721 lines
26 KiB
ReStructuredText
721 lines
26 KiB
ReStructuredText
=========================
|
|
Writing a MUSB Glue Layer
|
|
=========================
|
|
|
|
:Author: Apelete Seketeli
|
|
|
|
Introduction
|
|
============
|
|
|
|
The Linux MUSB subsystem is part of the larger Linux USB subsystem. It
|
|
provides support for embedded USB Device Controllers (UDC) that do not
|
|
use Universal Host Controller Interface (UHCI) or Open Host Controller
|
|
Interface (OHCI).
|
|
|
|
Instead, these embedded UDC rely on the USB On-the-Go (OTG)
|
|
specification which they implement at least partially. The silicon
|
|
reference design used in most cases is the Multipoint USB Highspeed
|
|
Dual-Role Controller (MUSB HDRC) found in the Mentor Graphics Inventra™
|
|
design.
|
|
|
|
As a self-taught exercise I have written an MUSB glue layer for the
|
|
Ingenic JZ4740 SoC, modelled after the many MUSB glue layers in the
|
|
kernel source tree. This layer can be found at
|
|
``drivers/usb/musb/jz4740.c``. In this documentation I will walk through the
|
|
basics of the ``jz4740.c`` glue layer, explaining the different pieces and
|
|
what needs to be done in order to write your own device glue layer.
|
|
|
|
.. _musb-basics:
|
|
|
|
Linux MUSB Basics
|
|
=================
|
|
|
|
To get started on the topic, please read USB On-the-Go Basics (see
|
|
Resources) which provides an introduction of USB OTG operation at the
|
|
hardware level. A couple of wiki pages by Texas Instruments and Analog
|
|
Devices also provide an overview of the Linux kernel MUSB configuration,
|
|
albeit focused on some specific devices provided by these companies.
|
|
Finally, getting acquainted with the USB specification at USB home page
|
|
may come in handy, with practical instance provided through the Writing
|
|
USB Device Drivers documentation (again, see Resources).
|
|
|
|
Linux USB stack is a layered architecture in which the MUSB controller
|
|
hardware sits at the lowest. The MUSB controller driver abstract the
|
|
MUSB controller hardware to the Linux USB stack::
|
|
|
|
------------------------
|
|
| | <------- drivers/usb/gadget
|
|
| Linux USB Core Stack | <------- drivers/usb/host
|
|
| | <------- drivers/usb/core
|
|
------------------------
|
|
⬍
|
|
--------------------------
|
|
| | <------ drivers/usb/musb/musb_gadget.c
|
|
| MUSB Controller driver | <------ drivers/usb/musb/musb_host.c
|
|
| | <------ drivers/usb/musb/musb_core.c
|
|
--------------------------
|
|
⬍
|
|
---------------------------------
|
|
| MUSB Platform Specific Driver |
|
|
| | <-- drivers/usb/musb/jz4740.c
|
|
| aka "Glue Layer" |
|
|
---------------------------------
|
|
⬍
|
|
---------------------------------
|
|
| MUSB Controller Hardware |
|
|
---------------------------------
|
|
|
|
As outlined above, the glue layer is actually the platform specific code
|
|
sitting in between the controller driver and the controller hardware.
|
|
|
|
Just like a Linux USB driver needs to register itself with the Linux USB
|
|
subsystem, the MUSB glue layer needs first to register itself with the
|
|
MUSB controller driver. This will allow the controller driver to know
|
|
about which device the glue layer supports and which functions to call
|
|
when a supported device is detected or released; remember we are talking
|
|
about an embedded controller chip here, so no insertion or removal at
|
|
run-time.
|
|
|
|
All of this information is passed to the MUSB controller driver through
|
|
a :c:type:`platform_driver` structure defined in the glue layer as::
|
|
|
|
static struct platform_driver jz4740_driver = {
|
|
.probe = jz4740_probe,
|
|
.remove = jz4740_remove,
|
|
.driver = {
|
|
.name = "musb-jz4740",
|
|
},
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
The probe and remove function pointers are called when a matching device
|
|
is detected and, respectively, released. The name string describes the
|
|
device supported by this glue layer. In the current case it matches a
|
|
platform_device structure declared in ``arch/mips/jz4740/platform.c``. Note
|
|
that we are not using device tree bindings here.
|
|
|
|
In order to register itself to the controller driver, the glue layer
|
|
goes through a few steps, basically allocating the controller hardware
|
|
resources and initialising a couple of circuits. To do so, it needs to
|
|
keep track of the information used throughout these steps. This is done
|
|
by defining a private ``jz4740_glue`` structure::
|
|
|
|
struct jz4740_glue {
|
|
struct device *dev;
|
|
struct platform_device *musb;
|
|
struct clk *clk;
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
|
|
The dev and musb members are both device structure variables. The first
|
|
one holds generic information about the device, since it's the basic
|
|
device structure, and the latter holds information more closely related
|
|
to the subsystem the device is registered to. The clk variable keeps
|
|
information related to the device clock operation.
|
|
|
|
Let's go through the steps of the probe function that leads the glue
|
|
layer to register itself to the controller driver.
|
|
|
|
.. note::
|
|
|
|
For the sake of readability each function will be split in logical
|
|
parts, each part being shown as if it was independent from the others.
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: c
|
|
:emphasize-lines: 8,12,18
|
|
|
|
static int jz4740_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
|
|
{
|
|
struct platform_device *musb;
|
|
struct jz4740_glue *glue;
|
|
struct clk *clk;
|
|
int ret;
|
|
|
|
glue = devm_kzalloc(&pdev->dev, sizeof(*glue), GFP_KERNEL);
|
|
if (!glue)
|
|
return -ENOMEM;
|
|
|
|
musb = platform_device_alloc("musb-hdrc", PLATFORM_DEVID_AUTO);
|
|
if (!musb) {
|
|
dev_err(&pdev->dev, "failed to allocate musb device\n");
|
|
return -ENOMEM;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
clk = devm_clk_get(&pdev->dev, "udc");
|
|
if (IS_ERR(clk)) {
|
|
dev_err(&pdev->dev, "failed to get clock\n");
|
|
ret = PTR_ERR(clk);
|
|
goto err_platform_device_put;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
ret = clk_prepare_enable(clk);
|
|
if (ret) {
|
|
dev_err(&pdev->dev, "failed to enable clock\n");
|
|
goto err_platform_device_put;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
musb->dev.parent = &pdev->dev;
|
|
|
|
glue->dev = &pdev->dev;
|
|
glue->musb = musb;
|
|
glue->clk = clk;
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
err_platform_device_put:
|
|
platform_device_put(musb);
|
|
return ret;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
The first few lines of the probe function allocate and assign the glue,
|
|
musb and clk variables. The ``GFP_KERNEL`` flag (line 8) allows the
|
|
allocation process to sleep and wait for memory, thus being usable in a
|
|
locking situation. The ``PLATFORM_DEVID_AUTO`` flag (line 12) allows
|
|
automatic allocation and management of device IDs in order to avoid
|
|
device namespace collisions with explicit IDs. With :c:func:`devm_clk_get`
|
|
(line 18) the glue layer allocates the clock -- the ``devm_`` prefix
|
|
indicates that :c:func:`clk_get` is managed: it automatically frees the
|
|
allocated clock resource data when the device is released -- and enable
|
|
it.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Then comes the registration steps:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: c
|
|
:emphasize-lines: 3,5,7,9,16
|
|
|
|
static int jz4740_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
|
|
{
|
|
struct musb_hdrc_platform_data *pdata = &jz4740_musb_platform_data;
|
|
|
|
pdata->platform_ops = &jz4740_musb_ops;
|
|
|
|
platform_set_drvdata(pdev, glue);
|
|
|
|
ret = platform_device_add_resources(musb, pdev->resource,
|
|
pdev->num_resources);
|
|
if (ret) {
|
|
dev_err(&pdev->dev, "failed to add resources\n");
|
|
goto err_clk_disable;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
ret = platform_device_add_data(musb, pdata, sizeof(*pdata));
|
|
if (ret) {
|
|
dev_err(&pdev->dev, "failed to add platform_data\n");
|
|
goto err_clk_disable;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
err_clk_disable:
|
|
clk_disable_unprepare(clk);
|
|
err_platform_device_put:
|
|
platform_device_put(musb);
|
|
return ret;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
The first step is to pass the device data privately held by the glue
|
|
layer on to the controller driver through :c:func:`platform_set_drvdata`
|
|
(line 7). Next is passing on the device resources information, also privately
|
|
held at that point, through :c:func:`platform_device_add_resources` (line 9).
|
|
|
|
Finally comes passing on the platform specific data to the controller
|
|
driver (line 16). Platform data will be discussed in
|
|
:ref:`musb-dev-platform-data`, but here we are looking at the
|
|
``platform_ops`` function pointer (line 5) in ``musb_hdrc_platform_data``
|
|
structure (line 3). This function pointer allows the MUSB controller
|
|
driver to know which function to call for device operation::
|
|
|
|
static const struct musb_platform_ops jz4740_musb_ops = {
|
|
.init = jz4740_musb_init,
|
|
.exit = jz4740_musb_exit,
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
Here we have the minimal case where only init and exit functions are
|
|
called by the controller driver when needed. Fact is the JZ4740 MUSB
|
|
controller is a basic controller, lacking some features found in other
|
|
controllers, otherwise we may also have pointers to a few other
|
|
functions like a power management function or a function to switch
|
|
between OTG and non-OTG modes, for instance.
|
|
|
|
At that point of the registration process, the controller driver
|
|
actually calls the init function:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: c
|
|
:emphasize-lines: 12,14
|
|
|
|
static int jz4740_musb_init(struct musb *musb)
|
|
{
|
|
musb->xceiv = usb_get_phy(USB_PHY_TYPE_USB2);
|
|
if (!musb->xceiv) {
|
|
pr_err("HS UDC: no transceiver configured\n");
|
|
return -ENODEV;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/* Silicon does not implement ConfigData register.
|
|
* Set dyn_fifo to avoid reading EP config from hardware.
|
|
*/
|
|
musb->dyn_fifo = true;
|
|
|
|
musb->isr = jz4740_musb_interrupt;
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
The goal of ``jz4740_musb_init()`` is to get hold of the transceiver
|
|
driver data of the MUSB controller hardware and pass it on to the MUSB
|
|
controller driver, as usual. The transceiver is the circuitry inside the
|
|
controller hardware responsible for sending/receiving the USB data.
|
|
Since it is an implementation of the physical layer of the OSI model,
|
|
the transceiver is also referred to as PHY.
|
|
|
|
Getting hold of the ``MUSB PHY`` driver data is done with ``usb_get_phy()``
|
|
which returns a pointer to the structure containing the driver instance
|
|
data. The next couple of instructions (line 12 and 14) are used as a
|
|
quirk and to setup IRQ handling respectively. Quirks and IRQ handling
|
|
will be discussed later in :ref:`musb-dev-quirks` and
|
|
:ref:`musb-handling-irqs`\ ::
|
|
|
|
static int jz4740_musb_exit(struct musb *musb)
|
|
{
|
|
usb_put_phy(musb->xceiv);
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
Acting as the counterpart of init, the exit function releases the MUSB
|
|
PHY driver when the controller hardware itself is about to be released.
|
|
|
|
Again, note that init and exit are fairly simple in this case due to the
|
|
basic set of features of the JZ4740 controller hardware. When writing an
|
|
musb glue layer for a more complex controller hardware, you might need
|
|
to take care of more processing in those two functions.
|
|
|
|
Returning from the init function, the MUSB controller driver jumps back
|
|
into the probe function::
|
|
|
|
static int jz4740_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
|
|
{
|
|
ret = platform_device_add(musb);
|
|
if (ret) {
|
|
dev_err(&pdev->dev, "failed to register musb device\n");
|
|
goto err_clk_disable;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
err_clk_disable:
|
|
clk_disable_unprepare(clk);
|
|
err_platform_device_put:
|
|
platform_device_put(musb);
|
|
return ret;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
This is the last part of the device registration process where the glue
|
|
layer adds the controller hardware device to Linux kernel device
|
|
hierarchy: at this stage, all known information about the device is
|
|
passed on to the Linux USB core stack:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: c
|
|
:emphasize-lines: 5,6
|
|
|
|
static int jz4740_remove(struct platform_device *pdev)
|
|
{
|
|
struct jz4740_glue *glue = platform_get_drvdata(pdev);
|
|
|
|
platform_device_unregister(glue->musb);
|
|
clk_disable_unprepare(glue->clk);
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
Acting as the counterpart of probe, the remove function unregister the
|
|
MUSB controller hardware (line 5) and disable the clock (line 6),
|
|
allowing it to be gated.
|
|
|
|
.. _musb-handling-irqs:
|
|
|
|
Handling IRQs
|
|
=============
|
|
|
|
Additionally to the MUSB controller hardware basic setup and
|
|
registration, the glue layer is also responsible for handling the IRQs:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: c
|
|
:emphasize-lines: 7,9-11,14,24
|
|
|
|
static irqreturn_t jz4740_musb_interrupt(int irq, void *__hci)
|
|
{
|
|
unsigned long flags;
|
|
irqreturn_t retval = IRQ_NONE;
|
|
struct musb *musb = __hci;
|
|
|
|
spin_lock_irqsave(&musb->lock, flags);
|
|
|
|
musb->int_usb = musb_readb(musb->mregs, MUSB_INTRUSB);
|
|
musb->int_tx = musb_readw(musb->mregs, MUSB_INTRTX);
|
|
musb->int_rx = musb_readw(musb->mregs, MUSB_INTRRX);
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
* The controller is gadget only, the state of the host mode IRQ bits is
|
|
* undefined. Mask them to make sure that the musb driver core will
|
|
* never see them set
|
|
*/
|
|
musb->int_usb &= MUSB_INTR_SUSPEND | MUSB_INTR_RESUME |
|
|
MUSB_INTR_RESET | MUSB_INTR_SOF;
|
|
|
|
if (musb->int_usb || musb->int_tx || musb->int_rx)
|
|
retval = musb_interrupt(musb);
|
|
|
|
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&musb->lock, flags);
|
|
|
|
return retval;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
Here the glue layer mostly has to read the relevant hardware registers
|
|
and pass their values on to the controller driver which will handle the
|
|
actual event that triggered the IRQ.
|
|
|
|
The interrupt handler critical section is protected by the
|
|
:c:func:`spin_lock_irqsave` and counterpart :c:func:`spin_unlock_irqrestore`
|
|
functions (line 7 and 24 respectively), which prevent the interrupt
|
|
handler code to be run by two different threads at the same time.
|
|
|
|
Then the relevant interrupt registers are read (line 9 to 11):
|
|
|
|
- ``MUSB_INTRUSB``: indicates which USB interrupts are currently active,
|
|
|
|
- ``MUSB_INTRTX``: indicates which of the interrupts for TX endpoints are
|
|
currently active,
|
|
|
|
- ``MUSB_INTRRX``: indicates which of the interrupts for TX endpoints are
|
|
currently active.
|
|
|
|
Note that :c:func:`musb_readb` is used to read 8-bit registers at most, while
|
|
:c:func:`musb_readw` allows us to read at most 16-bit registers. There are
|
|
other functions that can be used depending on the size of your device
|
|
registers. See ``musb_io.h`` for more information.
|
|
|
|
Instruction on line 18 is another quirk specific to the JZ4740 USB
|
|
device controller, which will be discussed later in :ref:`musb-dev-quirks`.
|
|
|
|
The glue layer still needs to register the IRQ handler though. Remember
|
|
the instruction on line 14 of the init function::
|
|
|
|
static int jz4740_musb_init(struct musb *musb)
|
|
{
|
|
musb->isr = jz4740_musb_interrupt;
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
This instruction sets a pointer to the glue layer IRQ handler function,
|
|
in order for the controller hardware to call the handler back when an
|
|
IRQ comes from the controller hardware. The interrupt handler is now
|
|
implemented and registered.
|
|
|
|
.. _musb-dev-platform-data:
|
|
|
|
Device Platform Data
|
|
====================
|
|
|
|
In order to write an MUSB glue layer, you need to have some data
|
|
describing the hardware capabilities of your controller hardware, which
|
|
is called the platform data.
|
|
|
|
Platform data is specific to your hardware, though it may cover a broad
|
|
range of devices, and is generally found somewhere in the ``arch/``
|
|
directory, depending on your device architecture.
|
|
|
|
For instance, platform data for the JZ4740 SoC is found in
|
|
``arch/mips/jz4740/platform.c``. In the ``platform.c`` file each device of the
|
|
JZ4740 SoC is described through a set of structures.
|
|
|
|
Here is the part of ``arch/mips/jz4740/platform.c`` that covers the USB
|
|
Device Controller (UDC):
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: c
|
|
:emphasize-lines: 2,7,14-17,21,22,25,26,28,29
|
|
|
|
/* USB Device Controller */
|
|
struct platform_device jz4740_udc_xceiv_device = {
|
|
.name = "usb_phy_gen_xceiv",
|
|
.id = 0,
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
static struct resource jz4740_udc_resources[] = {
|
|
[0] = {
|
|
.start = JZ4740_UDC_BASE_ADDR,
|
|
.end = JZ4740_UDC_BASE_ADDR + 0x10000 - 1,
|
|
.flags = IORESOURCE_MEM,
|
|
},
|
|
[1] = {
|
|
.start = JZ4740_IRQ_UDC,
|
|
.end = JZ4740_IRQ_UDC,
|
|
.flags = IORESOURCE_IRQ,
|
|
.name = "mc",
|
|
},
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
struct platform_device jz4740_udc_device = {
|
|
.name = "musb-jz4740",
|
|
.id = -1,
|
|
.dev = {
|
|
.dma_mask = &jz4740_udc_device.dev.coherent_dma_mask,
|
|
.coherent_dma_mask = DMA_BIT_MASK(32),
|
|
},
|
|
.num_resources = ARRAY_SIZE(jz4740_udc_resources),
|
|
.resource = jz4740_udc_resources,
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
The ``jz4740_udc_xceiv_device`` platform device structure (line 2)
|
|
describes the UDC transceiver with a name and id number.
|
|
|
|
At the time of this writing, note that ``usb_phy_gen_xceiv`` is the
|
|
specific name to be used for all transceivers that are either built-in
|
|
with reference USB IP or autonomous and doesn't require any PHY
|
|
programming. You will need to set ``CONFIG_NOP_USB_XCEIV=y`` in the
|
|
kernel configuration to make use of the corresponding transceiver
|
|
driver. The id field could be set to -1 (equivalent to
|
|
``PLATFORM_DEVID_NONE``), -2 (equivalent to ``PLATFORM_DEVID_AUTO``) or
|
|
start with 0 for the first device of this kind if we want a specific id
|
|
number.
|
|
|
|
The ``jz4740_udc_resources`` resource structure (line 7) defines the UDC
|
|
registers base addresses.
|
|
|
|
The first array (line 9 to 11) defines the UDC registers base memory
|
|
addresses: start points to the first register memory address, end points
|
|
to the last register memory address and the flags member defines the
|
|
type of resource we are dealing with. So ``IORESOURCE_MEM`` is used to
|
|
define the registers memory addresses. The second array (line 14 to 17)
|
|
defines the UDC IRQ registers addresses. Since there is only one IRQ
|
|
register available for the JZ4740 UDC, start and end point at the same
|
|
address. The ``IORESOURCE_IRQ`` flag tells that we are dealing with IRQ
|
|
resources, and the name ``mc`` is in fact hard-coded in the MUSB core in
|
|
order for the controller driver to retrieve this IRQ resource by
|
|
querying it by its name.
|
|
|
|
Finally, the ``jz4740_udc_device`` platform device structure (line 21)
|
|
describes the UDC itself.
|
|
|
|
The ``musb-jz4740`` name (line 22) defines the MUSB driver that is used
|
|
for this device; remember this is in fact the name that we used in the
|
|
``jz4740_driver`` platform driver structure in :ref:`musb-basics`.
|
|
The id field (line 23) is set to -1 (equivalent to ``PLATFORM_DEVID_NONE``)
|
|
since we do not need an id for the device: the MUSB controller driver was
|
|
already set to allocate an automatic id in :ref:`musb-basics`. In the dev field
|
|
we care for DMA related information here. The ``dma_mask`` field (line 25)
|
|
defines the width of the DMA mask that is going to be used, and
|
|
``coherent_dma_mask`` (line 26) has the same purpose but for the
|
|
``alloc_coherent`` DMA mappings: in both cases we are using a 32 bits mask.
|
|
Then the resource field (line 29) is simply a pointer to the resource
|
|
structure defined before, while the ``num_resources`` field (line 28) keeps
|
|
track of the number of arrays defined in the resource structure (in this
|
|
case there were two resource arrays defined before).
|
|
|
|
With this quick overview of the UDC platform data at the ``arch/`` level now
|
|
done, let's get back to the MUSB glue layer specific platform data in
|
|
``drivers/usb/musb/jz4740.c``:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: c
|
|
:emphasize-lines: 3,5,7-9,11
|
|
|
|
static struct musb_hdrc_config jz4740_musb_config = {
|
|
/* Silicon does not implement USB OTG. */
|
|
.multipoint = 0,
|
|
/* Max EPs scanned, driver will decide which EP can be used. */
|
|
.num_eps = 4,
|
|
/* RAMbits needed to configure EPs from table */
|
|
.ram_bits = 9,
|
|
.fifo_cfg = jz4740_musb_fifo_cfg,
|
|
.fifo_cfg_size = ARRAY_SIZE(jz4740_musb_fifo_cfg),
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
static struct musb_hdrc_platform_data jz4740_musb_platform_data = {
|
|
.mode = MUSB_PERIPHERAL,
|
|
.config = &jz4740_musb_config,
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
First the glue layer configures some aspects of the controller driver
|
|
operation related to the controller hardware specifics. This is done
|
|
through the ``jz4740_musb_config`` :c:type:`musb_hdrc_config` structure.
|
|
|
|
Defining the OTG capability of the controller hardware, the multipoint
|
|
member (line 3) is set to 0 (equivalent to false) since the JZ4740 UDC
|
|
is not OTG compatible. Then ``num_eps`` (line 5) defines the number of USB
|
|
endpoints of the controller hardware, including endpoint 0: here we have
|
|
3 endpoints + endpoint 0. Next is ``ram_bits`` (line 7) which is the width
|
|
of the RAM address bus for the MUSB controller hardware. This
|
|
information is needed when the controller driver cannot automatically
|
|
configure endpoints by reading the relevant controller hardware
|
|
registers. This issue will be discussed when we get to device quirks in
|
|
:ref:`musb-dev-quirks`. Last two fields (line 8 and 9) are also
|
|
about device quirks: ``fifo_cfg`` points to the USB endpoints configuration
|
|
table and ``fifo_cfg_size`` keeps track of the size of the number of
|
|
entries in that configuration table. More on that later in
|
|
:ref:`musb-dev-quirks`.
|
|
|
|
Then this configuration is embedded inside ``jz4740_musb_platform_data``
|
|
:c:type:`musb_hdrc_platform_data` structure (line 11): config is a pointer to
|
|
the configuration structure itself, and mode tells the controller driver
|
|
if the controller hardware may be used as ``MUSB_HOST`` only,
|
|
``MUSB_PERIPHERAL`` only or ``MUSB_OTG`` which is a dual mode.
|
|
|
|
Remember that ``jz4740_musb_platform_data`` is then used to convey
|
|
platform data information as we have seen in the probe function in
|
|
:ref:`musb-basics`.
|
|
|
|
.. _musb-dev-quirks:
|
|
|
|
Device Quirks
|
|
=============
|
|
|
|
Completing the platform data specific to your device, you may also need
|
|
to write some code in the glue layer to work around some device specific
|
|
limitations. These quirks may be due to some hardware bugs, or simply be
|
|
the result of an incomplete implementation of the USB On-the-Go
|
|
specification.
|
|
|
|
The JZ4740 UDC exhibits such quirks, some of which we will discuss here
|
|
for the sake of insight even though these might not be found in the
|
|
controller hardware you are working on.
|
|
|
|
Let's get back to the init function first:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: c
|
|
:emphasize-lines: 12
|
|
|
|
static int jz4740_musb_init(struct musb *musb)
|
|
{
|
|
musb->xceiv = usb_get_phy(USB_PHY_TYPE_USB2);
|
|
if (!musb->xceiv) {
|
|
pr_err("HS UDC: no transceiver configured\n");
|
|
return -ENODEV;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/* Silicon does not implement ConfigData register.
|
|
* Set dyn_fifo to avoid reading EP config from hardware.
|
|
*/
|
|
musb->dyn_fifo = true;
|
|
|
|
musb->isr = jz4740_musb_interrupt;
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
Instruction on line 12 helps the MUSB controller driver to work around
|
|
the fact that the controller hardware is missing registers that are used
|
|
for USB endpoints configuration.
|
|
|
|
Without these registers, the controller driver is unable to read the
|
|
endpoints configuration from the hardware, so we use line 12 instruction
|
|
to bypass reading the configuration from silicon, and rely on a
|
|
hard-coded table that describes the endpoints configuration instead::
|
|
|
|
static struct musb_fifo_cfg jz4740_musb_fifo_cfg[] = {
|
|
{ .hw_ep_num = 1, .style = FIFO_TX, .maxpacket = 512, },
|
|
{ .hw_ep_num = 1, .style = FIFO_RX, .maxpacket = 512, },
|
|
{ .hw_ep_num = 2, .style = FIFO_TX, .maxpacket = 64, },
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
Looking at the configuration table above, we see that each endpoints is
|
|
described by three fields: ``hw_ep_num`` is the endpoint number, style is
|
|
its direction (either ``FIFO_TX`` for the controller driver to send packets
|
|
in the controller hardware, or ``FIFO_RX`` to receive packets from
|
|
hardware), and maxpacket defines the maximum size of each data packet
|
|
that can be transmitted over that endpoint. Reading from the table, the
|
|
controller driver knows that endpoint 1 can be used to send and receive
|
|
USB data packets of 512 bytes at once (this is in fact a bulk in/out
|
|
endpoint), and endpoint 2 can be used to send data packets of 64 bytes
|
|
at once (this is in fact an interrupt endpoint).
|
|
|
|
Note that there is no information about endpoint 0 here: that one is
|
|
implemented by default in every silicon design, with a predefined
|
|
configuration according to the USB specification. For more examples of
|
|
endpoint configuration tables, see ``musb_core.c``.
|
|
|
|
Let's now get back to the interrupt handler function:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: c
|
|
:emphasize-lines: 18-19
|
|
|
|
static irqreturn_t jz4740_musb_interrupt(int irq, void *__hci)
|
|
{
|
|
unsigned long flags;
|
|
irqreturn_t retval = IRQ_NONE;
|
|
struct musb *musb = __hci;
|
|
|
|
spin_lock_irqsave(&musb->lock, flags);
|
|
|
|
musb->int_usb = musb_readb(musb->mregs, MUSB_INTRUSB);
|
|
musb->int_tx = musb_readw(musb->mregs, MUSB_INTRTX);
|
|
musb->int_rx = musb_readw(musb->mregs, MUSB_INTRRX);
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
* The controller is gadget only, the state of the host mode IRQ bits is
|
|
* undefined. Mask them to make sure that the musb driver core will
|
|
* never see them set
|
|
*/
|
|
musb->int_usb &= MUSB_INTR_SUSPEND | MUSB_INTR_RESUME |
|
|
MUSB_INTR_RESET | MUSB_INTR_SOF;
|
|
|
|
if (musb->int_usb || musb->int_tx || musb->int_rx)
|
|
retval = musb_interrupt(musb);
|
|
|
|
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&musb->lock, flags);
|
|
|
|
return retval;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
Instruction on line 18 above is a way for the controller driver to work
|
|
around the fact that some interrupt bits used for USB host mode
|
|
operation are missing in the ``MUSB_INTRUSB`` register, thus left in an
|
|
undefined hardware state, since this MUSB controller hardware is used in
|
|
peripheral mode only. As a consequence, the glue layer masks these
|
|
missing bits out to avoid parasite interrupts by doing a logical AND
|
|
operation between the value read from ``MUSB_INTRUSB`` and the bits that
|
|
are actually implemented in the register.
|
|
|
|
These are only a couple of the quirks found in the JZ4740 USB device
|
|
controller. Some others were directly addressed in the MUSB core since
|
|
the fixes were generic enough to provide a better handling of the issues
|
|
for others controller hardware eventually.
|
|
|
|
Conclusion
|
|
==========
|
|
|
|
Writing a Linux MUSB glue layer should be a more accessible task, as
|
|
this documentation tries to show the ins and outs of this exercise.
|
|
|
|
The JZ4740 USB device controller being fairly simple, I hope its glue
|
|
layer serves as a good example for the curious mind. Used with the
|
|
current MUSB glue layers, this documentation should provide enough
|
|
guidance to get started; should anything gets out of hand, the linux-usb
|
|
mailing list archive is another helpful resource to browse through.
|
|
|
|
Acknowledgements
|
|
================
|
|
|
|
Many thanks to Lars-Peter Clausen and Maarten ter Huurne for answering
|
|
my questions while I was writing the JZ4740 glue layer and for helping
|
|
me out getting the code in good shape.
|
|
|
|
I would also like to thank the Qi-Hardware community at large for its
|
|
cheerful guidance and support.
|
|
|
|
Resources
|
|
=========
|
|
|
|
USB Home Page: http://www.usb.org
|
|
|
|
linux-usb Mailing List Archives: http://marc.info/?l=linux-usb
|
|
|
|
USB On-the-Go Basics:
|
|
http://www.maximintegrated.com/app-notes/index.mvp/id/1822
|
|
|
|
:ref:`Writing USB Device Drivers <writing-usb-driver>`
|
|
|
|
Texas Instruments USB Configuration Wiki Page:
|
|
http://processors.wiki.ti.com/index.php/Usbgeneralpage
|