2009-06-05 00:55:43 +08:00
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<HTML>
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<CENTER><A HREF = "http://lammps.sandia.gov">LAMMPS WWW Site</A> - <A HREF = "Manual.html">LAMMPS Documentation</A> - <A HREF = "Section_commands.html#comm">LAMMPS Commands</A>
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</CENTER>
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<HR>
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2010-10-08 05:20:45 +08:00
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<H3>pair_style born command
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</H3>
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2011-10-07 01:32:51 +08:00
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<H3>pair_style born/omp command
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</H3>
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2012-08-21 21:54:09 +08:00
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<H3>pair_style born/gpu command
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</H3>
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2009-06-05 00:55:43 +08:00
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<H3>pair_style born/coul/long command
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</H3>
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2011-06-09 05:46:03 +08:00
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<H3>pair_style born/coul/long/cuda command
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</H3>
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2012-08-21 21:54:09 +08:00
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<H3>pair_style born/coul/long/gpu command
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</H3>
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2011-10-07 01:32:51 +08:00
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<H3>pair_style born/coul/long/omp command
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</H3>
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2013-01-22 00:35:54 +08:00
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<H3>pair_style born/coul/msm command
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</H3>
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<H3>pair_style born/coul/msm/omp command
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</H3>
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2011-12-13 23:56:58 +08:00
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<H3>pair_style born/coul/wolf command
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</H3>
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2012-08-21 21:54:09 +08:00
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<H3>pair_style born/coul/wolf/gpu command
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</H3>
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2012-01-07 01:38:57 +08:00
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<H3>pair_style born/coul/wolf/omp command
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</H3>
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2009-06-05 00:55:43 +08:00
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<P><B>Syntax:</B>
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</P>
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2010-10-08 05:20:45 +08:00
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<PRE>pair_style style args
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2009-06-05 00:55:43 +08:00
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</PRE>
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2013-01-22 00:35:54 +08:00
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<UL><LI>style = <I>born</I> or <I>born/coul/long</I> or <I>born/coul/msm</I> or <I>born/coul/wolf</I>
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2010-10-08 05:20:45 +08:00
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<LI>args = list of arguments for a particular style
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2009-06-05 00:55:43 +08:00
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</UL>
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2010-10-08 05:20:45 +08:00
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<PRE> <I>born</I> args = cutoff
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cutoff = global cutoff for non-Coulombic interactions (distance units)
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<I>born/coul/long</I> args = cutoff (cutoff2)
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2011-12-13 23:56:58 +08:00
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cutoff = global cutoff for non-Coulombic (and Coulombic if only 1 arg) (distance units)
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cutoff2 = global cutoff for Coulombic (optional) (distance units)
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2013-01-22 00:35:54 +08:00
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<I>born/coul/msm</I> args = cutoff (cutoff2)
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cutoff = global cutoff for non-Coulombic (and Coulombic if only 1 arg) (distance units)
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cutoff2 = global cutoff for Coulombic (optional) (distance units)
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2011-12-13 23:56:58 +08:00
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<I>born/coul/wolf</I> args = alpha cutoff (cutoff2)
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alpha = damping parameter (inverse distance units)
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2010-10-08 05:20:45 +08:00
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cutoff = global cutoff for non-Coulombic (and Coulombic if only 1 arg) (distance units)
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cutoff2 = global cutoff for Coulombic (optional) (distance units)
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</PRE>
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2009-06-05 00:55:43 +08:00
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<P><B>Examples:</B>
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</P>
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2010-10-08 05:20:45 +08:00
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<PRE>pair_style born 10.0
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pair_coeff * * 6.08 0.317 2.340 24.18 11.51
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pair_coeff 1 1 6.08 0.317 2.340 24.18 11.51
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</PRE>
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2009-06-05 00:55:43 +08:00
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<PRE>pair_style born/coul/long 10.0
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pair_style born/coul/long 10.0 8.0
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pair_coeff * * 6.08 0.317 2.340 24.18 11.51
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pair_coeff 1 1 6.08 0.317 2.340 24.18 11.51
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</PRE>
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2013-01-22 00:35:54 +08:00
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<PRE>pair_style born/coul/msm 10.0
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pair_style born/coul/msm 10.0 8.0
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pair_coeff * * 6.08 0.317 2.340 24.18 11.51
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pair_coeff 1 1 6.08 0.317 2.340 24.18 11.51
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</PRE>
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2011-12-13 23:56:58 +08:00
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<PRE>pair_style born/coul/wolf 0.25 10.0
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pair_style born/coul/wolf 0.25 10.0 9.0
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pair_coeff * * 6.08 0.317 2.340 24.18 11.51
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pair_coeff 1 1 6.08 0.317 2.340 24.18 11.51
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</PRE>
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2009-06-05 00:55:43 +08:00
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<P><B>Description:</B>
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</P>
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2010-10-08 05:20:45 +08:00
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<P>The <I>born</I> style computes the Born-Mayer-Huggins or Tosi/Fumi
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potential described in <A HREF = "#FumiTosi">(Fumi and Tosi)</A>, given by
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2009-06-05 00:55:43 +08:00
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</P>
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<CENTER><IMG SRC = "Eqs/pair_born.jpg">
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</CENTER>
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<P>where sigma is an interaction-dependent length parameter, rho is an
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2010-10-08 05:20:45 +08:00
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ionic-pair dependent length parameter, and Rc is the cutoff.
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</P>
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2013-01-22 00:35:54 +08:00
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<P>The styles with <I>coul/long</I> or <I>coul/msm</I> add a Coulombic term as
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described for the <A HREF = "pair_lj.html">lj/cut</A> pair styles. An additional
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damping factor is applied to the Coulombic term so it can be used in
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conjunction with the <A HREF = "kspace_style.html">kspace_style</A> command and its
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<I>ewald</I> or <I>pppm</I> of <I>msm</I> option. The Coulombic cutoff specified for
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this style means that pairwise interactions within this distance are
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computed directly; interactions outside that distance are computed in
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reciprocal space.
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2010-10-08 05:20:45 +08:00
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</P>
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2013-01-22 00:35:54 +08:00
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<P>If one cutoff is specified for the <I>born/coul/long</I> and
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<I>born/coul/msm</I> style, it is used for both the A,C,D and Coulombic
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terms. If two cutoffs are specified, the first is used as the cutoff
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for the A,C,D terms, and the second is the cutoff for the Coulombic
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term.
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2011-12-13 23:56:58 +08:00
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</P>
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<P>The <I>born/coul/wolf</I> style adds a Coulombic term as described for the
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Wolf potential in the <A HREF = "pair_coul.html">coul/wolf</A> pair style.
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</P>
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2010-10-08 05:20:45 +08:00
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<P>Note that these potentials are related to the <A HREF = "pair_born.html">Buckingham
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potential</A>.
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2009-06-05 00:55:43 +08:00
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</P>
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<P>The following coefficients must be defined for each pair of atoms
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types via the <A HREF = "pair_coeff.html">pair_coeff</A> command as in the examples
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above, or in the data file or restart files read by the
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<A HREF = "read_data.html">read_data</A> or <A HREF = "read_restart.html">read_restart</A>
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commands, or by mixing as described below:
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</P>
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<UL><LI>A (energy units)
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<LI>rho (distance units)
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<LI>sigma (distance units)
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<LI>C (energy units * distance units^6)
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<LI>D (energy units * distance units^8)
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<LI>cutoff (distance units)
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</UL>
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2010-10-08 05:20:45 +08:00
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<P>The second coefficient, rho, must be greater than zero.
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</P>
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2009-06-05 00:55:43 +08:00
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<P>The last coefficient is optional. If not specified, the global A,C,D
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2010-10-08 05:20:45 +08:00
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cutoff specified in the pair_style command is used.
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</P>
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2012-10-19 23:36:54 +08:00
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<P>For <I>born/coul/long</I> and <I>born/coul/wolf</I> no Coulombic cutoff can be
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2011-12-13 23:56:58 +08:00
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specified for an individual I,J type pair. All type pairs use the
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same global Coulombic cutoff specified in the pair_style command.
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2009-06-05 00:55:43 +08:00
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</P>
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<HR>
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2014-08-15 00:30:25 +08:00
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<P>Styles with a <I>cuda</I>, <I>gpu</I>, <I>intel</I>, <I>kk</I>, <I>omp</I>, or <I>opt</I> suffix are
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functionally the same as the corresponding style without the suffix.
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They have been optimized to run faster, depending on your available
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hardware, as discussed in <A HREF = "Section_accelerate.html">Section_accelerate</A>
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of the manual. The accelerated styles take the same arguments and
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should produce the same results, except for round-off and precision
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issues.
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2011-06-09 05:46:03 +08:00
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</P>
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2014-08-15 00:30:25 +08:00
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<P>These accelerated styles are part of the USER-CUDA, GPU, USER-INTEL,
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KOKKOS, USER-OMP and OPT packages, respectively. They are only
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enabled if LAMMPS was built with those packages. See the <A HREF = "Section_start.html#start_3">Making
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LAMMPS</A> section for more info.
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2011-06-09 05:46:03 +08:00
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</P>
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<P>You can specify the accelerated styles explicitly in your input script
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2012-01-28 07:39:14 +08:00
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by including their suffix, or you can use the <A HREF = "Section_start.html#start_7">-suffix command-line
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2011-08-26 00:46:23 +08:00
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switch</A> when you invoke LAMMPS, or you can
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use the <A HREF = "suffix.html">suffix</A> command in your input script.
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2011-06-09 05:46:03 +08:00
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</P>
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2011-12-14 04:35:35 +08:00
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<P>See <A HREF = "Section_accelerate.html">Section_accelerate</A> of the manual for
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more instructions on how to use the accelerated styles effectively.
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2011-06-09 05:46:03 +08:00
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</P>
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<HR>
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2009-06-05 00:55:43 +08:00
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<P><B>Mixing, shift, table, tail correction, restart, rRESPA info</B>:
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</P>
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2010-10-08 05:20:45 +08:00
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<P>These pair styles do not support mixing. Thus, coefficients for all
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2009-06-05 00:55:43 +08:00
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I,J pairs must be specified explicitly.
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</P>
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2010-10-08 05:20:45 +08:00
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<P>These styles support the <A HREF = "pair_modify.html">pair_modify</A> shift option
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2009-06-05 00:55:43 +08:00
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for the energy of the exp(), 1/r^6, and 1/r^8 portion of the pair
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interaction.
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</P>
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2012-10-19 23:36:54 +08:00
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<P>The <I>born/coul/long</I> pair style supports the
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<A HREF = "pair_modify.html">pair_modify</A> table option ti tabulate the
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short-range portion of the long-range Coulombic interaction.
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2009-06-05 00:55:43 +08:00
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</P>
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2010-10-08 05:20:45 +08:00
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<P>These styles support the pair_modify tail option for adding long-range
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tail corrections to energy and pressure.
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2009-06-05 00:55:43 +08:00
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</P>
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2010-10-08 05:20:45 +08:00
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<P>Thess styles writes thei information to binary <A HREF = "restart.html">restart</A>
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files, so pair_style and pair_coeff commands do not need to be
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specified in an input script that reads a restart file.
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2009-06-05 00:55:43 +08:00
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</P>
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2010-10-08 05:20:45 +08:00
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<P>These styles can only be used via the <I>pair</I> keyword of the <A HREF = "run_style.html">run_style
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respa</A> command. They do not support the <I>inner</I>,
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<I>middle</I>, <I>outer</I> keywords.
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2009-06-05 00:55:43 +08:00
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</P>
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<HR>
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<P><B>Restrictions:</B>
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</P>
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2011-08-27 02:53:00 +08:00
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<P>The <I>born/coul/long</I> style is part of the KSPACE package. It is only
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enabled if LAMMPS was built with that package (which it is by
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2011-08-26 00:46:23 +08:00
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default). See the <A HREF = "Section_start.html#start_3">Making LAMMPS</A> section
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for more info.
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2009-06-05 00:55:43 +08:00
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</P>
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<P><B>Related commands:</B>
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</P>
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<P><A HREF = "pair_coeff.html">pair_coeff</A>, <A HREF = "pair_buck.html">pair_style buck</A>
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</P>
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<P><B>Default:</B> none
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</P>
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<HR>
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<A NAME = "FumiTosi"></A>
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<P>Fumi and Tosi, J Phys Chem Solids, 25, 31 (1964),
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Fumi and Tosi, J Phys Chem Solids, 25, 45 (1964).
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</P>
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</HTML>
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