- sysctl and seccomp operation to discover available actions. (tyhicks)
- new per-filter configurable logging infrastructure and sysctl. (tyhicks)
- SECCOMP_RET_LOG to log allowed syscalls. (tyhicks)
- SECCOMP_RET_KILL_PROCESS as the new strictest possible action.
- self-tests for new behaviors.
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Merge tag 'seccomp-v4.14-rc2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kees/linux
Pull seccomp updates from Kees Cook:
"Major additions:
- sysctl and seccomp operation to discover available actions
(tyhicks)
- new per-filter configurable logging infrastructure and sysctl
(tyhicks)
- SECCOMP_RET_LOG to log allowed syscalls (tyhicks)
- SECCOMP_RET_KILL_PROCESS as the new strictest possible action
- self-tests for new behaviors"
[ This is the seccomp part of the security pull request during the merge
window that was nixed due to unrelated problems - Linus ]
* tag 'seccomp-v4.14-rc2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kees/linux:
samples: Unrename SECCOMP_RET_KILL
selftests/seccomp: Test thread vs process killing
seccomp: Implement SECCOMP_RET_KILL_PROCESS action
seccomp: Introduce SECCOMP_RET_KILL_PROCESS
seccomp: Rename SECCOMP_RET_KILL to SECCOMP_RET_KILL_THREAD
seccomp: Action to log before allowing
seccomp: Filter flag to log all actions except SECCOMP_RET_ALLOW
seccomp: Selftest for detection of filter flag support
seccomp: Sysctl to configure actions that are allowed to be logged
seccomp: Operation for checking if an action is available
seccomp: Sysctl to display available actions
seccomp: Provide matching filter for introspection
selftests/seccomp: Refactor RET_ERRNO tests
selftests/seccomp: Add simple seccomp overhead benchmark
selftests/seccomp: Add tests for basic ptrace actions
Fix misprint CAP_IOC_LOCK -> CAP_IPC_LOCK. This capability have nothing
to do with raw tracepoints. This part is about bypassing mlock limits.
Sysctl kernel.perf_event_paranoid = -1 allows raw and ftrace function
tracepoints without CAP_SYS_ADMIN.
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@yandex-team.ru>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/150322916080.129746.11285255474738558340.stgit@buzz
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
This patch creates a read-only sysctl containing an ordered list of
seccomp actions that the kernel supports. The ordering, from left to
right, is the lowest action value (kill) to the highest action value
(allow). Currently, a read of the sysctl file would return "kill trap
errno trace allow". The contents of this sysctl file can be useful for
userspace code as well as the system administrator.
The path to the sysctl is:
/proc/sys/kernel/seccomp/actions_avail
libseccomp and other userspace code can easily determine which actions
the current kernel supports. The set of actions supported by the current
kernel may be different than the set of action macros found in kernel
headers that were installed where the userspace code was built.
In addition, this sysctl will allow system administrators to know which
actions are supported by the kernel and make it easier to configure
exactly what seccomp logs through the audit subsystem. Support for this
level of logging configuration will come in a future patch.
Signed-off-by: Tyler Hicks <tyhicks@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Commit 9d85025b04 ("docs-rst: create an user's manual book") moved the
sysrq.txt leaving old paths in the kernel docs.
Signed-off-by: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzk@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
It's another busy cycle for the docs tree, as the sphinx conversion
continues. Highlights include:
- Further work on PDF output, which remains a bit of a pain but should be
more solid now.
- Five more DocBook template files converted to Sphinx. Only 27 to go...
Lots of plain-text files have also been converted and integrated.
- Images in binary formats have been replaced with more source-friendly
versions.
- Various bits of organizational work, including the renaming of various
files discussed at the kernel summit.
- New documentation for the device_link mechanism.
...and, of course, lots of typo fixes and small updates.
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Merge tag 'docs-4.10' of git://git.lwn.net/linux
Pull documentation update from Jonathan Corbet:
"These are the documentation changes for 4.10.
It's another busy cycle for the docs tree, as the sphinx conversion
continues. Highlights include:
- Further work on PDF output, which remains a bit of a pain but
should be more solid now.
- Five more DocBook template files converted to Sphinx. Only 27 to
go... Lots of plain-text files have also been converted and
integrated.
- Images in binary formats have been replaced with more
source-friendly versions.
- Various bits of organizational work, including the renaming of
various files discussed at the kernel summit.
- New documentation for the device_link mechanism.
... and, of course, lots of typo fixes and small updates"
* tag 'docs-4.10' of git://git.lwn.net/linux: (193 commits)
dma-buf: Extract dma-buf.rst
Update Documentation/00-INDEX
docs: 00-INDEX: document directories/files with no docs
docs: 00-INDEX: remove non-existing entries
docs: 00-INDEX: add missing entries for documentation files/dirs
docs: 00-INDEX: consolidate process/ and admin-guide/ description
scripts: add a script to check if Documentation/00-INDEX is sane
Docs: change sh -> awk in REPORTING-BUGS
Documentation/core-api/device_link: Add initial documentation
core-api: remove an unexpected unident
ppc/idle: Add documentation for powersave=off
Doc: Correct typo, "Introdution" => "Introduction"
Documentation/atomic_ops.txt: convert to ReST markup
Documentation/local_ops.txt: convert to ReST markup
Documentation/assoc_array.txt: convert to ReST markup
docs-rst: parse-headers.pl: cleanup the documentation
docs-rst: fix media cleandocs target
docs-rst: media/Makefile: reorganize the rules
docs-rst: media: build SVG from graphviz files
docs-rst: replace bayer.png by a SVG image
...
For mostly historical reasons, the x86 oops dump shows the raw stack
values:
...
[registers]
Stack:
ffff880079af7350 ffff880079905400 0000000000000000 ffffc900008f3ae0
ffffffffa0196610 0000000000000001 00010000ffffffff 0000000087654321
0000000000000002 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000
Call Trace:
...
This seems to be an artifact from long ago, and probably isn't needed
anymore. It generally just adds noise to the dump, and it can be
actively harmful because it leaks kernel addresses.
Linus says:
"The stack dump actually goes back to forever, and it used to be
useful back in 1992 or so. But it used to be useful mainly because
stacks were simpler and we didn't have very good call traces anyway. I
definitely remember having used them - I just do not remember having
used them in the last ten+ years.
Of course, it's still true that if you can trigger an oops, you've
likely already lost the security game, but since the stack dump is so
useless, let's aim to just remove it and make games like the above
harder."
This also removes the related 'kstack=' cmdline option and the
'kstack_depth_to_print' sysctl.
Suggested-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/e83bd50df52d8fe88e94d2566426ae40d813bf8f.1477405374.git.jpoimboe@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
The previous patch renamed several files that are cross-referenced
along the Kernel documentation. Adjust the links to point to
the right places.
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
Add a "printk.devkmsg" kernel command line parameter which controls how
userspace writes into /dev/kmsg. It has three options:
* ratelimit - ratelimit logging from userspace.
* on - unlimited logging from userspace
* off - logging from userspace gets ignored
The default setting is to ratelimit the messages written to it.
This changes the kernel default setting of "on" to "ratelimit" and we do
that because we want to keep userspace spamming /dev/kmsg to sane
levels. This is especially moot when a small kernel log buffer wraps
around and messages get lost. So the ratelimiting setting should be a
sane setting where kernel messages should have a bit higher chance of
survival from all the spamming.
It additionally does not limit logging to /dev/kmsg while the system is
booting if we haven't disabled it on the command line.
Furthermore, we can control the logging from a lower priority sysctl
interface - kernel.printk_devkmsg.
That interface will succeed only if printk.devkmsg *hasn't* been
supplied on the command line. If it has, then printk.devkmsg is a
one-time setting which remains for the duration of the system lifetime.
This "locking" of the setting is to prevent userspace from changing the
logging on us through sysctl(2).
This patch is based on previous patches from Linus and Steven.
[bp@suse.de: fixes]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160719072344.GC25563@nazgul.tnic
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160716061745.15795-3-bp@alien8.de
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
Cc: Franck Bui <fbui@suse.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Uwe Kleine-König <u.kleine-koenig@pengutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
It is not always easy to determine the cause of an RCU stall just by
analysing the RCU stall messages, mainly when the problem is caused
by the indirect starvation of rcu threads. For example, when preempt_rcu
is not awakened due to the starvation of a timer softirq.
We have been hard coding panic() in the RCU stall functions for
some time while testing the kernel-rt. But this is not possible in
some scenarios, like when supporting customers.
This patch implements the sysctl kernel.panic_on_rcu_stall. If
set to 1, the system will panic() when an RCU stall takes place,
enabling the capture of a vmcore. The vmcore provides a way to analyze
all kernel/tasks states, helping out to point to the culprit and the
solution for the stall.
The kernel.panic_on_rcu_stall sysctl is disabled by default.
Changes from v1:
- Fixed a typo in the git log
- The if(sysctl_panic_on_rcu_stall) panic() is in a static function
- Fixed the CONFIG_TINY_RCU compilation issue
- The var sysctl_panic_on_rcu_stall is now __read_mostly
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <jiangshanlai@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Reviewed-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@kernel.org>
Tested-by: "Luis Claudio R. Goncalves" <lgoncalv@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Bristot de Oliveira <bristot@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The perf_sample->ip_callchain->nr value includes all the entries in the
ip_callchain->ip[] array, real addresses and PERF_CONTEXT_{KERNEL,USER,etc},
while what the user expects is that what is in the kernel.perf_event_max_stack
sysctl or in the upcoming per event perf_event_attr.sample_max_stack knob be
honoured in terms of IP addresses in the stack trace.
So allocate a bunch of extra entries for contexts, and do the accounting
via perf_callchain_entry_ctx struct members.
A new sysctl, kernel.perf_event_max_contexts_per_stack is also
introduced for investigating possible bugs in the callchain
implementation by some arch.
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Cc: Brendan Gregg <brendan.d.gregg@gmail.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: He Kuang <hekuang@huawei.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Cc: Milian Wolff <milian.wolff@kdab.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
Cc: Wang Nan <wangnan0@huawei.com>
Cc: Zefan Li <lizefan@huawei.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-3b4wnqk340c4sg4gwkfdi9yk@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Allowing unprivileged kernel profiling lets any user dump follow kernel
control flow and dump kernel registers. This most likely allows trivial
kASLR bypassing, and it may allow other mischief as well. (Off the top
of my head, the PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_INTR output during /dev/urandom reads
could be quite interesting.)
Signed-off-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The default remains 127, which is good for most cases, and not even hit
most of the time, but then for some cases, as reported by Brendan, 1024+
deep frames are appearing on the radar for things like groovy, ruby.
And in some workloads putting a _lower_ cap on this may make sense. One
that is per event still needs to be put in place tho.
The new file is:
# cat /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_max_stack
127
Chaging it:
# echo 256 > /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_max_stack
# cat /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_max_stack
256
But as soon as there is some event using callchains we get:
# echo 512 > /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_max_stack
-bash: echo: write error: Device or resource busy
#
Because we only allocate the callchain percpu data structures when there
is a user, which allows for changing the max easily, its just a matter
of having no callchain users at that point.
Reported-and-Tested-by: Brendan Gregg <brendan.d.gregg@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: He Kuang <hekuang@huawei.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Cc: Milian Wolff <milian.wolff@kdab.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
Cc: Wang Nan <wangnan0@huawei.com>
Cc: Zefan Li <lizefan@huawei.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160426002928.GB16708@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Here's the big tty/serial driver pull request for 4.6-rc1.
Lots of changes in here, Peter has been on a tear again, with lots of
refactoring and bugs fixes, many thanks to the great work he has been
doing. Lots of driver updates and fixes as well, full details in the
shortlog.
All have been in linux-next for a while with no reported issues.
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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Merge tag 'tty-4.6-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/tty
Pull tty/serial updates from Greg KH:
"Here's the big tty/serial driver pull request for 4.6-rc1.
Lots of changes in here, Peter has been on a tear again, with lots of
refactoring and bugs fixes, many thanks to the great work he has been
doing. Lots of driver updates and fixes as well, full details in the
shortlog.
All have been in linux-next for a while with no reported issues"
* tag 'tty-4.6-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/tty: (220 commits)
serial: 8250: describe CONFIG_SERIAL_8250_RSA
serial: samsung: optimize UART rx fifo access routine
serial: pl011: add mark/space parity support
serial: sa1100: make sa1100_register_uart_fns a function
tty: serial: 8250: add MOXA Smartio MUE boards support
serial: 8250: convert drivers to use up_to_u8250p()
serial: 8250/mediatek: fix building with SERIAL_8250=m
serial: 8250/ingenic: fix building with SERIAL_8250=m
serial: 8250/uniphier: fix modular build
Revert "drivers/tty/serial: make 8250/8250_ingenic.c explicitly non-modular"
Revert "drivers/tty/serial: make 8250/8250_mtk.c explicitly non-modular"
serial: mvebu-uart: initial support for Armada-3700 serial port
serial: mctrl_gpio: Add missing module license
serial: ifx6x60: avoid uninitialized variable use
tty/serial: at91: fix bad offset for UART timeout register
tty/serial: at91: restore dynamic driver binding
serial: 8250: Add hardware dependency to RT288X option
TTY, devpts: document pty count limiting
tty: goldfish: support platform_device with id -1
drivers: tty: goldfish: Add device tree bindings
...
Pull scheduler updates from Ingo Molnar:
"The main changes in this cycle are:
- Make schedstats a runtime tunable (disabled by default) and
optimize it via static keys.
As most distributions enable CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS=y due to its
instrumentation value, this is a nice performance enhancement.
(Mel Gorman)
- Implement 'simple waitqueues' (swait): these are just pure
waitqueues without any of the more complex features of full-blown
waitqueues (callbacks, wake flags, wake keys, etc.). Simple
waitqueues have less memory overhead and are faster.
Use simple waitqueues in the RCU code (in 4 different places) and
for handling KVM vCPU wakeups.
(Peter Zijlstra, Daniel Wagner, Thomas Gleixner, Paul Gortmaker,
Marcelo Tosatti)
- sched/numa enhancements (Rik van Riel)
- NOHZ performance enhancements (Rik van Riel)
- Various sched/deadline enhancements (Steven Rostedt)
- Various fixes (Peter Zijlstra)
- ... and a number of other fixes, cleanups and smaller enhancements"
* 'sched-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (29 commits)
sched/cputime: Fix steal_account_process_tick() to always return jiffies
sched/deadline: Remove dl_new from struct sched_dl_entity
Revert "kbuild: Add option to turn incompatible pointer check into error"
sched/deadline: Remove superfluous call to switched_to_dl()
sched/debug: Fix preempt_disable_ip recording for preempt_disable()
sched, time: Switch VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING_GEN to jiffy granularity
time, acct: Drop irq save & restore from __acct_update_integrals()
acct, time: Change indentation in __acct_update_integrals()
sched, time: Remove non-power-of-two divides from __acct_update_integrals()
sched/rt: Kick RT bandwidth timer immediately on start up
sched/debug: Add deadline scheduler bandwidth ratio to /proc/sched_debug
sched/debug: Move sched_domain_sysctl to debug.c
sched/debug: Move the /sys/kernel/debug/sched_features file setup into debug.c
sched/rt: Fix PI handling vs. sched_setscheduler()
sched/core: Remove duplicated sched_group_set_shares() prototype
sched/fair: Consolidate nohz CPU load update code
sched/fair: Avoid using decay_load_missed() with a negative value
sched/deadline: Always calculate end of period on sched_yield()
sched/cgroup: Fix cgroup entity load tracking tear-down
rcu: Use simple wait queues where possible in rcutree
...
Logic has been changed in kernel 3.4 by commit e9aba5158a
("tty: rework pty count limiting") but still not documented.
Sysctl kernel.pty.max works as global limit, kernel.pty.reserve ptys
are reserved for initial devpts instance (mounted without "newinstance").
Per-instance limit also could be set by mount option "max=%d".
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@yandex-team.ru>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
schedstats is very useful during debugging and performance tuning but it
incurs overhead to calculate the stats. As such, even though it can be
disabled at build time, it is often enabled as the information is useful.
This patch adds a kernel command-line and sysctl tunable to enable or
disable schedstats on demand (when it's built in). It is disabled
by default as someone who knows they need it can also learn to enable
it when necessary.
The benefits are dependent on how scheduler-intensive the workload is.
If it is then the patch reduces the number of cycles spent calculating
the stats with a small benefit from reducing the cache footprint of the
scheduler.
These measurements were taken from a 48-core 2-socket
machine with Xeon(R) E5-2670 v3 cpus although they were also tested on a
single socket machine 8-core machine with Intel i7-3770 processors.
netperf-tcp
4.5.0-rc1 4.5.0-rc1
vanilla nostats-v3r1
Hmean 64 560.45 ( 0.00%) 575.98 ( 2.77%)
Hmean 128 766.66 ( 0.00%) 795.79 ( 3.80%)
Hmean 256 950.51 ( 0.00%) 981.50 ( 3.26%)
Hmean 1024 1433.25 ( 0.00%) 1466.51 ( 2.32%)
Hmean 2048 2810.54 ( 0.00%) 2879.75 ( 2.46%)
Hmean 3312 4618.18 ( 0.00%) 4682.09 ( 1.38%)
Hmean 4096 5306.42 ( 0.00%) 5346.39 ( 0.75%)
Hmean 8192 10581.44 ( 0.00%) 10698.15 ( 1.10%)
Hmean 16384 18857.70 ( 0.00%) 18937.61 ( 0.42%)
Small gains here, UDP_STREAM showed nothing intresting and neither did
the TCP_RR tests. The gains on the 8-core machine were very similar.
tbench4
4.5.0-rc1 4.5.0-rc1
vanilla nostats-v3r1
Hmean mb/sec-1 500.85 ( 0.00%) 522.43 ( 4.31%)
Hmean mb/sec-2 984.66 ( 0.00%) 1018.19 ( 3.41%)
Hmean mb/sec-4 1827.91 ( 0.00%) 1847.78 ( 1.09%)
Hmean mb/sec-8 3561.36 ( 0.00%) 3611.28 ( 1.40%)
Hmean mb/sec-16 5824.52 ( 0.00%) 5929.03 ( 1.79%)
Hmean mb/sec-32 10943.10 ( 0.00%) 10802.83 ( -1.28%)
Hmean mb/sec-64 15950.81 ( 0.00%) 16211.31 ( 1.63%)
Hmean mb/sec-128 15302.17 ( 0.00%) 15445.11 ( 0.93%)
Hmean mb/sec-256 14866.18 ( 0.00%) 15088.73 ( 1.50%)
Hmean mb/sec-512 15223.31 ( 0.00%) 15373.69 ( 0.99%)
Hmean mb/sec-1024 14574.25 ( 0.00%) 14598.02 ( 0.16%)
Hmean mb/sec-2048 13569.02 ( 0.00%) 13733.86 ( 1.21%)
Hmean mb/sec-3072 12865.98 ( 0.00%) 13209.23 ( 2.67%)
Small gains of 2-4% at low thread counts and otherwise flat. The
gains on the 8-core machine were slightly different
tbench4 on 8-core i7-3770 single socket machine
Hmean mb/sec-1 442.59 ( 0.00%) 448.73 ( 1.39%)
Hmean mb/sec-2 796.68 ( 0.00%) 794.39 ( -0.29%)
Hmean mb/sec-4 1322.52 ( 0.00%) 1343.66 ( 1.60%)
Hmean mb/sec-8 2611.65 ( 0.00%) 2694.86 ( 3.19%)
Hmean mb/sec-16 2537.07 ( 0.00%) 2609.34 ( 2.85%)
Hmean mb/sec-32 2506.02 ( 0.00%) 2578.18 ( 2.88%)
Hmean mb/sec-64 2511.06 ( 0.00%) 2569.16 ( 2.31%)
Hmean mb/sec-128 2313.38 ( 0.00%) 2395.50 ( 3.55%)
Hmean mb/sec-256 2110.04 ( 0.00%) 2177.45 ( 3.19%)
Hmean mb/sec-512 2072.51 ( 0.00%) 2053.97 ( -0.89%)
In constract, this shows a relatively steady 2-3% gain at higher thread
counts. Due to the nature of the patch and the type of workload, it's
not a surprise that the result will depend on the CPU used.
hackbench-pipes
4.5.0-rc1 4.5.0-rc1
vanilla nostats-v3r1
Amean 1 0.0637 ( 0.00%) 0.0660 ( -3.59%)
Amean 4 0.1229 ( 0.00%) 0.1181 ( 3.84%)
Amean 7 0.1921 ( 0.00%) 0.1911 ( 0.52%)
Amean 12 0.3117 ( 0.00%) 0.2923 ( 6.23%)
Amean 21 0.4050 ( 0.00%) 0.3899 ( 3.74%)
Amean 30 0.4586 ( 0.00%) 0.4433 ( 3.33%)
Amean 48 0.5910 ( 0.00%) 0.5694 ( 3.65%)
Amean 79 0.8663 ( 0.00%) 0.8626 ( 0.43%)
Amean 110 1.1543 ( 0.00%) 1.1517 ( 0.22%)
Amean 141 1.4457 ( 0.00%) 1.4290 ( 1.16%)
Amean 172 1.7090 ( 0.00%) 1.6924 ( 0.97%)
Amean 192 1.9126 ( 0.00%) 1.9089 ( 0.19%)
Some small gains and losses and while the variance data is not included,
it's close to the noise. The UMA machine did not show anything particularly
different
pipetest
4.5.0-rc1 4.5.0-rc1
vanilla nostats-v2r2
Min Time 4.13 ( 0.00%) 3.99 ( 3.39%)
1st-qrtle Time 4.38 ( 0.00%) 4.27 ( 2.51%)
2nd-qrtle Time 4.46 ( 0.00%) 4.39 ( 1.57%)
3rd-qrtle Time 4.56 ( 0.00%) 4.51 ( 1.10%)
Max-90% Time 4.67 ( 0.00%) 4.60 ( 1.50%)
Max-93% Time 4.71 ( 0.00%) 4.65 ( 1.27%)
Max-95% Time 4.74 ( 0.00%) 4.71 ( 0.63%)
Max-99% Time 4.88 ( 0.00%) 4.79 ( 1.84%)
Max Time 4.93 ( 0.00%) 4.83 ( 2.03%)
Mean Time 4.48 ( 0.00%) 4.39 ( 1.91%)
Best99%Mean Time 4.47 ( 0.00%) 4.39 ( 1.91%)
Best95%Mean Time 4.46 ( 0.00%) 4.38 ( 1.93%)
Best90%Mean Time 4.45 ( 0.00%) 4.36 ( 1.98%)
Best50%Mean Time 4.36 ( 0.00%) 4.25 ( 2.49%)
Best10%Mean Time 4.23 ( 0.00%) 4.10 ( 3.13%)
Best5%Mean Time 4.19 ( 0.00%) 4.06 ( 3.20%)
Best1%Mean Time 4.13 ( 0.00%) 4.00 ( 3.39%)
Small improvement and similar gains were seen on the UMA machine.
The gain is small but it stands to reason that doing less work in the
scheduler is a good thing. The downside is that the lack of schedstats and
tracepoints may be surprising to experts doing performance analysis until
they find the existence of the schedstats= parameter or schedstats sysctl.
It will be automatically activated for latencytop and sleep profiling to
alleviate the problem. For tracepoints, there is a simple warning as it's
not safe to activate schedstats in the context when it's known the tracepoint
may be wanted but is unavailable.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Reviewed-by: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Reviewed-by: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <mgalbraith@suse.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1454663316-22048-1-git-send-email-mgorman@techsingularity.net
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
User visible:
- Rename the "colors.code" ~/.perfconfig variable to "colors.jump_arrows",
as it controls just the that UI element in the annotate browser (Taeung Song)
- Avoid trying to read ELF symtabs from device files, noticed while doing
memory profiling work (Jiri Olsa)
- Improve context detection when offering options in the hists browser,
i.e. some options don't make sense when the browser is not working with
a perf.data file ('perf top' mode), only in 'perf report' mode, like
scripting (Namhyung Kim)
Infrastructure:
- Elliminate duplication in the hists browser filter functions, getting the
common part into a function that receives callbacks for filtering by
DSO, thread, etc (Namhyung Kim)
- Fix misleadingly indented assignment, found using
gcc6 -Wmisleading-indentation (Markus Trippelsdorf)
- Handle LLVM relocation oddities in libbpf, introducing a 'perf test' that
detects such problems and then fixing the problem, so that the test now
passes (Wang Nan)
- More improvements to the build infrastructure to allow reusing the
feature detection facilities (Wang Nan)
- Auto initialize the globals needed by cpu__max_{cpu,node}() routines
(Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo)
Documentation:
- Document the perf sysctls in Documentation/sysctl/kernel.txt (Ben Hutchings)
- Document a bunch more ~/.perfconfig knobs (Taeung Song)
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
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Merge tag 'perf-core-for-mingo' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/acme/linux into perf/core
Pull perf/core improvements and fixes from Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo:
User visible changes:
- Rename the "colors.code" ~/.perfconfig variable to "colors.jump_arrows",
as it controls just the that UI element in the annotate browser (Taeung Song)
- Avoid trying to read ELF symtabs from device files, noticed while doing
memory profiling work (Jiri Olsa)
- Improve context detection when offering options in the hists browser,
i.e. some options don't make sense when the browser is not working with
a perf.data file ('perf top' mode), only in 'perf report' mode, like
scripting (Namhyung Kim)
Infrastructure changes:
- Elliminate duplication in the hists browser filter functions, getting the
common part into a function that receives callbacks for filtering by
DSO, thread, etc. (Namhyung Kim)
- Fix misleadingly indented assignment, found using
gcc6 -Wmisleading-indentation (Markus Trippelsdorf)
- Handle LLVM relocation oddities in libbpf, introducing a 'perf test' that
detects such problems and then fixing the problem, so that the test now
passes (Wang Nan)
- More improvements to the build infrastructure to allow reusing the
feature detection facilities (Wang Nan)
- Auto initialize the globals needed by cpu__max_{cpu,node}() routines
(Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo)
Documentation changes:
- Document the perf sysctls in Documentation/sysctl/kernel.txt (Ben Hutchings)
- Document a bunch more ~/.perfconfig knobs (Taeung Song)
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
perf_event_paranoid was only documented in source code and a perf error
message. Copy the documentation from the error message to
Documentation/sysctl/kernel.txt.
perf_cpu_time_max_percent was already documented but missing from the
list at the top, so add it there.
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: linux-doc@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160119213515.GG2637@decadent.org.uk
[ Remove reference to external Documentation file, provide info inline, as before ]
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
SYSCTL_WRITES_WARN was added in commit f4aacea2f5 ("sysctl: allow for
strict write position handling"), and released in v3.16 in August of
2014. Since then I can find only 1 instance of non-zero offset
writing[1], and it was fixed immediately in CRIU[2]. As such, it
appears safe to flip this to the strict state now.
[1] https://www.google.com/search?q="when%20file%20position%20was%20not%200"
[2] http://lists.openvz.org/pipermail/criu/2015-April/019819.html
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In many cases of hardlockup reports, it's actually not possible to know
why it triggered, because the CPU that got stuck is usually waiting on a
resource (with IRQs disabled) in posession of some other CPU is holding.
IOW, we are often looking at the stacktrace of the victim and not the
actual offender.
Introduce sysctl / cmdline parameter that makes it possible to have
hardlockup detector perform all-CPU backtrace.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Aaron Tomlin <atomlin@redhat.com>
Cc: Ulrich Obergfell <uobergfe@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Don Zickus <dzickus@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When adding __printf attribute to cn_printf, gcc reports some issues:
fs/coredump.c:213:5: warning: format '%d' expects argument of type
'int', but argument 3 has type 'kuid_t' [-Wformat=]
err = cn_printf(cn, "%d", cred->uid);
^
fs/coredump.c:217:5: warning: format '%d' expects argument of type
'int', but argument 3 has type 'kgid_t' [-Wformat=]
err = cn_printf(cn, "%d", cred->gid);
^
These warnings come from the fact that the value of uid/gid needs to be
extracted from the kuid_t/kgid_t structure before being used as an
integer. More precisely, cred->uid and cred->gid need to be converted to
either user-namespace uid/gid or to init_user_ns uid/gid.
Use init_user_ns in order not to break existing ABI, and document this in
Documentation/sysctl/kernel.txt.
While at it, format uid and gid values with %u instead of %d because
uid_t/__kernel_uid32_t and gid_t/__kernel_gid32_t are unsigned int.
Signed-off-by: Nicolas Iooss <nicolas.iooss_linux@m4x.org>
Acked-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Change the default behavior of watchdog so it only runs on the
housekeeping cores when nohz_full is enabled at build and boot time.
Allow modifying the set of cores the watchdog is currently running on
with a new kernel.watchdog_cpumask sysctl.
In the current system, the watchdog subsystem runs a periodic timer that
schedules the watchdog kthread to run. However, nohz_full cores are
designed to allow userspace application code running on those cores to
have 100% access to the CPU. So the watchdog system prevents the
nohz_full application code from being able to run the way it wants to,
thus the motivation to suppress the watchdog on nohz_full cores, which
this patchset provides by default.
However, if we disable the watchdog globally, then the housekeeping
cores can't benefit from the watchdog functionality. So we allow
disabling it only on some cores. See Documentation/lockup-watchdogs.txt
for more information.
[jhubbard@nvidia.com: fix a watchdog crash in some configurations]
Signed-off-by: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@ezchip.com>
Acked-by: Don Zickus <dzickus@redhat.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Ulrich Obergfell <uobergfe@redhat.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
File /proc/sys/kernel/threads-max controls the maximum number of threads
that can be created using fork().
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix typo, per Guenter]
Signed-off-by: Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
With the current user interface of the watchdog mechanism it is only
possible to disable or enable both lockup detectors at the same time.
This series introduces new kernel parameters and changes the semantics of
some existing kernel parameters, so that the hard lockup detector and the
soft lockup detector can be disabled or enabled individually. With this
series applied, the user interface is as follows.
- parameters in /proc/sys/kernel
. soft_watchdog
This is a new parameter to control and examine the run state of
the soft lockup detector.
. nmi_watchdog
The semantics of this parameter have changed. It can now be used
to control and examine the run state of the hard lockup detector.
. watchdog
This parameter is still available to control the run state of both
lockup detectors at the same time. If this parameter is examined,
it shows the logical OR of soft_watchdog and nmi_watchdog.
. watchdog_thresh
The semantics of this parameter are not affected by the patch.
- kernel command line parameters
. nosoftlockup
The semantics of this parameter have changed. It can now be used
to disable the soft lockup detector at boot time.
. nmi_watchdog=0 or nmi_watchdog=1
Disable or enable the hard lockup detector at boot time. The patch
introduces '=1' as a new option.
. nowatchdog
The semantics of this parameter are not affected by the patch. It
is still available to disable both lockup detectors at boot time.
Also, remove the proc_dowatchdog() function which is no longer needed.
[dzickus@redhat.com: wrote changelog]
[dzickus@redhat.com: update documentation for kernel params and sysctl]
Signed-off-by: Ulrich Obergfell <uobergfe@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Don Zickus <dzickus@redhat.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This adds a new taint flag to indicate when the kernel or a kernel
module has been live patched. This will provide a clean indication in
bug reports that live patching was used.
Additionally, if the crash occurs in a live patched function, the live
patch module will appear beside the patched function in the backtrace.
Signed-off-by: Seth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
SysV can be abused to allocate locked kernel memory. For most systems, a
small limit doesn't make sense, see the discussion with regards to SHMMAX.
Therefore: increase MSGMNI to the maximum supported.
And: If we ignore the risk of locking too much memory, then an automatic
scaling of MSGMNI doesn't make sense. Therefore the logic can be removed.
The code preserves auto_msgmni to avoid breaking any user space applications
that expect that the value exists.
Notes:
1) If an administrator must limit the memory allocations, then he can set
MSGMNI as necessary.
Or he can disable sysv entirely (as e.g. done by Android).
2) MSGMAX and MSGMNB are intentionally not increased, as these values are used
to control latency vs. throughput:
If MSGMNB is large, then msgsnd() just returns and more messages can be queued
before a task switch to a task that calls msgrcv() is forced.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net>
Cc: Rafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There have been several times where I have had to rebuild a kernel to
cause a panic when hitting a WARN() in the code in order to get a crash
dump from a system. Sometimes this is easy to do, other times (such as
in the case of a remote admin) it is not trivial to send new images to
the user.
A much easier method would be a switch to change the WARN() over to a
panic. This makes debugging easier in that I can now test the actual
image the WARN() was seen on and I do not have to engage in remote
debugging.
This patch adds a panic_on_warn kernel parameter and
/proc/sys/kernel/panic_on_warn calls panic() in the
warn_slowpath_common() path. The function will still print out the
location of the warning.
An example of the panic_on_warn output:
The first line below is from the WARN_ON() to output the WARN_ON()'s
location. After that the panic() output is displayed.
WARNING: CPU: 30 PID: 11698 at /home/prarit/dummy_module/dummy-module.c:25 init_dummy+0x1f/0x30 [dummy_module]()
Kernel panic - not syncing: panic_on_warn set ...
CPU: 30 PID: 11698 Comm: insmod Tainted: G W OE 3.17.0+ #57
Hardware name: Intel Corporation S2600CP/S2600CP, BIOS RMLSDP.86I.00.29.D696.1311111329 11/11/2013
0000000000000000 000000008e3f87df ffff88080f093c38 ffffffff81665190
0000000000000000 ffffffff818aea3d ffff88080f093cb8 ffffffff8165e2ec
ffffffff00000008 ffff88080f093cc8 ffff88080f093c68 000000008e3f87df
Call Trace:
[<ffffffff81665190>] dump_stack+0x46/0x58
[<ffffffff8165e2ec>] panic+0xd0/0x204
[<ffffffffa038e05f>] ? init_dummy+0x1f/0x30 [dummy_module]
[<ffffffff81076b90>] warn_slowpath_common+0xd0/0xd0
[<ffffffffa038e040>] ? dummy_greetings+0x40/0x40 [dummy_module]
[<ffffffff81076c8a>] warn_slowpath_null+0x1a/0x20
[<ffffffffa038e05f>] init_dummy+0x1f/0x30 [dummy_module]
[<ffffffff81002144>] do_one_initcall+0xd4/0x210
[<ffffffff811b52c2>] ? __vunmap+0xc2/0x110
[<ffffffff810f8889>] load_module+0x16a9/0x1b30
[<ffffffff810f3d30>] ? store_uevent+0x70/0x70
[<ffffffff810f49b9>] ? copy_module_from_fd.isra.44+0x129/0x180
[<ffffffff810f8ec6>] SyS_finit_module+0xa6/0xd0
[<ffffffff8166cf29>] system_call_fastpath+0x12/0x17
Successfully tested by me.
hpa said: There is another very valid use for this: many operators would
rather a machine shuts down than being potentially compromised either
functionally or security-wise.
Signed-off-by: Prarit Bhargava <prarit@redhat.com>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Acked-by: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Fabian Frederick <fabf@skynet.be>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
format_corename() can only pass the leader's pid to the core handler,
but there is no simple way to figure out which thread originated the
coredump.
As Jan explains, this also means that there is no simple way to create
the backtrace of the crashed process:
As programs are mostly compiled with implicit gcc -fomit-frame-pointer
one needs program's .eh_frame section (equivalently PT_GNU_EH_FRAME
segment) or .debug_frame section. .debug_frame usually is present only
in separate debug info files usually not even installed on the system.
While .eh_frame is a part of the executable/library (and it is even
always mapped for C++ exceptions unwinding) it no longer has to be
present anywhere on the disk as the program could be upgraded in the
meantime and the running instance has its executable file already
unlinked from disk.
One possibility is to echo 0x3f >/proc/*/coredump_filter and dump all
the file-backed memory including the executable's .eh_frame section.
But that can create huge core files, for example even due to mmapped
data files.
Other possibility would be to read .eh_frame from /proc/PID/mem at the
core_pattern handler time of the core dump. For the backtrace one needs
to read the register state first which can be done from core_pattern
handler:
ptrace(PTRACE_SEIZE, tid, 0, PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT)
close(0); // close pipe fd to resume the sleeping dumper
waitpid(); // should report EXIT
PTRACE_GETREGS or other requests
The remaining problem is how to get the 'tid' value of the crashed
thread. It could be read from the first NT_PRSTATUS note of the core
file but that makes the core_pattern handler complicated.
Unfortunately %t is already used so this patch uses %i/%I.
Automatic Bug Reporting Tool (https://github.com/abrt/abrt/wiki/overview)
is experimenting with this. It is using the elfutils
(https://fedorahosted.org/elfutils/) unwinder for generating the
backtraces. Apart from not needing matching executables as mentioned
above, another advantage is that we can get the backtrace without saving
the core (which might be quite large) to disk.
[mmilata@redhat.com: final paragraph of changelog]
Signed-off-by: Jan Kratochvil <jan.kratochvil@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Cc: Jan Kratochvil <jan.kratochvil@redhat.com>
Cc: Mark Wielaard <mjw@redhat.com>
Cc: Martin Milata <mmilata@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This taint flag will be set if the system has ever entered a softlockup
state. Similar to TAINT_WARN it is useful to know whether or not the
system has been in a softlockup state when debugging.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: apply the taint before calling panic()]
Signed-off-by: Josh Hunt <johunt@akamai.com>
Cc: Jason Baron <jbaron@akamai.com>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
A 'softlockup' is defined as a bug that causes the kernel to loop in
kernel mode for more than a predefined period to time, without giving
other tasks a chance to run.
Currently, upon detection of this condition by the per-cpu watchdog
task, debug information (including a stack trace) is sent to the system
log.
On some occasions, we have observed that the "victim" rather than the
actual "culprit" (i.e. the owner/holder of the contended resource) is
reported to the user. Often this information has proven to be
insufficient to assist debugging efforts.
To avoid loss of useful debug information, for architectures which
support NMI, this patch makes it possible to improve soft lockup
reporting. This is accomplished by issuing an NMI to each cpu to obtain
a stack trace.
If NMI is not supported we just revert back to the old method. A sysctl
and boot-time parameter is available to toggle this feature.
[dzickus@redhat.com: add CONFIG_SMP in certain areas]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: additional CONFIG_SMP=n optimisations]
[mq@suse.cz: fix warning]
Signed-off-by: Aaron Tomlin <atomlin@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Don Zickus <dzickus@redhat.com>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Mateusz Guzik <mguzik@redhat.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jan Moskyto Matejka <mq@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When writing to a sysctl string, each write, regardless of VFS position,
begins writing the string from the start. This means the contents of
the last write to the sysctl controls the string contents instead of the
first:
open("/proc/sys/kernel/modprobe", O_WRONLY) = 1
write(1, "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA"..., 4096) = 4096
write(1, "/bin/true", 9) = 9
close(1) = 0
$ cat /proc/sys/kernel/modprobe
/bin/true
Expected behaviour would be to have the sysctl be "AAAA..." capped at
maxlen (in this case KMOD_PATH_LEN: 256), instead of truncating to the
contents of the second write. Similarly, multiple short writes would
not append to the sysctl.
The old behavior is unlike regular POSIX files enough that doing audits
of software that interact with sysctls can end up in unexpected or
dangerous situations. For example, "as long as the input starts with a
trusted path" turns out to be an insufficient filter, as what must also
happen is for the input to be entirely contained in a single write
syscall -- not a common consideration, especially for high level tools.
This provides kernel.sysctl_writes_strict as a way to make this behavior
act in a less surprising manner for strings, and disallows non-zero file
position when writing numeric sysctls (similar to what is already done
when reading from non-zero file positions). For now, the default (0) is
to warn about non-zero file position use, but retain the legacy
behavior. Setting this to -1 disables the warning, and setting this to
1 enables the file position respecting behavior.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: move misplaced hunk, per Randy]
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
As sysctl_hung_task_timeout_sec is unsigned long, when this value is
larger then LONG_MAX/HZ, the function schedule_timeout_interruptible in
watchdog will return immediately without sleep and with print :
schedule_timeout: wrong timeout value ffffffffffffff83
and then the funtion watchdog will call schedule_timeout_interruptible
again and again. The screen will be filled with
"schedule_timeout: wrong timeout value ffffffffffffff83"
This patch does some check and correction in sysctl, to let the function
schedule_timeout_interruptible allways get the valid parameter.
Signed-off-by: Liu Hua <sdu.liu@huawei.com>
Tested-by: Satoru Takeuchi <satoru.takeuchi@gmail.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [3.4+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
a staging driver; fix included. Greg KH said he'd take the patch
but hadn't as the merge window opened, so it's included here
to avoid breaking build.
Cheers,
Rusty.
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Merge tag 'modules-next-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rusty/linux
Pull module updates from Rusty Russell:
"Nothing major: the stricter permissions checking for sysfs broke a
staging driver; fix included. Greg KH said he'd take the patch but
hadn't as the merge window opened, so it's included here to avoid
breaking build"
* tag 'modules-next-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rusty/linux:
staging: fix up speakup kobject mode
Use 'E' instead of 'X' for unsigned module taint flag.
VERIFY_OCTAL_PERMISSIONS: stricter checking for sysfs perms.
kallsyms: fix percpu vars on x86-64 with relocation.
kallsyms: generalize address range checking
module: LLVMLinux: Remove unused function warning from __param_check macro
Fix: module signature vs tracepoints: add new TAINT_UNSIGNED_MODULE
module: remove MODULE_GENERIC_TABLE
module: allow multiple calls to MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE() per module
module: use pr_cont
Pull scheduler changes from Ingo Molnar:
"Bigger changes:
- sched/idle restructuring: they are WIP preparation for deeper
integration between the scheduler and idle state selection, by
Nicolas Pitre.
- add NUMA scheduling pseudo-interleaving, by Rik van Riel.
- optimize cgroup context switches, by Peter Zijlstra.
- RT scheduling enhancements, by Thomas Gleixner.
The rest is smaller changes, non-urgnt fixes and cleanups"
* 'sched-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (68 commits)
sched: Clean up the task_hot() function
sched: Remove double calculation in fix_small_imbalance()
sched: Fix broken setscheduler()
sparc64, sched: Remove unused sparc64_multi_core
sched: Remove unused mc_capable() and smt_capable()
sched/numa: Move task_numa_free() to __put_task_struct()
sched/fair: Fix endless loop in idle_balance()
sched/core: Fix endless loop in pick_next_task()
sched/fair: Push down check for high priority class task into idle_balance()
sched/rt: Fix picking RT and DL tasks from empty queue
trace: Replace hardcoding of 19 with MAX_NICE
sched: Guarantee task priority in pick_next_task()
sched/idle: Remove stale old file
sched: Put rq's sched_avg under CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED
cpuidle/arm64: Remove redundant cpuidle_idle_call()
cpuidle/powernv: Remove redundant cpuidle_idle_call()
sched, nohz: Exclude isolated cores from load balancing
sched: Fix select_task_rq_fair() description comments
workqueue: Replace hardcoding of -20 and 19 with MIN_NICE and MAX_NICE
sys: Replace hardcoding of -20 and 19 with MIN_NICE and MAX_NICE
...
Users have reported being unable to trace non-signed modules loaded
within a kernel supporting module signature.
This is caused by tracepoint.c:tracepoint_module_coming() refusing to
take into account tracepoints sitting within force-loaded modules
(TAINT_FORCED_MODULE). The reason for this check, in the first place, is
that a force-loaded module may have a struct module incompatible with
the layout expected by the kernel, and can thus cause a kernel crash
upon forced load of that module on a kernel with CONFIG_TRACEPOINTS=y.
Tracepoints, however, specifically accept TAINT_OOT_MODULE and
TAINT_CRAP, since those modules do not lead to the "very likely system
crash" issue cited above for force-loaded modules.
With kernels having CONFIG_MODULE_SIG=y (signed modules), a non-signed
module is tainted re-using the TAINT_FORCED_MODULE taint flag.
Unfortunately, this means that Tracepoints treat that module as a
force-loaded module, and thus silently refuse to consider any tracepoint
within this module.
Since an unsigned module does not fit within the "very likely system
crash" category of tainting, add a new TAINT_UNSIGNED_MODULE taint flag
to specifically address this taint behavior, and accept those modules
within Tracepoints. We use the letter 'X' as a taint flag character for
a module being loaded that doesn't know how to sign its name (proposed
by Steven Rostedt).
Also add the missing 'O' entry to trace event show_module_flags() list
for the sake of completeness.
Signed-off-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Acked-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
NAKed-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
CC: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
CC: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
CC: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Pull core debug changes from Ingo Molnar:
"This contains mostly kernel debugging related updates:
- make hung_task detection more configurable to distros
- add final bits for x86 UV NMI debugging, with related KGDB changes
- update the mailing-list of MAINTAINERS entries I'm involved with"
* 'core-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
hung_task: Display every hung task warning
sysctl: Add neg_one as a standard constraint
x86/uv/nmi, kgdb/kdb: Fix UV NMI handler when KDB not configured
x86/uv/nmi: Fix Sparse warnings
kgdb/kdb: Fix no KDB config problem
MAINTAINERS: Restore "L: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org" entries
Excessive migration of pages can hurt the performance of workloads
that span multiple NUMA nodes. However, it turns out that the
p->numa_migrate_deferred knob is a really big hammer, which does
reduce migration rates, but does not actually help performance.
Now that the second stage of the automatic numa balancing code
has stabilized, it is time to replace the simplistic migration
deferral code with something smarter.
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Chegu Vinod <chegu_vinod@hp.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1390860228-21539-2-git-send-email-riel@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
When khungtaskd detects hung tasks, it prints out
backtraces from a number of those tasks.
Limiting the number of backtraces being printed
out can result in the user not seeing the information
necessary to debug the issue. The hung_task_warnings
sysctl controls this feature.
This patch makes it possible for hung_task_warnings
to accept a special value to print an unlimited
number of backtraces when khungtaskd detects hung
tasks.
The special value is -1. To use this value it is
necessary to change types from ulong to int.
Signed-off-by: Aaron Tomlin <atomlin@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: oleg@redhat.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1390239253-24030-3-git-send-email-atomlin@redhat.com
[ Build warning fix. ]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
For general-purpose (i.e. distro) kernel builds it makes sense to build
with CONFIG_KEXEC to allow end users to choose what kind of things they
want to do with kexec. However, in the face of trying to lock down a
system with such a kernel, there needs to be a way to disable kexec_load
(much like module loading can be disabled). Without this, it is too easy
for the root user to modify kernel memory even when CONFIG_STRICT_DEVMEM
and modules_disabled are set. With this change, it is still possible to
load an image for use later, then disable kexec_load so the image (or lack
of image) can't be altered.
The intention is for using this in environments where "perfect"
enforcement is hard. Without a verified boot, along with verified
modules, and along with verified kexec, this is trying to give a system a
better chance to defend itself (or at least grow the window of
discoverability) against attack in the face of a privilege escalation.
In my mind, I consider several boot scenarios:
1) Verified boot of read-only verified root fs loading fd-based
verification of kexec images.
2) Secure boot of writable root fs loading signed kexec images.
3) Regular boot loading kexec (e.g. kcrash) image early and locking it.
4) Regular boot with no control of kexec image at all.
1 and 2 don't exist yet, but will soon once the verified kexec series has
landed. 4 is the state of things now. The gap between 2 and 4 is too
large, so this change creates scenario 3, a middle-ground above 4 when 2
and 1 are not possible for a system.
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
commit 887c290e (sched/numa: Decide whether to favour task or group weights
based on swap candidate relationships) drop the check against
sysctl_numa_balancing_settle_count, this patch remove the sysctl.
Signed-off-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1386833006-6600-1-git-send-email-liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Some setuid binaries will allow reading of files which have read
permission by the real user id. This is problematic with files which
use %pK because the file access permission is checked at open() time,
but the kptr_restrict setting is checked at read() time. If a setuid
binary opens a %pK file as an unprivileged user, and then elevates
permissions before reading the file, then kernel pointer values may be
leaked.
This happens for example with the setuid pppd application on Ubuntu 12.04:
$ head -1 /proc/kallsyms
00000000 T startup_32
$ pppd file /proc/kallsyms
pppd: In file /proc/kallsyms: unrecognized option 'c1000000'
This will only leak the pointer value from the first line, but other
setuid binaries may leak more information.
Fix this by adding a check that in addition to the current process having
CAP_SYSLOG, that effective user and group ids are equal to the real ids.
If a setuid binary reads the contents of a file which uses %pK then the
pointer values will be printed as NULL if the real user is unprivileged.
Update the sysctl documentation to reflect the changes, and also correct
the documentation to state the kptr_restrict=0 is the default.
This is a only temporary solution to the issue. The correct solution is
to do the permission check at open() time on files, and to replace %pK
with a function which checks the open() time permission. %pK uses in
printk should be removed since no sane permission check can be done, and
instead protected by using dmesg_restrict.
Signed-off-by: Ryan Mallon <rmallon@gmail.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Shared faults can lead to lots of unnecessary page migrations,
slowing down the system, and causing private faults to hit the
per-pgdat migration ratelimit.
This patch adds sysctl numa_balancing_migrate_deferred, which specifies
how many shared page migrations to skip unconditionally, after each page
migration that is skipped because it is a shared fault.
This reduces the number of page migrations back and forth in
shared fault situations. It also gives a strong preference to
the tasks that are already running where most of the memory is,
and to moving the other tasks to near the memory.
Testing this with a much higher scan rate than the default
still seems to result in fewer page migrations than before.
Memory seems to be somewhat better consolidated than previously,
with multi-instance specjbb runs on a 4 node system.
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1381141781-10992-62-git-send-email-mgorman@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
With scan rate adaptions based on whether the workload has properly
converged or not there should be no need for the scan period reset
hammer. Get rid of it.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1381141781-10992-60-git-send-email-mgorman@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
This patch favours moving tasks towards NUMA node that recorded a higher
number of NUMA faults during active load balancing. Ideally this is
self-reinforcing as the longer the task runs on that node, the more faults
it should incur causing task_numa_placement to keep the task running on that
node. In reality a big weakness is that the nodes CPUs can be overloaded
and it would be more efficient to queue tasks on an idle node and migrate
to the new node. This would require additional smarts in the balancer so
for now the balancer will simply prefer to place the task on the preferred
node for a PTE scans which is controlled by the numa_balancing_settle_count
sysctl. Once the settle_count number of scans has complete the schedule
is free to place the task on an alternative node if the load is imbalanced.
[srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com: Fixed statistics]
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
[ Tunable and use higher faults instead of preferred. ]
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1381141781-10992-23-git-send-email-mgorman@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
The NUMA PTE scan rate is controlled with a combination of the
numa_balancing_scan_period_min, numa_balancing_scan_period_max and
numa_balancing_scan_size. This scan rate is independent of the size
of the task and as an aside it is further complicated by the fact that
numa_balancing_scan_size controls how many pages are marked pte_numa and
not how much virtual memory is scanned.
In combination, it is almost impossible to meaningfully tune the min and
max scan periods and reasoning about performance is complex when the time
to complete a full scan is is partially a function of the tasks memory
size. This patch alters the semantic of the min and max tunables to be
about tuning the length time it takes to complete a scan of a tasks occupied
virtual address space. Conceptually this is a lot easier to understand. There
is a "sanity" check to ensure the scan rate is never extremely fast based on
the amount of virtual memory that should be scanned in a second. The default
of 2.5G seems arbitrary but it is to have the maximum scan rate after the
patch roughly match the maximum scan rate before the patch was applied.
On a similar note, numa_scan_period is in milliseconds and not
jiffies. Properly placed pages slow the scanning rate but adding 10 jiffies
to numa_scan_period means that the rate scanning slows depends on HZ which
is confusing. Get rid of the jiffies_to_msec conversion and treat it as ms.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1381141781-10992-18-git-send-email-mgorman@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Linus Torvalds