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300 lines
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<CENTER><A HREF = "http://lammps.sandia.gov">LAMMPS WWW Site</A> - <A HREF = "Manual.html">LAMMPS Documentation</A> - <A HREF = "Section_commands.html#comm">LAMMPS Commands</A>
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<H3>variable command
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</H3>
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<P><B>Syntax:</B>
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</P>
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<PRE>variable name style args ...
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</PRE>
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<UL><LI>name = name of variable to define
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<LI>style = <I>index</I> or <I>loop</I> or <I>world</I> or <I>universe</I> or <I>uloop</I> or <I>equal</I> or <I>atom</I>
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<PRE> <I>index</I> args = one or more strings
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<I>loop</I> args = N = integer size of loop
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<I>world</I> args = one string for each partition of processors
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<I>universe</I> args = one or more strings
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<I>uloop</I> args = N = integer size of loop
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<I>equal</I> or <I>atom</I> args = one equation containing numbers, thermo keywords, math functions, group functions, atom vectors, compute references, other variables
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numbers = 0.0, -5.4, 2.8e-4, etc
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thermo keywords = vol, ke, press, etc from <A HREF = "thermo_style.html">thermo_style</A>
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math functions = add(x,y), sub(x,y), mult(x,y), div(x,y),
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neg(x), pow(x,y), exp(x), ln(x), sqrt(x)
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group functions = mass(group), charge(group),
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xcm(group,dim), vcm(group,dim), fcm(group,dim),
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bound(group,xmin), gyration(group)
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atom vectors for <I>equal</I> = mass[N], x[N], y[N], z[N],
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vx[N], vy[N], vz[N],
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fx[N], fy[N], fz[N]
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atom vectors for <I>atom</I> = mass[], x[], y[], z[],
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vx[], vy[], vz[],
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fx[], fy[], fz[]
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compute references = c_ID[0], c_ID[N]
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other variables = v_abc, v_x, etc
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</PRE>
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</UL>
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<P><B>Examples:</B>
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</P>
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<PRE>variable x index run1 run2 run3 run4 run5 run6 run7 run8
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variable LoopVar loop 20
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variable beta equal div(temp,3.0)
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variable b1 equal add(x[234],mult(0.5,vol))
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variable b equal div(xcm(mol1,x),2.0)
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variable b equal c_myTemp[0]
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variable b atom div(mult(x<B></B>,y<B></B>),vol)
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variable temp world 300.0 310.0 320.0 330.0
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variable x universe 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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variable x uloop 15
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</PRE>
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<P><B>Description:</B>
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</P>
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<P>This command assigns one or more strings to a variable name.
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Variables can be used in several ways in LAMMPS. A variable can be
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referenced elsewhere in an input script. For variable styles that
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store multiple strings, the <A HREF = "next.html">next</A> command can be used to
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increment which string is assigned to the variable. Variables can be
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evaluated to produce a numeric value which can be output either
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directly (see the <A HREF = "print.html">print</A>, <A HREF = "fix_print.html">fix print</A>, and
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<A HREF = "run.html">run every</A> commands) or as part of thermodynamic output (see
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the <A HREF = "thermo_style.html">thermo_style</A> command), fix output (see the
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<A HREF = "fix_ave_spatial.html">fix ave/spatial</A> and <A HREF = "compute_variable_atom.html">compute
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variable/atom</A> commands), or dump output
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(see the <A HREF = "dump.html">dump custom</A> and <A HREF = "compute_variable_atom.html">compute
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variable/atom</A> commands).
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</P>
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<P>In the discussion that follows, the "name" of the variable is the
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arbitrary string that is the 1st argument in the variable command.
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The "string" is one of the subsequent arguments. The "value" is the
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numeric quantity resulting from evaluation of the string. Note that
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the same string can generate different values when it is evaluated at
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different times during a simulation.
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</P>
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<P>IMPORTANT NOTE: When a variable command is encountered in the input
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script and the variable name has already been specified, the command
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is ignored. This means variables can NOT be re-defined in an input
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script. This is to allow an input script to be processed multiple
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times without resetting the variables; see the <A HREF = "jump.html">jump</A> or
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<A HREF = "include.html">include</A> commands. It also means that using a
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command-line switch -var will override a corresponding variable
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setting in the input script.
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</P>
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<P>There is one exception to this rule. As described below, if a
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variable is iterated on to the end of its list of strings via the
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<A HREF = "next.html">next</A> command, it is available to be re-defined in a
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subsequent variable command.
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</P>
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<HR>
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<P><A HREF = "Section_commands.html#3_2">This section</A> of the manual explains how
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occurrences of a variable name in an input script line are replaced by
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the variable's string. The variable name can be referenced as $x if
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the name "x" is a single character, or as ${LoopVar} if the name
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"LoopVar" is one or more characters.
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</P>
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<P>As described below, for variable styles <I>index</I>, <I>loop</I>, <I>universe</I>,
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and <I>uloop</I>, the string assigned to a variable can be incremented via
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the <A HREF = "next.html">next</A> command. When there are no more strings to
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assign, the variable is "exhausted" and a flag is set that causes the
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next <A HREF = "jump.html">jump</A> command encountered in the input script to be
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skipped. This enables the construction of simple loops in the input
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script that are iterated over and exited from.
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</P>
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<HR>
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<P>For the <I>index</I> style, one or more strings are specified. Initially,
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the 1st string is assigned to the variable. Each time a
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<A HREF = "next.html">next</A> command is used with the variable name, the next
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string is assigned. All processors assign the same string to the
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variable.
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</P>
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<P>The <I>loop</I> style is identical to the <I>index</I> style except that the
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strings are the integers from 1 to N. This allows generation of a
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long list of runs (e.g. 1000) without having to list N strings in the
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input script. Initially, the string "1" is assigned to the variable.
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Each time a <A HREF = "next.html">next</A> command is used with the variable name,
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the next string ("2", "3", etc) is assigned. All processors assign
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the same string to the variable.
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</P>
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<P>For the <I>world</I> style, one or more strings are specified. There must
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be one string for each processor partition or "world". See <A HREF = "Section_start.html#2_6">this
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section</A> of the manual for information on
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running LAMMPS with multiple partitions via the "-partition"
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command-line switch. This variable command assigns one string to each
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world. All processors in the world are assigned the same string. The
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next command cannot be used with <I>equal</I> style variables, since there
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is only one value per world. This style of variable is useful when
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you wish to run different simulations on different partitions, or when
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performing a parallel tempering simulation (see the
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<A HREF = "temper.html">temper</A> command), to assign different temperatures to
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different partitions.
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</P>
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<P>For the <I>universe</I> style, one or more strings are specified. There
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must be at least as many strings as there are processor partitions or
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"worlds". See <A HREF = "Section_start.html#2_6">this page</A> for information on
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running LAMMPS with multiple partitions via the "-partition"
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command-line switch. This variable command initially assigns one
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string to each world. When a <A HREF = "next.html">next</A> command is encountered
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using this variable, the first processor partition to encounter it, is
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assigned the next available string. This continues until all the
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variable strings are consumed. Thus, this command can be used to run
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50 simulations on 8 processor partitions. The simulations will be run
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one after the other on whatever partition becomes available, until
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they are all finished. <I>Universe</I> style variables are incremented
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using the files "tmp.lammps.variable" and "tmp.lammps.variable.lock"
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which you will see in your directory during such a LAMMPS run.
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</P>
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<P>The <I>uloop</I> style is identical to the <I>universe</I> style except that the
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strings are the integers from 1 to N. This allows generation of long
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list of runs (e.g. 1000) without having to list N strings in the input
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script.
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</P>
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<HR>
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<P>For the <I>equal</I> and <I>atom</I> styles, a single string is specified which
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represents an equation that will be evaluated afresh each time the
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variable is used. For <I>equal</I> style variables this equation computes
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a scalar quantity, which becomes the value of the variable whenever it
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is evaluated. For <I>atom</I> style variables it computes a quantity for
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each atom, which is used by the "compute variable/atom" command and
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its associated output.
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</P>
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<P>Note that <I>equal</I> and <I>atom</I> variables can produce different values at
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different stages of the input script or at different times during a
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run. For example, if an <I>equal</I> variable is used in a <A HREF = "fix_print.html">fix
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print</A> command, different values could be printed each
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timestep it was invoked.
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</P>
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<P><I>Equal</I> style variables can also be set by using the command-line
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switch -var; see <A HREF = "Section_start.html#2_6">this section</A> for details.
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</P>
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<P>The next command cannot be used with <I>equal</I> or <I>atom</I> style
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variables, since there is only one string.
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</P>
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<P>The equation for an <I>equal</I> or <I>atom</I> variable can contain a variety
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of quantities. The syntax for each kind of quantity is simple, but
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multiple quantities can be nested and combined in various ways to
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build up formulas of arbitrary complexity. For example, this is a
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valid (though strange) variable equation:
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</P>
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<PRE>variable x equal div(add(pe,c_MyTemp[0]),pow(vol,div(1,3)))
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</PRE>
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<P>Specifically, an equation can contain numbers, thermo keywords, math
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functions, group functions, atom vectors, compute references, and
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other variables. There is one difference between <I>equal</I> and <I>atom</I>
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variables; the syntax of Atom vector references is different.
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</P>
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<DIV ALIGN=center><TABLE WIDTH="0%" BORDER=1 >
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<TR><TD >Number</TD><TD > 0.2, 1.0e20, -15.4, etc</TD></TR>
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<TR><TD >Thermo keywords</TD><TD > vol, pe, ebond, etc</TD></TR>
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<TR><TD >Math functions</TD><TD > add(x,y), sub(x,y), mult(x,y), div(x,y), neg(x), pow(x,y), exp(x), ln(x), sqrt(x)</TD></TR>
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<TR><TD >Group functions</TD><TD > mass(ID), charge(ID), xcm(ID,dim), vcm(ID,dim), fcm(ID,dim) bound(ID,dir), gyration(ID)</TD></TR>
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<TR><TD >Atom vectors for <I>equal</I></TD><TD > mass[N], x[N], y[N], z[N], vx[N], vy[N], vz[N], fx[N], fy[N], fz[N]</TD></TR>
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<TR><TD >Atom vectors for <I>atom</I></TD><TD > mass[], x[], y[], z[], vx[], vy[], vz[], fx[], fy[], fz[]</TD></TR>
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<TR><TD >Compute references</TD><TD > c_ID[0], c_ID[N]</TD></TR>
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<TR><TD >Other variables</TD><TD > v_abc, v_x, etc
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</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
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<P>The thermo keywords allowed in the equation are those defined by the
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"thermo_style custom" command. Note that many thermodyanmic
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quantities are only computable after the first simulation has begun.
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Likewise, many thermodynamic quantities (such as energies) are only
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computed on timesteps when thermodyanmic output is being performed.
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If the variable equation these quantities at other times, out-of-date
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or invalid values may be used.
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</P>
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<P>Math functions take one or two arguments, each of which may be an
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equation containing any of the quantities defined above. This allows
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equations to be nested, as in the examples above.
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</P>
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<P>Group functions take one or two arguments. The first argument is the
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group-ID. The <I>dim</I> argument is <I>x</I> or <I>y</I> or <I>z</I>. The <I>dir</I>
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argument is <I>xmin</I>, <I>xmax</I>, <I>ymin</I>, <I>ymax</I>, <I>zmin</I>, or <I>zmax</I>. The
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group functions mass() and charge() are the total mass and charge of
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the group of atoms. Xcm() and vcm() return components of the position
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and velocity of the center of mass of the group. Fcm() returns a
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component of the total force on the group of atoms. Bound() returns
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the min/max of a particular coordinate for all atoms in the group.
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Gyration() computes the radius-of-gyration of the group of atoms. See
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the <A HREF = "fix_gyration.html">fix gyration</A> command for the formula.
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</P>
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<P>For <I>equal</I> style variables, atom vectors take a single integer
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argument from 1-N, which is the desired atom-ID, e.g. x[243]. For
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<I>atom</I> style variables, atom vectors take no argument. Since <I>atom</I>
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style variables compute one value per atom, a reference like x[]
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means the x-coord of each atom will be used when evaluating the
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variable.
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</P>
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<P>Compute references access scalar or vector quantities calculated by a
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<A HREF = "compute.html">compute</A>. The ID in the reference should be replaced by
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the actual ID of the compute defined elsewhere in the input script.
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See the <A HREF = "compute.html">compute</A> command for details. Note that
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per-atom quantities calculated by a compute cannot be accessed this
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way, but only global scalar or vector quantities.
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</P>
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<P>If <I>c_ID[0]</I> is used as a keyword, then the scalar quantity
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calculated by the compute is printed. If <I>c_ID[N]</I> is used, then N
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in the range from 1-M will print the Mth component of the N-length
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vector calculated by the compute.
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</P>
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<P>The current values of other variables can be accessed by prepending a
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"v_" to the variable name. This will cause the other variable to be
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evaulated. Note that if you do something circular like this:
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</P>
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<PRE>variable a equal v_b
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variable b equal v_a
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print $a
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</PRE>
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<P>then LAMMPS will run for a while when the print statement is invoked.
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</P>
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<P>Note that there is a subtle difference between using a variable in a
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<I>equal</I> or <I>atom</I> style equation in the form $x versus v_x.
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</P>
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<P>In the former case, as with any other input script command, the
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variable's value is substituted for immediately when the line is read
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from the input script. Thus if the current simulation box volume was
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1000.0, then these lines:
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</P>
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<PRE>variable x equal vol
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variable y equal mult($x,2)
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</PRE>
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<P>would associate the equation string "mult(1000.0,2)" with variable y.
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</P>
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<P>By contrast, these lines:
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</P>
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<PRE>variable x equal vol
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variable y equal mult(v_x,2)
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</PRE>
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<P>would associate the equation string "mult(v_x,2)" with variable y.
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</P>
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<P>Thus if the variable y were evaluated periodically during a run where
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the box volume changed, the resulting value would always be 2000.0 for
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the first case, but would change dynamically for the second case.
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</P>
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<HR>
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<P><B>Restrictions:</B>
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</P>
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<P>The use of atom vectors in <I>equal</I> style variables requires the atom
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style to use a global mapping in order to look up the vector indices.
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Only atom styles with molecular information create global maps unless
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the <A HREF = "atom_modify.html">atom_modify map</A> command is used.
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</P>
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<P><B>Related commands:</B>
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</P>
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<P><A HREF = "next.html">next</A>, <A HREF = "jump.html">jump</A>, <A HREF = "include.html">include</A>,
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<A HREF = "temper.html">temper</A>, <A HREF = "fix_print.html">fix print</A>, <A HREF = "print.html">print</A>
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</P>
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<P><B>Default:</B> none
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</P>
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</HTML>
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