2016-05-10 01:33:12 +08:00
<!DOCTYPE html>
<!-- [if IE 8]><html class="no - js lt - ie9" lang="en" > <![endif] -->
<!-- [if gt IE 8]><! --> < html class = "no-js" lang = "en" > <!-- <![endif] -->
< head >
< meta charset = "utf-8" >
< meta name = "viewport" content = "width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" >
< title > fix drude/transform/direct command — LAMMPS documentation< / title >
< link rel = "stylesheet" href = "_static/css/theme.css" type = "text/css" / >
< link rel = "stylesheet" href = "_static/sphinxcontrib-images/LightBox2/lightbox2/css/lightbox.css" type = "text/css" / >
< link rel = "top" title = "LAMMPS documentation" href = "index.html" / >
< script src = "_static/js/modernizr.min.js" > < / script >
< / head >
< body class = "wy-body-for-nav" role = "document" >
< div class = "wy-grid-for-nav" >
< nav data-toggle = "wy-nav-shift" class = "wy-nav-side" >
< div class = "wy-side-nav-search" >
< a href = "Manual.html" class = "icon icon-home" > LAMMPS
< / a >
< div role = "search" >
< form id = "rtd-search-form" class = "wy-form" action = "search.html" method = "get" >
< input type = "text" name = "q" placeholder = "Search docs" / >
< input type = "hidden" name = "check_keywords" value = "yes" / >
< input type = "hidden" name = "area" value = "default" / >
< / form >
< / div >
< / div >
< div class = "wy-menu wy-menu-vertical" data-spy = "affix" role = "navigation" aria-label = "main navigation" >
< ul >
< li class = "toctree-l1" > < a class = "reference internal" href = "Section_intro.html" > 1. Introduction< / a > < / li >
< li class = "toctree-l1" > < a class = "reference internal" href = "Section_start.html" > 2. Getting Started< / a > < / li >
< li class = "toctree-l1" > < a class = "reference internal" href = "Section_commands.html" > 3. Commands< / a > < / li >
< li class = "toctree-l1" > < a class = "reference internal" href = "Section_packages.html" > 4. Packages< / a > < / li >
< li class = "toctree-l1" > < a class = "reference internal" href = "Section_accelerate.html" > 5. Accelerating LAMMPS performance< / a > < / li >
< li class = "toctree-l1" > < a class = "reference internal" href = "Section_howto.html" > 6. How-to discussions< / a > < / li >
< li class = "toctree-l1" > < a class = "reference internal" href = "Section_example.html" > 7. Example problems< / a > < / li >
< li class = "toctree-l1" > < a class = "reference internal" href = "Section_perf.html" > 8. Performance & scalability< / a > < / li >
< li class = "toctree-l1" > < a class = "reference internal" href = "Section_tools.html" > 9. Additional tools< / a > < / li >
< li class = "toctree-l1" > < a class = "reference internal" href = "Section_modify.html" > 10. Modifying & extending LAMMPS< / a > < / li >
< li class = "toctree-l1" > < a class = "reference internal" href = "Section_python.html" > 11. Python interface to LAMMPS< / a > < / li >
< li class = "toctree-l1" > < a class = "reference internal" href = "Section_errors.html" > 12. Errors< / a > < / li >
< li class = "toctree-l1" > < a class = "reference internal" href = "Section_history.html" > 13. Future and history< / a > < / li >
< / ul >
< / div >
< / nav >
< section data-toggle = "wy-nav-shift" class = "wy-nav-content-wrap" >
< nav class = "wy-nav-top" role = "navigation" aria-label = "top navigation" >
< i data-toggle = "wy-nav-top" class = "fa fa-bars" > < / i >
< a href = "Manual.html" > LAMMPS< / a >
< / nav >
< div class = "wy-nav-content" >
< div class = "rst-content" >
< div role = "navigation" aria-label = "breadcrumbs navigation" >
< ul class = "wy-breadcrumbs" >
< li > < a href = "Manual.html" > Docs< / a > » < / li >
< li > fix drude/transform/direct command< / li >
< li class = "wy-breadcrumbs-aside" >
< a href = "http://lammps.sandia.gov" > Website< / a >
< a href = "Section_commands.html#comm" > Commands< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< hr / >
< / div >
< div role = "main" class = "document" itemscope = "itemscope" itemtype = "http://schema.org/Article" >
< div itemprop = "articleBody" >
< div class = "section" id = "fix-drude-transform-direct-command" >
< span id = "index-0" > < / span > < h1 > fix drude/transform/direct command< / h1 >
< / div >
< div class = "section" id = "fix-drude-transform-inverse-command" >
< h1 > fix drude/transform/inverse command< / h1 >
< div class = "section" id = "syntax" >
< h2 > Syntax< / h2 >
< div class = "highlight-default" > < div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < span class = "n" > fix< / span > < span class = "n" > ID< / span > < span class = "n" > group< / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "n" > ID< / span > < span class = "n" > style< / span > < span class = "n" > keyword< / span > < span class = "n" > value< / span > < span class = "o" > ...< / span >
< / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< ul class = "simple" >
< li > ID, group-ID are documented in < a class = "reference internal" href = "fix.html" > < span class = "doc" > fix< / span > < / a > command< / li >
< li > style = < em > drude/transform/direct< / em > or < em > drude/transform/inverse< / em > < / li >
< / ul >
< / div >
< div class = "section" id = "examples" >
< h2 > Examples< / h2 >
< div class = "highlight-default" > < div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < span class = "n" > fix< / span > < span class = "mi" > 3< / span > < span class = "nb" > all< / span > < span class = "n" > drude< / span > < span class = "o" > /< / span > < span class = "n" > transform< / span > < span class = "o" > /< / span > < span class = "n" > direct< / span >
< span class = "n" > fix< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "nb" > all< / span > < span class = "n" > drude< / span > < span class = "o" > /< / span > < span class = "n" > transform< / span > < span class = "o" > /< / span > < span class = "n" > inverse< / span >
< / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< div class = "section" id = "description" >
< h2 > Description< / h2 >
< p > Transform the coordinates of Drude oscillators from real to reduced
and back for thermalizing the Drude oscillators as described in
< a class = "reference internal" href = "tutorial_drude.html#lamoureux" > < span class = "std std-ref" > (Lamoureux)< / span > < / a > using a Nose-Hoover thermostat. This fix is
designed to be used with the < a class = "reference internal" href = "tutorial_drude.html" > < span class = "doc" > thermalized Drude oscillator model< / span > < / a > . Polarizable models in LAMMPS are
described in < a class = "reference internal" href = "Section_howto.html#howto-25" > < span class = "std std-ref" > this Section< / span > < / a > .< / p >
< p > Drude oscillators are a pair of atoms representing a single
polarizable atom. Ideally, the mass of Drude particles would vanish
and their positions would be determined self-consistently by iterative
minimization of the energy, the cores’ positions being fixed. It is
however more efficient and it yields comparable results, if the Drude
oscillators (the motion of the Drude particle relative to the core)
are thermalized at a low temperature. In that case, the Drude
particles need a small mass.< / p >
< p > The thermostats act on the reduced degrees of freedom, which are
defined by the following equations. Note that in these equations
upper case denotes atomic or center of mass values and lower case
denotes Drude particle or dipole values. Primes denote the transformed
(reduced) values, while bare letters denote the original values.< / p >
< p > Masses:< / p >
< div class = "math" >
\[\begin{equation} M' = M + m \end{equation}\]< / div >
< div class = "math" >
\[\begin{equation} m' = \frac {M\, m } {M'} \end{equation}\]< / div >
< p > Positions:< / p >
< div class = "math" >
\[\begin{equation} X' = \frac {M\, X + m\, x} {M'}\end{equation}\]< / div >
< div class = "math" >
\[\begin{equation} x' = x - X \end{equation}\]< / div >
< p > Velocities:< / p >
< div class = "math" >
\[\begin{equation} V' = \frac {M\, V + m\, v} {M'}\end{equation}\]< / div >
< div class = "math" >
\[\begin{equation} v' = v - V \end{equation}\]< / div >
< p > Forces:< / p >
< div class = "math" >
\[\begin{equation} F' = F + f \end{equation}\]< / div >
< div class = "math" >
\[\begin{equation} f' = \frac { M\, f - m\, F} {M'}\end{equation}\]< / div >
< p > This transform conserves the total kinetic energy< / p >
< div class = "math" >
\[\begin{equation} \frac 1 2 \, (M\, V^2\ + m\, v^2)
= \frac 1 2 \, (M'\, V'^2\ + m'\, v'^2) \end{equation}\]< / div >
< p > and the virial defined with absolute positions< / p >
< div class = "math" >
\[\begin{equation} X\, F + x\, f = X'\, F' + x'\, f' \end{equation}\]< / div >
< hr class = "docutils" / >
< p > This fix requires each atom know whether it is a Drude particle or
not. You must therefore use the < a class = "reference internal" href = "fix_drude.html" > < span class = "doc" > fix drude< / span > < / a > command to
specify the Drude status of each atom type.< / p >
< div class = "admonition note" >
< p class = "first admonition-title" > Note< / p >
< p class = "last" > only the Drude core atoms need to be in the group specified for
this fix. A Drude electron will be transformed together with its core
even if it is not itself in the group. It is safe to include Drude
electrons or non-polarizable atoms in the group. The non-polarizable
atoms will simply not be transformed.< / p >
< / div >
< hr class = "docutils" / >
< p > This fix does NOT perform time integration. It only transform masses,
coordinates, velocities and forces. Thus you must use separate time
2016-05-10 03:49:32 +08:00
integration fixes, like < a class = "reference internal" href = "fix_nve.html" > < span class = "doc" > fix nve< / span > < / a > or < a class = "reference internal" href = "fix_nh.html" > < span class = "doc" > fix npt< / span > < / a > to actually update the velocities and positions of
2016-05-10 01:33:12 +08:00
atoms. In order to thermalize the reduced degrees of freedom at
different temperatures, two Nose-Hoover thermostats must be defined,
acting on two distinct groups.< / p >
< div class = "admonition note" >
< p class = "first admonition-title" > Note< / p >
< p class = "last" > The < em > fix drude/transform/direct< / em > command must appear before any
Nose-Hoover thermostating fixes. The < em > fix drude/transform/inverse< / em >
command must appear after any Nose-Hoover thermostating fixes.< / p >
< / div >
< p > Example:< / p >
< div class = "highlight-default" > < div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < span class = "n" > fix< / span > < span class = "n" > fDIRECT< / span > < span class = "nb" > all< / span > < span class = "n" > drude< / span > < span class = "o" > /< / span > < span class = "n" > transform< / span > < span class = "o" > /< / span > < span class = "n" > direct< / span >
< span class = "n" > fix< / span > < span class = "n" > fNVT< / span > < span class = "n" > gCORES< / span > < span class = "n" > nvt< / span > < span class = "n" > temp< / span > < span class = "mf" > 300.0< / span > < span class = "mf" > 300.0< / span > < span class = "mi" > 100< / span >
< span class = "n" > fix< / span > < span class = "n" > fNVT< / span > < span class = "n" > gDRUDES< / span > < span class = "n" > nvt< / span > < span class = "n" > temp< / span > < span class = "mf" > 1.0< / span > < span class = "mf" > 1.0< / span > < span class = "mi" > 100< / span >
< span class = "n" > fix< / span > < span class = "n" > fINVERSE< / span > < span class = "nb" > all< / span > < span class = "n" > drude< / span > < span class = "o" > /< / span > < span class = "n" > transform< / span > < span class = "o" > /< / span > < span class = "n" > inverse< / span >
< span class = "n" > compute< / span > < span class = "n" > TDRUDE< / span > < span class = "nb" > all< / span > < span class = "n" > temp< / span > < span class = "o" > /< / span > < span class = "n" > drude< / span >
< span class = "n" > thermo_style< / span > < span class = "n" > custom< / span > < span class = "n" > step< / span > < span class = "n" > cpu< / span > < span class = "n" > etotal< / span > < span class = "n" > ke< / span > < span class = "n" > pe< / span > < span class = "n" > ebond< / span > < span class = "n" > ecoul< / span > < span class = "n" > elong< / span > < span class = "n" > press< / span > < span class = "n" > vol< / span > < span class = "n" > temp< / span > < span class = "n" > c_TDRUDE< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "n" > c_TDRUDE< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "mi" > 2< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span >
< / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< p > In this example, < em > gCORES< / em > is the group of the atom cores and < em > gDRUDES< / em >
is the group of the Drude particles (electrons). The centers of mass
of the Drude oscillators will be thermostated at 300.0 and the
internal degrees of freedom will be thermostated at 1.0. The
temperatures of cores and Drude particles, in center-of-mass and
relative coordinates, are calculated using < a class = "reference internal" href = "compute_temp_drude.html" > < span class = "doc" > compute temp/drude< / span > < / a > < / p >
< p > In addition, if you want to use a barostat to simulate a system at
constant pressure, only one of the Nose-Hoover fixes must be < em > npt< / em > ,
the other one should be < em > nvt< / em > . You must add a < em > compute temp/com< / em > and a
< em > fix_modify< / em > command so that the temperature of the < em > npt< / em > fix be just
that of its group (the Drude cores) but the pressure be the overall
pressure < em > thermo_press< / em > .< / p >
< p > Example:< / p >
< div class = "highlight-default" > < div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < span class = "n" > compute< / span > < span class = "n" > cTEMP_CORE< / span > < span class = "n" > gCORES< / span > < span class = "n" > temp< / span > < span class = "o" > /< / span > < span class = "n" > com< / span >
< span class = "n" > fix< / span > < span class = "n" > fDIRECT< / span > < span class = "nb" > all< / span > < span class = "n" > drude< / span > < span class = "o" > /< / span > < span class = "n" > transform< / span > < span class = "o" > /< / span > < span class = "n" > direct< / span >
< span class = "n" > fix< / span > < span class = "n" > fNPT< / span > < span class = "n" > gCORES< / span > < span class = "n" > npt< / span > < span class = "n" > temp< / span > < span class = "mf" > 298.0< / span > < span class = "mf" > 298.0< / span > < span class = "mi" > 100< / span > < span class = "n" > iso< / span > < span class = "mf" > 1.0< / span > < span class = "mf" > 1.0< / span > < span class = "mi" > 500< / span >
< span class = "n" > fix_modify< / span > < span class = "n" > fNPT< / span > < span class = "n" > temp< / span > < span class = "n" > cTEMP_CORE< / span > < span class = "n" > press< / span > < span class = "n" > thermo_press< / span >
< span class = "n" > fix< / span > < span class = "n" > fNVT< / span > < span class = "n" > gDRUDES< / span > < span class = "n" > nvt< / span > < span class = "n" > temp< / span > < span class = "mf" > 5.0< / span > < span class = "mf" > 5.0< / span > < span class = "mi" > 100< / span >
< span class = "n" > fix< / span > < span class = "n" > fINVERSE< / span > < span class = "nb" > all< / span > < span class = "n" > drude< / span > < span class = "o" > /< / span > < span class = "n" > transform< / span > < span class = "o" > /< / span > < span class = "n" > inverse< / span >
< / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< p > In this example, < em > gCORES< / em > is the group of the atom cores and < em > gDRUDES< / em >
is the group of the Drude particles. The centers of mass of the Drude
oscillators will be thermostated at 298.0 and the internal degrees of
freedom will be thermostated at 5.0. The whole system will be
barostated at 1.0.< / p >
< p > In order to avoid the flying ice cube problem (irreversible transfer
of linear momentum to the center of mass of the system), you may need
to add a < em > fix momentum< / em > command:< / p >
< div class = "highlight-default" > < div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < span class = "n" > fix< / span > < span class = "n" > fMOMENTUM< / span > < span class = "nb" > all< / span > < span class = "n" > momentum< / span > < span class = "mi" > 100< / span > < span class = "n" > linear< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span >
< / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< hr class = "docutils" / >
< div class = "section" id = "restart-fix-modify-output-run-start-stop-minimize-info" >
< h2 > Restart, fix_modify, output, run start/stop, minimize info< / h2 >
< p > No information about this fix is written to < a class = "reference internal" href = "restart.html" > < span class = "doc" > binary restart files< / span > < / a > .< / p >
< / div >
< div class = "section" id = "restrictions" >
< h2 > Restrictions< / h2 >
< blockquote >
< div > none< / div > < / blockquote >
< / div >
< div class = "section" id = "related-commands" >
< h2 > Related commands< / h2 >
< p > < a class = "reference internal" href = "fix_drude.html" > < span class = "doc" > fix drude< / span > < / a > ,
< a class = "reference internal" href = "fix_langevin_drude.html" > < span class = "doc" > fix langevin/drude< / span > < / a > ,
< a class = "reference internal" href = "compute_temp_drude.html" > < span class = "doc" > compute temp/drude< / span > < / a > ,
< a class = "reference internal" href = "pair_thole.html" > < span class = "doc" > pair_style thole< / span > < / a > < / p >
< p > < strong > Default:< / strong > none< / p >
< hr class = "docutils" / >
< p id = "lamoureux" > < strong > (Lamoureux)< / strong > Lamoureux and Roux, J Chem Phys, 119, 3025-3039 (2003).< / p >
< / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< footer >
< hr / >
< div role = "contentinfo" >
< p >
© Copyright 2013 Sandia Corporation.
< / p >
< / div >
Built with < a href = "http://sphinx-doc.org/" > Sphinx< / a > using a < a href = "https://github.com/snide/sphinx_rtd_theme" > theme< / a > provided by < a href = "https://readthedocs.org" > Read the Docs< / a > .
< / footer >
< / div >
< / div >
< / section >
< / div >
< script type = "text/javascript" >
var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = {
URL_ROOT:'./',
VERSION:'',
COLLAPSE_INDEX:false,
FILE_SUFFIX:'.html',
HAS_SOURCE: true
};
< / script >
< script type = "text/javascript" src = "_static/jquery.js" > < / script >
< script type = "text/javascript" src = "_static/underscore.js" > < / script >
< script type = "text/javascript" src = "_static/doctools.js" > < / script >
< script type = "text/javascript" src = "https://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML" > < / script >
< script type = "text/javascript" src = "_static/sphinxcontrib-images/LightBox2/lightbox2/js/jquery-1.11.0.min.js" > < / script >
< script type = "text/javascript" src = "_static/sphinxcontrib-images/LightBox2/lightbox2/js/lightbox.min.js" > < / script >
< script type = "text/javascript" src = "_static/sphinxcontrib-images/LightBox2/lightbox2-customize/jquery-noconflict.js" > < / script >
< script type = "text/javascript" src = "_static/js/theme.js" > < / script >
< script type = "text/javascript" >
jQuery(function () {
SphinxRtdTheme.StickyNav.enable();
});
< / script >
< / body >
< / html >
