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<div class="section" id="pair-style-command">
<span id="index-0"></span><h1>pair_style command</h1>
<div class="section" id="syntax">
<h2>Syntax</h2>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">pair_style</span> <span class="n">style</span> <span class="n">args</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<ul class="simple">
<li>style = one of the styles from the list below</li>
<li>args = arguments used by a particular style</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="examples">
<h2>Examples</h2>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">pair_style</span> <span class="n">lj</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">cut</span> <span class="mf">2.5</span>
<span class="n">pair_style</span> <span class="n">eam</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">alloy</span>
<span class="n">pair_style</span> <span class="n">hybrid</span> <span class="n">lj</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">charmm</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">coul</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">long</span> <span class="mf">10.0</span> <span class="n">eam</span>
<span class="n">pair_style</span> <span class="n">table</span> <span class="n">linear</span> <span class="mi">1000</span>
<span class="n">pair_style</span> <span class="n">none</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="description">
<h2>Description</h2>
<p>Set the formula(s) LAMMPS uses to compute pairwise interactions. In
LAMMPS, pair potentials are defined between pairs of atoms that are
within a cutoff distance and the set of active interactions typically
changes over time. See the <a class="reference internal" href="bond_style.html"><span class="doc">bond_style</span></a> command to
define potentials between pairs of bonded atoms, which typically
remain in place for the duration of a simulation.</p>
<p>In LAMMPS, pairwise force fields encompass a variety of interactions,
some of which include many-body effects, e.g. EAM, Stillinger-Weber,
Tersoff, REBO potentials. They are still classified as &#8220;pairwise&#8221;
potentials because the set of interacting atoms changes with time
(unlike molecular bonds) and thus a neighbor list is used to find
nearby interacting atoms.</p>
<p>Hybrid models where specified pairs of atom types interact via
different pair potentials can be setup using the <em>hybrid</em> pair style.</p>
<p>The coefficients associated with a pair style are typically set for
each pair of atom types, and are specified by the
<a class="reference internal" href="pair_coeff.html"><span class="doc">pair_coeff</span></a> command or read from a file by the
<a class="reference internal" href="read_data.html"><span class="doc">read_data</span></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="read_restart.html"><span class="doc">read_restart</span></a>
commands.</p>
<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="pair_modify.html"><span class="doc">pair_modify</span></a> command sets options for mixing of
type I-J interaction coefficients and adding energy offsets or tail
corrections to Lennard-Jones potentials. Details on these options as
they pertain to individual potentials are described on the doc page
for the potential. Likewise, info on whether the potential
information is stored in a <a class="reference internal" href="write_restart.html"><span class="doc">restart file</span></a> is listed
on the potential doc page.</p>
<p>In the formulas listed for each pair style, <em>E</em> is the energy of a
pairwise interaction between two atoms separated by a distance <em>r</em>.
The force between the atoms is the negative derivative of this
expression.</p>
<p>If the pair_style command has a cutoff argument, it sets global
cutoffs for all pairs of atom types. The distance(s) can be smaller
or larger than the dimensions of the simulation box.</p>
<p>Typically, the global cutoff value can be overridden for a specific
pair of atom types by the <a class="reference internal" href="pair_coeff.html"><span class="doc">pair_coeff</span></a> command. The
pair style settings (including global cutoffs) can be changed by a
subsequent pair_style command using the same style. This will reset
the cutoffs for all atom type pairs, including those previously set
explicitly by a <a class="reference internal" href="pair_coeff.html"><span class="doc">pair_coeff</span></a> command. The exceptions
to this are that pair_style <em>table</em> and <em>hybrid</em> settings cannot be
reset. A new pair_style command for these styles will wipe out all
previously specified pair_coeff values.</p>
<hr class="docutils" />
<p>Here is an alphabetic list of pair styles defined in LAMMPS. They are
also given in more compact form in the pair section of <a class="reference internal" href="Section_commands.html#cmd-5"><span class="std std-ref">this page</span></a>.</p>
<p>Click on the style to display the formula it computes, arguments
specified in the pair_style command, and coefficients specified by the
associated <a class="reference internal" href="pair_coeff.html"><span class="doc">pair_coeff</span></a> command.</p>
<p>There are also additional pair styles (not listed here) submitted by
users which are included in the LAMMPS distribution. The list of
these with links to the individual styles are given in the pair
section of <a class="reference internal" href="Section_commands.html#cmd-5"><span class="std std-ref">this page</span></a>.</p>
<p>There are also additional accelerated pair styles (not listed here)
included in the LAMMPS distribution for faster performance on CPUs and
GPUs. The list of these with links to the individual styles are given
in the pair section of <a class="reference internal" href="Section_commands.html#cmd-5"><span class="std std-ref">this page</span></a>.</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_none.html"><span class="doc">pair_style none</span></a> - turn off pairwise interactions</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_hybrid.html"><span class="doc">pair_style hybrid</span></a> - multiple styles of pairwise interactions</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_hybrid.html"><span class="doc">pair_style hybrid/overlay</span></a> - multiple styles of superposed pairwise interactions</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_zero.html"><span class="doc">pair_style zero</span></a> - neighbor list but no interactions</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_adp.html"><span class="doc">pair_style adp</span></a> - angular dependent potential (ADP) of Mishin</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_airebo.html"><span class="doc">pair_style airebo</span></a> - AIREBO potential of Stuart</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_airebo.html"><span class="doc">pair_style airebo/morse</span></a> - AIREBO with Morse instead of LJ</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_beck.html"><span class="doc">pair_style beck</span></a> - Beck potential</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_body.html"><span class="doc">pair_style body</span></a> - interactions between body particles</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_bop.html"><span class="doc">pair_style bop</span></a> - BOP potential of Pettifor</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_born.html"><span class="doc">pair_style born</span></a> - Born-Mayer-Huggins potential</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_born.html"><span class="doc">pair_style born/coul/long</span></a> - Born-Mayer-Huggins with long-range Coulombics</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_born.html"><span class="doc">pair_style born/coul/long/cs</span></a> - Born-Mayer-Huggins with long-range Coulombics and core/shell</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_born.html"><span class="doc">pair_style born/coul/msm</span></a> - Born-Mayer-Huggins with long-range MSM Coulombics</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_born.html"><span class="doc">pair_style born/coul/wolf</span></a> - Born-Mayer-Huggins with Coulombics via Wolf potential</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_brownian.html"><span class="doc">pair_style brownian</span></a> - Brownian potential for Fast Lubrication Dynamics</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_brownian.html"><span class="doc">pair_style brownian/poly</span></a> - Brownian potential for Fast Lubrication Dynamics with polydispersity</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_buck.html"><span class="doc">pair_style buck</span></a> - Buckingham potential</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_buck.html"><span class="doc">pair_style buck/coul/cut</span></a> - Buckingham with cutoff Coulomb</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_buck.html"><span class="doc">pair_style buck/coul/long</span></a> - Buckingham with long-range Coulombics</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_buck.html"><span class="doc">pair_style buck/coul/long/cs</span></a> - Buckingham with long-range Coulombics and core/shell</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_buck.html"><span class="doc">pair_style buck/coul/msm</span></a> - Buckingham long-range MSM Coulombics</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_buck_long.html"><span class="doc">pair_style buck/long/coul/long</span></a> - long-range Buckingham with long-range Coulombics</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_colloid.html"><span class="doc">pair_style colloid</span></a> - integrated colloidal potential</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_comb.html"><span class="doc">pair_style comb</span></a> - charge-optimized many-body (COMB) potential</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_comb.html"><span class="doc">pair_style comb3</span></a> - charge-optimized many-body (COMB3) potential</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_coul.html"><span class="doc">pair_style coul/cut</span></a> - cutoff Coulombic potential</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_coul.html"><span class="doc">pair_style coul/debye</span></a> - cutoff Coulombic potential with Debye screening</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_coul.html"><span class="doc">pair_style coul/dsf</span></a> - Coulombics via damped shifted forces</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_coul.html"><span class="doc">pair_style coul/long</span></a> - long-range Coulombic potential</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_coul.html"><span class="doc">pair_style coul/long/cs</span></a> - long-range Coulombic potential and core/shell</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_coul.html"><span class="doc">pair_style coul/msm</span></a> - long-range MSM Coulombics</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_coul.html"><span class="doc">pair_style coul/streitz</span></a> - Coulombics via Streitz/Mintmire Slater orbitals</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_coul.html"><span class="doc">pair_style coul/wolf</span></a> - Coulombics via Wolf potential</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_dpd.html"><span class="doc">pair_style dpd</span></a> - dissipative particle dynamics (DPD)</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_dpd.html"><span class="doc">pair_style dpd/tstat</span></a> - DPD thermostatting</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_dsmc.html"><span class="doc">pair_style dsmc</span></a> - Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC)</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_eam.html"><span class="doc">pair_style eam</span></a> - embedded atom method (EAM)</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_eam.html"><span class="doc">pair_style eam/alloy</span></a> - alloy EAM</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_eam.html"><span class="doc">pair_style eam/fs</span></a> - Finnis-Sinclair EAM</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_eim.html"><span class="doc">pair_style eim</span></a> - embedded ion method (EIM)</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_gauss.html"><span class="doc">pair_style gauss</span></a> - Gaussian potential</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_gayberne.html"><span class="doc">pair_style gayberne</span></a> - Gay-Berne ellipsoidal potential</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_gran.html"><span class="doc">pair_style gran/hertz/history</span></a> - granular potential with Hertzian interactions</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_gran.html"><span class="doc">pair_style gran/hooke</span></a> - granular potential with history effects</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_gran.html"><span class="doc">pair_style gran/hooke/history</span></a> - granular potential without history effects</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_hbond_dreiding.html"><span class="doc">pair_style hbond/dreiding/lj</span></a> - DREIDING hydrogen bonding LJ potential</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_hbond_dreiding.html"><span class="doc">pair_style hbond/dreiding/morse</span></a> - DREIDING hydrogen bonding Morse potential</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_kim.html"><span class="doc">pair_style kim</span></a> - interface to potentials provided by KIM project</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_lcbop.html"><span class="doc">pair_style lcbop</span></a> - long-range bond-order potential (LCBOP)</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_line_lj.html"><span class="doc">pair_style line/lj</span></a> - LJ potential between line segments</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_charmm.html"><span class="doc">pair_style lj/charmm/coul/charmm</span></a> - CHARMM potential with cutoff Coulomb</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_charmm.html"><span class="doc">pair_style lj/charmm/coul/charmm/implicit</span></a> - CHARMM for implicit solvent</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_charmm.html"><span class="doc">pair_style lj/charmm/coul/long</span></a> - CHARMM with long-range Coulomb</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_charmm.html"><span class="doc">pair_style lj/charmm/coul/msm</span></a> - CHARMM with long-range MSM Coulombics</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_class2.html"><span class="doc">pair_style lj/class2</span></a> - COMPASS (class 2) force field with no Coulomb</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_class2.html"><span class="doc">pair_style lj/class2/coul/cut</span></a> - COMPASS with cutoff Coulomb</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_class2.html"><span class="doc">pair_style lj/class2/coul/long</span></a> - COMPASS with long-range Coulomb</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_lj_cubic.html"><span class="doc">pair_style lj/cubic</span></a> - LJ with cubic after inflection point</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_lj.html"><span class="doc">pair_style lj/cut</span></a> - cutoff Lennard-Jones potential with no Coulomb</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_lj.html"><span class="doc">pair_style lj/cut/coul/cut</span></a> - LJ with cutoff Coulomb</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_lj.html"><span class="doc">pair_style lj/cut/coul/debye</span></a> - LJ with Debye screening added to Coulomb</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_lj.html"><span class="doc">pair_style lj/cut/coul/dsf</span></a> - LJ with Coulombics via damped shifted forces</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_lj.html"><span class="doc">pair_style lj/cut/coul/long</span></a> - LJ with long-range Coulombics</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_lj.html"><span class="doc">pair_style lj/cut/coul/long/cs</span></a> - LJ with long-range Coulombics and core/shell</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_lj.html"><span class="doc">pair_style lj/cut/coul/msm</span></a> - LJ with long-range MSM Coulombics</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_dipole.html"><span class="doc">pair_style lj/cut/dipole/cut</span></a> - point dipoles with cutoff</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_dipole.html"><span class="doc">pair_style lj/cut/dipole/long</span></a> - point dipoles with long-range Ewald</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_lj.html"><span class="doc">pair_style lj/cut/tip4p/cut</span></a> - LJ with cutoff Coulomb for TIP4P water</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_lj.html"><span class="doc">pair_style lj/cut/tip4p/long</span></a> - LJ with long-range Coulomb for TIP4P water</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_lj_expand.html"><span class="doc">pair_style lj/expand</span></a> - Lennard-Jones for variable size particles</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_gromacs.html"><span class="doc">pair_style lj/gromacs</span></a> - GROMACS-style Lennard-Jones potential</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_gromacs.html"><span class="doc">pair_style lj/gromacs/coul/gromacs</span></a> - GROMACS-style LJ and Coulombic potential</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_lj_long.html"><span class="doc">pair_style lj/long/coul/long</span></a> - long-range LJ and long-range Coulombics</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_dipole.html"><span class="doc">pair_style lj/long/dipole/long</span></a> - long-range LJ and long-range point dipoles</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_lj_long.html"><span class="doc">pair_style lj/long/tip4p/long</span></a> - long-range LJ and long-range Coulomb for TIP4P water</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_lj_smooth.html"><span class="doc">pair_style lj/smooth</span></a> - smoothed Lennard-Jones potential</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_lj_smooth_linear.html"><span class="doc">pair_style lj/smooth/linear</span></a> - linear smoothed Lennard-Jones potential</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_lj96.html"><span class="doc">pair_style lj96/cut</span></a> - Lennard-Jones 9/6 potential</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_lubricate.html"><span class="doc">pair_style lubricate</span></a> - hydrodynamic lubrication forces</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_lubricate.html"><span class="doc">pair_style lubricate/poly</span></a> - hydrodynamic lubrication forces with polydispersity</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_lubricateU.html"><span class="doc">pair_style lubricateU</span></a> - hydrodynamic lubrication forces for Fast Lubrication Dynamics</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_lubricateU.html"><span class="doc">pair_style lubricateU/poly</span></a> - hydrodynamic lubrication forces for Fast Lubrication with polydispersity</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_meam.html"><span class="doc">pair_style meam</span></a> - modified embedded atom method (MEAM)</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_mie.html"><span class="doc">pair_style mie/cut</span></a> - Mie potential</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_morse.html"><span class="doc">pair_style morse</span></a> - Morse potential</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_nb3b_harmonic.html"><span class="doc">pair_style nb3b/harmonic</span></a> - nonbonded 3-body harmonic potential</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_nm.html"><span class="doc">pair_style nm/cut</span></a> - N-M potential</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_nm.html"><span class="doc">pair_style nm/cut/coul/cut</span></a> - N-M potential with cutoff Coulomb</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_nm.html"><span class="doc">pair_style nm/cut/coul/long</span></a> - N-M potential with long-range Coulombics</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_peri.html"><span class="doc">pair_style peri/eps</span></a> - peridynamic EPS potential</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_peri.html"><span class="doc">pair_style peri/lps</span></a> - peridynamic LPS potential</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_peri.html"><span class="doc">pair_style peri/pmb</span></a> - peridynamic PMB potential</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_peri.html"><span class="doc">pair_style peri/ves</span></a> - peridynamic VES potential</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_polymorphic.html"><span class="doc">pair_style polymorphic</span></a> - polymorphic 3-body potential</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_reax.html"><span class="doc">pair_style reax</span></a> - ReaxFF potential</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_airebo.html"><span class="doc">pair_style rebo</span></a> - 2nd generation REBO potential of Brenner</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_resquared.html"><span class="doc">pair_style resquared</span></a> - Everaers RE-Squared ellipsoidal potential</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_snap.html"><span class="doc">pair_style snap</span></a> - SNAP quantum-accurate potential</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_soft.html"><span class="doc">pair_style soft</span></a> - Soft (cosine) potential</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_sw.html"><span class="doc">pair_style sw</span></a> - Stillinger-Weber 3-body potential</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_table.html"><span class="doc">pair_style table</span></a> - tabulated pair potential</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_tersoff.html"><span class="doc">pair_style tersoff</span></a> - Tersoff 3-body potential</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_tersoff_mod.html"><span class="doc">pair_style tersoff/mod</span></a> - modified Tersoff 3-body potential</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_tersoff_zbl.html"><span class="doc">pair_style tersoff/zbl</span></a> - Tersoff/ZBL 3-body potential</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_coul.html"><span class="doc">pair_style tip4p/cut</span></a> - Coulomb for TIP4P water w/out LJ</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_coul.html"><span class="doc">pair_style tip4p/long</span></a> - long-range Coulombics for TIP4P water w/out LJ</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_tri_lj.html"><span class="doc">pair_style tri/lj</span></a> - LJ potential between triangles</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_vashishta.html"><span class="doc">pair_style vashishta</span></a> - Vashishta 2-body and 3-body potential</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_yukawa.html"><span class="doc">pair_style yukawa</span></a> - Yukawa potential</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_yukawa_colloid.html"><span class="doc">pair_style yukawa/colloid</span></a> - screened Yukawa potential for finite-size particles</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="pair_zbl.html"><span class="doc">pair_style zbl</span></a> - Ziegler-Biersack-Littmark potential</li>
</ul>
</div>
<hr class="docutils" />
<div class="section" id="restrictions">
<h2>Restrictions</h2>
<p>This command must be used before any coefficients are set by the
<a class="reference internal" href="pair_coeff.html"><span class="doc">pair_coeff</span></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="read_data.html"><span class="doc">read_data</span></a>, or
<a class="reference internal" href="read_restart.html"><span class="doc">read_restart</span></a> commands.</p>
<p>Some pair styles are part of specific packages. They are only enabled
if LAMMPS was built with that package. See the <a class="reference internal" href="Section_start.html#start-3"><span class="std std-ref">Making LAMMPS</span></a> section for more info on packages.
The doc pages for individual pair potentials tell if it is part of a
package.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="related-commands">
<h2>Related commands</h2>
<p><a class="reference internal" href="pair_coeff.html"><span class="doc">pair_coeff</span></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="read_data.html"><span class="doc">read_data</span></a>,
<a class="reference internal" href="pair_modify.html"><span class="doc">pair_modify</span></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="kspace_style.html"><span class="doc">kspace_style</span></a>,
<a class="reference internal" href="dielectric.html"><span class="doc">dielectric</span></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="pair_write.html"><span class="doc">pair_write</span></a></p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="default">
<h2>Default</h2>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">pair_style</span> <span class="n">none</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
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