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<CENTER><A HREF = "Manual.html">Previous Section</A> - <A HREF = "http://lammps.sandia.gov">LAMMPS WWW Site</A> - <A HREF = "Manual.html">LAMMPS Documentation</A> - <A HREF = "Section_commands.html#comm">LAMMPS Commands</A> - <A HREF = "Section_start.html">Next Section</A>
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</CENTER>
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<HR>
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<H3>1. Introduction
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</H3>
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<P>This section provides an overview of what LAMMPS can and can't do,
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describes what it means for LAMMPS to be an open-source code, and
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acknowledges the funding and people who have contributed to LAMMPS
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over the years.
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</P>
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1.1 <A HREF = "#intro_1">What is LAMMPS</A><BR>
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1.2 <A HREF = "#intro_2">LAMMPS features</A><BR>
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1.3 <A HREF = "#intro_3">LAMMPS non-features</A><BR>
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1.4 <A HREF = "#intro_4">Open source distribution</A><BR>
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1.5 <A HREF = "#intro_5">Acknowledgments and citations</A> <BR>
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<HR>
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<HR>
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<A NAME = "intro_1"></A><H4>1.1 What is LAMMPS
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</H4>
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<P>LAMMPS is a classical molecular dynamics code that models an ensemble
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of particles in a liquid, solid, or gaseous state. It can model
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atomic, polymeric, biological, metallic, granular, and coarse-grained
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systems using a variety of force fields and boundary conditions.
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</P>
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<P>For examples of LAMMPS simulations, see the Publications page of the
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<A HREF = "http://lammps.sandia.gov">LAMMPS WWW Site</A>.
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</P>
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<P>LAMMPS runs efficiently on single-processor desktop or laptop
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machines, but is designed for parallel computers. It will run on any
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parallel machine that compiles C++ and supports the <A HREF = "http://www-unix.mcs.anl.gov/mpi">MPI</A>
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message-passing library. This includes distributed- or shared-memory
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parallel machines and Beowulf-style clusters.
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</P>
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<P>LAMMPS can model systems with only a few particles up to millions or
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billions. See <A HREF = "Section_perf.html">Section_perf</A> for information on
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LAMMPS performance and scalability, or the Benchmarks section of the
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<A HREF = "http://lammps.sandia.gov">LAMMPS WWW Site</A>.
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</P>
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<P>LAMMPS is a freely-available open-source code, distributed under the
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terms of the <A HREF = "http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html">GNU Public License</A>, which means you can use or
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modify the code however you wish. See <A HREF = "#intro_4">this section</A> for a
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brief discussion of the open-source philosophy.
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</P>
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<P>LAMMPS is designed to be easy to modify or extend with new
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capabilities, such as new force fields, atom types, boundary
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conditions, or diagnostics. See <A HREF = "Section_modify.html">Section_modify</A>
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for more details.
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</P>
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<P>The current version of LAMMPS is written in C++. Earlier versions
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were written in F77 and F90. See
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<A HREF = "Section_history.html">Section_history</A> for more information on
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different versions. All versions can be downloaded from the <A HREF = "http://lammps.sandia.gov">LAMMPS
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WWW Site</A>.
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</P>
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<P>LAMMPS was originally developed under a US Department of Energy CRADA
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(Cooperative Research and Development Agreement) between two DOE labs
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and 3 companies. It is distributed by <A HREF = "http://www.sandia.gov">Sandia National Labs</A>.
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See <A HREF = "#intro_5">this section</A> for more information on LAMMPS funding and
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individuals who have contributed to LAMMPS.
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</P>
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<P>In the most general sense, LAMMPS integrates Newton's equations of
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motion for collections of atoms, molecules, or macroscopic particles
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that interact via short- or long-range forces with a variety of
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initial and/or boundary conditions. For computational efficiency
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LAMMPS uses neighbor lists to keep track of nearby particles. The
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lists are optimized for systems with particles that are repulsive at
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short distances, so that the local density of particles never becomes
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too large. On parallel machines, LAMMPS uses spatial-decomposition
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techniques to partition the simulation domain into small 3d
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sub-domains, one of which is assigned to each processor. Processors
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communicate and store "ghost" atom information for atoms that border
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their sub-domain. LAMMPS is most efficient (in a parallel sense) for
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systems whose particles fill a 3d rectangular box with roughly uniform
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density. Papers with technical details of the algorithms used in
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LAMMPS are listed in <A HREF = "#intro_5">this section</A>.
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</P>
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<HR>
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<A NAME = "intro_2"></A><H4>1.2 LAMMPS features
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</H4>
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<P>This section highlights LAMMPS features, with pointers to specific
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commands which give more details. If LAMMPS doesn't have your
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favorite interatomic potential, boundary condition, or atom type, see
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<A HREF = "Section_modify.html">Section_modify</A>, which describes how you can add
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it to LAMMPS.
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</P>
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<H4>General features
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</H4>
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<UL><LI> runs on a single processor or in parallel
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<LI> distributed-memory message-passing parallelism (MPI)
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<LI> spatial-decomposition of simulation domain for parallelism
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<LI> open-source distribution
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<LI> highly portable C++
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<LI> optional libraries used: MPI and single-processor FFT
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<LI> GPU (CUDA and OpenCL), Intel(R) Xeon Phi(TM) coprocessors, and OpenMP support for many code features
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<LI> easy to extend with new features and functionality
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<LI> runs from an input script
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<LI> syntax for defining and using variables and formulas
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<LI> syntax for looping over runs and breaking out of loops
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<LI> run one or multiple simulations simultaneously (in parallel) from one script
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<LI> build as library, invoke LAMMPS thru library interface or provided Python wrapper
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<LI> couple with other codes: LAMMPS calls other code, other code calls LAMMPS, umbrella code calls both
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</UL>
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<H4>Particle and model types
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</H4>
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<P>(<A HREF = "atom_style.html">atom style</A> command)
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</P>
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<UL><LI> atoms
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<LI> coarse-grained particles (e.g. bead-spring polymers)
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<LI> united-atom polymers or organic molecules
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<LI> all-atom polymers, organic molecules, proteins, DNA
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<LI> metals
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<LI> granular materials
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<LI> coarse-grained mesoscale models
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<LI> finite-size spherical and ellipsoidal particles
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<LI> finite-size line segment (2d) and triangle (3d) particles
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<LI> point dipole particles
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<LI> rigid collections of particles
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<LI> hybrid combinations of these
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</UL>
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<H4>Force fields
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</H4>
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<P>(<A HREF = "pair_style.html">pair style</A>, <A HREF = "bond_style.html">bond style</A>,
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<A HREF = "angle_style.html">angle style</A>, <A HREF = "dihedral_style.html">dihedral style</A>,
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<A HREF = "improper_style.html">improper style</A>, <A HREF = "kspace_style.html">kspace style</A>
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commands)
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</P>
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<UL><LI> pairwise potentials: Lennard-Jones, Buckingham, Morse, Born-Mayer-Huggins, Yukawa, soft, class 2 (COMPASS), hydrogen bond, tabulated
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<LI> charged pairwise potentials: Coulombic, point-dipole
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<LI> manybody potentials: EAM, Finnis/Sinclair EAM, modified EAM (MEAM), embedded ion method (EIM), EDIP, ADP, Stillinger-Weber, Tersoff, REBO, AIREBO, ReaxFF, COMB, SNAP, Streitz-Mintmire
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<LI> charge equilibration (QEq via dynamic, point, shielded, Slater methods)
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<LI> electron force field (eFF, AWPMD)
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<LI> coarse-grained potentials: DPD, GayBerne, REsquared, colloidal, DLVO
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<LI> mesoscopic potentials: granular, Peridynamics, SPH
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<LI> bond potentials: harmonic, FENE, Morse, nonlinear, class 2, quartic (breakable)
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<LI> angle potentials: harmonic, CHARMM, cosine, cosine/squared, cosine/periodic, class 2 (COMPASS)
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<LI> dihedral potentials: harmonic, CHARMM, multi-harmonic, helix, class 2 (COMPASS), OPLS
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<LI> improper potentials: harmonic, cvff, umbrella, class 2 (COMPASS)
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<LI> polymer potentials: all-atom, united-atom, bead-spring, breakable
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<LI> water potentials: TIP3P, TIP4P, SPC
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<LI> implicit solvent potentials: hydrodynamic lubrication, Debye
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<LI> <A HREF = "http://openkim.org">KIM archive</A> of potentials
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<LI> long-range interactions for charge, point-dipoles, and LJ dispersion: Ewald, Wolf, PPPM (similar to particle-mesh Ewald)
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<LI> force-field compatibility with common CHARMM, AMBER, DREIDING, OPLS, GROMACS, COMPASS options
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<LI> handful of GPU-enabled pair styles
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<LI> hybrid potentials: multiple pair, bond, angle, dihedral, improper potentials can be used in one simulation
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<LI> overlaid potentials: superposition of multiple pair potentials
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</UL>
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<H4>Atom creation
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</H4>
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<P>(<A HREF = "read_data.html">read_data</A>, <A HREF = "lattice.html">lattice</A>,
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<A HREF = "create_atoms.html">create_atoms</A>, <A HREF = "delete_atoms.html">delete_atoms</A>,
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<A HREF = "displace_atoms.html">displace_atoms</A>, <A HREF = "replicate.html">replicate</A> commands)
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</P>
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<UL><LI> read in atom coords from files
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<LI> create atoms on one or more lattices (e.g. grain boundaries)
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<LI> delete geometric or logical groups of atoms (e.g. voids)
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<LI> replicate existing atoms multiple times
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<LI> displace atoms
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</UL>
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<H4>Ensembles, constraints, and boundary conditions
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</H4>
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<P>(<A HREF = "fix.html">fix</A> command)
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</P>
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<UL><LI> 2d or 3d systems
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<LI> orthogonal or non-orthogonal (triclinic symmetry) simulation domains
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<LI> constant NVE, NVT, NPT, NPH, Parinello/Rahman integrators
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<LI> thermostatting options for groups and geometric regions of atoms
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<LI> pressure control via Nose/Hoover or Berendsen barostatting in 1 to 3 dimensions
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<LI> simulation box deformation (tensile and shear)
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<LI> harmonic (umbrella) constraint forces
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<LI> rigid body constraints
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<LI> SHAKE bond and angle constraints
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<LI> Monte Carlo bond breaking, formation, swapping
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<LI> atom/molecule insertion and deletion
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<LI> walls of various kinds
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<LI> non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD)
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<LI> variety of additional boundary conditions and constraints
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</UL>
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<H4>Integrators
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</H4>
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<P>(<A HREF = "run.html">run</A>, <A HREF = "run_style.html">run_style</A>, <A HREF = "minimize.html">minimize</A> commands)
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</P>
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<UL><LI> velocity-Verlet integrator
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<LI> Brownian dynamics
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<LI> rigid body integration
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<LI> energy minimization via conjugate gradient or steepest descent relaxation
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<LI> rRESPA hierarchical timestepping
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<LI> rerun command for post-processing of dump files
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</UL>
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<H4>Diagnostics
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</H4>
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<UL><LI> see the various flavors of the <A HREF = "fix.html">fix</A> and <A HREF = "compute.html">compute</A> commands
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</UL>
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<H4>Output
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</H4>
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<P>(<A HREF = "dump.html">dump</A>, <A HREF = "restart.html">restart</A> commands)
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</P>
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<UL><LI> log file of thermodynamic info
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<LI> text dump files of atom coords, velocities, other per-atom quantities
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<LI> binary restart files
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<LI> parallel I/O of dump and restart files
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<LI> per-atom quantities (energy, stress, centro-symmetry parameter, CNA, etc)
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<LI> user-defined system-wide (log file) or per-atom (dump file) calculations
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<LI> spatial and time averaging of per-atom quantities
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<LI> time averaging of system-wide quantities
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<LI> atom snapshots in native, XYZ, XTC, DCD, CFG formats
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</UL>
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<H4>Multi-replica models
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</H4>
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<P><A HREF = "neb.html">nudged elastic band</A>
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<A HREF = "prd.html">parallel replica dynamics</A>
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<A HREF = "tad.html">temperature accelerated dynamics</A>
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<A HREF = "temper.html">parallel tempering</A>
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</P>
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<H4>Pre- and post-processing
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</H4>
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<UL><LI>Various pre- and post-processing serial tools are packaged
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with LAMMPS; see these <A HREF = "Section_tools.html">doc pages</A>.
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<LI>Our group has also written and released a separate toolkit called
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<A HREF = "http://www.sandia.gov/~sjplimp/pizza.html">Pizza.py</A> which provides tools for doing setup, analysis,
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plotting, and visualization for LAMMPS simulations. Pizza.py is
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written in <A HREF = "http://www.python.org">Python</A> and is available for download from <A HREF = "http://www.sandia.gov/~sjplimp/pizza.html">the
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Pizza.py WWW site</A>.
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</UL>
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<H4>Specialized features
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</H4>
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<P>These are LAMMPS capabilities which you may not think of as typical
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molecular dynamics options:
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</P>
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<UL><LI><A HREF = "balance.html">static</A> and <A HREF = "fix_balance.html">dynamic load-balancing</A>
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<LI><A HREF = "body.html">generalized aspherical particles</A>
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<LI><A HREF = "fix_srd.html">stochastic rotation dynamics (SRD)</A>
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<LI><A HREF = "fix_imd.html">real-time visualization and interactive MD</A>
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<LI><A HREF = "fix_atc.html">atom-to-continuum coupling</A> with finite elements
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<LI>coupled rigid body integration via the <A HREF = "fix_poems.html">POEMS</A> library
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<LI><A HREF = "fix_qmmm.html">QM/MM coupling</A>
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<LI><A HREF = "fix_ipi.html">path-integral molecular dynamics (PIMD)</A> and <A HREF = "fix_pimd.html">this as well</A>
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<LI>Monte Carlo via <A HREF = "fix_gcmc.html">GCMC</A> and <A HREF = "fix_tfmc.html">tfMC</A> and <A HREF = "fix_swap.html">atom swapping</A>
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<LI><A HREF = "pair_dsmc.html">Direct Simulation Monte Carlo</A> for low-density fluids
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<LI><A HREF = "pair_peri.html">Peridynamics mesoscale modeling</A>
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<LI><A HREF = "fix_lb_fluid.html">Lattice Boltzmann fluid</A>
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<LI><A HREF = "fix_tmd.html">targeted</A> and <A HREF = "fix_smd.html">steered</A> molecular dynamics
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<LI><A HREF = "fix_ttm.html">two-temperature electron model</A>
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</UL>
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<HR>
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<A NAME = "intro_3"></A><H4>1.3 LAMMPS non-features
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</H4>
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<P>LAMMPS is designed to efficiently compute Newton's equations of motion
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for a system of interacting particles. Many of the tools needed to
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pre- and post-process the data for such simulations are not included
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in the LAMMPS kernel for several reasons:
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</P>
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<UL><LI>the desire to keep LAMMPS simple
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<LI>they are not parallel operations
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<LI>other codes already do them
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<LI>limited development resources
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</UL>
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<P>Specifically, LAMMPS itself does not:
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</P>
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<UL><LI>run thru a GUI
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<LI>build molecular systems
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<LI>assign force-field coefficients automagically
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<LI>perform sophisticated analyses of your MD simulation
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<LI>visualize your MD simulation
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<LI>plot your output data
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</UL>
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<P>A few tools for pre- and post-processing tasks are provided as part of
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the LAMMPS package; they are described in <A HREF = "Section_tools.html">this
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section</A>. However, many people use other codes or
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write their own tools for these tasks.
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</P>
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<P>As noted above, our group has also written and released a separate
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toolkit called <A HREF = "http://www.sandia.gov/~sjplimp/pizza.html">Pizza.py</A> which addresses some of the listed
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bullets. It provides tools for doing setup, analysis, plotting, and
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visualization for LAMMPS simulations. Pizza.py is written in
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<A HREF = "http://www.python.org">Python</A> and is available for download from <A HREF = "http://www.sandia.gov/~sjplimp/pizza.html">the Pizza.py WWW
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site</A>.
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</P>
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<P>LAMMPS requires as input a list of initial atom coordinates and types,
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molecular topology information, and force-field coefficients assigned
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to all atoms and bonds. LAMMPS will not build molecular systems and
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assign force-field parameters for you.
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</P>
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<P>For atomic systems LAMMPS provides a <A HREF = "create_atoms.html">create_atoms</A>
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command which places atoms on solid-state lattices (fcc, bcc,
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user-defined, etc). Assigning small numbers of force field
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coefficients can be done via the <A HREF = "pair_coeff.html">pair coeff</A>, <A HREF = "bond_coeff.html">bond
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coeff</A>, <A HREF = "angle_coeff.html">angle coeff</A>, etc commands.
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For molecular systems or more complicated simulation geometries, users
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typically use another code as a builder and convert its output to
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LAMMPS input format, or write their own code to generate atom
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coordinate and molecular topology for LAMMPS to read in.
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</P>
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<P>For complicated molecular systems (e.g. a protein), a multitude of
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topology information and hundreds of force-field coefficients must
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typically be specified. We suggest you use a program like
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<A HREF = "http://www.scripps.edu/brooks">CHARMM</A> or <A HREF = "http://amber.scripps.edu">AMBER</A> or other molecular builders to setup
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such problems and dump its information to a file. You can then
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reformat the file as LAMMPS input. Some of the tools in <A HREF = "Section_tools.html">this
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section</A> can assist in this process.
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</P>
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<P>Similarly, LAMMPS creates output files in a simple format. Most users
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post-process these files with their own analysis tools or re-format
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them for input into other programs, including visualization packages.
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If you are convinced you need to compute something on-the-fly as
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LAMMPS runs, see <A HREF = "Section_modify.html">Section_modify</A> for a discussion
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of how you can use the <A HREF = "dump.html">dump</A> and <A HREF = "compute.html">compute</A> and
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<A HREF = "fix.html">fix</A> commands to print out data of your choosing. Keep in
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mind that complicated computations can slow down the molecular
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dynamics timestepping, particularly if the computations are not
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parallel, so it is often better to leave such analysis to
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post-processing codes.
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</P>
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<P>A very simple (yet fast) visualizer is provided with the LAMMPS
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package - see the <A HREF = "Section_tools.html#xmovie">xmovie</A> tool in <A HREF = "Section_tools.html">this
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section</A>. It creates xyz projection views of
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atomic coordinates and animates them. We find it very useful for
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debugging purposes. For high-quality visualization we recommend the
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following packages:
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</P>
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<UL><LI><A HREF = "http://www.ks.uiuc.edu/Research/vmd">VMD</A>
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<LI><A HREF = "http://mt.seas.upenn.edu/Archive/Graphics/A">AtomEye</A>
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<LI><A HREF = "http://pymol.sourceforge.net">PyMol</A>
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<LI><A HREF = "http://www.bmsc.washington.edu/raster3d/raster3d.html">Raster3d</A>
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<LI><A HREF = "http://www.openrasmol.org">RasMol</A>
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</UL>
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<P>Other features that LAMMPS does not yet (and may never) support are
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discussed in <A HREF = "Section_history.html">Section_history</A>.
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</P>
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<P>Finally, these are freely-available molecular dynamics codes, most of
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them parallel, which may be well-suited to the problems you want to
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model. They can also be used in conjunction with LAMMPS to perform
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complementary modeling tasks.
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</P>
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<UL><LI><A HREF = "http://www.scripps.edu/brooks">CHARMM</A>
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<LI><A HREF = "http://amber.scripps.edu">AMBER</A>
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<LI><A HREF = "http://www.ks.uiuc.edu/Research/namd/">NAMD</A>
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<LI><A HREF = "http://www.emsl.pnl.gov/docs/nwchem/nwchem.html">NWCHEM</A>
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<LI><A HREF = "http://www.cse.clrc.ac.uk/msi/software/DL_POLY">DL_POLY</A>
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<LI><A HREF = "http://dasher.wustl.edu/tinker">Tinker</A>
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</UL>
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<P>CHARMM, AMBER, NAMD, NWCHEM, and Tinker are designed primarily for
|
|
modeling biological molecules. CHARMM and AMBER use
|
|
atom-decomposition (replicated-data) strategies for parallelism; NAMD
|
|
and NWCHEM use spatial-decomposition approaches, similar to LAMMPS.
|
|
Tinker is a serial code. DL_POLY includes potentials for a variety of
|
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biological and non-biological materials; both a replicated-data and
|
|
spatial-decomposition version exist.
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</P>
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<HR>
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<A NAME = "intro_4"></A><H4>1.4 Open source distribution
|
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</H4>
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<P>LAMMPS comes with no warranty of any kind. As each source file states
|
|
in its header, it is a copyrighted code that is distributed free-of-
|
|
charge, under the terms of the <A HREF = "http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html">GNU Public License</A> (GPL). This
|
|
is often referred to as open-source distribution - see
|
|
<A HREF = "http://www.gnu.org">www.gnu.org</A> or <A HREF = "http://www.opensource.org">www.opensource.org</A> for more
|
|
details. The legal text of the GPL is in the LICENSE file that is
|
|
included in the LAMMPS distribution.
|
|
</P>
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
<P>Here is a summary of what the GPL means for LAMMPS users:
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>(1) Anyone is free to use, modify, or extend LAMMPS in any way they
|
|
choose, including for commercial purposes.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>(2) If you distribute a modified version of LAMMPS, it must remain
|
|
open-source, meaning you distribute it under the terms of the GPL.
|
|
You should clearly annotate such a code as a derivative version of
|
|
LAMMPS.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>(3) If you release any code that includes LAMMPS source code, then it
|
|
must also be open-sourced, meaning you distribute it under the terms
|
|
of the GPL.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>(4) If you give LAMMPS files to someone else, the GPL LICENSE file and
|
|
source file headers (including the copyright and GPL notices) should
|
|
remain part of the code.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>In the spirit of an open-source code, these are various ways you can
|
|
contribute to making LAMMPS better. You can send email to the
|
|
<A HREF = "http://lammps.sandia.gov/authors.html">developers</A> on any of these
|
|
items.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<UL><LI>Point prospective users to the <A HREF = "http://lammps.sandia.gov">LAMMPS WWW Site</A>. Mention it in
|
|
talks or link to it from your WWW site.
|
|
|
|
<LI>If you find an error or omission in this manual or on the <A HREF = "http://lammps.sandia.gov">LAMMPS WWW
|
|
Site</A>, or have a suggestion for something to clarify or include,
|
|
send an email to the
|
|
<A HREF = "http://lammps.sandia.gov/authors.html">developers</A>.
|
|
|
|
<LI>If you find a bug, <A HREF = "Section_errors.html#err_2">Section_errors 2</A>
|
|
describes how to report it.
|
|
|
|
<LI>If you publish a paper using LAMMPS results, send the citation (and
|
|
any cool pictures or movies if you like) to add to the Publications,
|
|
Pictures, and Movies pages of the <A HREF = "http://lammps.sandia.gov">LAMMPS WWW Site</A>, with links
|
|
and attributions back to you.
|
|
|
|
<LI>Create a new Makefile.machine that can be added to the src/MAKE
|
|
directory.
|
|
|
|
<LI>The tools sub-directory of the LAMMPS distribution has various
|
|
stand-alone codes for pre- and post-processing of LAMMPS data. More
|
|
details are given in <A HREF = "Section_tools.html">Section_tools</A>. If you write
|
|
a new tool that users will find useful, it can be added to the LAMMPS
|
|
distribution.
|
|
|
|
<LI>LAMMPS is designed to be easy to extend with new code for features
|
|
like potentials, boundary conditions, diagnostic computations, etc.
|
|
<A HREF = "Section_modify.html">This section</A> gives details. If you add a
|
|
feature of general interest, it can be added to the LAMMPS
|
|
distribution.
|
|
|
|
<LI>The Benchmark page of the <A HREF = "http://lammps.sandia.gov">LAMMPS WWW Site</A> lists LAMMPS
|
|
performance on various platforms. The files needed to run the
|
|
benchmarks are part of the LAMMPS distribution. If your machine is
|
|
sufficiently different from those listed, your timing data can be
|
|
added to the page.
|
|
|
|
<LI>You can send feedback for the User Comments page of the <A HREF = "http://lammps.sandia.gov">LAMMPS WWW
|
|
Site</A>. It might be added to the page. No promises.
|
|
|
|
<LI>Cash. Small denominations, unmarked bills preferred. Paper sack OK.
|
|
Leave on desk. VISA also accepted. Chocolate chip cookies
|
|
encouraged.
|
|
</UL>
|
|
<HR>
|
|
|
|
<H4><A NAME = "intro_5"></A>1.5 Acknowledgments and citations
|
|
</H4>
|
|
<P>LAMMPS development has been funded by the <A HREF = "http://www.doe.gov">US Department of
|
|
Energy</A> (DOE), through its CRADA, LDRD, ASCI, and Genomes-to-Life
|
|
programs and its <A HREF = "http://www.sc.doe.gov/ascr/home.html">OASCR</A> and <A HREF = "http://www.er.doe.gov/production/ober/ober_top.html">OBER</A> offices.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>Specifically, work on the latest version was funded in part by the US
|
|
Department of Energy's Genomics:GTL program
|
|
(<A HREF = "http://www.doegenomestolife.org">www.doegenomestolife.org</A>) under the <A HREF = "http://www.genomes2life.org">project</A>, "Carbon
|
|
Sequestration in Synechococcus Sp.: From Molecular Machines to
|
|
Hierarchical Modeling".
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>The following paper describe the basic parallel algorithms used in
|
|
LAMMPS. If you use LAMMPS results in your published work, please cite
|
|
this paper and include a pointer to the <A HREF = "http://lammps.sandia.gov">LAMMPS WWW Site</A>
|
|
(http://lammps.sandia.gov):
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>S. J. Plimpton, <B>Fast Parallel Algorithms for Short-Range Molecular
|
|
Dynamics</B>, J Comp Phys, 117, 1-19 (1995).
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>Other papers describing specific algorithms used in LAMMPS are listed
|
|
under the <A HREF = "http://lammps.sandia.gov/cite.html">Citing LAMMPS link</A> of
|
|
the LAMMPS WWW page.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>The <A HREF = "http://lammps.sandia.gov/papers.html">Publications link</A> on the
|
|
LAMMPS WWW page lists papers that have cited LAMMPS. If your paper is
|
|
not listed there for some reason, feel free to send us the info. If
|
|
the simulations in your paper produced cool pictures or animations,
|
|
we'll be pleased to add them to the
|
|
<A HREF = "http://lammps.sandia.gov/pictures.html">Pictures</A> or
|
|
<A HREF = "http://lammps.sandia.gov/movies.html">Movies</A> pages of the LAMMPS WWW
|
|
site.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>The core group of LAMMPS developers is at Sandia National Labs:
|
|
</P>
|
|
<UL><LI>Steve Plimpton, sjplimp at sandia.gov
|
|
<LI>Aidan Thompson, athomps at sandia.gov
|
|
<LI>Paul Crozier, pscrozi at sandia.gov
|
|
</UL>
|
|
<P>The following folks are responsible for significant contributions to
|
|
the code, or other aspects of the LAMMPS development effort. Many of
|
|
the packages they have written are somewhat unique to LAMMPS and the
|
|
code would not be as general-purpose as it is without their expertise
|
|
and efforts.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<UL><LI>Axel Kohlmeyer (Temple U), akohlmey at gmail.com, SVN and Git repositories, indefatigable mail list responder, USER-CG-CMM and USER-OMP packages
|
|
<LI>Roy Pollock (LLNL), Ewald and PPPM solvers
|
|
<LI>Mike Brown (ORNL), brownw at ornl.gov, GPU package
|
|
<LI>Greg Wagner (Sandia), gjwagne at sandia.gov, MEAM package for MEAM potential
|
|
<LI>Mike Parks (Sandia), mlparks at sandia.gov, PERI package for Peridynamics
|
|
<LI>Rudra Mukherjee (JPL), Rudranarayan.M.Mukherjee at jpl.nasa.gov, POEMS package for articulated rigid body motion
|
|
<LI>Reese Jones (Sandia) and collaborators, rjones at sandia.gov, USER-ATC package for atom/continuum coupling
|
|
<LI>Ilya Valuev (JIHT), valuev at physik.hu-berlin.de, USER-AWPMD package for wave-packet MD
|
|
<LI>Christian Trott (U Tech Ilmenau), christian.trott at tu-ilmenau.de, USER-CUDA package
|
|
<LI>Andres Jaramillo-Botero (Caltech), ajaramil at wag.caltech.edu, USER-EFF package for electron force field
|
|
<LI>Christoph Kloss (JKU), Christoph.Kloss at jku.at, USER-LIGGGHTS package for granular models and granular/fluid coupling
|
|
<LI>Metin Aktulga (LBL), hmaktulga at lbl.gov, USER-REAXC package for C version of ReaxFF
|
|
<LI>Georg Gunzenmuller (EMI), georg.ganzenmueller at emi.fhg.de, USER-SPH package
|
|
</UL>
|
|
<P>As discussed in <A HREF = "Section_history.html">Section_history</A>, LAMMPS
|
|
originated as a cooperative project between DOE labs and industrial
|
|
partners. Folks involved in the design and testing of the original
|
|
version of LAMMPS were the following:
|
|
</P>
|
|
<UL><LI>John Carpenter (Mayo Clinic, formerly at Cray Research)
|
|
<LI>Terry Stouch (Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, formerly at Bristol Myers Squibb)
|
|
<LI>Steve Lustig (Dupont)
|
|
<LI>Jim Belak (LLNL)
|
|
</UL>
|
|
</HTML>
|