2006-12-13 08:37:25 +08:00
< HTML >
< CENTER > < A HREF = "http://lammps.sandia.gov" > LAMMPS WWW Site< / A > - < A HREF = "Manual.html" > LAMMPS Documentation< / A > - < A HREF = "Section_commands.html#comm" > LAMMPS Commands< / A >
< / CENTER >
< HR >
< H3 > fix deposit command
< / H3 >
< P > < B > Syntax:< / B >
< / P >
< PRE > fix ID group-ID deposit N type M seed keyword values ...
< / PRE >
< UL > < LI > ID, group-ID are documented in < A HREF = "fix.html" > fix< / A > command
< LI > deposit = style name of this fix command
2013-12-17 08:22:24 +08:00
< LI > N = # of atoms or molecules to insert
2006-12-13 08:37:25 +08:00
2014-01-08 02:06:02 +08:00
< LI > type = atom type to assign to inserted atoms (offset for moleclue insertion)
2006-12-13 08:37:25 +08:00
2013-12-17 08:22:24 +08:00
< LI > M = insert a single atom or molecule every M steps
2006-12-13 08:37:25 +08:00
2007-10-10 07:40:45 +08:00
< LI > seed = random # seed (positive integer)
2006-12-13 08:37:25 +08:00
< LI > one or more keyword/value pairs may be appended to args
2014-01-08 02:31:26 +08:00
< LI > keyword = < I > region< / I > or < I > id< / I > or < I > global< / I > or < I > local< / I > or < I > near< / I > or < I > attempt< / I > or < I > rate< / I > or < I > vx< / I > or < I > vy< / I > or < I > vz< / I > or < I > mol< / I > or < I > rigid< / I > or < I > shake< / I > or < I > units< / I >
2006-12-13 08:37:25 +08:00
< PRE > < I > region< / I > value = region-ID
region-ID = ID of region to use as insertion volume
2013-04-24 06:53:17 +08:00
< I > id< / I > value = < I > max< / I > or < I > next< / I >
2013-12-17 08:22:24 +08:00
max = atom ID for new atom(s) is max ID of all current atoms plus one
next = atom ID for new atom(s) increments by one for every deposition
2006-12-13 08:37:25 +08:00
< I > global< / I > values = lo hi
2013-12-17 08:22:24 +08:00
lo,hi = put new atom/molecule a distance lo-hi above all other atoms (distance units)
2006-12-13 08:37:25 +08:00
< I > local< / I > values = lo hi delta
2013-12-17 08:22:24 +08:00
lo,hi = put new atom/molecule a distance lo-hi above any nearby atom beneath it (distance units)
2006-12-13 08:37:25 +08:00
delta = lateral distance within which a neighbor is considered "nearby" (distance units)
< I > near< / I > value = R
2013-12-17 08:22:24 +08:00
R = only insert atom/molecule if further than R from existing particles (distance units)
2006-12-13 08:37:25 +08:00
< I > attempt< / I > value = Q
Q = attempt a single insertion up to Q times
< I > rate< / I > value = V
V = z velocity (y in 2d) at which insertion volume moves (velocity units)
< I > vx< / I > values = vxlo vxhi
2013-12-17 08:22:24 +08:00
vxlo,vxhi = range of x velocities for inserted atom/molecule (velocity units)
2006-12-13 08:37:25 +08:00
< I > vy< / I > values = vylo vyhi
2013-12-17 08:22:24 +08:00
vylo,vyhi = range of y velocities for inserted atom/molecule (velocity units)
2006-12-13 08:37:25 +08:00
< I > vz< / I > values = vzlo vzhi
2013-12-17 08:22:24 +08:00
vzlo,vzhi = range of z velocities for inserted atom/molecule (velocity units)
2012-01-07 01:38:57 +08:00
< I > target< / I > values = tx ty tz
2013-12-17 08:22:24 +08:00
tx,ty,tz = location of target point (distance units)
2014-01-08 02:31:26 +08:00
< I > mol< / I > value = template-ID
template-ID = ID of molecule template specified in a separate < A HREF = "molecule.html" > molecule< / A > command
< I > rigid< / I > value = fix-ID
fix-ID = ID of < A HREF = "fix_rigid.html" > fix rigid/small< / A > command
< I > shake< / I > value = fix-ID
fix-ID = ID of < A HREF = "fix_shake.html" > fix shake< / A > command
2006-12-13 08:37:25 +08:00
< I > units< / I > value = < I > lattice< / I > or < I > box< / I >
lattice = the geometry is defined in lattice units
box = the geometry is defined in simulation box units
< / PRE >
< / UL >
< P > < B > Examples:< / B >
< / P >
< PRE > fix 3 all deposit 1000 2 100 29494 region myblock local 1.0 1.0 1.0 units box
2013-12-17 08:22:24 +08:00
fix 2 newatoms deposit 10000 1 500 12345 region disk near 2.0 vz -1.0 -0.8
fix 4 sputter deposit 1000 2 500 12235 region sphere vz -1.0 -1.0 target 5.0 5.0 0.0 units lattice
2012-01-07 01:38:57 +08:00
< / PRE >
2006-12-13 08:37:25 +08:00
< P > < B > Description:< / B >
< / P >
2013-12-17 08:22:24 +08:00
< P > Insert a single atom or molecule into the simulation domain every M
timesteps until N atoms or molecules have been inserted. This is
useful for simulating deposition onto a surface. For the remainder of
this doc page, a single inserted atom or molecule is referred to as a
"particle".
< / P >
< P > If inserted particles are individual atoms, they are assigned the
2014-01-08 02:06:02 +08:00
specified atom type. If they are molecules, the type of each atom in
the inserted molecule is specified in the file read by the
< A HREF = "molecule.html" > molecule< / A > command, and those values are added to the
specified atom type. E.g. if < I > type< / I > = 2, and the file specifies atom
types 1,2,3, then the inserted molecule will have atom types 3,4,5.
2006-12-13 08:37:25 +08:00
< / P >
2013-12-17 08:22:24 +08:00
< P > All atoms in the inserted particle are assigned to two groups: the
default group "all" and the group specified in the fix deposit command
(which can also be "all").
2006-12-13 08:37:25 +08:00
< / P >
< P > If you are computing temperature values which include inserted
2013-12-17 08:22:24 +08:00
particles, you will want to use the
< A HREF = "compute_modify.html" > compute_modify< / A > dynamic option, which insures the
current number of atoms is used as a normalizing factor each time the
temperature is computed.
2006-12-13 08:37:25 +08:00
< / P >
< P > Care must be taken that inserted particles are not too near existing
2013-12-17 08:22:24 +08:00
atoms, using the options described below. When inserting particles
above a surface in a non-periodic box (see the
2006-12-13 08:37:25 +08:00
< A HREF = "boundary.html" > boundary< / A > command), the possibility of a particle
escaping the surface and flying upward should be considered, since the
particle may be lost or the box size may grow infinitely large. A
< A HREF = "fix_wall_reflect.html" > fix wall/reflect< / A > command can be used to
prevent this behavior. Note that if a shrink-wrap boundary is used,
it is OK to insert the new particle outside the box, however the box
2012-01-07 01:38:57 +08:00
will immediately be expanded to include the new particle. When
2013-12-17 08:22:24 +08:00
simulating a sputtering experiment it is probably more realistic to
ignore those atoms using the < A HREF = "thermo_modify.html" > thermo_modify< / A >
command with the < I > lost ignore< / I > option and a fixed
< A HREF = "boundary.html" > boundary< / A > .
< / P >
< P > The fix deposit command must use the < I > region< / I > keyword to define an
insertion volume. The specified region must have been previously
defined with a < A HREF = "region.html" > region< / A > command. It must be defined with
side = < I > in< / I > .
< / P >
< P > Individual atoms are inserted, unless the < I > mol< / I > keyword is used. It
2013-12-19 02:19:59 +08:00
specifies a < I > template-ID< / I > previously defined using the
< A HREF = "molecule.html" > molecule< / A > command, which reads a file that defines the
2013-12-17 08:22:24 +08:00
molecule. The coordinates, atom types, charges, etc, as well as any
2014-01-09 04:38:18 +08:00
bond/angle/etc and special neighbor information for the molecule can
be specified in the molecule file. See the < A HREF = "molecule.html" > molecule< / A >
command for details. The only settings required to be in this file
are the coordinates and types of atoms in the molecule.
2013-12-17 08:22:24 +08:00
< / P >
2014-01-08 02:06:02 +08:00
< P > If you wish to insert molecules via the < I > mol< / I > keyword, that will be
treated as rigid bodies, use the < I > rigid< / I > keyword, specifying as its
value the ID of a separate < A HREF = "fix_rigid_small.html" > fix rigid/small< / A >
command which also appears in your input script.
< / P >
2014-01-08 02:31:26 +08:00
< P > If you wish to insert molecules via the < I > mol< / I > keyword, that will have
their bonds or angles constrained via SHAKE, use the < I > shake< / I > keyword,
specifying as its value the ID of a separate < A HREF = "fix_shake.html" > fix
shake< / A > command which also appears in your input script.
< / P >
2013-12-17 08:22:24 +08:00
< P > Each timestep a particle is inserted, the coordinates for its atoms
are chosen as follows. For insertion of individual atoms, the
"position" referred to in the following description is the coordinate
of the atom. For insertion of molecule, the "position< A HREF = "molecule.html" > is the
geometric center of the molecule; see the (molecule< / A > doc
page for details. A random rotation of the molecule around its center
point is performed, which determines the coordinates all the
individual atoms.
< / P >
< P > A random position within the region insertion volume is generated. If
neither the < I > global< / I > or < I > local< / I > keyword is used, the random position
2006-12-13 08:37:25 +08:00
is the trial position. If the < I > global< / I > keyword is used, the random
x,y values are used, but the z position of the new particle is set
above the highest current atom in the simulation by a distance
randomly chosen between lo/hi. (For a 2d simulation, this is done for
the y position.) If the < I > local< / I > keyword is used, the z position is
set a distance between lo/hi above the highest current atom in the
simulation that is "nearby" the chosen x,y position. In this context,
"nearby" means the lateral distance (in x,y) between the new and old
2013-12-17 08:22:24 +08:00
particles is less than the < I > delta< / I > setting.
< / P >
< P > Once a trial x,y,z position has been selected, the insertion is only
performed if no current atom in the simulation is within a distance R
2014-01-07 08:56:09 +08:00
of any atom in the new particle, including the effect of periodic
boundary conditions if applicable. Note that the default value for R
is 0.0, which will allow atoms to strongly overlap if you are
inserting where other atoms are present. This distance test is
performed independently for each atom in an inserted molecule, based
on the randomly rotated configuration of the molecule. If this test
fails, a new random position within the insertion volume is chosen and
another trial is made. Up to Q attempts are made. If the particle is
not successfully inserted, LAMMPS prints a warning message.
2006-12-13 08:37:25 +08:00
< / P >
< P > The < I > rate< / I > option moves the insertion volume in the z direction (3d)
or y direction (2d). This enables particles to be inserted from a
successively higher height over time. Note that this parameter is
ignored if the < I > global< / I > or < I > local< / I > keywords are used, since those
options choose a z-coordinate for insertion independently.
< / P >
< P > The vx, vy, and vz components of velocity for the inserted particle
are set using the values specified for the < I > vx< / I > , < I > vy< / I > , and < I > vz< / I >
keywords. Note that normally, new particles should be a assigned a
2013-12-17 08:22:24 +08:00
negative vertical velocity so that they move towards the surface. For
molecules, the same velocity is given to every particle (no rotation
or bond vibration).
< / P >
< P > If the < I > target< / I > option is used, the velocity vector of the inserted
particle is changed so that it points from the insertion position
towards the specified target point. The magnitude of the velocity is
unchanged. This can be useful, for example, for simulating a
sputtering process. E.g. the target point can be far away, so that
all incident particles strike the surface as if they are in an
incident beam of particles at a prescribed angle.
< / P >
< P > The < I > id< / I > keyword determines how atom IDs and molecule IDs are assigned
to newly deposited particles. Molecule IDs are only assigned if
molecules are being inserted. For the < I > max< / I > setting, the atom and
molecule IDs of all current atoms are checked. Atoms in the new
particle are assigned IDs starting with the current maximum plus one.
If a molecule is inserted it is assigned an ID = current maximum plus
one. This means that if particles leave the system, the new IDs may
replace the lost ones. For the < I > next< / I > setting, the maximum ID of any
atom and molecule is stored at the time the fix is defined. Each time
a new particle is added, this value is incremented to assign IDs to
the new atom(s) or molecule. Thus atom and molecule IDs for deposited
particles will be consecutive even if particles leave the system over
time.
2013-04-24 06:53:17 +08:00
< / P >
2006-12-13 08:37:25 +08:00
< P > The < I > units< / I > keyword determines the meaning of the distance units used
for the other deposition parameters. A < I > box< / I > value selects standard
distance units as defined by the < A HREF = "units.html" > units< / A > command,
e.g. Angstroms for units = real or metal. A < I > lattice< / I > value means the
distance units are in lattice spacings. The < A HREF = "lattice.html" > lattice< / A >
command must have been previously used to define the lattice spacing.
Note that the units choice affects all the keyword values that have
units of distance or velocity.
< / P >
2007-10-11 06:28:11 +08:00
< P > < B > Restart, fix_modify, output, run start/stop, minimize info:< / B >
2007-06-26 08:03:39 +08:00
< / P >
2007-10-13 01:37:26 +08:00
< P > This fix writes the state of the deposition to < A HREF = "restart.html" > binary restart
2013-12-17 08:22:24 +08:00
files< / A > . This includes information about how many
particles have been depositied, the random number generator seed, the
next timestep for deposition, etc. See the
2007-10-13 01:37:26 +08:00
< A HREF = "read_restart.html" > read_restart< / A > command for info on how to re-specify
a fix in an input script that reads a restart file, so that the
operation of the fix continues in an uninterrupted fashion.
2007-06-26 08:03:39 +08:00
< / P >
< P > None of the < A HREF = "fix_modify.html" > fix_modify< / A > options are relevant to this
2010-04-03 00:51:06 +08:00
fix. No global or per-atom quantities are stored by this fix for
2011-08-26 01:01:01 +08:00
access by various < A HREF = "Section_howto.html#howto_15" > output commands< / A > . No
2010-04-03 00:51:06 +08:00
parameter of this fix can be used with the < I > start/stop< / I > keywords of
the < A HREF = "run.html" > run< / A > command. This fix is not invoked during < A HREF = "minimize.html" > energy
minimization< / A > .
2007-06-26 08:03:39 +08:00
< / P >
2010-01-12 05:17:23 +08:00
< P > < B > Restrictions:< / B >
< / P >
2014-01-08 04:59:37 +08:00
< P > This fix is part of the MISC package. It is only enabled if LAMMPS
was built with that package. See the < A HREF = "Section_start.html#start_3" > Making
LAMMPS< / A > section for more info.
< / P >
2010-01-12 05:17:23 +08:00
< P > The specified insertion region cannot be a "dynamic" region, as
defined by the < A HREF = "region.html" > region< / A > command.
2006-12-13 08:37:25 +08:00
< / P >
< P > < B > Related commands:< / B >
< / P >
< P > < A HREF = "fix_pour.html" > fix_pour< / A > , < A HREF = "region.html" > region< / A >
< / P >
< P > < B > Default:< / B >
< / P >
2013-12-17 08:22:24 +08:00
< P > Insertions are performed for individual atoms, i.e. no < I > mol< / I > setting
is defined. Additional option defaults are id = max, delta = 0.0,
near = 0.0, attempt = 10, rate = 0.0, vx = 0.0 0.0, vy = 0.0 0.0, vz =
0.0 0.0, and units = lattice.
2006-12-13 08:37:25 +08:00
< / P >
< / HTML >
