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Axel Kohlmeyer 2016-09-08 17:41:46 -04:00
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</div> </div>
<div class="section" id="pair-style-vashishta-omp-command"> <div class="section" id="pair-style-vashishta-omp-command">
<h1>pair_style vashishta/omp command</h1> <h1>pair_style vashishta/omp command</h1>
</div>
<div class="section" id="pair-style-vashishta-table-command">
<h1>pair_style vashishta/table command</h1>
</div>
<div class="section" id="pair-style-vashishta-table-omp-command">
<h1>pair_style vashishta/table/omp command</h1>
<div class="section" id="syntax"> <div class="section" id="syntax">
<h2>Syntax</h2> <h2>Syntax</h2>
<pre class="literal-block"> <pre class="literal-block">
pair_style vashishta pair_style style args
</pre>
<ul class="simple">
<li>style = <em>vashishta</em> or <em>vashishta/table</em> or <em>vashishta/omp</em> or <em>vashishta/table/omp</em></li>
<li>args = list of arguments for a particular style</li>
</ul>
<pre class="literal-block">
<em>vashishta</em> args = none
<em>vashishta/omp</em> args = none
<em>vashishta/table</em> args = Ntable cutinner
Ntable = # of tabulation points
cutinner = tablulate from cutinner to cutoff
<em>vashishta/table/omp</em> args = Ntable cutinner
Ntable = # of tabulation points
cutinner = tablulate from cutinner to cutoff
</pre> </pre>
</div> </div>
<div class="section" id="examples"> <div class="section" id="examples">
@ -141,17 +161,20 @@ pair_style vashishta
pair_style vashishta pair_style vashishta
pair_coeff * * SiC.vashishta Si C pair_coeff * * SiC.vashishta Si C
</pre> </pre>
<pre class="literal-block">
pair_style vashishta/table 100000 0.2
pair_coeff * * SiC.vashishta Si C
</pre>
</div> </div>
<div class="section" id="description"> <div class="section" id="description">
<h2>Description</h2> <h2>Description</h2>
<p>The <em>vashishta</em> style computes the combined 2-body and 3-body <p>The <em>vashishta</em> and <em>vashishta/table</em> styles compute the combined
family of potentials developed in the group of Vashishta and 2-body and 3-body family of potentials developed in the group of
co-workers. By combining repulsive, screened Coulombic, Vashishta and co-workers. By combining repulsive, screened Coulombic,
screened charge-dipole, and dispersion interactions with a screened charge-dipole, and dispersion interactions with a bond-angle
bond-angle energy based on the Stillinger-Weber potential, energy based on the Stillinger-Weber potential, this potential has
this potential has been used to describe a variety of inorganic been used to describe a variety of inorganic compounds, including SiO2
compounds, including SiO2 <a class="reference internal" href="#vashishta1990"><span class="std std-ref">Vashishta1990</span></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#vashishta1990"><span class="std std-ref">Vashishta1990</span></a>, SiC <a class="reference internal" href="#vashishta2007"><span class="std std-ref">Vashishta2007</span></a>,
SiC <a class="reference internal" href="#vashishta2007"><span class="std std-ref">Vashishta2007</span></a>,
and InP <a class="reference internal" href="#branicio2009"><span class="std std-ref">Branicio2009</span></a>.</p> and InP <a class="reference internal" href="#branicio2009"><span class="std std-ref">Branicio2009</span></a>.</p>
<p>The potential for the energy U of a system of atoms is</p> <p>The potential for the energy U of a system of atoms is</p>
<img alt="_images/pair_vashishta.jpg" class="align-center" src="_images/pair_vashishta.jpg" /> <img alt="_images/pair_vashishta.jpg" class="align-center" src="_images/pair_vashishta.jpg" />
@ -163,10 +186,20 @@ tilted by a linear function so that the energy and force are
both zero at <em>rc</em>. The summation over three-body terms both zero at <em>rc</em>. The summation over three-body terms
is over all neighbors J and K within a cut-off distance = <em>r0</em>, is over all neighbors J and K within a cut-off distance = <em>r0</em>,
where the exponential screening function becomes zero.</p> where the exponential screening function becomes zero.</p>
<p>Only a single pair_coeff command is used with the <em>vashishta</em> style which <p>The <em>vashishta</em> style computes these formulas analytically. The
specifies a Vashishta potential file with parameters for all <em>vashishta/table</em> style tabulates the analytic values for <em>Ntable</em>
needed elements. These are mapped to LAMMPS atom types by specifying points from cutinner to the cutoff of the potential. The points are
N additional arguments after the filename in the pair_coeff command, equally spaced in R^2 space from cutinner^2 to cutoff^2. For the
two-body term in the above equation, a linear interpolation for each
pairwise distance between adjacent points in the table. In practice
the tabulated version can run 3-5x faster than the analytic version
with with moderate to little loss of accuracy for Ntable values
between 10000 and 1000000. It is not recommended to use less than
5000 tabulation points.</p>
<p>Only a single pair_coeff command is used with either style which
specifies a Vashishta potential file with parameters for all needed
elements. These are mapped to LAMMPS atom types by specifying N
additional arguments after the filename in the pair_coeff command,
where N is the number of LAMMPS atom types:</p> where N is the number of LAMMPS atom types:</p>
<ul class="simple"> <ul class="simple">
<li>filename</li> <li>filename</li>
@ -213,56 +246,49 @@ and three-body coefficients in the formulae above:</p>
<li>C</li> <li>C</li>
<li>costheta0</li> <li>costheta0</li>
</ul> </ul>
<p>The non-annotated parameters are unitless. <p>The non-annotated parameters are unitless. The Vashishta potential
The Vashishta potential file must contain entries for all the file must contain entries for all the elements listed in the
elements listed in the pair_coeff command. It can also contain pair_coeff command. It can also contain entries for additional
entries for additional elements not being used in a particular elements not being used in a particular simulation; LAMMPS ignores
simulation; LAMMPS ignores those entries. those entries. For a single-element simulation, only a single entry
For a single-element simulation, only a single entry is required is required (e.g. SiSiSi). For a two-element simulation, the file
(e.g. SiSiSi). For a two-element simulation, the file must contain 8 must contain 8 entries (for SiSiSi, SiSiC, SiCSi, SiCC, CSiSi, CSiC,
entries (for SiSiSi, SiSiC, SiCSi, SiCC, CSiSi, CSiC, CCSi, CCC), that CCSi, CCC), that specify parameters for all permutations of the two
specify parameters for all permutations of the two elements elements interacting in three-body configurations. Thus for 3
interacting in three-body configurations. Thus for 3 elements, 27 elements, 27 entries would be required, etc.</p>
entries would be required, etc.</p> <p>Depending on the particular version of the Vashishta potential, the
<p>Depending on the particular version of the Vashishta potential, values of these parameters may be keyed to the identities of zero,
the values of these parameters may be keyed to the identities of one, two, or three elements. In order to make the input file format
zero, one, two, or three elements. unambiguous, general, and simple to code, LAMMPS uses a slightly
In order to make the input file format unambiguous, general, confusing method for specifying parameters. All parameters are
and simple to code, divided into two classes: two-body and three-body. Two-body and
LAMMPS uses a slightly confusing method for specifying parameters. three-body parameters are handled differently, as described below.
All parameters are divided into two classes: two-body and three-body. The two-body parameters are H, eta, lambda1, D, lambda4, W, rc, gamma,
Two-body and three-body parameters are handled differently, and r0. They appear in the above formulae with two subscripts. The
as described below. parameters Zi and Zj are also classified as two-body parameters, even
The two-body parameters are H, eta, lambda1, D, lambda4, W, rc, gamma, and r0. though they only have 1 subscript. The three-body parameters are B,
They appear in the above formulae with two subscripts. C, costheta0. They appear in the above formulae with three
The parameters Zi and Zj are also classified as two-body parameters, subscripts. Two-body and three-body parameters are handled
even though they only have 1 subscript. differently, as described below.</p>
The three-body parameters are B, C, costheta0. <p>The first element in each entry is the center atom in a three-body
They appear in the above formulae with three subscripts. interaction, while the second and third elements are two neighbor
Two-body and three-body parameters are handled differently, atoms. Three-body parameters for a central atom I and two neighbors J
as described below.</p> and K are taken from the IJK entry. Note that even though three-body
<p>The first element in each entry is the center atom parameters do not depend on the order of J and K, LAMMPS stores
in a three-body interaction, while the second and third elements three-body parameters for both IJK and IKJ. The user must ensure that
are two neighbor atoms. Three-body parameters for a central atom I these values are equal. Two-body parameters for an atom I interacting
and two neighbors J and K are taken from the IJK entry. with atom J are taken from the IJJ entry, where the 2nd and 3rd
Note that even though three-body parameters do not depend on the order of elements are the same. Thus the two-body parameters for Si interacting
J and K, LAMMPS stores three-body parameters for both IJK and IKJ. with C come from the SiCC entry. Note that even though two-body
The user must ensure that these values are equal. parameters (except possibly gamma and r0 in U3) do not depend on the
Two-body parameters for an atom I interacting with atom J are taken from order of the two elements, LAMMPS will get the Si-C value from the
the IJJ entry, where the 2nd and 3rd SiCC entry and the C-Si value from the CSiSi entry. The user must
elements are the same. Thus the two-body parameters ensure that these values are equal. Two-body parameters appearing in
for Si interacting with C come from the SiCC entry. Note that even entries where the 2nd and 3rd elements are different are stored but
though two-body parameters (except possibly gamma and r0 in U3) never used. It is good practice to enter zero for these values. Note
do not depend on the order of the two elements, that the three-body function U3 above contains the two-body parameters
LAMMPS will get the Si-C value from the SiCC entry gamma and r0. So U3 for a central C atom bonded to an Si atom and a
and the C-Si value from the CSiSi entry. The user must ensure second C atom will take three-body parameters from the CSiC entry, but
that these values are equal. Two-body parameters appearing
in entries where the 2nd and 3rd elements are different are
stored but never used. It is good practice to enter zero for
these values. Note that the three-body function U3 above
contains the two-body parameters gamma and r0. So U3 for a
central C atom bonded to an Si atom and a second C atom
will take three-body parameters from the CSiC entry, but
two-body parameters from the CCC and CSiSi entries.</p> two-body parameters from the CCC and CSiSi entries.</p>
<hr class="docutils" /> <hr class="docutils" />
<p>Styles with a <em>gpu</em>, <em>intel</em>, <em>kk</em>, <em>omp</em>, or <em>opt</em> suffix are <p>Styles with a <em>gpu</em>, <em>intel</em>, <em>kk</em>, <em>omp</em>, or <em>opt</em> suffix are
@ -302,20 +328,23 @@ if LAMMPS was built with that package (which it is by default). See
the <a class="reference internal" href="Section_start.html#start-3"><span class="std std-ref">Making LAMMPS</span></a> section for more info.</p> the <a class="reference internal" href="Section_start.html#start-3"><span class="std std-ref">Making LAMMPS</span></a> section for more info.</p>
<p>This pair style requires the <a class="reference internal" href="newton.html"><span class="doc">newton</span></a> setting to be &#8220;on&#8221; <p>This pair style requires the <a class="reference internal" href="newton.html"><span class="doc">newton</span></a> setting to be &#8220;on&#8221;
for pair interactions.</p> for pair interactions.</p>
<p>The Vashishta potential files provided with LAMMPS (see the <p>The Vashishta potential files provided with LAMMPS (see the potentials
potentials directory) are parameterized for metal <a class="reference internal" href="units.html"><span class="doc">units</span></a>. directory) are parameterized for metal <a class="reference internal" href="units.html"><span class="doc">units</span></a>. You can
You can use the Vashishta potential with any LAMMPS units, but you would need use the Vashishta potential with any LAMMPS units, but you would need
to create your own Vashishta potential file with coefficients listed in the to create your own Vashishta potential file with coefficients listed
appropriate units if your simulation doesn&#8217;t use &#8220;metal&#8221; units.</p> in the appropriate units if your simulation doesn&#8217;t use &#8220;metal&#8221; units.</p>
</div> </div>
<div class="section" id="related-commands"> <div class="section" id="related-commands">
<h2>Related commands</h2> <h2>Related commands</h2>
<p><a class="reference internal" href="pair_coeff.html"><span class="doc">pair_coeff</span></a></p> <p><a class="reference internal" href="pair_coeff.html"><span class="doc">pair_coeff</span></a></p>
<p><strong>Default:</strong> none</p> <p><strong>Default:</strong> none</p>
<hr class="docutils" /> <hr class="docutils" />
<p id="vashishta1990"><strong>(Vashishta1990)</strong> P. Vashishta, R. K. Kalia, J. P. Rino, Phys. Rev. B 41, 12197 (1990).</p> <p id="vashishta1990"><strong>(Vashishta1990)</strong> P. Vashishta, R. K. Kalia, J. P. Rino, Phys. Rev. B
<p id="vashishta2007"><strong>(Vashishta2007)</strong> P. Vashishta, R. K. Kalia, A. Nakano, J. P. Rino. J. Appl. Phys. 101, 103515 (2007).</p> 41, 12197 (1990).</p>
<p id="branicio2009"><strong>(Branicio2009)</strong> Branicio, Rino, Gan and Tsuzuki, J. Phys Condensed Matter 21 (2009) 095002</p> <p id="vashishta2007"><strong>(Vashishta2007)</strong> P. Vashishta, R. K. Kalia, A. Nakano,
J. P. Rino. J. Appl. Phys. 101, 103515 (2007).</p>
<p id="branicio2009"><strong>(Branicio2009)</strong> Branicio, Rino, Gan and Tsuzuki, J. Phys Condensed
Matter 21 (2009) 095002</p>
</div> </div>
</div> </div>