> 3.1 <A HREF = "Section_commands.html#cmd_1">LAMMPS input script</A>
<BR>
3.2 <A HREF = "Section_commands.html#cmd_2">Parsing rules</A>
<BR>
3.3 <A HREF = "Section_commands.html#cmd_3">Input script structure</A>
<BR>
3.4 <A HREF = "Section_commands.html#cmd_4">Commands listed by category</A>
<BR>
3.5 <A HREF = "Section_commands.html#cmd_5">Commands listed alphabetically</A>
<BR></UL>
<LI><A HREF = "Section_packages.html">Packages</A>
<UL> 4.1 <A HREF = "Section_packages.html#pkg_1">Standard packages</A>
<BR>
4.2 <A HREF = "Section_packages.html#pkg_2">User packages</A>
<BR></UL>
<LI><A HREF = "Section_accelerate.html">Accelerating LAMMPS performance</A>
<UL> 5.1 <A HREF = "Section_accelerate.html#acc_1">Measuring performance</A>
<BR>
5.2 <A HREF = "Section_accelerate.html#acc_2">Algorithms and code options to boost performace</A>
<BR>
5.3 <A HREF = "Section_accelerate.html#acc_3">Accelerator packages with optimized styles</A>
<BR>
<UL> 5.3.1 <A HREF = "accelerate_cuda.html">USER-CUDA package</A>
<BR>
5.3.2 <A HREF = "accelerate_gpu.html">GPU package</A>
<BR>
5.3.3 <A HREF = "accelerate_intel.html">USER-INTEL package</A>
<BR>
5.3.4 <A HREF = "accelerate_kokkos.html">KOKKOS package</A>
<BR>
5.3.5 <A HREF = "accelerate_omp.html">USER-OMP package</A>
<BR>
5.3.6 <A HREF = "accelerate_opt.html">OPT package</A>
<BR></UL>
5.4 <A HREF = "Section_accelerate.html#acc_4">Comparison of various accelerator packages</A>
<BR></UL>
<LI><A HREF = "Section_howto.html">How-to discussions</A>
<UL> 6.1 <A HREF = "Section_howto.html#howto_1">Restarting a simulation</A>
<BR>
6.2 <A HREF = "Section_howto.html#howto_2">2d simulations</A>
<BR>
6.3 <A HREF = "Section_howto.html#howto_3">CHARMM and AMBER force fields</A>
<BR>
6.4 <A HREF = "Section_howto.html#howto_4">Running multiple simulations from one input script</A>
<BR>
6.5 <A HREF = "Section_howto.html#howto_5">Multi-replica simulations</A>
<BR>
6.6 <A HREF = "Section_howto.html#howto_6">Granular models</A>
<BR>
6.7 <A HREF = "Section_howto.html#howto_7">TIP3P water model</A>
<BR>
6.8 <A HREF = "Section_howto.html#howto_8">TIP4P water model</A>
<BR>
6.9 <A HREF = "Section_howto.html#howto_9">SPC water model</A>
<BR>
6.10 <A HREF = "Section_howto.html#howto_10">Coupling LAMMPS to other codes</A>
<BR>
6.11 <A HREF = "Section_howto.html#howto_11">Visualizing LAMMPS snapshots</A>
<BR>
6.12 <A HREF = "Section_howto.html#howto_12">Triclinic (non-orthogonal) simulation boxes</A>
<BR>
6.13 <A HREF = "Section_howto.html#howto_13">NEMD simulations</A>
<BR>
6.14 <A HREF = "Section_howto.html#howto_14">Finite-size spherical and aspherical particles</A>
<BR>
6.15 <A HREF = "Section_howto.html#howto_15">Output from LAMMPS (thermo, dumps, computes, fixes, variables)</A>
<BR>
6.16 <A HREF = "Section_howto.html#howto_16">Thermostatting, barostatting, and compute temperature</A>
<BR>
6.17 <A HREF = "Section_howto.html#howto_17">Walls</A>
<BR>
6.18 <A HREF = "Section_howto.html#howto_18">Elastic constants</A>
<BR>
6.19 <A HREF = "Section_howto.html#howto_19">Library interface to LAMMPS</A>
<BR>
6.20 <A HREF = "Section_howto.html#howto_20">Calculating thermal conductivity</A>
<BR>
6.21 <A HREF = "Section_howto.html#howto_21">Calculating viscosity</A>
<BR>
6.22 <A HREF = "Section_howto.html#howto_22">Calculating a diffusion coefficient</A>
<BR>
6.23 <A HREF = "Section_howto.html#howto_23">Using chunks to calculate system properties</A>
<BR>
6.24 <A HREF = "Section_howto.html#howto_24">Setting parameters for pppm/disp</A>
<BR>
6.25 <A HREF = "Section_howto.html#howto_25">Polarizable models</A>
<BR>
6.26 <A HREF = "Section_howto.html#howto_26">Adiabatic core/shell model</A>
<BR>
6.27 <A HREF = "Section_howto.html#howto_27">Drude induced dipoles</A>
<BR></UL>
<LI><A HREF = "Section_example.html">Example problems</A>
<LI><A HREF = "Section_perf.html">Performance & scalability</A>
<LI><A HREF = "Section_tools.html">Additional tools</A>
<LI><A HREF = "Section_modify.html">Modifying & extending LAMMPS</A>
<UL> 10.1 <A HREF = "Section_modify.html#mod_1">Atom styles</A>
<BR>
10.2 <A HREF = "Section_modify.html#mod_2">Bond, angle, dihedral, improper potentials</A>
<BR>
10.3 <A HREF = "Section_modify.html#mod_3">Compute styles</A>
<BR>
10.4 <A HREF = "Section_modify.html#mod_4">Dump styles</A>
<BR>
10.5 <A HREF = "Section_modify.html#mod_5">Dump custom output options</A>
<BR>
10.6 <A HREF = "Section_modify.html#mod_6">Fix styles</A>
<BR>
10.7 <A HREF = "Section_modify.html#mod_7">Input script commands</A>
<BR>
10.8 <A HREF = "Section_modify.html#mod_8">Kspace computations</A>
<BR>
10.9 <A HREF = "Section_modify.html#mod_9">Minimization styles</A>
<BR>
10.10 <A HREF = "Section_modify.html#mod_10">Pairwise potentials</A>
<BR>
10.11 <A HREF = "Section_modify.html#mod_11">Region styles</A>
<BR>
10.12 <A HREF = "Section_modify.html#mod_12">Body styles</A>
<BR>
10.13 <A HREF = "Section_modify.html#mod_13">Thermodynamic output options</A>
<BR>
10.14 <A HREF = "Section_modify.html#mod_14">Variable options</A>
<BR>
10.15 <A HREF = "Section_modify.html#mod_15">Submitting new features for inclusion in LAMMPS</A>
<BR></UL>
<LI><A HREF = "Section_python.html">Python interface</A>
<UL> 11.1 <A HREF = "Section_python.html#py_1">Overview of running LAMMPS from Python</A>
<BR>
11.2 <A HREF = "Section_python.html#py_2">Overview of using Python from a LAMMPS script</A>
<BR>
11.3 <A HREF = "Section_python.html#py_3">Building LAMMPS as a shared library</A>
<BR>
11.4 <A HREF = "Section_python.html#py_4">Installing the Python wrapper into Python</A>
<BR>
11.5 <A HREF = "Section_python.html#py_5">Extending Python with MPI to run in parallel</A>
<BR>
11.6 <A HREF = "Section_python.html#py_6">Testing the Python-LAMMPS interface</A>
<BR>
11.7 <A HREF = "py_7">Using LAMMPS from Python</A>
<BR>
11.8 <A HREF = "py_8">Example Python scripts that use LAMMPS</A>
<BR></UL>
<LI><A HREF = "Section_errors.html">Errors</A>
<UL> 12.1 <A HREF = "Section_errors.html#err_1">Common problems</A>
<BR>
12.2 <A HREF = "Section_errors.html#err_2">Reporting bugs</A>
<BR>
12.3 <A HREF = "Section_errors.html#err_3">Error & warning messages</A>
<BR></UL>
<LI><A HREF = "Section_history.html">Future and history</A>
<UL> 13.1 <A HREF = "Section_history.html#hist_1">Coming attractions</A>
<BR>
13.2 <A HREF = "Section_history.html#hist_2">Past versions</A>
<BR></UL>
</OL>
<!-- END_HTML_ONLY -->
</BODY>
</HTML>
we can improve the LAMMPS documentation.</p>
<p>Once you are familiar with LAMMPS, you may want to bookmark <a class="reference internal" href="Section_commands.html#comm"><span>this page</span></a> at Section_commands.html#comm since
it gives quick access to documentation for all LAMMPS commands.</p>
<p><a class="reference external" href="Manual.pdf">PDF file</a> of the entire manual, generated by
<a class="reference external" href="http://freecode.com/projects/htmldoc">htmldoc</a></p>
<div class="toctree-wrapper compound">
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_intro.html">1. Introduction</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_intro.html#what-is-lammps">1.1. What is LAMMPS</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_intro.html#lammps-features">1.2. LAMMPS features</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_intro.html#lammps-non-features">1.3. LAMMPS non-features</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_intro.html#open-source-distribution">1.4. Open source distribution</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_intro.html#acknowledgments-and-citations">1.5. Acknowledgments and citations</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_start.html">2. Getting Started</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_start.html#what-s-in-the-lammps-distribution">2.1. What&#8217;s in the LAMMPS distribution</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_start.html#making-lammps">2.2. Making LAMMPS</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_start.html#making-lammps-with-optional-packages">2.3. Making LAMMPS with optional packages</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_start.html#building-lammps-via-the-make-py-script">2.4. Building LAMMPS via the Make.py script</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_start.html#building-lammps-as-a-library">2.5. Building LAMMPS as a library</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_start.html#running-lammps">2.6. Running LAMMPS</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_start.html#command-line-options">2.7. Command-line options</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_start.html#lammps-screen-output">2.8. LAMMPS screen output</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_start.html#tips-for-users-of-previous-lammps-versions">2.9. Tips for users of previous LAMMPS versions</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_commands.html">3. Commands</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_commands.html#lammps-input-script">3.1. LAMMPS input script</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_commands.html#parsing-rules">3.2. Parsing rules</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_commands.html#input-script-structure">3.3. Input script structure</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_commands.html#commands-listed-by-category">3.4. Commands listed by category</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_commands.html#individual-commands">3.5. Individual commands</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_commands.html#fix-styles">3.6. Fix styles</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_commands.html#compute-styles">3.7. Compute styles</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_commands.html#pair-style-potentials">3.8. Pair_style potentials</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_commands.html#bond-style-potentials">3.9. Bond_style potentials</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_commands.html#angle-style-potentials">3.10. Angle_style potentials</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_commands.html#dihedral-style-potentials">3.11. Dihedral_style potentials</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_commands.html#improper-style-potentials">3.12. Improper_style potentials</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_commands.html#kspace-solvers">3.13. Kspace solvers</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_packages.html">4. Packages</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_packages.html#standard-packages">4.1. Standard packages</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_packages.html#user-packages">4.2. User packages</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_packages.html#user-atc-package">4.3. USER-ATC package</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_packages.html#user-awpmd-package">4.4. USER-AWPMD package</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_packages.html#user-cg-cmm-package">4.5. USER-CG-CMM package</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_packages.html#user-colvars-package">4.6. USER-COLVARS package</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_packages.html#user-cuda-package">4.7. USER-CUDA package</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_packages.html#user-diffraction-package">4.8. USER-DIFFRACTION package</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_packages.html#user-drude-package">4.9. USER-DRUDE package</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_packages.html#user-eff-package">4.10. USER-EFF package</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_packages.html#user-fep-package">4.11. USER-FEP package</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_packages.html#user-h5md-package">4.12. USER-H5MD package</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_packages.html#user-intel-package">4.13. USER-INTEL package</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_packages.html#user-lb-package">4.14. USER-LB package</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_packages.html#user-misc-package">4.15. USER-MISC package</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_packages.html#user-molfile-package">4.16. USER-MOLFILE package</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_packages.html#user-omp-package">4.17. USER-OMP package</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_packages.html#user-phonon-package">4.18. USER-PHONON package</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_packages.html#user-qmmm-package">4.19. USER-QMMM package</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_packages.html#user-qtb-package">4.20. USER-QTB package</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_packages.html#user-reaxc-package">4.21. USER-REAXC package</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_packages.html#user-smd-package">4.22. USER-SMD package</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_packages.html#user-sph-package">4.23. USER-SPH package</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_accelerate.html">5. Accelerating LAMMPS performance</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_accelerate.html#measuring-performance">5.1. Measuring performance</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_accelerate.html#general-strategies">5.2. General strategies</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_accelerate.html#packages-with-optimized-styles">5.3. Packages with optimized styles</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_accelerate.html#comparison-of-various-accelerator-packages">5.4. Comparison of various accelerator packages</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_howto.html">6. How-to discussions</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_howto.html#restarting-a-simulation">6.1. Restarting a simulation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_howto.html#d-simulations">6.2. 2d simulations</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_howto.html#charmm-amber-and-dreiding-force-fields">6.3. CHARMM, AMBER, and DREIDING force fields</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_howto.html#running-multiple-simulations-from-one-input-script">6.4. Running multiple simulations from one input script</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_howto.html#multi-replica-simulations">6.5. Multi-replica simulations</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_howto.html#granular-models">6.6. Granular models</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_howto.html#tip3p-water-model">6.7. TIP3P water model</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_howto.html#tip4p-water-model">6.8. TIP4P water model</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_howto.html#spc-water-model">6.9. SPC water model</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_howto.html#coupling-lammps-to-other-codes">6.10. Coupling LAMMPS to other codes</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_howto.html#visualizing-lammps-snapshots">6.11. Visualizing LAMMPS snapshots</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_howto.html#triclinic-non-orthogonal-simulation-boxes">6.12. Triclinic (non-orthogonal) simulation boxes</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_howto.html#nemd-simulations">6.13. NEMD simulations</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_howto.html#finite-size-spherical-and-aspherical-particles">6.14. Finite-size spherical and aspherical particles</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_howto.html#output-from-lammps-thermo-dumps-computes-fixes-variables">6.15. Output from LAMMPS (thermo, dumps, computes, fixes, variables)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_howto.html#thermostatting-barostatting-and-computing-temperature">6.16. Thermostatting, barostatting, and computing temperature</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_howto.html#walls">6.17. Walls</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_howto.html#elastic-constants">6.18. Elastic constants</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_howto.html#library-interface-to-lammps">6.19. Library interface to LAMMPS</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_howto.html#calculating-thermal-conductivity">6.20. Calculating thermal conductivity</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_howto.html#calculating-viscosity">6.21. Calculating viscosity</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_howto.html#calculating-a-diffusion-coefficient">6.22. Calculating a diffusion coefficient</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_howto.html#using-chunks-to-calculate-system-properties">6.23. Using chunks to calculate system properties</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_howto.html#setting-parameters-for-the-kspace-style-pppm-disp-command">6.24. Setting parameters for the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kspace_style</span> <span class="pre">pppm/disp</span></code> command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_howto.html#polarizable-models">6.25. Polarizable models</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_howto.html#adiabatic-core-shell-model">6.26. Adiabatic core/shell model</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_howto.html#drude-induced-dipoles">6.27. Drude induced dipoles</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_example.html">7. Example problems</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_perf.html">8. Performance &amp; scalability</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_tools.html">9. Additional tools</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_tools.html#amber2lmp-tool">9.1. amber2lmp tool</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_tools.html#binary2txt-tool">9.2. binary2txt tool</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_tools.html#ch2lmp-tool">9.3. ch2lmp tool</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_tools.html#chain-tool">9.4. chain tool</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_tools.html#colvars-tools">9.5. colvars tools</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_tools.html#createatoms-tool">9.6. createatoms tool</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_tools.html#data2xmovie-tool">9.7. data2xmovie tool</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_tools.html#eam-database-tool">9.8. eam database tool</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_tools.html#eam-generate-tool">9.9. eam generate tool</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_tools.html#eff-tool">9.10. eff tool</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_tools.html#emacs-tool">9.11. emacs tool</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_tools.html#fep-tool">9.12. fep tool</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_tools.html#i-pi-tool">9.13. i-pi tool</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_tools.html#ipp-tool">9.14. ipp tool</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_tools.html#kate-tool">9.15. kate tool</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_tools.html#lmp2arc-tool">9.16. lmp2arc tool</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_tools.html#lmp2cfg-tool">9.17. lmp2cfg tool</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_tools.html#lmp2vmd-tool">9.18. lmp2vmd tool</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_tools.html#matlab-tool">9.19. matlab tool</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_tools.html#micelle2d-tool">9.20. micelle2d tool</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_tools.html#moltemplate-tool">9.21. moltemplate tool</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_tools.html#msi2lmp-tool">9.22. msi2lmp tool</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_tools.html#phonon-tool">9.23. phonon tool</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_tools.html#polymer-bonding-tool">9.24. polymer bonding tool</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_tools.html#pymol-asphere-tool">9.25. pymol_asphere tool</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_tools.html#python-tool">9.26. python tool</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_tools.html#reax-tool">9.27. reax tool</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_tools.html#restart2data-tool">9.28. restart2data tool</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_tools.html#vim-tool">9.29. vim tool</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_tools.html#xmgrace-tool">9.30. xmgrace tool</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_tools.html#xmovie-tool">9.31. xmovie tool</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_modify.html">10. Modifying &amp; extending LAMMPS</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_modify.html#atom-styles">10.1. Atom styles</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_modify.html#bond-angle-dihedral-improper-potentials">10.2. Bond, angle, dihedral, improper potentials</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_modify.html#compute-styles">10.3. Compute styles</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_modify.html#dump-styles">10.4. Dump styles</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_modify.html#dump-custom-output-options">10.5. Dump custom output options</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_modify.html#fix-styles">10.6. Fix styles</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_modify.html#input-script-commands">10.7. Input script commands</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_modify.html#kspace-computations">10.8. Kspace computations</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_modify.html#minimization-styles">10.9. Minimization styles</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_modify.html#pairwise-potentials">10.10. Pairwise potentials</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_modify.html#region-styles">10.11. Region styles</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_modify.html#body-styles">10.12. Body styles</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_modify.html#thermodynamic-output-options">10.13. Thermodynamic output options</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_modify.html#variable-options">10.14. Variable options</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_modify.html#submitting-new-features-for-inclusion-in-lammps">10.15. Submitting new features for inclusion in LAMMPS</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_python.html">11. Python interface to LAMMPS</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_python.html#overview-of-running-lammps-from-python">11.1. Overview of running LAMMPS from Python</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_python.html#overview-of-using-python-from-a-lammps-script">11.2. Overview of using Python from a LAMMPS script</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_python.html#building-lammps-as-a-shared-library">11.3. Building LAMMPS as a shared library</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_python.html#installing-the-python-wrapper-into-python">11.4. Installing the Python wrapper into Python</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_python.html#extending-python-with-mpi-to-run-in-parallel">11.5. Extending Python with MPI to run in parallel</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_python.html#testing-the-python-lammps-interface">11.6. Testing the Python-LAMMPS interface</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_python.html#using-lammps-from-python">11.7. Using LAMMPS from Python</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_python.html#example-python-scripts-that-use-lammps">11.8. Example Python scripts that use LAMMPS</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_errors.html">12. Errors</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_errors.html#common-problems">12.1. Common problems</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_errors.html#reporting-bugs">12.2. Reporting bugs</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_errors.html#error-warning-messages">12.3. Error &amp; warning messages</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_errors.html#error">12.4. Errors:</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_errors.html#warnings">12.5. Warnings:</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_history.html">13. Future and history</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_history.html#coming-attractions">13.1. Coming attractions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Section_history.html#past-versions">13.2. Past versions</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
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<TITLE>LAMMPS Users Manual</TITLE>
<META NAME="docnumber" CONTENT="29 Aug 2015 version">
<META NAME="author" CONTENT="http://lammps.sandia.gov - Sandia National Laboratories">
<META NAME="copyright" CONTENT="Copyright (2003) Sandia Corporation. This software and manual is distributed under the GNU General Public License.">
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<CENTER><A HREF = "http://lammps.sandia.gov">LAMMPS WWW Site</A> - <A HREF = "Manual.html">LAMMPS Documentation</A> - <A HREF = "Section_commands.html#comm">LAMMPS Commands</A>
</CENTER>
<HR>
<H1></H1>
<P><CENTER><H3>LAMMPS Documentation
</H3></CENTER>
<CENTER><H4>29 Aug 2015 version
</H4></CENTER>
<H4>Version info:
</H4>
<P>The LAMMPS "version" is the date when it was released, such as 1 May
2010. LAMMPS is updated continuously. Whenever we fix a bug or add a
feature, we release it immediately, and post a notice on <A HREF = "http://lammps.sandia.gov/bug.html">this page of
the WWW site</A>. Each dated copy of LAMMPS contains all the
features and bug-fixes up to and including that version date. The
version date is printed to the screen and logfile every time you run
LAMMPS. It is also in the file src/version.h and in the LAMMPS
directory name created when you unpack a tarball, and at the top of
the first page of the manual (this page).
</P>
<UL><LI>If you browse the HTML doc pages on the LAMMPS WWW site, they always
describe the most current version of LAMMPS.
</P>
<P><LI>If you browse the HTML doc pages included in your tarball, they
describe the version you have.
</P>
<P><LI>The <A HREF = "Manual.pdf">PDF file</A> on the WWW site or in the tarball is updated
about once per month. This is because it is large, and we don't want
it to be part of every patch.
</P>
<LI>There is also a <A HREF = "Developer.pdf">Developer.pdf</A> file in the doc
directory, which describes the internal structure and algorithms of
LAMMPS.
</UL>
<P>LAMMPS stands for Large-scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel
Simulator.
</P>
<P>LAMMPS is a classical molecular dynamics simulation code designed to
run efficiently on parallel computers. It was developed at Sandia
National Laboratories, a US Department of Energy facility, with
funding from the DOE. It is an open-source code, distributed freely
under the terms of the GNU Public License (GPL).
</P>
<P>The primary developers of LAMMPS are <A HREF = "http://www.sandia.gov/~sjplimp">Steve Plimpton</A>, Aidan
Thompson, and Paul Crozier who can be contacted at
sjplimp,athomps,pscrozi at sandia.gov. The <A HREF = "http://lammps.sandia.gov">LAMMPS WWW Site</A> at
http://lammps.sandia.gov has more information about the code and its
uses.
</P>
<HR>
<P>The LAMMPS documentation is organized into the following sections. If
you find errors or omissions in this manual or have suggestions for
useful information to add, please send an email to the developers so
we can improve the LAMMPS documentation.
</P>
<P>Once you are familiar with LAMMPS, you may want to bookmark <A HREF = "Section_commands.html#comm">this
page</A> at Section_commands.html#comm since
it gives quick access to documentation for all LAMMPS commands.
</P>
<P><A HREF = "Manual.pdf">PDF file</A> of the entire manual, generated by
<A HREF = "http://freecode.com/projects/htmldoc">htmldoc</A>
</P>
<P><!-- RST
</P>
<P>.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 2
:numbered: // comment
</P>
<P> Section_intro
Section_start
Section_commands
Section_packages
Section_accelerate
Section_howto
Section_example
Section_perf
Section_tools
Section_modify
Section_python
Section_errors
Section_history
</P>
<P>Indices and tables
==================
</P>
<P>* :ref:`genindex` // comment
* :ref:`search` // comment
</P>
<P>END_RST -->
</P>
<OL><LI><!-- HTML_ONLY -->
<A HREF = "Section_intro.html">Introduction</A>
<UL> 1.1 <A HREF = "Section_intro.html#intro_1">What is LAMMPS</A>
<BR>
1.2 <A HREF = "Section_intro.html#intro_2">LAMMPS features</A>
<BR>
1.3 <A HREF = "Section_intro.html#intro_3">LAMMPS non-features</A>
<BR>
1.4 <A HREF = "Section_intro.html#intro_4">Open source distribution</A>
<BR>
1.5 <A HREF = "Section_intro.html#intro_5">Acknowledgments and citations</A>
<BR></UL>
<LI><A HREF = "Section_start.html">Getting started</A>
<UL> 2.1 <A HREF = "Section_start.html#start_1">What's in the LAMMPS distribution</A>
<BR>
2.2 <A HREF = "Section_start.html#start_2">Making LAMMPS</A>
<BR>
2.3 <A HREF = "Section_start.html#start_3">Making LAMMPS with optional packages</A>
<BR>
2.4 <A HREF = "Section_start.html#start_4">Building LAMMPS via the Make.py script</A>
<BR>
2.5 <A HREF = "Section_start.html#start_5">Building LAMMPS as a library</A>
<BR>
2.6 <A HREF = "Section_start.html#start_6">Running LAMMPS</A>
<BR>
2.7 <A HREF = "Section_start.html#start_7">Command-line options</A>
<BR>
2.8 <A HREF = "Section_start.html#start_8">Screen output</A>
<BR>
2.9 <A HREF = "Section_start.html#start_9">Tips for users of previous versions</A>
<BR></UL>
<LI><A HREF = "Section_commands.html">Commands</A>
<UL> 3.1 <A HREF = "Section_commands.html#cmd_1">LAMMPS input script</A>
<BR>
3.2 <A HREF = "Section_commands.html#cmd_2">Parsing rules</A>
<BR>
3.3 <A HREF = "Section_commands.html#cmd_3">Input script structure</A>
<BR>
3.4 <A HREF = "Section_commands.html#cmd_4">Commands listed by category</A>
<BR>
3.5 <A HREF = "Section_commands.html#cmd_5">Commands listed alphabetically</A>
<BR></UL>
<LI><A HREF = "Section_packages.html">Packages</A>
<UL> 4.1 <A HREF = "Section_packages.html#pkg_1">Standard packages</A>
<BR>
4.2 <A HREF = "Section_packages.html#pkg_2">User packages</A>
<BR></UL>
<LI><A HREF = "Section_accelerate.html">Accelerating LAMMPS performance</A>
<UL> 5.1 <A HREF = "Section_accelerate.html#acc_1">Measuring performance</A>
<BR>
5.2 <A HREF = "Section_accelerate.html#acc_2">Algorithms and code options to boost performace</A>
<BR>
5.3 <A HREF = "Section_accelerate.html#acc_3">Accelerator packages with optimized styles</A>
<BR>
<UL> 5.3.1 <A HREF = "accelerate_cuda.html">USER-CUDA package</A>
<BR>
5.3.2 <A HREF = "accelerate_gpu.html">GPU package</A>
<BR>
5.3.3 <A HREF = "accelerate_intel.html">USER-INTEL package</A>
<BR>
5.3.4 <A HREF = "accelerate_kokkos.html">KOKKOS package</A>
<BR>
5.3.5 <A HREF = "accelerate_omp.html">USER-OMP package</A>
<BR>
5.3.6 <A HREF = "accelerate_opt.html">OPT package</A>
<BR></UL>
5.4 <A HREF = "Section_accelerate.html#acc_4">Comparison of various accelerator packages</A>
<BR></UL>
<LI><A HREF = "Section_howto.html">How-to discussions</A>
<UL> 6.1 <A HREF = "Section_howto.html#howto_1">Restarting a simulation</A>
<BR>
6.2 <A HREF = "Section_howto.html#howto_2">2d simulations</A>
<BR>
6.3 <A HREF = "Section_howto.html#howto_3">CHARMM and AMBER force fields</A>
<BR>
6.4 <A HREF = "Section_howto.html#howto_4">Running multiple simulations from one input script</A>
<BR>
6.5 <A HREF = "Section_howto.html#howto_5">Multi-replica simulations</A>
<BR>
6.6 <A HREF = "Section_howto.html#howto_6">Granular models</A>
<BR>
6.7 <A HREF = "Section_howto.html#howto_7">TIP3P water model</A>
<BR>
6.8 <A HREF = "Section_howto.html#howto_8">TIP4P water model</A>
<BR>
6.9 <A HREF = "Section_howto.html#howto_9">SPC water model</A>
<BR>
6.10 <A HREF = "Section_howto.html#howto_10">Coupling LAMMPS to other codes</A>
<BR>
6.11 <A HREF = "Section_howto.html#howto_11">Visualizing LAMMPS snapshots</A>
<BR>
6.12 <A HREF = "Section_howto.html#howto_12">Triclinic (non-orthogonal) simulation boxes</A>
<BR>
6.13 <A HREF = "Section_howto.html#howto_13">NEMD simulations</A>
<BR>
6.14 <A HREF = "Section_howto.html#howto_14">Finite-size spherical and aspherical particles</A>
<BR>
6.15 <A HREF = "Section_howto.html#howto_15">Output from LAMMPS (thermo, dumps, computes, fixes, variables)</A>
<BR>
6.16 <A HREF = "Section_howto.html#howto_16">Thermostatting, barostatting, and compute temperature</A>
<BR>
6.17 <A HREF = "Section_howto.html#howto_17">Walls</A>
<BR>
6.18 <A HREF = "Section_howto.html#howto_18">Elastic constants</A>
<BR>
6.19 <A HREF = "Section_howto.html#howto_19">Library interface to LAMMPS</A>
<BR>
6.20 <A HREF = "Section_howto.html#howto_20">Calculating thermal conductivity</A>
<BR>
6.21 <A HREF = "Section_howto.html#howto_21">Calculating viscosity</A>
<BR>
6.22 <A HREF = "Section_howto.html#howto_22">Calculating a diffusion coefficient</A>
<BR>
6.23 <A HREF = "Section_howto.html#howto_23">Using chunks to calculate system properties</A>
<BR>
6.24 <A HREF = "Section_howto.html#howto_24">Setting parameters for pppm/disp</A>
<BR>
6.25 <A HREF = "Section_howto.html#howto_25">Polarizable models</A>
<BR>
6.26 <A HREF = "Section_howto.html#howto_26">Adiabatic core/shell model</A>
<BR>
6.27 <A HREF = "Section_howto.html#howto_27">Drude induced dipoles</A>
<BR></UL>
<LI><A HREF = "Section_example.html">Example problems</A>
<LI><A HREF = "Section_perf.html">Performance & scalability</A>
<LI><A HREF = "Section_tools.html">Additional tools</A>
<LI><A HREF = "Section_modify.html">Modifying & extending LAMMPS</A>
<UL> 10.1 <A HREF = "Section_modify.html#mod_1">Atom styles</A>
<BR>
10.2 <A HREF = "Section_modify.html#mod_2">Bond, angle, dihedral, improper potentials</A>
<BR>
10.3 <A HREF = "Section_modify.html#mod_3">Compute styles</A>
<BR>
10.4 <A HREF = "Section_modify.html#mod_4">Dump styles</A>
<BR>
10.5 <A HREF = "Section_modify.html#mod_5">Dump custom output options</A>
<BR>
10.6 <A HREF = "Section_modify.html#mod_6">Fix styles</A>
<BR>
10.7 <A HREF = "Section_modify.html#mod_7">Input script commands</A>
<BR>
10.8 <A HREF = "Section_modify.html#mod_8">Kspace computations</A>
<BR>
10.9 <A HREF = "Section_modify.html#mod_9">Minimization styles</A>
<BR>
10.10 <A HREF = "Section_modify.html#mod_10">Pairwise potentials</A>
<BR>
10.11 <A HREF = "Section_modify.html#mod_11">Region styles</A>
<BR>
10.12 <A HREF = "Section_modify.html#mod_12">Body styles</A>
<BR>
10.13 <A HREF = "Section_modify.html#mod_13">Thermodynamic output options</A>
<BR>
10.14 <A HREF = "Section_modify.html#mod_14">Variable options</A>
<BR>
10.15 <A HREF = "Section_modify.html#mod_15">Submitting new features for inclusion in LAMMPS</A>
<BR></UL>
<LI><A HREF = "Section_python.html">Python interface</A>
<UL> 11.1 <A HREF = "Section_python.html#py_1">Overview of running LAMMPS from Python</A>
<BR>
11.2 <A HREF = "Section_python.html#py_2">Overview of using Python from a LAMMPS script</A>
<BR>
11.3 <A HREF = "Section_python.html#py_3">Building LAMMPS as a shared library</A>
<BR>
11.4 <A HREF = "Section_python.html#py_4">Installing the Python wrapper into Python</A>
<BR>
11.5 <A HREF = "Section_python.html#py_5">Extending Python with MPI to run in parallel</A>
<BR>
11.6 <A HREF = "Section_python.html#py_6">Testing the Python-LAMMPS interface</A>
<BR>
11.7 <A HREF = "py_7">Using LAMMPS from Python</A>
<BR>
11.8 <A HREF = "py_8">Example Python scripts that use LAMMPS</A>
<BR></UL>
<LI><A HREF = "Section_errors.html">Errors</A>
<UL> 12.1 <A HREF = "Section_errors.html#err_1">Common problems</A>
<BR>
12.2 <A HREF = "Section_errors.html#err_2">Reporting bugs</A>
<BR>
12.3 <A HREF = "Section_errors.html#err_3">Error & warning messages</A>
<BR></UL>
<LI><A HREF = "Section_history.html">Future and history</A>
<UL> 13.1 <A HREF = "Section_history.html#hist_1">Coming attractions</A>
<BR>
13.2 <A HREF = "Section_history.html#hist_2">Past versions</A>
<BR></UL>
</OL>
<!-- END_HTML_ONLY -->
</BODY>
</HTML>
</HTML>

10
doc/Manual.txt
View File

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
<!-- HTML_ONLY -->
<HEAD>
<TITLE>LAMMPS Users Manual</TITLE>
<META NAME="docnumber" CONTENT="29 Aug 2015 version">
<META NAME="docnumber" CONTENT="10 Aug 2015 version">
<META NAME="author" CONTENT="http://lammps.sandia.gov - Sandia National Laboratories">
<META NAME="copyright" CONTENT="Copyright (2003) Sandia Corporation. This software and manual is distributed under the GNU General Public License.">
</HEAD>
@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
<H1></H1>
LAMMPS Documentation :c,h3
29 Aug 2015 version :c,h4
10 Aug 2015 version :c,h4
Version info: :h4
@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ it gives quick access to documentation for all LAMMPS commands.
.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 2
:numbered: // comment
:numbered:
Section_intro
Section_start
@ -105,8 +105,8 @@ it gives quick access to documentation for all LAMMPS commands.
Indices and tables
==================
* :ref:`genindex` // comment
* :ref:`search` // comment
* :ref:`genindex`
* :ref:`search`
END_RST -->

4
doc/Section_start.html
View File

@ -1799,9 +1799,9 @@ the amount of load imbalance in this segment of the calculation. Ideally
the difference between minimum, maximum and average is small and thus
the variation from the average close to zero. The final column shows
the percentage of the total loop time is spent in this section.</p>
<p>When using the <code class="xref doc docutils literal"><span class="pre">timers</span> <span class="pre">full</span></code> setting, an additional column
<p>When using the <a class="reference internal" href="timer.html"><em>timer full</em></a> setting, an additional column
is present that also prints the CPU utilization in percent. In
addition, when using <em>timers full</em> and the <a class="reference internal" href="package.html"><em>package omp</em></a>
addition, when using <em>timer full</em> and the <a class="reference internal" href="package.html"><em>package omp</em></a>
command are active, a similar timing summary of time spent in threaded
regions to monitor thread utilization and load balance is provided. A
new entry is the <em>Reduce</em> section, which lists the time spend in

4
doc/Section_start.txt
View File

@ -1804,9 +1804,9 @@ the difference between minimum, maximum and average is small and thus
the variation from the average close to zero. The final column shows
the percentage of the total loop time is spent in this section.
When using the "timers full"_timers.html setting, an additional column
When using the "timer full"_timer.html setting, an additional column
is present that also prints the CPU utilization in percent. In
addition, when using {timers full} and the "package omp"_package.html
addition, when using {timer full} and the "package omp"_package.html
command are active, a similar timing summary of time spent in threaded
regions to monitor thread utilization and load balance is provided. A
new entry is the {Reduce} section, which lists the time spend in

40
doc/comm_modify.html
View File

@ -133,11 +133,14 @@
</div>
<ul class="simple">
<li>zero or more keyword/value pairs may be appended</li>
<li>keyword = <em>mode</em> or <em>cutoff</em> or <em>group</em> or <em>vel</em></li>
<li>keyword = <em>mode</em> or <em>cutoff</em> or <em>cutoff/multi</em> or <em>group</em> or <em>vel</em></li>
</ul>
<pre class="literal-block">
<em>mode</em> value = <em>single</em> or <em>multi</em> = communicate atoms within a single or multiple distances
<em>cutoff</em> value = Rcut (distance units) = communicate atoms from this far away
<em>cutoff/multi</em> type value
type = atom type or type range (supports asterisk notation)
value = Rcut (distance units) = communicate atoms for the selected types from this far away
<em>group</em> value = group-ID = only communicate atoms in the group
<em>vel</em> value = <em>yes</em> or <em>no</em> = do or do not communicate velocity info with ghost atoms
</pre>
@ -146,8 +149,10 @@
<h2>Examples<a class="headerlink" href="#examples" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>comm_modify mode multi
comm_modify mode multi group solvent
comm_modift mode multi cutoff/multi 1 10.0 cutoff/multi 2*4 15.0
comm_modify vel yes
comm_modify cutoff 5.0 vel yes
comm_modify mode single cutoff 5.0 vel yes
comm_modify cutoff/multi * 0.0
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
@ -170,8 +175,8 @@ command after it.</p>
distances are used to determine which atoms to communicate.</p>
<p>The default mode is <em>single</em> which means each processor acquires
information for ghost atoms that are within a single distance from its
sub-domain. The distance is the maximum of the neighbor cutoff for
all atom type pairs.</p>
sub-domain. The distance is by default the maximum of the neighbor
cutoff across all atom type pairs.</p>
<p>For many systems this is an efficient algorithm, but for systems with
widely varying cutoffs for different type pairs, the <em>multi</em> mode can
be faster. In this case, each atom type is assigned its own distance
@ -179,14 +184,21 @@ cutoff for communication purposes, and fewer atoms will be
communicated. See the <a class="reference internal" href="neighbor.html"><em>neighbor multi</em></a> command for a
neighbor list construction option that may also be beneficial for
simulations of this kind.</p>
<p>The <em>cutoff</em> keyword allows you to set a ghost cutoff distance, which
is the distance from the borders of a processor&#8217;s sub-domain at which
ghost atoms are acquired from other processors. By default the ghost
cutoff = neighbor cutoff = pairwise force cutoff + neighbor skin. See
the <a class="reference internal" href="neighbor.html"><em>neighbor</em></a> command for more information about the
skin distance. If the specified Rcut is greater than the neighbor
cutoff, then extra ghost atoms will be acquired. If it is smaller,
the ghost cutoff is set to the neighbor cutoff.</p>
<p>The <em>cutoff</em> keyword allows you to extend the ghost cutoff distance
for communication mode <em>single</em>, which is the distance from the borders
of a processor&#8217;s sub-domain at which ghost atoms are acquired from other
processors. By default the ghost cutoff = neighbor cutoff = pairwise
force cutoff + neighbor skin. See the <a class="reference internal" href="neighbor.html"><em>neighbor</em></a> command
for more information about the skin distance. If the specified Rcut is
greater than the neighbor cutoff, then extra ghost atoms will be acquired.
If the provided cutoff is smaller, the provided value will be ignored
and the ghost cutoff is set to the neighbor cutoff. Specifying a
cutoff value of 0.0 will reset any previous value to the default.</p>
<p>The <em>cutoff/multi</em> option is equivalent to <em>cutoff</em>, but applies to
communication mode <em>multi</em> instead. Since in this case the communication
cutoffs are determined per atom type, a type specifier is needed and
cutoff for one or multiple types can be extended. Also ranges of types
using the usual asterisk notation can be given.</p>
<p>These are simulation scenarios in which it may be useful or even
necessary to set a ghost cutoff &gt; neighbor cutoff:</p>
<ul class="simple">
@ -249,8 +261,8 @@ that boundary (e.g. due to dilation or shear).</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="restrictions">
<h2>Restrictions<a class="headerlink" href="#restrictions" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<blockquote>
<div>none</div></blockquote>
<p>Communication mode <em>multi</em> is currently only available for
<a class="reference internal" href="comm_style.html"><em>comm_style</em></a> <em>brick</em>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="related-commands">
<h2>Related commands<a class="headerlink" href="#related-commands" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>

42
doc/comm_modify.txt
View File

@ -13,9 +13,12 @@ comm_modify command :h3
comm_modify keyword value ... :pre
zero or more keyword/value pairs may be appended :ulb,l
keyword = {mode} or {cutoff} or {group} or {vel} :l
keyword = {mode} or {cutoff} or {cutoff/multi} or {group} or {vel} :l
{mode} value = {single} or {multi} = communicate atoms within a single or multiple distances
{cutoff} value = Rcut (distance units) = communicate atoms from this far away
{cutoff/multi} type value
type = atom type or type range (supports asterisk notation)
value = Rcut (distance units) = communicate atoms for the selected types from this far away
{group} value = group-ID = only communicate atoms in the group
{vel} value = {yes} or {no} = do or do not communicate velocity info with ghost atoms :pre
:ule
@ -24,8 +27,10 @@ keyword = {mode} or {cutoff} or {group} or {vel} :l
comm_modify mode multi
comm_modify mode multi group solvent
comm_modift mode multi cutoff/multi 1 10.0 cutoff/multi 2*4 15.0
comm_modify vel yes
comm_modify cutoff 5.0 vel yes :pre
comm_modify mode single cutoff 5.0 vel yes
comm_modify cutoff/multi * 0.0 :pre
[Description:]
@ -46,8 +51,8 @@ distances are used to determine which atoms to communicate.
The default mode is {single} which means each processor acquires
information for ghost atoms that are within a single distance from its
sub-domain. The distance is the maximum of the neighbor cutoff for
all atom type pairs.
sub-domain. The distance is by default the maximum of the neighbor
cutoff across all atom type pairs.
For many systems this is an efficient algorithm, but for systems with
widely varying cutoffs for different type pairs, the {multi} mode can
@ -57,14 +62,22 @@ communicated. See the "neighbor multi"_neighbor.html command for a
neighbor list construction option that may also be beneficial for
simulations of this kind.
The {cutoff} keyword allows you to set a ghost cutoff distance, which
is the distance from the borders of a processor's sub-domain at which
ghost atoms are acquired from other processors. By default the ghost
cutoff = neighbor cutoff = pairwise force cutoff + neighbor skin. See
the "neighbor"_neighbor.html command for more information about the
skin distance. If the specified Rcut is greater than the neighbor
cutoff, then extra ghost atoms will be acquired. If it is smaller,
the ghost cutoff is set to the neighbor cutoff.
The {cutoff} keyword allows you to extend the ghost cutoff distance
for communication mode {single}, which is the distance from the borders
of a processor's sub-domain at which ghost atoms are acquired from other
processors. By default the ghost cutoff = neighbor cutoff = pairwise
force cutoff + neighbor skin. See the "neighbor"_neighbor.html command
for more information about the skin distance. If the specified Rcut is
greater than the neighbor cutoff, then extra ghost atoms will be acquired.
If the provided cutoff is smaller, the provided value will be ignored
and the ghost cutoff is set to the neighbor cutoff. Specifying a
cutoff value of 0.0 will reset any previous value to the default.
The {cutoff/multi} option is equivalent to {cutoff}, but applies to
communication mode {multi} instead. Since in this case the communication
cutoffs are determined per atom type, a type specifier is needed and
cutoff for one or multiple types can be extended. Also ranges of types
using the usual asterisk notation can be given.
These are simulation scenarios in which it may be useful or even
necessary to set a ghost cutoff > neighbor cutoff:
@ -130,7 +143,10 @@ with its "remap v" option enabled, then the velocities for ghost atoms
also include components due to any velocity shift that occurs across
that boundary (e.g. due to dilation or shear).
[Restrictions:] none
[Restrictions:]
Communication mode {multi} is currently only available for
"comm_style"_comm_style.html {brick}.
[Related commands:]

7
doc/info.html
View File

@ -132,7 +132,7 @@
</pre></div>
</div>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt>args = one or more of the following keywords: <em>out</em>, <em>all</em>, <em>system</em>, <em>computes</em>, <em>dumps</em>, <em>fixes</em>, <em>groups</em>, <em>regions</em>, <em>variables</em>, <em>time</em>, or <em>configuration</em></dt>
<dt>args = one or more of the following keywords: <em>out</em>, <em>all</em>, <em>system</em>, <em>communication</em>, <em>computes</em>, <em>dumps</em>, <em>fixes</em>, <em>groups</em>, <em>regions</em>, <em>variables</em>, <em>time</em>, or <em>configuration</em></dt>
<dd><em>out</em> values = <em>screen</em>, <em>log</em>, <em>append</em> filename, <em>overwrite</em> filename:ul</dd>
</dl>
</div>
@ -161,6 +161,11 @@ to that file, which is either appended to or overwritten, respectively.</p>
includes the unit style, atom style, number of atoms, bonds, angles,
dihedrals, and impropers and the number of the respective types, box
dimensions and properties, force computing styles and more.</p>
<p>The <em>communication</em> category prints a variety of information about
communication and parallelization: the MPI library version level,
the number of MPI ranks and OpenMP threads, the communication style
and layout, the processor grid dimensions, ghost atom communication
mode, cutoff, and related settings.</p>
<p>The <em>computes</em> category prints a list of all currently defined
computes, their IDs and styles and groups they operate on.</p>
<p>The <em>dumps</em> category prints a list of all currently active dumps,

8
doc/info.txt
View File

@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ info command :h3
info args :pre
args = one or more of the following keywords: {out}, {all}, {system}, {computes}, {dumps}, {fixes}, {groups}, {regions}, {variables}, {time}, or {configuration}
args = one or more of the following keywords: {out}, {all}, {system}, {communication}, {computes}, {dumps}, {fixes}, {groups}, {regions}, {variables}, {time}, or {configuration}
{out} values = {screen}, {log}, {append} filename, {overwrite} filename:ul
[Examples:]
@ -42,6 +42,12 @@ includes the unit style, atom style, number of atoms, bonds, angles,
dihedrals, and impropers and the number of the respective types, box
dimensions and properties, force computing styles and more.
The {communication} category prints a variety of information about
communication and parallelization: the MPI library version level,
the number of MPI ranks and OpenMP threads, the communication style
and layout, the processor grid dimensions, ghost atom communication
mode, cutoff, and related settings.
The {computes} category prints a list of all currently defined
computes, their IDs and styles and groups they operate on.

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