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@ -722,7 +722,7 @@ used to measure a fluid's rheological properties such as viscosity.
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In LAMMPS, such simulations can be performed by first setting up a
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non-orthogonal simulation box (see the preceeding Howto section).
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</P>
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<P>A shear strain can be applied to the simualation box at a desired
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<P>A shear strain can be applied to the simuaation box at a desired
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strain rate by using the <A HREF = "fix_deform.html">fix deform</A> command. The
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<A HREF = "fix_nvt_sllod.html">fix nvt/sllod</A> command can be used to thermostat
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the sheared fluid and integrate the SLLOD equations of motion for the
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@ -734,14 +734,14 @@ the <A HREF = "fix_ave_spatial.html">fix ave/spatial</A> command.
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</P>
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<P>As discussed in the previous section on non-orthogonal simulation
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boxes, the amount of tilt or skew that can be applied is limited by
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LAMMPS for computation efficiency to be 1/2 of the paralell box
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length. However, <A HREF = "fix_deform.html">fix deform</A> can be used to
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continuously strain a box by an arbitrary amount. As discussed in the
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<A HREF = "fix_deform.html">fix deform</A> command, when the tilt reaches a limit,
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LAMMPS for computational efficiency to be 1/2 of the parallel box
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length. However, <A HREF = "fix_deform.html">fix deform</A> can continuously strain
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a box by an arbitrary amount. As discussed in the <A HREF = "fix_deform.html">fix
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deform</A> command, when the tilt value reaches a limit,
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the box is re-shaped to the opposite limit which is an equivalent
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tiling of the periodic plane. The strain rate can then continue to
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change as before. In a long NEMD simulation these box re-shaping may
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occur any number of times.
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tiling of periodic space. The strain rate can then continue to change
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as before. In a long NEMD simulation these box re-shaping events may
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occur many times.
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</P>
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<P>In a NEMD simulation, the "remap" option of <A HREF = "fix_deform.html">fix
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deform</A> should be set to "remap v", since that is what
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@ -754,17 +754,17 @@ profile consistent with the applied shear strain rate.
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</H4>
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<P>LAMMPS supports ellipsoidal particles via the <A HREF = "atom_style.html">atom_style
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ellipsoid</A> and <A HREF = "shape.html">shape</A> commands. The
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latter defines the 3 axes (diamaters) of a general ellipsoid. The
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<A HREF = "pair_gayberne.html">pair_style gayberne</A> command can be used to define
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a Gay-Berne (GB) potential for how such particles interact with each
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other and with spherical particles. The GB potential is like a
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Lennard-Jones (LJ) potential generalized for ellipsoids interacting in
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an orientiation-dependent manner.
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latter command defines the 3 axes (diameters) of a general ellipsoid.
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The <A HREF = "pair_gayberne.html">pair_style gayberne</A> command can be used to
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define a Gay-Berne (GB) potential for how ellipsoidal particles
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interact with each other and with spherical particles. The GB
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potential is like a Lennard-Jones (LJ) potential, generalized for
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orientiation-dependent interactions.
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</P>
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<P>The orientation of ellipsoidal particles is stored as a quaternion.
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See the <A HREF = "set.html">set</A> command for a brief explanation of quaternions
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and how the orientation of such particles can be initialized. The
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data file read by the <A HREF = "read_data.html">read_data</A> command also contains
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data file read by the <A HREF = "read_data.html">read_data</A> command contains
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quaternions for each atom in the Atoms section if <A HREF = "atom_style.html">atom_style
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ellipsoid</A> is being used. The <A HREF = "compute_temp_asphere.html">compute
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temp/asphere</A> command can be used to
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@ -776,11 +776,11 @@ npt/asphere</A> commands. All of these commands are
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part of the ASPHERE package in LAMMPS.
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</P>
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<P>Computationally, the cost for two ellipsoidal particles to interact is
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30x or more expensive than for 2 LJ particles. Thus if you are
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modeling a system with many spherical particles (e.g. as the solvent),
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then you should insure sphere-sphere interactions are computed with
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the a cheaper potential than GB. This can be done by setting the
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particle's 3 shape parameters to all be equal (a sphere).
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30 times (or more) expensive than for 2 spherical LJ particles. Thus
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if you are modeling a system with many spherical particles (e.g. as
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the solvent), then you should insure sphere-sphere interactions are
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computed with a cheaper potential than GB. This can be done by
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setting the particle's 3 shape parameters to all be equal (a sphere).
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Additionally, the corresponding GB potential coefficients can be set
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so the GB potential will treat the pair of particles as LJ spheres.
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Details are given in the doc page for the <A HREF = "pair_gayberne.html">pair_style
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@ -715,7 +715,7 @@ used to measure a fluid's rheological properties such as viscosity.
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In LAMMPS, such simulations can be performed by first setting up a
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non-orthogonal simulation box (see the preceeding Howto section).
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A shear strain can be applied to the simualation box at a desired
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A shear strain can be applied to the simuaation box at a desired
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strain rate by using the "fix deform"_fix_deform.html command. The
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"fix nvt/sllod"_fix_nvt_sllod.html command can be used to thermostat
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the sheared fluid and integrate the SLLOD equations of motion for the
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@ -727,14 +727,14 @@ the "fix ave/spatial"_fix_ave_spatial.html command.
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As discussed in the previous section on non-orthogonal simulation
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boxes, the amount of tilt or skew that can be applied is limited by
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LAMMPS for computation efficiency to be 1/2 of the paralell box
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length. However, "fix deform"_fix_deform.html can be used to
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continuously strain a box by an arbitrary amount. As discussed in the
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"fix deform"_fix_deform.html command, when the tilt reaches a limit,
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LAMMPS for computational efficiency to be 1/2 of the parallel box
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length. However, "fix deform"_fix_deform.html can continuously strain
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a box by an arbitrary amount. As discussed in the "fix
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deform"_fix_deform.html command, when the tilt value reaches a limit,
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the box is re-shaped to the opposite limit which is an equivalent
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tiling of the periodic plane. The strain rate can then continue to
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change as before. In a long NEMD simulation these box re-shaping may
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occur any number of times.
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tiling of periodic space. The strain rate can then continue to change
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as before. In a long NEMD simulation these box re-shaping events may
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occur many times.
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In a NEMD simulation, the "remap" option of "fix
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deform"_fix_deform.html should be set to "remap v", since that is what
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@ -747,17 +747,17 @@ profile consistent with the applied shear strain rate.
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LAMMPS supports ellipsoidal particles via the "atom_style
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ellipsoid"_atom_style.html and "shape"_shape.html commands. The
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latter defines the 3 axes (diamaters) of a general ellipsoid. The
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"pair_style gayberne"_pair_gayberne.html command can be used to define
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a Gay-Berne (GB) potential for how such particles interact with each
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other and with spherical particles. The GB potential is like a
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Lennard-Jones (LJ) potential generalized for ellipsoids interacting in
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an orientiation-dependent manner.
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latter command defines the 3 axes (diameters) of a general ellipsoid.
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The "pair_style gayberne"_pair_gayberne.html command can be used to
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define a Gay-Berne (GB) potential for how ellipsoidal particles
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interact with each other and with spherical particles. The GB
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potential is like a Lennard-Jones (LJ) potential, generalized for
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orientiation-dependent interactions.
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The orientation of ellipsoidal particles is stored as a quaternion.
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See the "set"_set.html command for a brief explanation of quaternions
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and how the orientation of such particles can be initialized. The
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data file read by the "read_data"_read_data.html command also contains
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data file read by the "read_data"_read_data.html command contains
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quaternions for each atom in the Atoms section if "atom_style
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ellipsoid"_atom_style.html is being used. The "compute
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temp/asphere"_compute_temp_asphere.html command can be used to
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@ -769,11 +769,11 @@ npt/asphere"_fix_npt_asphere.html commands. All of these commands are
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part of the ASPHERE package in LAMMPS.
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Computationally, the cost for two ellipsoidal particles to interact is
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30x or more expensive than for 2 LJ particles. Thus if you are
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modeling a system with many spherical particles (e.g. as the solvent),
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then you should insure sphere-sphere interactions are computed with
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the a cheaper potential than GB. This can be done by setting the
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particle's 3 shape parameters to all be equal (a sphere).
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30 times (or more) expensive than for 2 spherical LJ particles. Thus
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if you are modeling a system with many spherical particles (e.g. as
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the solvent), then you should insure sphere-sphere interactions are
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computed with a cheaper potential than GB. This can be done by
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setting the particle's 3 shape parameters to all be equal (a sphere).
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Additionally, the corresponding GB potential coefficients can be set
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so the GB potential will treat the pair of particles as LJ spheres.
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Details are given in the doc page for the "pair_style
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|
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