"Cleanup of the perf/kvm interaction."
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Merge tag 'perf_core_for_v5.17_rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull perf updates from Borislav Petkov:
"Cleanup of the perf/kvm interaction."
* tag 'perf_core_for_v5.17_rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
perf: Drop guest callback (un)register stubs
KVM: arm64: Drop perf.c and fold its tiny bits of code into arm.c
KVM: arm64: Hide kvm_arm_pmu_available behind CONFIG_HW_PERF_EVENTS=y
KVM: arm64: Convert to the generic perf callbacks
KVM: x86: Move Intel Processor Trace interrupt handler to vmx.c
KVM: Move x86's perf guest info callbacks to generic KVM
KVM: x86: More precisely identify NMI from guest when handling PMI
KVM: x86: Drop current_vcpu for kvm_running_vcpu + kvm_arch_vcpu variable
perf/core: Use static_call to optimize perf_guest_info_callbacks
perf: Force architectures to opt-in to guest callbacks
perf: Add wrappers for invoking guest callbacks
perf/core: Rework guest callbacks to prepare for static_call support
perf: Drop dead and useless guest "support" from arm, csky, nds32 and riscv
perf: Stop pretending that perf can handle multiple guest callbacks
KVM: x86: Register Processor Trace interrupt hook iff PT enabled in guest
KVM: x86: Register perf callbacks after calling vendor's hardware_setup()
perf: Protect perf_guest_cbs with RCU
Current scheme of having userspace decompress kernel modules before
loading them into the kernel runs afoul of LoadPin security policy, as
it loses link between the source of kernel module on the disk and binary
blob that is being loaded into the kernel. To solve this issue let's
implement decompression in kernel, so that we can pass a file descriptor
of compressed module file into finit_module() which will keep LoadPin
happy.
To let userspace know what compression/decompression scheme kernel
supports it will create /sys/module/compression attribute. kmod can read
this attribute and decide if it can pass compressed file to
finit_module(). New MODULE_INIT_COMPRESSED_DATA flag indicates that the
kernel should attempt to decompress the data read from file descriptor
prior to trying load the module.
To simplify things kernel will only implement single decompression
method matching compression method selected when generating modules.
This patch implements gzip and xz; more can be added later,
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Torokhov <dmitry.torokhov@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
"Lots of cleanups and preparation; highlights:
- futex: Cleanup and remove runtime futex_cmpxchg detection
- rtmutex: Some fixes for the PREEMPT_RT locking infrastructure
- kcsan: Share owner_on_cpu() between mutex,rtmutex and rwsem and
annotate the racy owner->on_cpu access *once*.
- atomic64: Dead-Code-Elemination"
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Merge tag 'locking_core_for_v5.17_rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull locking updates from Borislav Petkov:
"Lots of cleanups and preparation. Highlights:
- futex: Cleanup and remove runtime futex_cmpxchg detection
- rtmutex: Some fixes for the PREEMPT_RT locking infrastructure
- kcsan: Share owner_on_cpu() between mutex,rtmutex and rwsem and
annotate the racy owner->on_cpu access *once*.
- atomic64: Dead-Code-Elemination"
[ Description above by Peter Zijlstra ]
* tag 'locking_core_for_v5.17_rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
locking/atomic: atomic64: Remove unusable atomic ops
futex: Fix additional regressions
locking: Allow to include asm/spinlock_types.h from linux/spinlock_types_raw.h
x86/mm: Include spinlock_t definition in pgtable.
locking: Mark racy reads of owner->on_cpu
locking: Make owner_on_cpu() into <linux/sched.h>
lockdep/selftests: Adapt ww-tests for PREEMPT_RT
lockdep/selftests: Skip the softirq related tests on PREEMPT_RT
lockdep/selftests: Unbalanced migrate_disable() & rcu_read_lock().
lockdep/selftests: Avoid using local_lock_{acquire|release}().
lockdep: Remove softirq accounting on PREEMPT_RT.
locking/rtmutex: Add rt_mutex_lock_nest_lock() and rt_mutex_lock_killable().
locking/rtmutex: Squash self-deadlock check for ww_rt_mutex.
locking: Remove rt_rwlock_is_contended().
sched: Trigger warning if ->migration_disabled counter underflows.
futex: Fix sparc32/m68k/nds32 build regression
futex: Remove futex_cmpxchg detection
futex: Ensure futex_atomic_cmpxchg_inatomic() is present
kernel/locking: Use a pointer in ww_mutex_trylock().
This series provides KCSAN fixes and also the ability to take memory
barriers into account for weakly-ordered systems. This last can increase
the probability of detecting certain types of data races.
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Merge tag 'kcsan.2022.01.09a' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/paulmck/linux-rcu
Pull KCSAN updates from Paul McKenney:
"This provides KCSAN fixes and also the ability to take memory barriers
into account for weakly-ordered systems. This last can increase the
probability of detecting certain types of data races"
* tag 'kcsan.2022.01.09a' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/paulmck/linux-rcu: (29 commits)
kcsan: Only test clear_bit_unlock_is_negative_byte if arch defines it
kcsan: Avoid nested contexts reading inconsistent reorder_access
kcsan: Turn barrier instrumentation into macros
kcsan: Make barrier tests compatible with lockdep
kcsan: Support WEAK_MEMORY with Clang where no objtool support exists
compiler_attributes.h: Add __disable_sanitizer_instrumentation
objtool, kcsan: Remove memory barrier instrumentation from noinstr
objtool, kcsan: Add memory barrier instrumentation to whitelist
sched, kcsan: Enable memory barrier instrumentation
mm, kcsan: Enable barrier instrumentation
x86/qspinlock, kcsan: Instrument barrier of pv_queued_spin_unlock()
x86/barriers, kcsan: Use generic instrumentation for non-smp barriers
asm-generic/bitops, kcsan: Add instrumentation for barriers
locking/atomics, kcsan: Add instrumentation for barriers
locking/barriers, kcsan: Support generic instrumentation
locking/barriers, kcsan: Add instrumentation for barriers
kcsan: selftest: Add test case to check memory barrier instrumentation
kcsan: Ignore GCC 11+ warnings about TSan runtime support
kcsan: test: Add test cases for memory barrier instrumentation
kcsan: test: Match reordered or normal accesses
...
- Add new P-state driver for AMD processors (Huang Rui).
- Fix initialization of min and max frequency QoS requests in the
cpufreq core (Rafael Wysocki).
- Fix EPP handling on Alder Lake in intel_pstate (Srinivas Pandruvada).
- Make intel_pstate update cpuinfo.max_freq when notified of HWP
capabilities changes and drop a redundant function call from that
driver (Rafael Wysocki).
- Improve IRQ support in the Qcom cpufreq driver (Ard Biesheuvel,
Stephen Boyd, Vladimir Zapolskiy).
- Fix double devm_remap() in the Mediatek cpufreq driver (Hector Yuan).
- Introduce thermal pressure helpers for cpufreq CPU cooling (Lukasz
Luba).
- Make cpufreq use default_groups in kobj_type (Greg Kroah-Hartman).
- Make cpuidle use default_groups in kobj_type (Greg Kroah-Hartman).
- Fix two comments in cpuidle code (Jason Wang, Yang Li).
- Allow model-specific normal EPB value to be used in the intel_epb
sysfs attribute handling code (Srinivas Pandruvada).
- Simplify locking in pm_runtime_put_suppliers() (Rafael Wysocki).
- Add safety net to supplier device release in the runtime PM core
code (Rafael Wysocki).
- Capture device status before disabling runtime PM for it (Rafael
Wysocki).
- Add new macros for declaring PM operations to allow drivers to
avoid guarding them with CONFIG_PM #ifdefs or __maybe_unused and
update some drivers to use these macros (Paul Cercueil).
- Allow ACPI hardware signature to be honoured during restore from
hibernation (David Woodhouse).
- Update outdated operating performance points (OPP) documentation
(Tang Yizhou).
- Reduce log severity for informative message regarding frequency
transition failures in devfreq (Tzung-Bi Shih).
- Add DRAM frequency controller devfreq driver for Allwinner sunXi
SoCs (Samuel Holland).
- Add missing COMMON_CLK dependency to sun8i devfreq driver (Arnd
Bergmann).
- Add support for new layout of Psys PowerLimit Register on SPR to
the Intel RAPL power capping driver (Zhang Rui).
- Fix typo in a comment in idle_inject.c (Jason Wang).
- Remove unused function definition from the DTPM (Dynamit Thermal
Power Management) power capping framework (Daniel Lezcano).
- Reduce DTPM trace verbosity (Daniel Lezcano).
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Merge tag 'pm-5.17-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rafael/linux-pm
Pull power management updates from Rafael Wysocki:
"The most signigicant change here is the addition of a new cpufreq
'P-state' driver for AMD processors as a better replacement for the
venerable acpi-cpufreq driver.
There are also other cpufreq updates (in the core, intel_pstate, ARM
drivers), PM core updates (mostly related to adding new macros for
declaring PM operations which should make the lives of driver
developers somewhat easier), and a bunch of assorted fixes and
cleanups.
Summary:
- Add new P-state driver for AMD processors (Huang Rui).
- Fix initialization of min and max frequency QoS requests in the
cpufreq core (Rafael Wysocki).
- Fix EPP handling on Alder Lake in intel_pstate (Srinivas
Pandruvada).
- Make intel_pstate update cpuinfo.max_freq when notified of HWP
capabilities changes and drop a redundant function call from that
driver (Rafael Wysocki).
- Improve IRQ support in the Qcom cpufreq driver (Ard Biesheuvel,
Stephen Boyd, Vladimir Zapolskiy).
- Fix double devm_remap() in the Mediatek cpufreq driver (Hector
Yuan).
- Introduce thermal pressure helpers for cpufreq CPU cooling (Lukasz
Luba).
- Make cpufreq use default_groups in kobj_type (Greg Kroah-Hartman).
- Make cpuidle use default_groups in kobj_type (Greg Kroah-Hartman).
- Fix two comments in cpuidle code (Jason Wang, Yang Li).
- Allow model-specific normal EPB value to be used in the intel_epb
sysfs attribute handling code (Srinivas Pandruvada).
- Simplify locking in pm_runtime_put_suppliers() (Rafael Wysocki).
- Add safety net to supplier device release in the runtime PM core
code (Rafael Wysocki).
- Capture device status before disabling runtime PM for it (Rafael
Wysocki).
- Add new macros for declaring PM operations to allow drivers to
avoid guarding them with CONFIG_PM #ifdefs or __maybe_unused and
update some drivers to use these macros (Paul Cercueil).
- Allow ACPI hardware signature to be honoured during restore from
hibernation (David Woodhouse).
- Update outdated operating performance points (OPP) documentation
(Tang Yizhou).
- Reduce log severity for informative message regarding frequency
transition failures in devfreq (Tzung-Bi Shih).
- Add DRAM frequency controller devfreq driver for Allwinner sunXi
SoCs (Samuel Holland).
- Add missing COMMON_CLK dependency to sun8i devfreq driver (Arnd
Bergmann).
- Add support for new layout of Psys PowerLimit Register on SPR to
the Intel RAPL power capping driver (Zhang Rui).
- Fix typo in a comment in idle_inject.c (Jason Wang).
- Remove unused function definition from the DTPM (Dynamit Thermal
Power Management) power capping framework (Daniel Lezcano).
- Reduce DTPM trace verbosity (Daniel Lezcano)"
* tag 'pm-5.17-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rafael/linux-pm: (53 commits)
x86, sched: Fix undefined reference to init_freq_invariance_cppc() build error
cpufreq: amd-pstate: Fix Kconfig dependencies for AMD P-State
cpufreq: amd-pstate: Fix struct amd_cpudata kernel-doc comment
cpuidle: use default_groups in kobj_type
x86: intel_epb: Allow model specific normal EPB value
MAINTAINERS: Add AMD P-State driver maintainer entry
Documentation: amd-pstate: Add AMD P-State driver introduction
cpufreq: amd-pstate: Add AMD P-State performance attributes
cpufreq: amd-pstate: Add AMD P-State frequencies attributes
cpufreq: amd-pstate: Add boost mode support for AMD P-State
cpufreq: amd-pstate: Add trace for AMD P-State module
cpufreq: amd-pstate: Introduce the support for the processors with shared memory solution
cpufreq: amd-pstate: Add fast switch function for AMD P-State
cpufreq: amd-pstate: Introduce a new AMD P-State driver to support future processors
ACPI: CPPC: Add CPPC enable register function
ACPI: CPPC: Check present CPUs for determining _CPC is valid
ACPI: CPPC: Implement support for SystemIO registers
x86/msr: Add AMD CPPC MSR definitions
x86/cpufeatures: Add AMD Collaborative Processor Performance Control feature flag
cpufreq: use default_groups in kobj_type
...
The previous commit fixed up all shell scripts to not include
include/config/auto.conf.
Now that include/config/auto.conf is only included by Makefiles,
we can change it into a more Make-friendly form.
Previously, Kconfig output string values enclosed with double-quotes
(both in the .config and include/config/auto.conf):
CONFIG_X="foo bar"
Unlike shell, Make handles double-quotes (and single-quotes as well)
verbatim. We must rip them off when used.
There are some patterns:
[1] $(patsubst "%",%,$(CONFIG_X))
[2] $(CONFIG_X:"%"=%)
[3] $(subst ",,$(CONFIG_X))
[4] $(shell echo $(CONFIG_X))
These are not only ugly, but also fragile.
[1] and [2] do not work if the value contains spaces, like
CONFIG_X=" foo bar "
[3] does not work correctly if the value contains double-quotes like
CONFIG_X="foo\"bar"
[4] seems to work better, but has a cost of forking a process.
Anyway, quoted strings were always PITA for our Makefiles.
This commit changes Kconfig to stop quoting in include/config/auto.conf.
These are the string type symbols referenced in Makefiles or scripts:
ACPI_CUSTOM_DSDT_FILE
ARC_BUILTIN_DTB_NAME
ARC_TUNE_MCPU
BUILTIN_DTB_SOURCE
CC_IMPLICIT_FALLTHROUGH
CC_VERSION_TEXT
CFG80211_EXTRA_REGDB_KEYDIR
EXTRA_FIRMWARE
EXTRA_FIRMWARE_DIR
EXTRA_TARGETS
H8300_BUILTIN_DTB
INITRAMFS_SOURCE
LOCALVERSION
MODULE_SIG_HASH
MODULE_SIG_KEY
NDS32_BUILTIN_DTB
NIOS2_DTB_SOURCE
OPENRISC_BUILTIN_DTB
SOC_CANAAN_K210_DTB_SOURCE
SYSTEM_BLACKLIST_HASH_LIST
SYSTEM_REVOCATION_KEYS
SYSTEM_TRUSTED_KEYS
TARGET_CPU
UNUSED_KSYMS_WHITELIST
XILINX_MICROBLAZE0_FAMILY
XILINX_MICROBLAZE0_HW_VER
XTENSA_VARIANT_NAME
I checked them one by one, and fixed up the code where necessary.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
SLOB always manage objects of different caches in same page regardless of
SLAB_MERGE_DEFAULT. Because it has no effect on SLOB, make it depend on
SLAB || SLUB.
Signed-off-by: Hyeonggon Yoo <42.hyeyoo@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20211225060921.13584-1-42.hyeyoo@gmail.com
Pull ARM cpufreq updates for 5.17-rc1 from Viresh Kumar:
"- Qcom cpufreq driver updates improve irq support (Ard Biesheuvel, Stephen Boyd,
and Vladimir Zapolskiy).
- Fixes double devm_remap for mediatek driver (Hector Yuan).
- Introduces thermal pressure helpers (Lukasz Luba)."
* 'cpufreq/arm/linux-next' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vireshk/pm:
cpufreq: mediatek-hw: Fix double devm_remap in hotplug case
cpufreq: qcom-hw: Use optional irq API
cpufreq: qcom-hw: Set CPU affinity of dcvsh interrupts
cpufreq: qcom-hw: Fix probable nested interrupt handling
cpufreq: qcom-cpufreq-hw: Avoid stack buffer for IRQ name
arch_topology: Remove unused topology_set_thermal_pressure() and related
cpufreq: qcom-cpufreq-hw: Use new thermal pressure update function
cpufreq: qcom-cpufreq-hw: Update offline CPUs per-cpu thermal pressure
thermal: cpufreq_cooling: Use new thermal pressure update function
arch_topology: Introduce thermal pressure update function
They are implicitly zero-initialized, remove explicit initialization.
It keeps the upcoming additions to kcsan_ctx consistent with the rest.
No functional change intended.
Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Acked-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
The minimum supported version of LLVM has been raised to 11.0.0, meaning
this check is always true, so it can be dropped.
Signed-off-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
Now that all architectures have a working futex implementation in any
configuration, remove the runtime detection code.
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Russell King (Oracle) <rmk+kernel@armlinux.org.uk>
Acked-by: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20211026100432.1730393-2-arnd@kernel.org
The boot-time detection of futex_atomic_cmpxchg_inatomic() has a bug on
some 32-bit arm builds, and Thomas Gleixner suggested that setting
CONFIG_HAVE_FUTEX_CMPXCHG would avoid the problem, as it is always present
anyway.
Looking into which other architectures could do the same showed that almost
all architectures have it, the exceptions being:
- some old 32-bit MIPS uniprocessor cores without ll/sc
- one xtensa variant with no SMP
- 32-bit SPARC when built for SMP
Fix MIPS And Xtensa by rearranging the generic code to let it be used
as a fallback.
For SPARC, the SMP definition just ends up turning off futex anyway, so
this can be done at Kconfig time instead. Note that sparc32 glibc requires
the CASA instruction for its mutexes anyway, which is only available when
running on SPARCv9 or LEON CPUs, but needs to be implemented in the sparc32
kernel for those.
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Acked-by: Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20211026100432.1730393-1-arnd@kernel.org
There is no need of this function (and related) since code has been
converted to use the new arch_update_thermal_pressure() API. The old
code can be removed.
Signed-off-by: Lukasz Luba <lukasz.luba@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Introduce GUEST_PERF_EVENTS and require architectures to select it to
allow registering and using guest callbacks in perf. This will hopefully
make it more difficult for new architectures to add useless "support" for
guest callbacks, e.g. via copy+paste.
Stubbing out the helpers has the happy bonus of avoiding a load of
perf_guest_cbs when GUEST_PERF_EVENTS=n on arm64/x86.
Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20211111020738.2512932-9-seanjc@google.com
-Wimplicit-fallthrough=5 was under cc-option because it was only
available in GCC 7.x and newer so the build is now broken for GCC 5.x
and 6.x:
gcc: error: unrecognized command line option '-Wimplicit-fallthrough=5';
did you mean '-Wno-fallthrough'?
Fix this by moving -Wimplicit-fallthrough=5 under cc-option.
Fixes: dee2b702bc ("kconfig: Add support for -Wimplicit-fallthrough")
Reported-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Co-developed-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Gustavo A. R. Silva <gustavoars@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add Kconfig support for -Wimplicit-fallthrough for both GCC and Clang.
The compiler option is under configuration CC_IMPLICIT_FALLTHROUGH,
which is enabled by default.
Special thanks to Nathan Chancellor who fixed the Clang bug[1][2]. This
bugfix only appears in Clang 14.0.0, so older versions still contain
the bug and -Wimplicit-fallthrough won't be enabled for them, for now.
This concludes a long journey and now we are finally getting rid
of the unintentional fallthrough bug-class in the kernel, entirely. :)
Link: 9ed4a94d64 [1]
Link: https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=51094 [2]
Link: https://github.com/KSPP/linux/issues/115
Link: https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/issues/236
Co-developed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Co-developed-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Gustavo A. R. Silva <gustavoars@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
the preemption model
- clear cluster CPU masks too, on the CPU unplug path
- prevent use-after-free in cfs
- Prevent a race condition when updating CPU cache domains
- Factor out common shared part of smp_prepare_cpus() into a common
helper which can be called by both baremetal and Xen, in order to fix a
booting of Xen PV guests
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Merge tag 'sched_urgent_for_v5.16_rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull scheduler fixes from Borislav Petkov:
- Avoid touching ~100 config files in order to be able to select the
preemption model
- clear cluster CPU masks too, on the CPU unplug path
- prevent use-after-free in cfs
- Prevent a race condition when updating CPU cache domains
- Factor out common shared part of smp_prepare_cpus() into a common
helper which can be called by both baremetal and Xen, in order to fix
a booting of Xen PV guests
* tag 'sched_urgent_for_v5.16_rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
preempt: Restore preemption model selection configs
arch_topology: Fix missing clear cluster_cpumask in remove_cpu_topology()
sched/fair: Prevent dead task groups from regaining cfs_rq's
sched/core: Mitigate race cpus_share_cache()/update_top_cache_domain()
x86/smp: Factor out parts of native_smp_prepare_cpus()
Memory allocators may disable interrupts or preemption as part of the
allocation and freeing process. For PREEMPT_RT it is important that
these sections remain deterministic and short and therefore don't depend
on the size of the memory to allocate/ free or the inner state of the
algorithm.
Until v3.12-RT the SLAB allocator was an option but involved several
changes to meet all the requirements. The SLUB design fits better with
PREEMPT_RT model and so the SLAB patches were dropped in the 3.12-RT
patchset. Comparing the two allocator, SLUB outperformed SLAB in both
throughput (time needed to allocate and free memory) and the maximal
latency of the system measured with cyclictest during hackbench.
SLOB was never evaluated since it was unlikely that it preforms better
than SLAB. During a quick test, the kernel crashed with SLOB enabled
during boot.
Disable SLAB and SLOB on PREEMPT_RT.
[bigeasy@linutronix.de: commit description]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20211015210336.gen3tib33ig5q2md@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit c597bfddc9 ("sched: Provide Kconfig support for default dynamic
preempt mode") changed the selectable config names for the preemption
model. This means a config file must now select
CONFIG_PREEMPT_BEHAVIOUR=y
rather than
CONFIG_PREEMPT=y
to get a preemptible kernel. This means all arch config files would need to
be updated - right now they'll all end up with the default
CONFIG_PREEMPT_NONE_BEHAVIOUR.
Rather than touch a good hundred of config files, restore usage of
CONFIG_PREEMPT{_NONE, _VOLUNTARY}. Make them configure:
o The build-time preemption model when !PREEMPT_DYNAMIC
o The default boot-time preemption model when PREEMPT_DYNAMIC
Add siblings of those configs with the _BUILD suffix to unconditionally
designate the build-time preemption model (PREEMPT_DYNAMIC is built with
the "highest" preemption model it supports, aka PREEMPT). Downstream
configs should by now all be depending / selected by CONFIG_PREEMPTION
rather than CONFIG_PREEMPT, so only a few sites need patching up.
Signed-off-by: Valentin Schneider <valentin.schneider@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20211110202448.4054153-2-valentin.schneider@arm.com
Merge more updates from Andrew Morton:
"87 patches.
Subsystems affected by this patch series: mm (pagecache and hugetlb),
procfs, misc, MAINTAINERS, lib, checkpatch, binfmt, kallsyms, ramfs,
init, codafs, nilfs2, hfs, crash_dump, signals, seq_file, fork,
sysvfs, kcov, gdb, resource, selftests, and ipc"
* emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (87 commits)
ipc/ipc_sysctl.c: remove fallback for !CONFIG_PROC_SYSCTL
ipc: check checkpoint_restore_ns_capable() to modify C/R proc files
selftests/kselftest/runner/run_one(): allow running non-executable files
virtio-mem: disallow mapping virtio-mem memory via /dev/mem
kernel/resource: disallow access to exclusive system RAM regions
kernel/resource: clean up and optimize iomem_is_exclusive()
scripts/gdb: handle split debug for vmlinux
kcov: replace local_irq_save() with a local_lock_t
kcov: avoid enable+disable interrupts if !in_task()
kcov: allocate per-CPU memory on the relevant node
Documentation/kcov: define `ip' in the example
Documentation/kcov: include types.h in the example
sysv: use BUILD_BUG_ON instead of runtime check
kernel/fork.c: unshare(): use swap() to make code cleaner
seq_file: fix passing wrong private data
seq_file: move seq_escape() to a header
signal: remove duplicate include in signal.h
crash_dump: remove duplicate include in crash_dump.h
crash_dump: fix boolreturn.cocci warning
hfs/hfsplus: use WARN_ON for sanity check
...
The prior message is confusing users, which is the exact opposite of the
goal. If the message is being seen, one of the following situations is
happening:
1. the param is misspelled
2. the param is not valid due to the kernel configuration
3. the param is intended for init but isn't after the '--'
delineator on the command line
To make that more clear to the user, explicitly mention "kernel command
line" and also note that the params are still passed to user space to
avoid causing any alarm over params intended for init.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20211013223502.96756-1-ahalaney@redhat.com
Fixes: 86d1919a4f ("init: print out unknown kernel parameters")
Signed-off-by: Andrew Halaney <ahalaney@redhat.com>
Suggested-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Acked-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Merge misc updates from Andrew Morton:
"257 patches.
Subsystems affected by this patch series: scripts, ocfs2, vfs, and
mm (slab-generic, slab, slub, kconfig, dax, kasan, debug, pagecache,
gup, swap, memcg, pagemap, mprotect, mremap, iomap, tracing, vmalloc,
pagealloc, memory-failure, hugetlb, userfaultfd, vmscan, tools,
memblock, oom-kill, hugetlbfs, migration, thp, readahead, nommu, ksm,
vmstat, madvise, memory-hotplug, rmap, zsmalloc, highmem, zram,
cleanups, kfence, and damon)"
* emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (257 commits)
mm/damon: remove return value from before_terminate callback
mm/damon: fix a few spelling mistakes in comments and a pr_debug message
mm/damon: simplify stop mechanism
Docs/admin-guide/mm/pagemap: wordsmith page flags descriptions
Docs/admin-guide/mm/damon/start: simplify the content
Docs/admin-guide/mm/damon/start: fix a wrong link
Docs/admin-guide/mm/damon/start: fix wrong example commands
mm/damon/dbgfs: add adaptive_targets list check before enable monitor_on
mm/damon: remove unnecessary variable initialization
Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon: add a document for DAMON_RECLAIM
mm/damon: introduce DAMON-based Reclamation (DAMON_RECLAIM)
selftests/damon: support watermarks
mm/damon/dbgfs: support watermarks
mm/damon/schemes: activate schemes based on a watermarks mechanism
tools/selftests/damon: update for regions prioritization of schemes
mm/damon/dbgfs: support prioritization weights
mm/damon/vaddr,paddr: support pageout prioritization
mm/damon/schemes: prioritize regions within the quotas
mm/damon/selftests: support schemes quotas
mm/damon/dbgfs: support quotas of schemes
...
Rename memblock_free_ptr() to memblock_free() and use memblock_free()
when freeing a virtual pointer so that memblock_free() will be a
counterpart of memblock_alloc()
The callers are updated with the below semantic patch and manual
addition of (void *) casting to pointers that are represented by
unsigned long variables.
@@
identifier vaddr;
expression size;
@@
(
- memblock_phys_free(__pa(vaddr), size);
+ memblock_free(vaddr, size);
|
- memblock_free_ptr(vaddr, size);
+ memblock_free(vaddr, size);
)
[sfr@canb.auug.org.au: fixup]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20211018192940.3d1d532f@canb.auug.org.au
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210930185031.18648-7-rppt@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Cc: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu>
Cc: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Cc: Shahab Vahedi <Shahab.Vahedi@synopsys.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Since memblock_free() operates on a physical range, make its name
reflect it and rename it to memblock_phys_free(), so it will be a
logical counterpart to memblock_phys_alloc().
The callers are updated with the below semantic patch:
@@
expression addr;
expression size;
@@
- memblock_free(addr, size);
+ memblock_phys_free(addr, size);
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210930185031.18648-6-rppt@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu>
Cc: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Cc: Shahab Vahedi <Shahab.Vahedi@synopsys.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
core_kernel_text() considers that until system_state in at least
SYSTEM_RUNNING, init memory is valid.
But init memory is freed a few lines before setting SYSTEM_RUNNING, so
we have a small period of time when core_kernel_text() is wrong.
Create an intermediate system state called SYSTEM_FREEING_INIT that is
set before starting freeing init memory, and use it in
core_kernel_text() to report init memory invalid earlier.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/9ecfdee7dd4d741d172cb93ff1d87f1c58127c9a.1633001016.git.christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu
Signed-off-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu>
Cc: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Kefeng Wang <wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@ozlabs.org>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE:
There are potential non-deterministic delays to an RT thread if a
critical memory region is not THP-aligned and a non-RT buffer is
located in the same hugepage-aligned region. It's also possible for an
unrelated thread to migrate pages belonging to an RT task incurring
unexpected page faults due to memory defragmentation even if
khugepaged is disabled.
Regular HUGEPAGEs are not affected by this can be used.
NUMA_BALANCING:
There is a non-deterministic delay to mark PTEs PROT_NONE to gather
NUMA fault samples, increased page faults of regions even if mlocked
and non-deterministic delays when migrating pages.
[Mel Gorman worded 99% of the commit description].
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20200304091159.GN3818@techsingularity.net/
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20211026165100.ahz5bkx44lrrw5pt@linutronix.de/
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20211028143327.hfbxjze7palrpfgp@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Reviewed-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
- kprobes: Restructured stack unwinder to show properly on x86 when a stack
dump happens from a kretprobe callback.
- Fix to bootconfig parsing
- Have tracefs allow owner and group permissions by default (only denying
others). There's been pressure to allow non root to tracefs in a
controlled fashion, and using groups is probably the safest.
- Bootconfig memory managament updates.
- Bootconfig clean up to have the tools directory be less dependent on
changes in the kernel tree.
- Allow perf to be traced by function tracer.
- Rewrite of function graph tracer to be a callback from the function tracer
instead of having its own trampoline (this change will happen on an arch
by arch basis, and currently only x86_64 implements it).
- Allow multiple direct trampolines (bpf hooks to functions) be batched
together in one synchronization.
- Allow histogram triggers to add variables that can perform calculations
against the event's fields.
- Use the linker to determine architecture callbacks from the ftrace
trampoline to allow for proper parameter prototypes and prevent warnings
from the compiler.
- Extend histogram triggers to key off of variables.
- Have trace recursion use bit magic to determine preempt context over if
branches.
- Have trace recursion disable preemption as all use cases do anyway.
- Added testing for verification of tracing utilities.
- Various small clean ups and fixes.
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Merge tag 'trace-v5.16' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-trace
Pull tracing updates from Steven Rostedt:
- kprobes: Restructured stack unwinder to show properly on x86 when a
stack dump happens from a kretprobe callback.
- Fix to bootconfig parsing
- Have tracefs allow owner and group permissions by default (only
denying others). There's been pressure to allow non root to tracefs
in a controlled fashion, and using groups is probably the safest.
- Bootconfig memory managament updates.
- Bootconfig clean up to have the tools directory be less dependent on
changes in the kernel tree.
- Allow perf to be traced by function tracer.
- Rewrite of function graph tracer to be a callback from the function
tracer instead of having its own trampoline (this change will happen
on an arch by arch basis, and currently only x86_64 implements it).
- Allow multiple direct trampolines (bpf hooks to functions) be batched
together in one synchronization.
- Allow histogram triggers to add variables that can perform
calculations against the event's fields.
- Use the linker to determine architecture callbacks from the ftrace
trampoline to allow for proper parameter prototypes and prevent
warnings from the compiler.
- Extend histogram triggers to key off of variables.
- Have trace recursion use bit magic to determine preempt context over
if branches.
- Have trace recursion disable preemption as all use cases do anyway.
- Added testing for verification of tracing utilities.
- Various small clean ups and fixes.
* tag 'trace-v5.16' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-trace: (101 commits)
tracing/histogram: Fix semicolon.cocci warnings
tracing/histogram: Fix documentation inline emphasis warning
tracing: Increase PERF_MAX_TRACE_SIZE to handle Sentinel1 and docker together
tracing: Show size of requested perf buffer
bootconfig: Initialize ret in xbc_parse_tree()
ftrace: do CPU checking after preemption disabled
ftrace: disable preemption when recursion locked
tracing/histogram: Document expression arithmetic and constants
tracing/histogram: Optimize division by a power of 2
tracing/histogram: Covert expr to const if both operands are constants
tracing/histogram: Simplify handling of .sym-offset in expressions
tracing: Fix operator precedence for hist triggers expression
tracing: Add division and multiplication support for hist triggers
tracing: Add support for creating hist trigger variables from literal
selftests/ftrace: Stop tracing while reading the trace file by default
MAINTAINERS: Update KPROBES and TRACING entries
test_kprobes: Move it from kernel/ to lib/
docs, kprobes: Remove invalid URL and add new reference
samples/kretprobes: Fix return value if register_kretprobe() failed
lib/bootconfig: Fix the xbc_get_info kerneldoc
...
Except for the features passed to blk_queue_required_elevator_features,
elevator.h is only needed internally to the block layer. Move the
ELEVATOR_F_* definitions to blkdev.h, and the move elevator.h to
block/, dropping all the spurious includes outside of that.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210920123328.1399408-13-hch@lst.de
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Free unused memblock in a error case to fix memblock leak
in xbc_make_cmdline().
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/163177339181.682366.8713781325929549256.stgit@devnote2
Fixes: 51887d03ac ("bootconfig: init: Allow admin to use bootconfig for kernel command line")
Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Add xbc_get_info() API which allows user to get the
number of used xbc_nodes and the size of bootconfig
data. This is also useful for checking the bootconfig
is initialized or not.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/163177340877.682366.4360676589783197627.stgit@devnote2
Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Allocate 'xbc_data' in the xbc_init() so that it does
not need to care about the ownership of the copied
data.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/163177339986.682366.898762699429769117.stgit@devnote2
Suggested-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Pull vfs fixes from Al Viro:
"Followups to nodev root stuff from this merge window"
* 'work.init' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs:
init: don't panic if mount_nodev_root failed
init/do_mounts.c: Harden split_fs_names() against buffer overflow
Commit f8ade8dddb ("xsurf100: drop include of lib8390.c") accidentally
changed init/main.c. Revert that part.
Fixes: f8ade8dddb ("xsurf100: drop include of lib8390.c")
Signed-off-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Attempt to mount 9p file system as root gives the following kernel panic:
9pnet_virtio: no channels available for device root
Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root "root" (9p), err=-2
CPU: 2 PID: 1 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 5.15.0-rc1+ #127
Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS rel-1.13.0-0-gf21b5a4aeb02-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014
Call Trace:
dump_stack_lvl+0x45/0x59
panic+0x1e2/0x44b
? __warn_printk+0xf3/0xf3
? free_unref_page+0x2d4/0x4a0
? trace_hardirqs_on+0x32/0x120
? free_unref_page+0x2d4/0x4a0
mount_root+0x189/0x1e0
prepare_namespace+0x136/0x165
kernel_init_freeable+0x3b8/0x3cb
? rest_init+0x2e0/0x2e0
kernel_init+0x19/0x130
ret_from_fork+0x1f/0x30
Kernel Offset: disabled
---[ end Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root "root" (9p), err=-2 ]---
QEMU command line:
"qemu-system-x86_64 -append root=/dev/root rw rootfstype=9p rootflags=trans=virtio ..."
This error is because root_device_name is truncated in prepare_namespace() from
being "/dev/root" to be "root" prior to call to mount_nodev_root().
As a solution, don't treat errors in mount_nodev_root() as errors that
require panics and allow failback to the mount flow that existed before
patch citied in Fixes tag.
Fixes: f9259be6a9 ("init: allow mounting arbitrary non-blockdevice filesystems as root")
Signed-off-by: Leon Romanovsky <leonro@nvidia.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
split_fs_names() currently takes comma separate list of filesystems
and converts it into individual filesystem strings. Pleaces these
strings in the input buffer passed by caller and returns number of
strings.
If caller manages to pass input string bigger than buffer, then we
can write beyond the buffer. Or if string just fits buffer, we will
still write beyond the buffer as we append a '\0' byte at the end.
Pass size of input buffer to split_fs_names() and put enough checks
in place so such buffer overrun possibilities do not occur.
This patch does few things.
- Add a parameter "size" to split_fs_names(). This specifies size
of input buffer.
- Use strlcpy() (instead of strcpy()) so that we can't go beyond
buffer size. If input string "names" is larger than passed in
buffer, input string will be truncated to fit in buffer.
- Stop appending extra '\0' character at the end and avoid one
possibility of going beyond the input buffer size.
- Do not use extra loop to count number of strings.
- Previously if one passed "rootfstype=foo,,bar", split_fs_names()
will return only 1 string "foo" (and "bar" will be truncated
due to extra ,). After this patch, now split_fs_names() will
return 3 strings ("foo", zero-sized-string, and "bar").
Callers of split_fs_names() have been modified to check for
zero sized string and skip to next one.
Reported-by: xu xin <xu.xin16@zte.com.cn>
Signed-off-by: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
The boot-time allocation interface for memblock is a mess, with
'memblock_alloc()' returning a virtual pointer, but then you are
supposed to free it with 'memblock_free()' that takes a _physical_
address.
Not only is that all kinds of strange and illogical, but it actually
causes bugs, when people then use it like a normal allocation function,
and it fails spectacularly on a NULL pointer:
https://lore.kernel.org/all/20210912140820.GD25450@xsang-OptiPlex-9020/
or just random memory corruption if the debug checks don't catch it:
https://lore.kernel.org/all/61ab2d0c-3313-aaab-514c-e15b7aa054a0@suse.cz/
I really don't want to apply patches that treat the symptoms, when the
fundamental cause is this horribly confusing interface.
I started out looking at just automating a sane replacement sequence,
but because of this mix or virtual and physical addresses, and because
people have used the "__pa()" macro that can take either a regular
kernel pointer, or just the raw "unsigned long" address, it's all quite
messy.
So this just introduces a new saner interface for freeing a virtual
address that was allocated using 'memblock_alloc()', and that was kept
as a regular kernel pointer. And then it converts a couple of users
that are obvious and easy to test, including the 'xbc_nodes' case in
lib/bootconfig.c that caused problems.
Reported-by: kernel test robot <oliver.sang@intel.com>
Fixes: 40caa127f3 ("init: bootconfig: Remove all bootconfig data when the init memory is removed")
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
- Add migrate-disable counter to tracing header
- Fix error handling in event probes
- Fix missed unlock in osnoise in error path
- Fix merge issue with tools/bootconfig
- Clean up bootconfig data when init memory is removed
- Fix bootconfig to loop only on subkeys
- Have kernel command lines override bootconfig options
- Increase field counts for synthetic events
- Have histograms dynamic allocate event elements to save space
- Fixes in testing and documentation
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Merge tag 'trace-v5.15-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-trace
Pull more tracing updates from Steven Rostedt:
- Add migrate-disable counter to tracing header
- Fix error handling in event probes
- Fix missed unlock in osnoise in error path
- Fix merge issue with tools/bootconfig
- Clean up bootconfig data when init memory is removed
- Fix bootconfig to loop only on subkeys
- Have kernel command lines override bootconfig options
- Increase field counts for synthetic events
- Have histograms dynamic allocate event elements to save space
- Fixes in testing and documentation
* tag 'trace-v5.15-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-trace:
tracing/boot: Fix to loop on only subkeys
selftests/ftrace: Exclude "(fault)" in testing add/remove eprobe events
tracing: Dynamically allocate the per-elt hist_elt_data array
tracing: synth events: increase max fields count
tools/bootconfig: Show whole test command for each test case
bootconfig: Fix missing return check of xbc_node_compose_key function
tools/bootconfig: Fix tracing_on option checking in ftrace2bconf.sh
docs: bootconfig: Add how to use bootconfig for kernel parameters
init/bootconfig: Reorder init parameter from bootconfig and cmdline
init: bootconfig: Remove all bootconfig data when the init memory is removed
tracing/osnoise: Fix missed cpus_read_unlock() in start_per_cpu_kthreads()
tracing: Fix some alloc_event_probe() error handling bugs
tracing: Add migrate-disabled counter to tracing output.
Pull root filesystem type handling updates from Al Viro:
"Teach init/do_mounts.c to handle non-block filesystems, hopefully
preventing even more special-cased kludges (such as root=/dev/nfs,
etc)"
* 'work.init' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs:
fs: simplify get_filesystem_list / get_all_fs_names
init: allow mounting arbitrary non-blockdevice filesystems as root
init: split get_fs_names
Merge more updates from Andrew Morton:
"147 patches, based on 7d2a07b769.
Subsystems affected by this patch series: mm (memory-hotplug, rmap,
ioremap, highmem, cleanups, secretmem, kfence, damon, and vmscan),
alpha, percpu, procfs, misc, core-kernel, MAINTAINERS, lib,
checkpatch, epoll, init, nilfs2, coredump, fork, pids, criu, kconfig,
selftests, ipc, and scripts"
* emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (94 commits)
scripts: check_extable: fix typo in user error message
mm/workingset: correct kernel-doc notations
ipc: replace costly bailout check in sysvipc_find_ipc()
selftests/memfd: remove unused variable
Kconfig.debug: drop selecting non-existing HARDLOCKUP_DETECTOR_ARCH
configs: remove the obsolete CONFIG_INPUT_POLLDEV
prctl: allow to setup brk for et_dyn executables
pid: cleanup the stale comment mentioning pidmap_init().
kernel/fork.c: unexport get_{mm,task}_exe_file
coredump: fix memleak in dump_vma_snapshot()
fs/coredump.c: log if a core dump is aborted due to changed file permissions
nilfs2: use refcount_dec_and_lock() to fix potential UAF
nilfs2: fix memory leak in nilfs_sysfs_delete_snapshot_group
nilfs2: fix memory leak in nilfs_sysfs_create_snapshot_group
nilfs2: fix memory leak in nilfs_sysfs_delete_##name##_group
nilfs2: fix memory leak in nilfs_sysfs_create_##name##_group
nilfs2: fix NULL pointer in nilfs_##name##_attr_release
nilfs2: fix memory leak in nilfs_sysfs_create_device_group
trap: cleanup trap_init()
init: move usermodehelper_enable() to populate_rootfs()
...
Reorder the init parameters from bootconfig and kernel cmdline
so that the kernel cmdline always be the last part of the
parameters as below.
" -- "[bootconfig init params][cmdline init params]
This change will help us to prevent that bootconfig init params
overwrite the init params which user gives in the command line.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/163077085675.222577.5665176468023636160.stgit@devnote2
Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Since the bootconfig is used only in the init functions,
it doesn't need to keep the data after boot. Free it when
the init memory is removed.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/163077084958.222577.5924961258513004428.stgit@devnote2
Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
There are some empty trap_init() definitions in different ARCHs, Introduce
a new weak trap_init() function to clean them up.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210812123602.76356-1-wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Kefeng Wang <wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com>
Acked-by: Russell King (Oracle) <rmk+kernel@armlinux.org.uk> [arm32]
Acked-by: Vineet Gupta [arc]
Acked-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> [powerpc]
Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp>
Cc: Ley Foon Tan <ley.foon.tan@intel.com>
Cc: Jonas Bonn <jonas@southpole.se>
Cc: Stefan Kristiansson <stefan.kristiansson@saunalahti.fi>
Cc: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com>
Cc: James E.J. Bottomley <James.Bottomley@HansenPartnership.com>
Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Paul Walmsley <palmerdabbelt@google.com>
Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
Cc: Anton Ivanov <anton.ivanov@cambridgegreys.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently, usermodehelper is enabled right before PID1 starts going
through the initcalls. However, any call of a usermodehelper from a
pure_, core_, postcore_, arch_, subsys_ or fs_ initcall is futile, as
there is no filesystem contents yet.
Up until commit e7cb072eb9 ("init/initramfs.c: do unpacking
asynchronously"), such calls, whether via some request_module(), a
legacy uevent "/sbin/hotplug" notification or something else, would
just fail silently with (presumably) -ENOENT from
kernel_execve(). However, that commit introduced the
wait_for_initramfs() synchronization hook which must be called from
the usermodehelper exec path right before the kernel_execve, in order
that request_module() et al done from *after* rootfs_initcall()
time (i.e. device_ and late_ initcalls) would continue to find a
populated initramfs as they used to.
Any call of wait_for_initramfs() done before the unpacking has been
scheduled (i.e. before rootfs_initcall time) must just return
immediately [and let the caller find an empty file system] in order
not to deadlock the machine. I mistakenly thought, and my limited
testing confirmed, that there were no such calls, so I added a
pr_warn_once() in wait_for_initramfs(). It turns out that one can
indeed hit request_module() as well as kobject_uevent_env() during
those early init calls, leading to a user-visible warning in the
kernel log emitted consistently for certain configurations.
We could just remove the pr_warn_once(), but I think it's better to
postpone enabling the usermodehelper framework until there is at least
some chance of finding the executable. That is also a little more
efficient in that a lot of work done in umh.c will be elided. However,
it does change the error seen by those early callers from -ENOENT to
-EBUSY, so there is a risk of a regression if any caller care about
the exact error value.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210728134638.329060-1-linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk
Fixes: e7cb072eb9 ("init/initramfs.c: do unpacking asynchronously")
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Reported-by: Alexander Egorenkov <egorenar@linux.ibm.com>
Reported-by: Bruno Goncalves <bgoncalv@redhat.com>
Reported-by: Heiner Kallweit <hkallweit1@gmail.com>
Cc: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The cross-product of the kernel's supported toolchains, architectures,
and configuration options is large. So large, that it's generally
accepted to be infeasible to enumerate and build+test them all
(many compile-testers rely on randomly generated configs).
Without the possibility to enumerate all possible combinations of
toolchains, architectures, and configuration options, it is inevitable
that compiler warnings in this space exist.
With -Werror, this means that an innumerable set of kernels are now
broken, yet had been perfectly usable before (confused compilers, code
with warnings unused, or luck).
Distributors will necessarily pick a point in the toolchain X arch X
config space, and if unlucky, will have a broken build. Granted, those
will likely disable CONFIG_WERROR and move on.
The kernel's default configuration is unlikely to be suitable for all
users, but it's inappropriate to force many users to set CONFIG_WERROR=n.
This also holds for CI systems which are focused on runtime testing,
where the odd warning in some subsystem will disrupt testing of the rest
of the kernel. Many of those runtime-focused CI systems run tests or
fuzz the kernel using runtime debugging tools. Runtime testing of
different subsystems can proceed in parallel, and potentially uncover
serious bugs; halting runtime testing of the entire kernel because of
the odd warning (now error) in a subsystem or driver is simply
inappropriate.
Therefore, runtime-focused CI systems will likely choose CONFIG_WERROR=n
as well.
The appropriate usecase for -Werror is therefore compile-test focused
builds (often done by developers or CI systems).
Reflect this in the Kconfig option by making the default value of WERROR
match COMPILE_TEST.
Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Acked-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Acked-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Reviwed-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
... but make it a config option so that broken environments can disable
it when required.
We really should always have a clean build, and will disable specific
over-eager warnings as required, if we can't fix them. But while I
fairly religiously enforce that in my own tree, it doesn't get enforced
by various build robots that don't necessarily report warnings.
So this just makes '-Werror' a default compiler flag, but allows people
to disable it for their configuration if they have some particular
issues.
Occasionally, new compiler versions end up enabling new warnings, and it
can take a while before we have them fixed (or the warnings disabled if
that is what it takes), so the config option allows for that situation.
Hopefully this will mean that I get fewer pull requests that have new
warnings that were not noticed by various automation we have in place.
Knock wood.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Merge tag 'printk-for-5.15' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/printk/linux
Pull printk updates from Petr Mladek:
- Optionally, provide an index of possible printk messages via
<debugfs>/printk/index/. It can be used when monitoring important
kernel messages on a farm of various hosts. The monitor has to be
updated when some messages has changed or are not longer available by
a newly deployed kernel.
- Add printk.console_no_auto_verbose boot parameter. It allows to
generate crash dump even with slow consoles in a reasonable time
frame.
- Remove printk_safe buffers. The messages are always stored directly
to the main logbuffer, even in NMI or recursive context. Also it
allows to serialize syslog operations by a mutex instead of a spin
lock.
- Misc clean up and build fixes.
* tag 'printk-for-5.15' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/printk/linux:
printk/index: Fix -Wunused-function warning
lib/nmi_backtrace: Serialize even messages about idle CPUs
printk: Add printk.console_no_auto_verbose boot parameter
printk: Remove console_silent()
lib/test_scanf: Handle n_bits == 0 in random tests
printk: syslog: close window between wait and read
printk: convert @syslog_lock to mutex
printk: remove NMI tracking
printk: remove safe buffers
printk: track/limit recursion
lib/nmi_backtrace: explicitly serialize banner and regs
printk: Move the printk() kerneldoc comment to its new home
printk/index: Fix warning about missing prototypes
MIPS/asm/printk: Fix build failure caused by printk
printk: index: Add indexing support to dev_printk
printk: Userspace format indexing support
printk: Rework parse_prefix into printk_parse_prefix
printk: Straighten out log_flags into printk_info_flags
string_helpers: Escape double quotes in escape_special
printk/console: Check consistent sequence number when handling race in console_unlock()
- Enable memcg accounting for various networking objects.
BPF:
- Introduce bpf timers.
- Add perf link and opaque bpf_cookie which the program can read
out again, to be used in libbpf-based USDT library.
- Add bpf_task_pt_regs() helper to access user space pt_regs
in kprobes, to help user space stack unwinding.
- Add support for UNIX sockets for BPF sockmap.
- Extend BPF iterator support for UNIX domain sockets.
- Allow BPF TCP congestion control progs and bpf iterators to call
bpf_setsockopt(), e.g. to switch to another congestion control
algorithm.
Protocols:
- Support IOAM Pre-allocated Trace with IPv6.
- Support Management Component Transport Protocol.
- bridge: multicast: add vlan support.
- netfilter: add hooks for the SRv6 lightweight tunnel driver.
- tcp:
- enable mid-stream window clamping (by user space or BPF)
- allow data-less, empty-cookie SYN with TFO_SERVER_COOKIE_NOT_REQD
- more accurate DSACK processing for RACK-TLP
- mptcp:
- add full mesh path manager option
- add partial support for MP_FAIL
- improve use of backup subflows
- optimize option processing
- af_unix: add OOB notification support.
- ipv6: add IFLA_INET6_RA_MTU to expose MTU value advertised by
the router.
- mac80211: Target Wake Time support in AP mode.
- can: j1939: extend UAPI to notify about RX status.
Driver APIs:
- Add page frag support in page pool API.
- Many improvements to the DSA (distributed switch) APIs.
- ethtool: extend IRQ coalesce uAPI with timer reset modes.
- devlink: control which auxiliary devices are created.
- Support CAN PHYs via the generic PHY subsystem.
- Proper cross-chip support for tag_8021q.
- Allow TX forwarding for the software bridge data path to be
offloaded to capable devices.
Drivers:
- veth: more flexible channels number configuration.
- openvswitch: introduce per-cpu upcall dispatch.
- Add internet mix (IMIX) mode to pktgen.
- Transparently handle XDP operations in the bonding driver.
- Add LiteETH network driver.
- Renesas (ravb):
- support Gigabit Ethernet IP
- NXP Ethernet switch (sja1105)
- fast aging support
- support for "H" switch topologies
- traffic termination for ports under VLAN-aware bridge
- Intel 1G Ethernet
- support getcrosststamp() with PCIe PTM (Precision Time
Measurement) for better time sync
- support Credit-Based Shaper (CBS) offload, enabling HW traffic
prioritization and bandwidth reservation
- Broadcom Ethernet (bnxt)
- support pulse-per-second output
- support larger Rx rings
- Mellanox Ethernet (mlx5)
- support ethtool RSS contexts and MQPRIO channel mode
- support LAG offload with bridging
- support devlink rate limit API
- support packet sampling on tunnels
- Huawei Ethernet (hns3):
- basic devlink support
- add extended IRQ coalescing support
- report extended link state
- Netronome Ethernet (nfp):
- add conntrack offload support
- Broadcom WiFi (brcmfmac):
- add WPA3 Personal with FT to supported cipher suites
- support 43752 SDIO device
- Intel WiFi (iwlwifi):
- support scanning hidden 6GHz networks
- support for a new hardware family (Bz)
- Xen pv driver:
- harden netfront against malicious backends
- Qualcomm mobile
- ipa: refactor power management and enable automatic suspend
- mhi: move MBIM to WWAN subsystem interfaces
Refactor:
- Ambient BPF run context and cgroup storage cleanup.
- Compat rework for ndo_ioctl.
Old code removal:
- prism54 remove the obsoleted driver, deprecated by the p54 driver.
- wan: remove sbni/granch driver.
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
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Merge tag 'net-next-5.15' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net-next
Pull networking updates from Jakub Kicinski:
"Core:
- Enable memcg accounting for various networking objects.
BPF:
- Introduce bpf timers.
- Add perf link and opaque bpf_cookie which the program can read out
again, to be used in libbpf-based USDT library.
- Add bpf_task_pt_regs() helper to access user space pt_regs in
kprobes, to help user space stack unwinding.
- Add support for UNIX sockets for BPF sockmap.
- Extend BPF iterator support for UNIX domain sockets.
- Allow BPF TCP congestion control progs and bpf iterators to call
bpf_setsockopt(), e.g. to switch to another congestion control
algorithm.
Protocols:
- Support IOAM Pre-allocated Trace with IPv6.
- Support Management Component Transport Protocol.
- bridge: multicast: add vlan support.
- netfilter: add hooks for the SRv6 lightweight tunnel driver.
- tcp:
- enable mid-stream window clamping (by user space or BPF)
- allow data-less, empty-cookie SYN with TFO_SERVER_COOKIE_NOT_REQD
- more accurate DSACK processing for RACK-TLP
- mptcp:
- add full mesh path manager option
- add partial support for MP_FAIL
- improve use of backup subflows
- optimize option processing
- af_unix: add OOB notification support.
- ipv6: add IFLA_INET6_RA_MTU to expose MTU value advertised by the
router.
- mac80211: Target Wake Time support in AP mode.
- can: j1939: extend UAPI to notify about RX status.
Driver APIs:
- Add page frag support in page pool API.
- Many improvements to the DSA (distributed switch) APIs.
- ethtool: extend IRQ coalesce uAPI with timer reset modes.
- devlink: control which auxiliary devices are created.
- Support CAN PHYs via the generic PHY subsystem.
- Proper cross-chip support for tag_8021q.
- Allow TX forwarding for the software bridge data path to be
offloaded to capable devices.
Drivers:
- veth: more flexible channels number configuration.
- openvswitch: introduce per-cpu upcall dispatch.
- Add internet mix (IMIX) mode to pktgen.
- Transparently handle XDP operations in the bonding driver.
- Add LiteETH network driver.
- Renesas (ravb):
- support Gigabit Ethernet IP
- NXP Ethernet switch (sja1105):
- fast aging support
- support for "H" switch topologies
- traffic termination for ports under VLAN-aware bridge
- Intel 1G Ethernet
- support getcrosststamp() with PCIe PTM (Precision Time
Measurement) for better time sync
- support Credit-Based Shaper (CBS) offload, enabling HW traffic
prioritization and bandwidth reservation
- Broadcom Ethernet (bnxt)
- support pulse-per-second output
- support larger Rx rings
- Mellanox Ethernet (mlx5)
- support ethtool RSS contexts and MQPRIO channel mode
- support LAG offload with bridging
- support devlink rate limit API
- support packet sampling on tunnels
- Huawei Ethernet (hns3):
- basic devlink support
- add extended IRQ coalescing support
- report extended link state
- Netronome Ethernet (nfp):
- add conntrack offload support
- Broadcom WiFi (brcmfmac):
- add WPA3 Personal with FT to supported cipher suites
- support 43752 SDIO device
- Intel WiFi (iwlwifi):
- support scanning hidden 6GHz networks
- support for a new hardware family (Bz)
- Xen pv driver:
- harden netfront against malicious backends
- Qualcomm mobile
- ipa: refactor power management and enable automatic suspend
- mhi: move MBIM to WWAN subsystem interfaces
Refactor:
- Ambient BPF run context and cgroup storage cleanup.
- Compat rework for ndo_ioctl.
Old code removal:
- prism54 remove the obsoleted driver, deprecated by the p54 driver.
- wan: remove sbni/granch driver"
* tag 'net-next-5.15' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net-next: (1715 commits)
net: Add depends on OF_NET for LiteX's LiteETH
ipv6: seg6: remove duplicated include
net: hns3: remove unnecessary spaces
net: hns3: add some required spaces
net: hns3: clean up a type mismatch warning
net: hns3: refine function hns3_set_default_feature()
ipv6: remove duplicated 'net/lwtunnel.h' include
net: w5100: check return value after calling platform_get_resource()
net/mlxbf_gige: Make use of devm_platform_ioremap_resourcexxx()
net: mdio: mscc-miim: Make use of the helper function devm_platform_ioremap_resource()
net: mdio-ipq4019: Make use of devm_platform_ioremap_resource()
fou: remove sparse errors
ipv4: fix endianness issue in inet_rtm_getroute_build_skb()
octeontx2-af: Set proper errorcode for IPv4 checksum errors
octeontx2-af: Fix static code analyzer reported issues
octeontx2-af: Fix mailbox errors in nix_rss_flowkey_cfg
octeontx2-af: Fix loop in free and unmap counter
af_unix: fix potential NULL deref in unix_dgram_connect()
dpaa2-eth: Replace strlcpy with strscpy
octeontx2-af: Use NDC TX for transmit packet data
...
- The biggest change in this cycle is scheduler support for asymmetric
scheduling affinity, to support the execution of legacy 32-bit tasks on
AArch32 systems that also have 64-bit-only CPUs.
Architectures can fill in this functionality by defining their
own task_cpu_possible_mask(p). When this is done, the scheduler will
make sure the task will only be scheduled on CPUs that support it.
(The actual arm64 specific changes are not part of this tree.)
For other architectures there will be no change in functionality.
- Add cgroup SCHED_IDLE support
- Increase node-distance flexibility & delay determining it until a CPU
is brought online. (This enables platforms where node distance isn't
final until the CPU is only.)
- Deadline scheduler enhancements & fixes
- Misc fixes & cleanups.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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Merge tag 'sched-core-2021-08-30' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull scheduler updates from Ingo Molnar:
- The biggest change in this cycle is scheduler support for asymmetric
scheduling affinity, to support the execution of legacy 32-bit tasks
on AArch32 systems that also have 64-bit-only CPUs.
Architectures can fill in this functionality by defining their own
task_cpu_possible_mask(p). When this is done, the scheduler will make
sure the task will only be scheduled on CPUs that support it.
(The actual arm64 specific changes are not part of this tree.)
For other architectures there will be no change in functionality.
- Add cgroup SCHED_IDLE support
- Increase node-distance flexibility & delay determining it until a CPU
is brought online. (This enables platforms where node distance isn't
final until the CPU is only.)
- Deadline scheduler enhancements & fixes
- Misc fixes & cleanups.
* tag 'sched-core-2021-08-30' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (27 commits)
eventfd: Make signal recursion protection a task bit
sched/fair: Mark tg_is_idle() an inline in the !CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED case
sched: Introduce dl_task_check_affinity() to check proposed affinity
sched: Allow task CPU affinity to be restricted on asymmetric systems
sched: Split the guts of sched_setaffinity() into a helper function
sched: Introduce task_struct::user_cpus_ptr to track requested affinity
sched: Reject CPU affinity changes based on task_cpu_possible_mask()
cpuset: Cleanup cpuset_cpus_allowed_fallback() use in select_fallback_rq()
cpuset: Honour task_cpu_possible_mask() in guarantee_online_cpus()
cpuset: Don't use the cpu_possible_mask as a last resort for cgroup v1
sched: Introduce task_cpu_possible_mask() to limit fallback rq selection
sched: Cgroup SCHED_IDLE support
sched/topology: Skip updating masks for non-online nodes
sched: Replace deprecated CPU-hotplug functions.
sched: Skip priority checks with SCHED_FLAG_KEEP_PARAMS
sched: Fix UCLAMP_FLAG_IDLE setting
sched/deadline: Fix missing clock update in migrate_task_rq_dl()
sched/fair: Avoid a second scan of target in select_idle_cpu
sched/fair: Use prev instead of new target as recent_used_cpu
sched: Don't report SCHED_FLAG_SUGOV in sched_getattr()
...
This might have been a neat debug aid when the extended dev_t was
added, but that time is long gone.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210824075216.1179406-3-hch@lst.de
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Just output the '\0' separate list of supported file systems for block
devices directly rather than going through a pointless round of string
manipulation.
Based on an earlier patch from Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>.
Vivek:
Modified list_bdev_fs_names() and split_fs_names() to return number of
null terminted strings to caller. Callers now use that information to
loop through all the strings instead of relying on one extra null char
being present at the end.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Currently the only non-blockdevice filesystems that can be used as the
initial root filesystem are NFS and CIFS, which use the magic
"root=/dev/nfs" and "root=/dev/cifs" syntax that requires the root
device file system details to come from filesystem specific kernel
command line options.
Add a little bit of new code that allows to just pass arbitrary
string mount options to any non-blockdevice filesystems so that it can
be mounted as the root file system.
For example a virtiofs root file system can be mounted using the
following syntax:
"root=myfs rootfstype=virtiofs rw"
Based on an earlier patch from Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Split get_fs_names into one function that splits up the command line
argument, and one that gets the list of all registered file systems.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
In preparation for saving and restoring the user-requested CPU affinity
mask of a task, add a new cpumask_t pointer to 'struct task_struct'.
If the pointer is non-NULL, then the mask is copied across fork() and
freed on task exit.
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Valentin Schneider <Valentin.Schneider@arm.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210730112443.23245-7-will@kernel.org
Since the 'bootconfig' command line parameter is handled before
parsing the command line, it doesn't use early_param(). But in
this case, kernel shows a wrong warning message about it.
[ 0.013714] Kernel command line: ro console=ttyS0 bootconfig console=tty0
[ 0.013741] Unknown command line parameters: bootconfig
To suppress this message, add a dummy handler for 'bootconfig'.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/162812945097.77369.1849780946468010448.stgit@devnote2
Fixes: 86d1919a4f ("init: print out unknown kernel parameters")
Reviewed-by: Andrew Halaney <ahalaney@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Now that ax88796.c exports the ax_NS8390_reinit() symbol, we can
include 8390.h instead of lib8390.c, avoiding duplication of that
function and killing a few compile warnings in the bargain.
Fixes: 861928f4e6 ("net-next: New ax88796 platform
driver for Amiga X-Surf 100 Zorro board (m68k)")
Signed-off-by: Michael Schmitz <schmitzmic@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
All NMI contexts are handled the same as the safe context: store the
message and defer printing. There is no need to have special NMI
context tracking for this. Using in_nmi() is enough.
There are several parts of the kernel that are manually calling into
the printk NMI context tracking in order to cause general printk
deferred printing:
arch/arm/kernel/smp.c
arch/powerpc/kexec/crash.c
kernel/trace/trace.c
For arm/kernel/smp.c and powerpc/kexec/crash.c, provide a new
function pair printk_deferred_enter/exit that explicitly achieves the
same objective.
For ftrace, remove the printk context manipulation completely. It was
added in commit 03fc7f9c99 ("printk/nmi: Prevent deadlock when
accessing the main log buffer in NMI"). The purpose was to enforce
storing messages directly into the ring buffer even in NMI context.
It really should have only modified the behavior in NMI context.
There is no need for a special behavior any longer. All messages are
always stored directly now. The console deferring is handled
transparently in vprintk().
Signed-off-by: John Ogness <john.ogness@linutronix.de>
[pmladek@suse.com: Remove special handling in ftrace.c completely.
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210715193359.25946-5-john.ogness@linutronix.de
We have a number of systems industry-wide that have a subset of their
functionality that works as follows:
1. Receive a message from local kmsg, serial console, or netconsole;
2. Apply a set of rules to classify the message;
3. Do something based on this classification (like scheduling a
remediation for the machine), rinse, and repeat.
As a couple of examples of places we have this implemented just inside
Facebook, although this isn't a Facebook-specific problem, we have this
inside our netconsole processing (for alarm classification), and as part
of our machine health checking. We use these messages to determine
fairly important metrics around production health, and it's important
that we get them right.
While for some kinds of issues we have counters, tracepoints, or metrics
with a stable interface which can reliably indicate the issue, in order
to react to production issues quickly we need to work with the interface
which most kernel developers naturally use when developing: printk.
Most production issues come from unexpected phenomena, and as such
usually the code in question doesn't have easily usable tracepoints or
other counters available for the specific problem being mitigated. We
have a number of lines of monitoring defence against problems in
production (host metrics, process metrics, service metrics, etc), and
where it's not feasible to reliably monitor at another level, this kind
of pragmatic netconsole monitoring is essential.
As one would expect, monitoring using printk is rather brittle for a
number of reasons -- most notably that the message might disappear
entirely in a new version of the kernel, or that the message may change
in some way that the regex or other classification methods start to
silently fail.
One factor that makes this even harder is that, under normal operation,
many of these messages are never expected to be hit. For example, there
may be a rare hardware bug which one wants to detect if it was to ever
happen again, but its recurrence is not likely or anticipated. This
precludes using something like checking whether the printk in question
was printed somewhere fleetwide recently to determine whether the
message in question is still present or not, since we don't anticipate
that it should be printed anywhere, but still need to monitor for its
future presence in the long-term.
This class of issue has happened on a number of occasions, causing
unhealthy machines with hardware issues to remain in production for
longer than ideal. As a recent example, some monitoring around
blk_update_request fell out of date and caused semi-broken machines to
remain in production for longer than would be desirable.
Searching through the codebase to find the message is also extremely
fragile, because many of the messages are further constructed beyond
their callsite (eg. btrfs_printk and other module-specific wrappers,
each with their own functionality). Even if they aren't, guessing the
format and formulation of the underlying message based on the aesthetics
of the message emitted is not a recipe for success at scale, and our
previous issues with fleetwide machine health checking demonstrate as
much.
This provides a solution to the issue of silently changed or deleted
printks: we record pointers to all printk format strings known at
compile time into a new .printk_index section, both in vmlinux and
modules. At runtime, this can then be iterated by looking at
<debugfs>/printk/index/<module>, which emits the following format, both
readable by humans and able to be parsed by machines:
$ head -1 vmlinux; shuf -n 5 vmlinux
# <level[,flags]> filename:line function "format"
<5> block/blk-settings.c:661 disk_stack_limits "%s: Warning: Device %s is misaligned\n"
<4> kernel/trace/trace.c:8296 trace_create_file "Could not create tracefs '%s' entry\n"
<6> arch/x86/kernel/hpet.c:144 _hpet_print_config "hpet: %s(%d):\n"
<6> init/do_mounts.c:605 prepare_namespace "Waiting for root device %s...\n"
<6> drivers/acpi/osl.c:1410 acpi_no_auto_serialize_setup "ACPI: auto-serialization disabled\n"
This mitigates the majority of cases where we have a highly-specific
printk which we want to match on, as we can now enumerate and check
whether the format changed or the printk callsite disappeared entirely
in userspace. This allows us to catch changes to printks we monitor
earlier and decide what to do about it before it becomes problematic.
There is no additional runtime cost for printk callers or printk itself,
and the assembly generated is exactly the same.
Signed-off-by: Chris Down <chris@chrisdown.name>
Cc: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Cc: Jessica Yu <jeyu@kernel.org>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Cc: John Ogness <john.ogness@linutronix.de>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Tested-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Reported-by: kernel test robot <lkp@intel.com>
Acked-by: Andy Shevchenko <andy.shevchenko@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Jessica Yu <jeyu@kernel.org> # for module.{c,h}
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/e42070983637ac5e384f17fbdbe86d19c7b212a5.1623775748.git.chris@chrisdown.name
This reverts commit 788691464c.
It's not clear why, but it causes unexplained problems in entirely
unrelated xfs code. The most likely explanation is some slab
corruption, possibly triggered due to CONFIG_SLUB_DEBUG_ON. See [1].
It ends up having a few other problems too, like build errors on
arch/arc, and Geert reporting it using much more memory on m68k [3] (it
probably does so elsewhere too, but it is probably just more noticeable
on m68k).
The architecture issues (both build and memory use) are likely just
because this change effectively force-enabled STACKDEPOT (along with a
very bad default value for the stackdepot hash size). But together with
the xfs issue, this all smells like "this commit was not ready" to me.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-xfs/YPE3l82acwgI2OiV@infradead.org/ [1]
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/202107150600.LkGNb4Vb-lkp@intel.com/ [2]
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CAMuHMdW=eoVzM1Re5FVoEN87nKfiLmM2+Ah7eNu2KXEhCvbZyA@mail.gmail.com/ [3]
Reported-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Reported-by: kernel test robot <lkp@intel.com>
Reported-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
- Increase the -falign-functions alignment for the debug option.
- Remove ugly libelf checks from the top Makefile.
- Make the silent build (-s) more silent.
- Re-compile the kernel if KBUILD_BUILD_TIMESTAMP is specified.
- Various script cleanups
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Merge tag 'kbuild-v5.14' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild
Pull Kbuild updates from Masahiro Yamada:
- Increase the -falign-functions alignment for the debug option.
- Remove ugly libelf checks from the top Makefile.
- Make the silent build (-s) more silent.
- Re-compile the kernel if KBUILD_BUILD_TIMESTAMP is specified.
- Various script cleanups
* tag 'kbuild-v5.14' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild: (27 commits)
scripts: add generic syscallnr.sh
scripts: check duplicated syscall number in syscall table
sparc: syscalls: use pattern rules to generate syscall headers
parisc: syscalls: use pattern rules to generate syscall headers
nds32: add arch/nds32/boot/.gitignore
kbuild: mkcompile_h: consider timestamp if KBUILD_BUILD_TIMESTAMP is set
kbuild: modpost: Explicitly warn about unprototyped symbols
kbuild: remove trailing slashes from $(KBUILD_EXTMOD)
kconfig.h: explain IS_MODULE(), IS_ENABLED()
kconfig: constify long_opts
scripts/setlocalversion: simplify the short version part
scripts/setlocalversion: factor out 12-chars hash construction
scripts/setlocalversion: add more comments to -dirty flag detection
scripts/setlocalversion: remove workaround for old make-kpkg
scripts/setlocalversion: remove mercurial, svn and git-svn supports
kbuild: clean up ${quiet} checks in shell scripts
kbuild: sink stdout from cmd for silent build
init: use $(call cmd,) for generating include/generated/compile.h
kbuild: merge scripts/mkmakefile to top Makefile
sh: move core-y in arch/sh/Makefile to arch/sh/Kbuild
...
Parse the kernel's build ID at initialization so that other code can print
a hex format string representation of the running kernel's build ID. This
will be used in the kdump and dump_stack code so that developers can
easily locate the vmlinux debug symbols for a crash/stacktrace.
[swboyd@chromium.org: fix implicit declaration of init_vmlinux_build_id()]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/CAE-0n51UjTbay8N9FXAyE7_aR2+ePrQnKSRJ0gbmRsXtcLBVaw@mail.gmail.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210511003845.2429846-4-swboyd@chromium.org
Signed-off-by: Stephen Boyd <swboyd@chromium.org>
Acked-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Cc: Jessica Yu <jeyu@kernel.org>
Cc: Evan Green <evgreen@chromium.org>
Cc: Hsin-Yi Wang <hsinyi@chromium.org>
Cc: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@yandex-team.ru>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Cc: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Cc: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Many stack traces are similar so there are many similar arrays.
Stackdepot saves each unique stack only once.
Replace field addrs in struct track with depot_stack_handle_t handle. Use
stackdepot to save stack trace.
The benefits are smaller memory overhead and possibility to aggregate
per-cache statistics in the future using the stackdepot handle instead of
matching stacks manually.
[rdunlap@infradead.org: rename save_stack_trace()]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210513051920.29320-1-rdunlap@infradead.org
[vbabka@suse.cz: fix lockdep splat]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210516195150.26740-1-vbabka@suse.czLink: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210414163434.4376-1-glittao@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Oliver Glitta <glittao@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull RCU updates from Paul McKenney:
- Bitmap parsing support for "all" as an alias for all bits
- Documentation updates
- Miscellaneous fixes, including some that overlap into mm and lockdep
- kvfree_rcu() updates
- mem_dump_obj() updates, with acks from one of the slab-allocator
maintainers
- RCU NOCB CPU updates, including limited deoffloading
- SRCU updates
- Tasks-RCU updates
- Torture-test updates
* 'core-rcu-2021.07.04' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/paulmck/linux-rcu: (78 commits)
tasks-rcu: Make show_rcu_tasks_gp_kthreads() be static inline
rcu-tasks: Make ksoftirqd provide RCU Tasks quiescent states
rcu: Add missing __releases() annotation
rcu: Remove obsolete rcu_read_unlock() deadlock commentary
rcu: Improve comments describing RCU read-side critical sections
rcu: Create an unrcu_pointer() to remove __rcu from a pointer
srcu: Early test SRCU polling start
rcu: Fix various typos in comments
rcu/nocb: Unify timers
rcu/nocb: Prepare for fine-grained deferred wakeup
rcu/nocb: Only cancel nocb timer if not polling
rcu/nocb: Delete bypass_timer upon nocb_gp wakeup
rcu/nocb: Cancel nocb_timer upon nocb_gp wakeup
rcu/nocb: Allow de-offloading rdp leader
rcu/nocb: Directly call __wake_nocb_gp() from bypass timer
rcu: Don't penalize priority boosting when there is nothing to boost
rcu: Point to documentation of ordering guarantees
rcu: Make rcu_gp_cleanup() be noinline for tracing
rcu: Restrict RCU_STRICT_GRACE_PERIOD to at most four CPUs
rcu: Make show_rcu_gp_kthreads() dump rcu_node structures blocking GP
...
- Added option for per CPU threads to the hwlat tracer
- Have hwlat tracer handle hotplug CPUs
- New tracer: osnoise, that detects latency caused by interrupts, softirqs
and scheduling of other tasks.
- Added timerlat tracer that creates a thread and measures in detail what
sources of latency it has for wake ups.
- Removed the "success" field of the sched_wakeup trace event.
This has been hardcoded as "1" since 2015, no tooling should be looking
at it now. If one exists, we can revert this commit, fix that tool and
try to remove it again in the future.
- tgid mapping fixed to handle more than PID_MAX_DEFAULT pids/tgids.
- New boot command line option "tp_printk_stop", as tp_printk causes trace
events to write to console. When user space starts, this can easily live
lock the system. Having a boot option to stop just after boot up is
useful to prevent that from happening.
- Have ftrace_dump_on_oops boot command line option take numbers that match
the numbers shown in /proc/sys/kernel/ftrace_dump_on_oops.
- Bootconfig clean ups, fixes and enhancements.
- New ktest script that tests bootconfig options.
- Add tracepoint_probe_register_may_exist() to register a tracepoint
without triggering a WARN*() if it already exists. BPF has a path from
user space that can do this. All other paths are considered a bug.
- Small clean ups and fixes
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Merge tag 'trace-v5.14' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-trace
Pull tracing updates from Steven Rostedt:
- Added option for per CPU threads to the hwlat tracer
- Have hwlat tracer handle hotplug CPUs
- New tracer: osnoise, that detects latency caused by interrupts,
softirqs and scheduling of other tasks.
- Added timerlat tracer that creates a thread and measures in detail
what sources of latency it has for wake ups.
- Removed the "success" field of the sched_wakeup trace event. This has
been hardcoded as "1" since 2015, no tooling should be looking at it
now. If one exists, we can revert this commit, fix that tool and try
to remove it again in the future.
- tgid mapping fixed to handle more than PID_MAX_DEFAULT pids/tgids.
- New boot command line option "tp_printk_stop", as tp_printk causes
trace events to write to console. When user space starts, this can
easily live lock the system. Having a boot option to stop just after
boot up is useful to prevent that from happening.
- Have ftrace_dump_on_oops boot command line option take numbers that
match the numbers shown in /proc/sys/kernel/ftrace_dump_on_oops.
- Bootconfig clean ups, fixes and enhancements.
- New ktest script that tests bootconfig options.
- Add tracepoint_probe_register_may_exist() to register a tracepoint
without triggering a WARN*() if it already exists. BPF has a path
from user space that can do this. All other paths are considered a
bug.
- Small clean ups and fixes
* tag 'trace-v5.14' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-trace: (49 commits)
tracing: Resize tgid_map to pid_max, not PID_MAX_DEFAULT
tracing: Simplify & fix saved_tgids logic
treewide: Add missing semicolons to __assign_str uses
tracing: Change variable type as bool for clean-up
trace/timerlat: Fix indentation on timerlat_main()
trace/osnoise: Make 'noise' variable s64 in run_osnoise()
tracepoint: Add tracepoint_probe_register_may_exist() for BPF tracing
tracing: Fix spelling in osnoise tracer "interferences" -> "interference"
Documentation: Fix a typo on trace/osnoise-tracer
trace/osnoise: Fix return value on osnoise_init_hotplug_support
trace/osnoise: Make interval u64 on osnoise_main
trace/osnoise: Fix 'no previous prototype' warnings
tracing: Have osnoise_main() add a quiescent state for task rcu
seq_buf: Make trace_seq_putmem_hex() support data longer than 8
seq_buf: Fix overflow in seq_buf_putmem_hex()
trace/osnoise: Support hotplug operations
trace/hwlat: Support hotplug operations
trace/hwlat: Protect kdata->kthread with get/put_online_cpus
trace: Add timerlat tracer
trace: Add osnoise tracer
...
Merge more updates from Andrew Morton:
"190 patches.
Subsystems affected by this patch series: mm (hugetlb, userfaultfd,
vmscan, kconfig, proc, z3fold, zbud, ras, mempolicy, memblock,
migration, thp, nommu, kconfig, madvise, memory-hotplug, zswap,
zsmalloc, zram, cleanups, kfence, and hmm), procfs, sysctl, misc,
core-kernel, lib, lz4, checkpatch, init, kprobes, nilfs2, hfs,
signals, exec, kcov, selftests, compress/decompress, and ipc"
* emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (190 commits)
ipc/util.c: use binary search for max_idx
ipc/sem.c: use READ_ONCE()/WRITE_ONCE() for use_global_lock
ipc: use kmalloc for msg_queue and shmid_kernel
ipc sem: use kvmalloc for sem_undo allocation
lib/decompressors: remove set but not used variabled 'level'
selftests/vm/pkeys: exercise x86 XSAVE init state
selftests/vm/pkeys: refill shadow register after implicit kernel write
selftests/vm/pkeys: handle negative sys_pkey_alloc() return code
selftests/vm/pkeys: fix alloc_random_pkey() to make it really, really random
kcov: add __no_sanitize_coverage to fix noinstr for all architectures
exec: remove checks in __register_bimfmt()
x86: signal: don't do sas_ss_reset() until we are certain that sigframe won't be abandoned
hfsplus: report create_date to kstat.btime
hfsplus: remove unnecessary oom message
nilfs2: remove redundant continue statement in a while-loop
kprobes: remove duplicated strong free_insn_page in x86 and s390
init: print out unknown kernel parameters
checkpatch: do not complain about positive return values starting with EPOLL
checkpatch: improve the indented label test
checkpatch: scripts/spdxcheck.py now requires python3
...
It is easy to foobar setting a kernel parameter on the command line
without realizing it, there's not much output that you can use to assess
what the kernel did with that parameter by default.
Make it a little more explicit which parameters on the command line
_looked_ like a valid parameter for the kernel, but did not match anything
and ultimately got tossed to init. This is very similar to the unknown
parameter message received when loading a module.
This assumes the parameters are processed in a normal fashion, some
parameters (dyndbg= for example) don't register their parameter with the
rest of the kernel's parameters, and therefore always show up in this list
(and are also given to init - like the rest of this list).
Another example is BOOT_IMAGE= is highlighted as an offender, which it
technically is, but is passed by LILO and GRUB so most systems will see
that complaint.
An example output where "foobared" and "unrecognized" are intentionally
invalid parameters:
Kernel command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-5.12-dirty debug log_buf_len=4M foobared unrecognized=foo
Unknown command line parameters: foobared BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-5.12-dirty unrecognized=foo
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210511211009.42259-1-ahalaney@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Andrew Halaney <ahalaney@redhat.com>
Suggested-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Suggested-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Acked-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
- Add CC_HAS_NO_PROFILE_FN_ATTR in preparation for PGO support in
the face of the noinstr attribute, paving the way for PGO and fixing
GCOV. (Nick Desaulniers)
- x86_64 LTO coverage is expanded to 32-bit x86. (Nathan Chancellor)
- Small fixes to CFI. (Mark Rutland, Nathan Chancellor)
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Merge tag 'clang-features-v5.14-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kees/linux
Pull clang feature updates from Kees Cook:
- Add CC_HAS_NO_PROFILE_FN_ATTR in preparation for PGO support in the
face of the noinstr attribute, paving the way for PGO and fixing
GCOV. (Nick Desaulniers)
- x86_64 LTO coverage is expanded to 32-bit x86. (Nathan Chancellor)
- Small fixes to CFI. (Mark Rutland, Nathan Chancellor)
* tag 'clang-features-v5.14-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kees/linux:
qemu_fw_cfg: Make fw_cfg_rev_attr a proper kobj_attribute
Kconfig: Introduce ARCH_WANTS_NO_INSTR and CC_HAS_NO_PROFILE_FN_ATTR
compiler_attributes.h: cleanups for GCC 4.9+
compiler_attributes.h: define __no_profile, add to noinstr
x86, lto: Enable Clang LTO for 32-bit as well
CFI: Move function_nocfi() into compiler.h
MAINTAINERS: Add Clang CFI section
We don't want compiler instrumentation to touch noinstr functions,
which are annotated with the no_profile_instrument_function function
attribute. Add a Kconfig test for this and make GCOV depend on it, and
in the future, PGO.
If an architecture is using noinstr, it should denote that via this
Kconfig value. That makes Kconfigs that depend on noinstr able to express
dependencies in an architecturally agnostic way.
Cc: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/YMTn9yjuemKFLbws@hirez.programming.kicks-ass.net/
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/YMcssV%2Fn5IBGv4f0@hirez.programming.kicks-ass.net/
Suggested-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Suggested-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Peter Oberparleiter <oberpar@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210621231822.2848305-4-ndesaulniers@google.com
Change the type and name of task_struct::state. Drop the volatile and
shrink it to an 'unsigned int'. Rename it in order to find all uses
such that we can use READ_ONCE/WRITE_ONCE as appropriate.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Bristot de Oliveira <bristot@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Daniel Thompson <daniel.thompson@linaro.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210611082838.550736351@infradead.org
This commit in sched/urgent moved the cfs_rq_is_decayed() function:
a7b359fc6a37: ("sched/fair: Correctly insert cfs_rq's to list on unthrottle")
and this fresh commit in sched/core modified it in the old location:
9e077b52d86a: ("sched/pelt: Check that *_avg are null when *_sum are")
Merge the two variants.
Conflicts:
kernel/sched/fair.c
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
During boot, kernel_init_freeable() initializes `cad_pid` to the init
task's struct pid. Later on, we may change `cad_pid` via a sysctl, and
when this happens proc_do_cad_pid() will increment the refcount on the
new pid via get_pid(), and will decrement the refcount on the old pid
via put_pid(). As we never called get_pid() when we initialized
`cad_pid`, we decrement a reference we never incremented, can therefore
free the init task's struct pid early. As there can be dangling
references to the struct pid, we can later encounter a use-after-free
(e.g. when delivering signals).
This was spotted when fuzzing v5.13-rc3 with Syzkaller, but seems to
have been around since the conversion of `cad_pid` to struct pid in
commit 9ec52099e4 ("[PATCH] replace cad_pid by a struct pid") from the
pre-KASAN stone age of v2.6.19.
Fix this by getting a reference to the init task's struct pid when we
assign it to `cad_pid`.
Full KASAN splat below.
==================================================================
BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in ns_of_pid include/linux/pid.h:153 [inline]
BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in task_active_pid_ns+0xc0/0xc8 kernel/pid.c:509
Read of size 4 at addr ffff23794dda0004 by task syz-executor.0/273
CPU: 1 PID: 273 Comm: syz-executor.0 Not tainted 5.12.0-00001-g9aef892b2d15 #1
Hardware name: linux,dummy-virt (DT)
Call trace:
ns_of_pid include/linux/pid.h:153 [inline]
task_active_pid_ns+0xc0/0xc8 kernel/pid.c:509
do_notify_parent+0x308/0xe60 kernel/signal.c:1950
exit_notify kernel/exit.c:682 [inline]
do_exit+0x2334/0x2bd0 kernel/exit.c:845
do_group_exit+0x108/0x2c8 kernel/exit.c:922
get_signal+0x4e4/0x2a88 kernel/signal.c:2781
do_signal arch/arm64/kernel/signal.c:882 [inline]
do_notify_resume+0x300/0x970 arch/arm64/kernel/signal.c:936
work_pending+0xc/0x2dc
Allocated by task 0:
slab_post_alloc_hook+0x50/0x5c0 mm/slab.h:516
slab_alloc_node mm/slub.c:2907 [inline]
slab_alloc mm/slub.c:2915 [inline]
kmem_cache_alloc+0x1f4/0x4c0 mm/slub.c:2920
alloc_pid+0xdc/0xc00 kernel/pid.c:180
copy_process+0x2794/0x5e18 kernel/fork.c:2129
kernel_clone+0x194/0x13c8 kernel/fork.c:2500
kernel_thread+0xd4/0x110 kernel/fork.c:2552
rest_init+0x44/0x4a0 init/main.c:687
arch_call_rest_init+0x1c/0x28
start_kernel+0x520/0x554 init/main.c:1064
0x0
Freed by task 270:
slab_free_hook mm/slub.c:1562 [inline]
slab_free_freelist_hook+0x98/0x260 mm/slub.c:1600
slab_free mm/slub.c:3161 [inline]
kmem_cache_free+0x224/0x8e0 mm/slub.c:3177
put_pid.part.4+0xe0/0x1a8 kernel/pid.c:114
put_pid+0x30/0x48 kernel/pid.c:109
proc_do_cad_pid+0x190/0x1b0 kernel/sysctl.c:1401
proc_sys_call_handler+0x338/0x4b0 fs/proc/proc_sysctl.c:591
proc_sys_write+0x34/0x48 fs/proc/proc_sysctl.c:617
call_write_iter include/linux/fs.h:1977 [inline]
new_sync_write+0x3ac/0x510 fs/read_write.c:518
vfs_write fs/read_write.c:605 [inline]
vfs_write+0x9c4/0x1018 fs/read_write.c:585
ksys_write+0x124/0x240 fs/read_write.c:658
__do_sys_write fs/read_write.c:670 [inline]
__se_sys_write fs/read_write.c:667 [inline]
__arm64_sys_write+0x78/0xb0 fs/read_write.c:667
__invoke_syscall arch/arm64/kernel/syscall.c:37 [inline]
invoke_syscall arch/arm64/kernel/syscall.c:49 [inline]
el0_svc_common.constprop.1+0x16c/0x388 arch/arm64/kernel/syscall.c:129
do_el0_svc+0xf8/0x150 arch/arm64/kernel/syscall.c:168
el0_svc+0x28/0x38 arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:416
el0_sync_handler+0x134/0x180 arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:432
el0_sync+0x154/0x180 arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S:701
The buggy address belongs to the object at ffff23794dda0000
which belongs to the cache pid of size 224
The buggy address is located 4 bytes inside of
224-byte region [ffff23794dda0000, ffff23794dda00e0)
The buggy address belongs to the page:
page:(____ptrval____) refcount:1 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x0 pfn:0x4dda0
head:(____ptrval____) order:1 compound_mapcount:0
flags: 0x3fffc0000010200(slab|head)
raw: 03fffc0000010200 dead000000000100 dead000000000122 ffff23794d40d080
raw: 0000000000000000 0000000000190019 00000001ffffffff 0000000000000000
page dumped because: kasan: bad access detected
Memory state around the buggy address:
ffff23794dd9ff00: fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc
ffff23794dd9ff80: fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc
>ffff23794dda0000: fa fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb
^
ffff23794dda0080: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fc fc fc fc
ffff23794dda0100: fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
==================================================================
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210524172230.38715-1-mark.rutland@arm.com
Fixes: 9ec52099e4 ("[PATCH] replace cad_pid by a struct pid")
Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Acked-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Cc: Christian Brauner <christian@brauner.io>
Cc: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Extend 8fb12156b8 ("init: Pin init task to the boot CPU, initially")
to cover the new PF_NO_SETAFFINITY requirement.
While there, move wait_for_completion(&kthreadd_done) into kernel_init()
to make it absolutely clear it is the very first thing done by the init
thread.
Fixes: 570a752b7a ("lib/smp_processor_id: Use is_percpu_thread() instead of nr_cpus_allowed")
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Valentin Schneider <valentin.schneider@arm.com>
Tested-by: Valentin Schneider <valentin.schneider@arm.com>
Tested-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/YLS4mbKUrA3Gnb4t@hirez.programming.kicks-ass.net
Add a helper to find the dev_t for a disk + partno tuple.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210525061301.2242282-8-hch@lst.de
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
As pointed out by commit
de9b8f5dcb ("sched: Fix crash trying to dequeue/enqueue the idle thread")
init_idle() can and will be invoked more than once on the same idle
task. At boot time, it is invoked for the boot CPU thread by
sched_init(). Then smp_init() creates the threads for all the secondary
CPUs and invokes init_idle() on them.
As the hotplug machinery brings the secondaries to life, it will issue
calls to idle_thread_get(), which itself invokes init_idle() yet again.
In this case it's invoked twice more per secondary: at _cpu_up(), and at
bringup_cpu().
Given smp_init() already initializes the idle tasks for all *possible*
CPUs, no further initialization should be required. Now, removing
init_idle() from idle_thread_get() exposes some interesting expectations
with regards to the idle task's preempt_count: the secondary startup always
issues a preempt_disable(), requiring some reset of the preempt count to 0
between hot-unplug and hotplug, which is currently served by
idle_thread_get() -> idle_init().
Given the idle task is supposed to have preemption disabled once and never
see it re-enabled, it seems that what we actually want is to initialize its
preempt_count to PREEMPT_DISABLED and leave it there. Do that, and remove
init_idle() from idle_thread_get().
Secondary startups were patched via coccinelle:
@begone@
@@
-preempt_disable();
...
cpu_startup_entry(CPUHP_AP_ONLINE_IDLE);
Signed-off-by: Valentin Schneider <valentin.schneider@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210512094636.2958515-1-valentin.schneider@arm.com
Daniel Borkmann says:
====================
pull-request: bpf 2021-05-11
The following pull-request contains BPF updates for your *net* tree.
We've added 13 non-merge commits during the last 8 day(s) which contain
a total of 21 files changed, 817 insertions(+), 382 deletions(-).
The main changes are:
1) Fix multiple ringbuf bugs in particular to prevent writable mmap of
read-only pages, from Andrii Nakryiko & Thadeu Lima de Souza Cascardo.
2) Fix verifier alu32 known-const subregister bound tracking for bitwise
operations and/or/xor, from Daniel Borkmann.
3) Reject trampoline attachment for functions with variable arguments,
and also add a deny list of other forbidden functions, from Jiri Olsa.
4) Fix nested bpf_bprintf_prepare() calls used by various helpers by
switching to per-CPU buffers, from Florent Revest.
5) Fix kernel compilation with BTF debug info on ppc64 due to pahole
missing TCP-CC functions like cubictcp_init, from Martin KaFai Lau.
6) Add a kconfig entry to provide an option to disallow unprivileged
BPF by default, from Daniel Borkmann.
7) Fix libbpf compilation for older libelf when GELF_ST_VISIBILITY()
macro is not available, from Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo.
8) Migrate test_tc_redirect to test_progs framework as prep work
for upcoming skb_change_head() fix & selftest, from Jussi Maki.
9) Fix a libbpf segfault in add_dummy_ksym_var() if BTF is not
present, from Ian Rogers.
10) Fix tx_only micro-benchmark in xdpsock BPF sample with proper frame
size, from Magnus Karlsson.
====================
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Right now, all core BPF related options are scattered in different Kconfig
locations mainly due to historic reasons. Moving forward, lets add a proper
subsystem entry under ...
General setup --->
BPF subsystem --->
... in order to have all knobs in a single location and thus ease BPF related
configuration. Networking related bits such as sockmap are out of scope for
the general setup and therefore better suited to remain in net/Kconfig.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/f23f58765a4d59244ebd8037da7b6a6b2fb58446.1620765074.git.daniel@iogearbox.net
Once srcu_init() is called, the SRCU core will make use of delayed
workqueues, which rely on timers. However init_timers() is called
several steps after rcu_init(). This means that a call_srcu() after
rcu_init() but before init_timers() would find itself within a dangerously
uninitialized timer core.
This commit therefore creates a separate call to srcu_init() after
init_timer() completes, which ensures that we stay in early SRCU mode
until timers are safe(r).
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Cc: Uladzislau Rezki <urezki@gmail.com>
Cc: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <jiangshanlai@gmail.com>
Cc: Neeraj Upadhyay <neeraju@codeaurora.org>
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Cc: Joel Fernandes <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Allow the developer to specifiy the initial value of the modprobe_path[]
string. This can be used to set it to the empty string initially, thus
effectively disabling request_module() during early boot until userspace
writes a new value via the /proc/sys/kernel/modprobe interface. [1]
When building a custom kernel (often for an embedded target), it's normal
to build everything into the kernel that is needed for booting, and indeed
the initramfs often contains no modules at all, so every such
request_module() done before userspace init has mounted the real rootfs is
a waste of time.
This is particularly useful when combined with the previous patch, which
made the initramfs unpacking asynchronous - for that to work, it had to
make any usermodehelper call wait for the unpacking to finish before
attempting to invoke the userspace helper. By eliminating all such
(known-to-be-futile) calls of usermodehelper, the initramfs unpacking and
the {device,late}_initcalls can proceed in parallel for much longer.
For a relatively slow ppc board I'm working on, the two patches combined
lead to 0.2s faster boot - but more importantly, the fact that the
initramfs unpacking proceeds completely in the background while devices
get probed means I get to handle the gpio watchdog in time without getting
reset.
[1] __request_module() already has an early -ENOENT return when
modprobe_path is the empty string.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210313212528.2956377-3-linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Acked-by: Jessica Yu <jeyu@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Cc: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Patch series "background initramfs unpacking, and CONFIG_MODPROBE_PATH", v3.
These two patches are independent, but better-together.
The second is a rather trivial patch that simply allows the developer to
change "/sbin/modprobe" to something else - e.g. the empty string, so
that all request_module() during early boot return -ENOENT early, without
even spawning a usermode helper, needlessly synchronizing with the
initramfs unpacking.
The first patch delegates decompressing the initramfs to a worker thread,
allowing do_initcalls() in main.c to proceed to the device_ and late_
initcalls without waiting for that decompression (and populating of
rootfs) to finish. Obviously, some of those later calls may rely on the
initramfs being available, so I've added synchronization points in the
firmware loader and usermodehelper paths - there might be other places
that would need this, but so far no one has been able to think of any
places I have missed.
There's not much to win if most of the functionality needed during boot is
only available as modules. But systems with a custom-made .config and
initramfs can boot faster, partly due to utilizing more than one cpu
earlier, partly by avoiding known-futile modprobe calls (which would still
trigger synchronization with the initramfs unpacking, thus eliminating
most of the first benefit).
This patch (of 2):
Most of the boot process doesn't actually need anything from the
initramfs, until of course PID1 is to be executed. So instead of doing
the decompressing and populating of the initramfs synchronously in
populate_rootfs() itself, push that off to a worker thread.
This is primarily motivated by an embedded ppc target, where unpacking
even the rather modest sized initramfs takes 0.6 seconds, which is long
enough that the external watchdog becomes unhappy that it doesn't get
attention soon enough. By doing the initramfs decompression in a worker
thread, we get to do the device_initcalls and hence start petting the
watchdog much sooner.
Normal desktops might benefit as well. On my mostly stock Ubuntu kernel,
my initramfs is a 26M xz-compressed blob, decompressing to around 126M.
That takes almost two seconds:
[ 0.201454] Trying to unpack rootfs image as initramfs...
[ 1.976633] Freeing initrd memory: 29416K
Before this patch, these lines occur consecutively in dmesg. With this
patch, the timestamps on these two lines is roughly the same as above, but
with 172 lines inbetween - so more than one cpu has been kept busy doing
work that would otherwise only happen after the populate_rootfs()
finished.
Should one of the initcalls done after rootfs_initcall time (i.e., device_
and late_ initcalls) need something from the initramfs (say, a kernel
module or a firmware blob), it will simply wait for the initramfs
unpacking to be done before proceeding, which should in theory make this
completely safe.
But if some driver pokes around in the filesystem directly and not via one
of the official kernel interfaces (i.e. request_firmware*(),
call_usermodehelper*) that theory may not hold - also, I certainly might
have missed a spot when sprinkling wait_for_initramfs(). So there is an
escape hatch in the form of an initramfs_async= command line parameter.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210313212528.2956377-1-linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210313212528.2956377-2-linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Reviewed-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Cc: Jessica Yu <jeyu@kernel.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Cc: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Merge more updates from Andrew Morton:
"The remainder of the main mm/ queue.
143 patches.
Subsystems affected by this patch series (all mm): pagecache, hugetlb,
userfaultfd, vmscan, compaction, migration, cma, ksm, vmstat, mmap,
kconfig, util, memory-hotplug, zswap, zsmalloc, highmem, cleanups, and
kfence"
* emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (143 commits)
kfence: use power-efficient work queue to run delayed work
kfence: maximize allocation wait timeout duration
kfence: await for allocation using wait_event
kfence: zero guard page after out-of-bounds access
mm/process_vm_access.c: remove duplicate include
mm/mempool: minor coding style tweaks
mm/highmem.c: fix coding style issue
btrfs: use memzero_page() instead of open coded kmap pattern
iov_iter: lift memzero_page() to highmem.h
mm/zsmalloc: use BUG_ON instead of if condition followed by BUG.
mm/zswap.c: switch from strlcpy to strscpy
arm64/Kconfig: introduce ARCH_MHP_MEMMAP_ON_MEMORY_ENABLE
x86/Kconfig: introduce ARCH_MHP_MEMMAP_ON_MEMORY_ENABLE
mm,memory_hotplug: add kernel boot option to enable memmap_on_memory
acpi,memhotplug: enable MHP_MEMMAP_ON_MEMORY when supported
mm,memory_hotplug: allocate memmap from the added memory range
mm,memory_hotplug: factor out adjusting present pages into adjust_present_page_count()
mm,memory_hotplug: relax fully spanned sections check
drivers/base/memory: introduce memory_block_{online,offline}
mm/memory_hotplug: remove broken locking of zone PCP structures during hot remove
...
Patch series "userfaultfd: add minor fault handling", v9.
Overview
========
This series adds a new userfaultfd feature, UFFD_FEATURE_MINOR_HUGETLBFS.
When enabled (via the UFFDIO_API ioctl), this feature means that any
hugetlbfs VMAs registered with UFFDIO_REGISTER_MODE_MISSING will *also*
get events for "minor" faults. By "minor" fault, I mean the following
situation:
Let there exist two mappings (i.e., VMAs) to the same page(s) (shared
memory). One of the mappings is registered with userfaultfd (in minor
mode), and the other is not. Via the non-UFFD mapping, the underlying
pages have already been allocated & filled with some contents. The UFFD
mapping has not yet been faulted in; when it is touched for the first
time, this results in what I'm calling a "minor" fault. As a concrete
example, when working with hugetlbfs, we have huge_pte_none(), but
find_lock_page() finds an existing page.
We also add a new ioctl to resolve such faults: UFFDIO_CONTINUE. The idea
is, userspace resolves the fault by either a) doing nothing if the
contents are already correct, or b) updating the underlying contents using
the second, non-UFFD mapping (via memcpy/memset or similar, or something
fancier like RDMA, or etc...). In either case, userspace issues
UFFDIO_CONTINUE to tell the kernel "I have ensured the page contents are
correct, carry on setting up the mapping".
Use Case
========
Consider the use case of VM live migration (e.g. under QEMU/KVM):
1. While a VM is still running, we copy the contents of its memory to a
target machine. The pages are populated on the target by writing to the
non-UFFD mapping, using the setup described above. The VM is still running
(and therefore its memory is likely changing), so this may be repeated
several times, until we decide the target is "up to date enough".
2. We pause the VM on the source, and start executing on the target machine.
During this gap, the VM's user(s) will *see* a pause, so it is desirable to
minimize this window.
3. Between the last time any page was copied from the source to the target, and
when the VM was paused, the contents of that page may have changed - and
therefore the copy we have on the target machine is out of date. Although we
can keep track of which pages are out of date, for VMs with large amounts of
memory, it is "slow" to transfer this information to the target machine. We
want to resume execution before such a transfer would complete.
4. So, the guest begins executing on the target machine. The first time it
touches its memory (via the UFFD-registered mapping), userspace wants to
intercept this fault. Userspace checks whether or not the page is up to date,
and if not, copies the updated page from the source machine, via the non-UFFD
mapping. Finally, whether a copy was performed or not, userspace issues a
UFFDIO_CONTINUE ioctl to tell the kernel "I have ensured the page contents
are correct, carry on setting up the mapping".
We don't have to do all of the final updates on-demand. The userfaultfd manager
can, in the background, also copy over updated pages once it receives the map of
which pages are up-to-date or not.
Interaction with Existing APIs
==============================
Because this is a feature, a registered VMA could potentially receive both
missing and minor faults. I spent some time thinking through how the
existing API interacts with the new feature:
UFFDIO_CONTINUE cannot be used to resolve non-minor faults, as it does not
allocate a new page. If UFFDIO_CONTINUE is used on a non-minor fault:
- For non-shared memory or shmem, -EINVAL is returned.
- For hugetlb, -EFAULT is returned.
UFFDIO_COPY and UFFDIO_ZEROPAGE cannot be used to resolve minor faults.
Without modifications, the existing codepath assumes a new page needs to
be allocated. This is okay, since userspace must have a second
non-UFFD-registered mapping anyway, thus there isn't much reason to want
to use these in any case (just memcpy or memset or similar).
- If UFFDIO_COPY is used on a minor fault, -EEXIST is returned.
- If UFFDIO_ZEROPAGE is used on a minor fault, -EEXIST is returned (or -EINVAL
in the case of hugetlb, as UFFDIO_ZEROPAGE is unsupported in any case).
- UFFDIO_WRITEPROTECT simply doesn't work with shared memory, and returns
-ENOENT in that case (regardless of the kind of fault).
Future Work
===========
This series only supports hugetlbfs. I have a second series in flight to
support shmem as well, extending the functionality. This series is more
mature than the shmem support at this point, and the functionality works
fully on hugetlbfs, so this series can be merged first and then shmem
support will follow.
This patch (of 6):
This feature allows userspace to intercept "minor" faults. By "minor"
faults, I mean the following situation:
Let there exist two mappings (i.e., VMAs) to the same page(s). One of the
mappings is registered with userfaultfd (in minor mode), and the other is
not. Via the non-UFFD mapping, the underlying pages have already been
allocated & filled with some contents. The UFFD mapping has not yet been
faulted in; when it is touched for the first time, this results in what
I'm calling a "minor" fault. As a concrete example, when working with
hugetlbfs, we have huge_pte_none(), but find_lock_page() finds an existing
page.
This commit adds the new registration mode, and sets the relevant flag on
the VMAs being registered. In the hugetlb fault path, if we find that we
have huge_pte_none(), but find_lock_page() does indeed find an existing
page, then we have a "minor" fault, and if the VMA has the userfaultfd
registration flag, we call into userfaultfd to handle it.
This is implemented as a new registration mode, instead of an API feature.
This is because the alternative implementation has significant drawbacks
[1].
However, doing it this was requires we allocate a VM_* flag for the new
registration mode. On 32-bit systems, there are no unused bits, so this
feature is only supported on architectures with
CONFIG_ARCH_USES_HIGH_VMA_FLAGS. When attempting to register a VMA in
MINOR mode on 32-bit architectures, we return -EINVAL.
[1] https://lore.kernel.org/patchwork/patch/1380226/
[peterx@redhat.com: fix minor fault page leak]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210322175132.36659-1-peterx@redhat.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210301222728.176417-1-axelrasmussen@google.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210301222728.176417-2-axelrasmussen@google.com
Signed-off-by: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Anshuman Khandual <anshuman.khandual@arm.com>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Chinwen Chang <chinwen.chang@mediatek.com>
Cc: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Cc: Jerome Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com>
Cc: Lokesh Gidra <lokeshgidra@google.com>
Cc: "Matthew Wilcox (Oracle)" <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: "Michal Koutn" <mkoutny@suse.com>
Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Cc: Shaohua Li <shli@fb.com>
Cc: Shawn Anastasio <shawn@anastas.io>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Steven Price <steven.price@arm.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Adam Ruprecht <ruprecht@google.com>
Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com>
Cc: Cannon Matthews <cannonmatthews@google.com>
Cc: "Dr . David Alan Gilbert" <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Mina Almasry <almasrymina@google.com>
Cc: Oliver Upton <oupton@google.com>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill@shutemov.name>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
New feature:
The "func-no-repeats" option in tracefs/options directory. When set
the function tracer will detect if the current function being traced
is the same as the previous one, and instead of recording it, it will
keep track of the number of times that the function is repeated in a row.
And when another function is recorded, it will write a new event that
shows the function that repeated, the number of times it repeated and
the time stamp of when the last repeated function occurred.
Enhancements:
In order to implement the above "func-no-repeats" option, the ring
buffer timestamp can now give the accurate timestamp of the event
as it is being recorded, instead of having to record an absolute
timestamp for all events. This helps the histogram code which no longer
needs to waste ring buffer space.
New validation logic to make sure all trace events that access
dereferenced pointers do so in a safe way, and will warn otherwise.
Fixes:
No longer limit the PIDs of tasks that are recorded for "saved_cmdlines"
to PID_MAX_DEFAULT (32768), as systemd now allows for a much larger
range. This caused the mapping of PIDs to the task names to be dropped
for all tasks with a PID greater than 32768.
Change trace_clock_global() to never block. This caused a deadlock.
Clean ups:
Typos, prototype fixes, and removing of duplicate or unused code.
Better management of ftrace_page allocations.
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Merge tag 'trace-v5.13' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-trace
Pull tracing updates from Steven Rostedt:
"New feature:
- A new "func-no-repeats" option in tracefs/options directory.
When set the function tracer will detect if the current function
being traced is the same as the previous one, and instead of
recording it, it will keep track of the number of times that the
function is repeated in a row. And when another function is
recorded, it will write a new event that shows the function that
repeated, the number of times it repeated and the time stamp of
when the last repeated function occurred.
Enhancements:
- In order to implement the above "func-no-repeats" option, the ring
buffer timestamp can now give the accurate timestamp of the event
as it is being recorded, instead of having to record an absolute
timestamp for all events. This helps the histogram code which no
longer needs to waste ring buffer space.
- New validation logic to make sure all trace events that access
dereferenced pointers do so in a safe way, and will warn otherwise.
Fixes:
- No longer limit the PIDs of tasks that are recorded for
"saved_cmdlines" to PID_MAX_DEFAULT (32768), as systemd now allows
for a much larger range. This caused the mapping of PIDs to the
task names to be dropped for all tasks with a PID greater than
32768.
- Change trace_clock_global() to never block. This caused a deadlock.
Clean ups:
- Typos, prototype fixes, and removing of duplicate or unused code.
- Better management of ftrace_page allocations"
* tag 'trace-v5.13' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-trace: (32 commits)
tracing: Restructure trace_clock_global() to never block
tracing: Map all PIDs to command lines
ftrace: Reuse the output of the function tracer for func_repeats
tracing: Add "func_no_repeats" option for function tracing
tracing: Unify the logic for function tracing options
tracing: Add method for recording "func_repeats" events
tracing: Add "last_func_repeats" to struct trace_array
tracing: Define new ftrace event "func_repeats"
tracing: Define static void trace_print_time()
ftrace: Simplify the calculation of page number for ftrace_page->records some more
ftrace: Store the order of pages allocated in ftrace_page
tracing: Remove unused argument from "ring_buffer_time_stamp()
tracing: Remove duplicate struct declaration in trace_events.h
tracing: Update create_system_filter() kernel-doc comment
tracing: A minor cleanup for create_system_filter()
kernel: trace: Mundane typo fixes in the file trace_events_filter.c
tracing: Fix various typos in comments
scripts/recordmcount.pl: Make vim and emacs indent the same
scripts/recordmcount.pl: Make indent spacing consistent
tracing: Add a verifier to check string pointers for trace events
...
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Merge tag 'integrity-v5.13' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/zohar/linux-integrity
Pull IMA updates from Mimi Zohar:
"In addition to loading the kernel module signing key onto the builtin
keyring, load it onto the IMA keyring as well.
Also six trivial changes and bug fixes"
* tag 'integrity-v5.13' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/zohar/linux-integrity:
ima: ensure IMA_APPRAISE_MODSIG has necessary dependencies
ima: Fix fall-through warnings for Clang
integrity: Add declarations to init_once void arguments.
ima: Fix function name error in comment.
ima: enable loading of build time generated key on .ima keyring
ima: enable signing of modules with build time generated key
keys: cleanup build time module signing keys
ima: Fix the error code for restoring the PCR value
ima: without an IMA policy loaded, return quickly
mem_init_print_info() is called in mem_init() on each architecture, and
pass NULL argument, so using void argument and move it into mm_init().
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210317015210.33641-1-wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Kefeng Wang <wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com>
Acked-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com> [x86]
Reviewed-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@c-s.fr> [powerpc]
Acked-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Anatoly Pugachev <matorola@gmail.com> [sparc64]
Acked-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@armlinux.org.uk> [arm]
Acked-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Cc: Guo Ren <guoren@kernel.org>
Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.osdn.me>
Cc: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@kernel.org>
Cc: Jonas Bonn <jonas@southpole.se>
Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: "Peter Zijlstra" <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This changes the awkward approach where architectures provide init
functions to determine which levels they can provide large mappings for,
to one where the arch is queried for each call.
This removes code and indirection, and allows constant-folding of dead
code for unsupported levels.
This also adds a prot argument to the arch query. This is unused
currently but could help with some architectures (e.g., some powerpc
processors can't map uncacheable memory with large pages).
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210317062402.533919-7-npiggin@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Ding Tianhong <dingtianhong@huawei.com>
Acked-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> [arm64]
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Miaohe Lin <linmiaohe@huawei.com>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk>
Cc: Uladzislau Rezki (Sony) <urezki@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
- Change 'option defconfig' to the environment variable
KCONFIG_DEFCONFIG_LIST
- Refactor tinyconfig without using allnoconfig_y
- Remove 'option allnoconfig_y' syntax
- Change 'option modules' to 'modules'
- Do not use /boot/config-* etc. as base config for cross-compilation
- Fix a search bug in nconf
- Various code cleanups
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Merge tag 'kconfig-v5.13' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild
Pull Kconfig updates from Masahiro Yamada:
- Change 'option defconfig' to the environment variable
KCONFIG_DEFCONFIG_LIST
- Refactor tinyconfig without using allnoconfig_y
- Remove 'option allnoconfig_y' syntax
- Change 'option modules' to 'modules'
- Do not use /boot/config-* etc. as base config for cross-compilation
- Fix a search bug in nconf
- Various code cleanups
* tag 'kconfig-v5.13' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild: (34 commits)
kconfig: refactor .gitignore
kconfig: highlight xconfig 'comment' lines with '***'
kconfig: highlight gconfig 'comment' lines with '***'
kconfig: gconf: remove unused code
kconfig: remove unused PACKAGE definition
kconfig: nconf: stop endless search loops
kconfig: split menu.c out of parser.y
kconfig: nconf: refactor in print_in_middle()
kconfig: nconf: remove meaningless wattrset() call from show_menu()
kconfig: nconf: change set_config_filename() to void function
kconfig: nconf: refactor attributes setup code
kconfig: nconf: remove unneeded default for menu prompt
kconfig: nconf: get rid of (void) casts from wattrset() calls
kconfig: nconf: fix NORMAL attributes
kconfig: mconf,nconf: remove unneeded '\0' termination after snprintf()
kconfig: use /boot/config-* etc. as DEFCONFIG_LIST only for native build
kconfig: change sym_change_count to a boolean flag
kconfig: nconf: fix core dump when searching in empty menu
kconfig: lxdialog: A spello fix and a punctuation added
kconfig: streamline_config.pl: Couple of typo fixes
...
- Evaluate $(call cc-option,...) etc. only for build targets
- Add CONFIG_VMLINUX_MAP to generate .map file when linking vmlinux
- Remove unnecessary --gcc-toolchains Clang flag because the --prefix
flag finds the toolchains
- Do not pass Clang's --prefix flag when using the integrated as
- Check the assembler version in Kconfig time
- Add new CONFIG options, AS_VERSION, AS_IS_GNU, AS_IS_LLVM to clean up
some dependencies in Kconfig
- Fix invalid Module.symvers creation when building only modules without
vmlinux
- Fix false-positive modpost warnings when CONFIG_TRIM_UNUSED_KSYMS is
set, but there is no module to build
- Refactor module installation Makefile
- Support zstd for module compression
- Convert alpha and ia64 to use generic shell scripts to generate the
syscall headers
- Add a new elfnote to indicate if the kernel was built with LTO, which
will be used by pahole
- Flatten the directory structure under include/config/ so CONFIG options
and filenames match
- Change the deb source package name from linux-$(KERNELRELEASE) to
linux-upstream
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Merge tag 'kbuild-v5.13' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild
Pull Kbuild updates from Masahiro Yamada:
- Evaluate $(call cc-option,...) etc. only for build targets
- Add CONFIG_VMLINUX_MAP to generate .map file when linking vmlinux
- Remove unnecessary --gcc-toolchains Clang flag because the --prefix
flag finds the toolchains
- Do not pass Clang's --prefix flag when using the integrated as
- Check the assembler version in Kconfig time
- Add new CONFIG options, AS_VERSION, AS_IS_GNU, AS_IS_LLVM to clean up
some dependencies in Kconfig
- Fix invalid Module.symvers creation when building only modules
without vmlinux
- Fix false-positive modpost warnings when CONFIG_TRIM_UNUSED_KSYMS is
set, but there is no module to build
- Refactor module installation Makefile
- Support zstd for module compression
- Convert alpha and ia64 to use generic shell scripts to generate the
syscall headers
- Add a new elfnote to indicate if the kernel was built with LTO, which
will be used by pahole
- Flatten the directory structure under include/config/ so CONFIG
options and filenames match
- Change the deb source package name from linux-$(KERNELRELEASE) to
linux-upstream
* tag 'kbuild-v5.13' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild: (42 commits)
kbuild: Add $(KBUILD_HOSTLDFLAGS) to 'has_libelf' test
kbuild: deb-pkg: change the source package name to linux-upstream
tools: do not include scripts/Kbuild.include
kbuild: redo fake deps at include/config/*.h
kbuild: remove TMPO from try-run
MAINTAINERS: add pattern for dummy-tools
kbuild: add an elfnote for whether vmlinux is built with lto
ia64: syscalls: switch to generic syscallhdr.sh
ia64: syscalls: switch to generic syscalltbl.sh
alpha: syscalls: switch to generic syscallhdr.sh
alpha: syscalls: switch to generic syscalltbl.sh
sysctl: use min() helper for namecmp()
kbuild: add support for zstd compressed modules
kbuild: remove CONFIG_MODULE_COMPRESS
kbuild: merge scripts/Makefile.modsign to scripts/Makefile.modinst
kbuild: move module strip/compression code into scripts/Makefile.modinst
kbuild: refactor scripts/Makefile.modinst
kbuild: rename extmod-prefix to extmod_prefix
kbuild: check module name conflict for external modules as well
kbuild: show the target directory for depmod log
...
Core:
- bpf:
- allow bpf programs calling kernel functions (initially to
reuse TCP congestion control implementations)
- enable task local storage for tracing programs - remove the
need to store per-task state in hash maps, and allow tracing
programs access to task local storage previously added for
BPF_LSM
- add bpf_for_each_map_elem() helper, allowing programs to
walk all map elements in a more robust and easier to verify
fashion
- sockmap: support UDP and cross-protocol BPF_SK_SKB_VERDICT
redirection
- lpm: add support for batched ops in LPM trie
- add BTF_KIND_FLOAT support - mostly to allow use of BTF
on s390 which has floats in its headers files
- improve BPF syscall documentation and extend the use of kdoc
parsing scripts we already employ for bpf-helpers
- libbpf, bpftool: support static linking of BPF ELF files
- improve support for encapsulation of L2 packets
- xdp: restructure redirect actions to avoid a runtime lookup,
improving performance by 4-8% in microbenchmarks
- xsk: build skb by page (aka generic zerocopy xmit) - improve
performance of software AF_XDP path by 33% for devices
which don't need headers in the linear skb part (e.g. virtio)
- nexthop: resilient next-hop groups - improve path stability
on next-hops group changes (incl. offload for mlxsw)
- ipv6: segment routing: add support for IPv4 decapsulation
- icmp: add support for RFC 8335 extended PROBE messages
- inet: use bigger hash table for IP ID generation
- tcp: deal better with delayed TX completions - make sure we don't
give up on fast TCP retransmissions only because driver is
slow in reporting that it completed transmitting the original
- tcp: reorder tcp_congestion_ops for better cache locality
- mptcp:
- add sockopt support for common TCP options
- add support for common TCP msg flags
- include multiple address ids in RM_ADDR
- add reset option support for resetting one subflow
- udp: GRO L4 improvements - improve 'forward' / 'frag_list'
co-existence with UDP tunnel GRO, allowing the first to take
place correctly even for encapsulated UDP traffic
- micro-optimize dev_gro_receive() and flow dissection, avoid
retpoline overhead on VLAN and TEB GRO
- use less memory for sysctls, add a new sysctl type, to allow using
u8 instead of "int" and "long" and shrink networking sysctls
- veth: allow GRO without XDP - this allows aggregating UDP
packets before handing them off to routing, bridge, OvS, etc.
- allow specifing ifindex when device is moved to another namespace
- netfilter:
- nft_socket: add support for cgroupsv2
- nftables: add catch-all set element - special element used
to define a default action in case normal lookup missed
- use net_generic infra in many modules to avoid allocating
per-ns memory unnecessarily
- xps: improve the xps handling to avoid potential out-of-bound
accesses and use-after-free when XPS change race with other
re-configuration under traffic
- add a config knob to turn off per-cpu netdev refcnt to catch
underflows in testing
Device APIs:
- add WWAN subsystem to organize the WWAN interfaces better and
hopefully start driving towards more unified and vendor-
-independent APIs
- ethtool:
- add interface for reading IEEE MIB stats (incl. mlx5 and
bnxt support)
- allow network drivers to dump arbitrary SFP EEPROM data,
current offset+length API was a poor fit for modern SFP
which define EEPROM in terms of pages (incl. mlx5 support)
- act_police, flow_offload: add support for packet-per-second
policing (incl. offload for nfp)
- psample: add additional metadata attributes like transit delay
for packets sampled from switch HW (and corresponding egress
and policy-based sampling in the mlxsw driver)
- dsa: improve support for sandwiched LAGs with bridge and DSA
- netfilter:
- flowtable: use direct xmit in topologies with IP
forwarding, bridging, vlans etc.
- nftables: counter hardware offload support
- Bluetooth:
- improvements for firmware download w/ Intel devices
- add support for reading AOSP vendor capabilities
- add support for virtio transport driver
- mac80211:
- allow concurrent monitor iface and ethernet rx decap
- set priority and queue mapping for injected frames
- phy: add support for Clause-45 PHY Loopback
- pci/iov: add sysfs MSI-X vector assignment interface
to distribute MSI-X resources to VFs (incl. mlx5 support)
New hardware/drivers:
- dsa: mv88e6xxx: add support for Marvell mv88e6393x -
11-port Ethernet switch with 8x 1-Gigabit Ethernet
and 3x 10-Gigabit interfaces.
- dsa: support for legacy Broadcom tags used on BCM5325, BCM5365
and BCM63xx switches
- Microchip KSZ8863 and KSZ8873; 3x 10/100Mbps Ethernet switches
- ath11k: support for QCN9074 a 802.11ax device
- Bluetooth: Broadcom BCM4330 and BMC4334
- phy: Marvell 88X2222 transceiver support
- mdio: add BCM6368 MDIO mux bus controller
- r8152: support RTL8153 and RTL8156 (USB Ethernet) chips
- mana: driver for Microsoft Azure Network Adapter (MANA)
- Actions Semi Owl Ethernet MAC
- can: driver for ETAS ES58X CAN/USB interfaces
Pure driver changes:
- add XDP support to: enetc, igc, stmmac
- add AF_XDP support to: stmmac
- virtio:
- page_to_skb() use build_skb when there's sufficient tailroom
(21% improvement for 1000B UDP frames)
- support XDP even without dedicated Tx queues - share the Tx
queues with the stack when necessary
- mlx5:
- flow rules: add support for mirroring with conntrack,
matching on ICMP, GTP, flex filters and more
- support packet sampling with flow offloads
- persist uplink representor netdev across eswitch mode
changes
- allow coexistence of CQE compression and HW time-stamping
- add ethtool extended link error state reporting
- ice, iavf: support flow filters, UDP Segmentation Offload
- dpaa2-switch:
- move the driver out of staging
- add spanning tree (STP) support
- add rx copybreak support
- add tc flower hardware offload on ingress traffic
- ionic:
- implement Rx page reuse
- support HW PTP time-stamping
- octeon: support TC hardware offloads - flower matching on ingress
and egress ratelimitting.
- stmmac:
- add RX frame steering based on VLAN priority in tc flower
- support frame preemption (FPE)
- intel: add cross time-stamping freq difference adjustment
- ocelot:
- support forwarding of MRP frames in HW
- support multiple bridges
- support PTP Sync one-step timestamping
- dsa: mv88e6xxx, dpaa2-switch: offload bridge port flags like
learning, flooding etc.
- ipa: add IPA v4.5, v4.9 and v4.11 support (Qualcomm SDX55, SM8350,
SC7280 SoCs)
- mt7601u: enable TDLS support
- mt76:
- add support for 802.3 rx frames (mt7915/mt7615)
- mt7915 flash pre-calibration support
- mt7921/mt7663 runtime power management fixes
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
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Merge tag 'net-next-5.13' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net-next
Pull networking updates from Jakub Kicinski:
"Core:
- bpf:
- allow bpf programs calling kernel functions (initially to
reuse TCP congestion control implementations)
- enable task local storage for tracing programs - remove the
need to store per-task state in hash maps, and allow tracing
programs access to task local storage previously added for
BPF_LSM
- add bpf_for_each_map_elem() helper, allowing programs to walk
all map elements in a more robust and easier to verify fashion
- sockmap: support UDP and cross-protocol BPF_SK_SKB_VERDICT
redirection
- lpm: add support for batched ops in LPM trie
- add BTF_KIND_FLOAT support - mostly to allow use of BTF on
s390 which has floats in its headers files
- improve BPF syscall documentation and extend the use of kdoc
parsing scripts we already employ for bpf-helpers
- libbpf, bpftool: support static linking of BPF ELF files
- improve support for encapsulation of L2 packets
- xdp: restructure redirect actions to avoid a runtime lookup,
improving performance by 4-8% in microbenchmarks
- xsk: build skb by page (aka generic zerocopy xmit) - improve
performance of software AF_XDP path by 33% for devices which don't
need headers in the linear skb part (e.g. virtio)
- nexthop: resilient next-hop groups - improve path stability on
next-hops group changes (incl. offload for mlxsw)
- ipv6: segment routing: add support for IPv4 decapsulation
- icmp: add support for RFC 8335 extended PROBE messages
- inet: use bigger hash table for IP ID generation
- tcp: deal better with delayed TX completions - make sure we don't
give up on fast TCP retransmissions only because driver is slow in
reporting that it completed transmitting the original
- tcp: reorder tcp_congestion_ops for better cache locality
- mptcp:
- add sockopt support for common TCP options
- add support for common TCP msg flags
- include multiple address ids in RM_ADDR
- add reset option support for resetting one subflow
- udp: GRO L4 improvements - improve 'forward' / 'frag_list'
co-existence with UDP tunnel GRO, allowing the first to take place
correctly even for encapsulated UDP traffic
- micro-optimize dev_gro_receive() and flow dissection, avoid
retpoline overhead on VLAN and TEB GRO
- use less memory for sysctls, add a new sysctl type, to allow using
u8 instead of "int" and "long" and shrink networking sysctls
- veth: allow GRO without XDP - this allows aggregating UDP packets
before handing them off to routing, bridge, OvS, etc.
- allow specifing ifindex when device is moved to another namespace
- netfilter:
- nft_socket: add support for cgroupsv2
- nftables: add catch-all set element - special element used to
define a default action in case normal lookup missed
- use net_generic infra in many modules to avoid allocating
per-ns memory unnecessarily
- xps: improve the xps handling to avoid potential out-of-bound
accesses and use-after-free when XPS change race with other
re-configuration under traffic
- add a config knob to turn off per-cpu netdev refcnt to catch
underflows in testing
Device APIs:
- add WWAN subsystem to organize the WWAN interfaces better and
hopefully start driving towards more unified and vendor-
independent APIs
- ethtool:
- add interface for reading IEEE MIB stats (incl. mlx5 and bnxt
support)
- allow network drivers to dump arbitrary SFP EEPROM data,
current offset+length API was a poor fit for modern SFP which
define EEPROM in terms of pages (incl. mlx5 support)
- act_police, flow_offload: add support for packet-per-second
policing (incl. offload for nfp)
- psample: add additional metadata attributes like transit delay for
packets sampled from switch HW (and corresponding egress and
policy-based sampling in the mlxsw driver)
- dsa: improve support for sandwiched LAGs with bridge and DSA
- netfilter:
- flowtable: use direct xmit in topologies with IP forwarding,
bridging, vlans etc.
- nftables: counter hardware offload support
- Bluetooth:
- improvements for firmware download w/ Intel devices
- add support for reading AOSP vendor capabilities
- add support for virtio transport driver
- mac80211:
- allow concurrent monitor iface and ethernet rx decap
- set priority and queue mapping for injected frames
- phy: add support for Clause-45 PHY Loopback
- pci/iov: add sysfs MSI-X vector assignment interface to distribute
MSI-X resources to VFs (incl. mlx5 support)
New hardware/drivers:
- dsa: mv88e6xxx: add support for Marvell mv88e6393x - 11-port
Ethernet switch with 8x 1-Gigabit Ethernet and 3x 10-Gigabit
interfaces.
- dsa: support for legacy Broadcom tags used on BCM5325, BCM5365 and
BCM63xx switches
- Microchip KSZ8863 and KSZ8873; 3x 10/100Mbps Ethernet switches
- ath11k: support for QCN9074 a 802.11ax device
- Bluetooth: Broadcom BCM4330 and BMC4334
- phy: Marvell 88X2222 transceiver support
- mdio: add BCM6368 MDIO mux bus controller
- r8152: support RTL8153 and RTL8156 (USB Ethernet) chips
- mana: driver for Microsoft Azure Network Adapter (MANA)
- Actions Semi Owl Ethernet MAC
- can: driver for ETAS ES58X CAN/USB interfaces
Pure driver changes:
- add XDP support to: enetc, igc, stmmac
- add AF_XDP support to: stmmac
- virtio:
- page_to_skb() use build_skb when there's sufficient tailroom
(21% improvement for 1000B UDP frames)
- support XDP even without dedicated Tx queues - share the Tx
queues with the stack when necessary
- mlx5:
- flow rules: add support for mirroring with conntrack, matching
on ICMP, GTP, flex filters and more
- support packet sampling with flow offloads
- persist uplink representor netdev across eswitch mode changes
- allow coexistence of CQE compression and HW time-stamping
- add ethtool extended link error state reporting
- ice, iavf: support flow filters, UDP Segmentation Offload
- dpaa2-switch:
- move the driver out of staging
- add spanning tree (STP) support
- add rx copybreak support
- add tc flower hardware offload on ingress traffic
- ionic:
- implement Rx page reuse
- support HW PTP time-stamping
- octeon: support TC hardware offloads - flower matching on ingress
and egress ratelimitting.
- stmmac:
- add RX frame steering based on VLAN priority in tc flower
- support frame preemption (FPE)
- intel: add cross time-stamping freq difference adjustment
- ocelot:
- support forwarding of MRP frames in HW
- support multiple bridges
- support PTP Sync one-step timestamping
- dsa: mv88e6xxx, dpaa2-switch: offload bridge port flags like
learning, flooding etc.
- ipa: add IPA v4.5, v4.9 and v4.11 support (Qualcomm SDX55, SM8350,
SC7280 SoCs)
- mt7601u: enable TDLS support
- mt76:
- add support for 802.3 rx frames (mt7915/mt7615)
- mt7915 flash pre-calibration support
- mt7921/mt7663 runtime power management fixes"
* tag 'net-next-5.13' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net-next: (2451 commits)
net: selftest: fix build issue if INET is disabled
net: netrom: nr_in: Remove redundant assignment to ns
net: tun: Remove redundant assignment to ret
net: phy: marvell: add downshift support for M88E1240
net: dsa: ksz: Make reg_mib_cnt a u8 as it never exceeds 255
net/sched: act_ct: Remove redundant ct get and check
icmp: standardize naming of RFC 8335 PROBE constants
bpf, selftests: Update array map tests for per-cpu batched ops
bpf: Add batched ops support for percpu array
bpf: Implement formatted output helpers with bstr_printf
seq_file: Add a seq_bprintf function
sfc: adjust efx->xdp_tx_queue_count with the real number of initialized queues
net:nfc:digital: Fix a double free in digital_tg_recv_dep_req
net: fix a concurrency bug in l2tp_tunnel_register()
net/smc: Remove redundant assignment to rc
mpls: Remove redundant assignment to err
llc2: Remove redundant assignment to rc
net/tls: Remove redundant initialization of record
rds: Remove redundant assignment to nr_sig
dt-bindings: net: mdio-gpio: add compatible for microchip,mdio-smi0
...
Pull cgroup changes from Tejun Heo:
"The only notable change is Vipin's new misc cgroup controller.
This implements generic support for resources which can be controlled
by simply counting and limiting the number of resource instances - ie
there's X number of these on the system and this cgroup subtree can
have upto Y of those.
The first user is the address space IDs used for virtual machine
memory encryption and expected future usages are similar - niche
hardware features with concrete resource limits and simple usage
models"
* 'for-5.13' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/cgroup:
cgroup: use tsk->in_iowait instead of delayacct_is_task_waiting_on_io()
cgroup/cpuset: fix typos in comments
cgroup: misc: mark dummy misc_cg_res_total_usage() static inline
svm/sev: Register SEV and SEV-ES ASIDs to the misc controller
cgroup: Miscellaneous cgroup documentation.
cgroup: Add misc cgroup controller
BPF has three formatted output helpers: bpf_trace_printk, bpf_seq_printf
and bpf_snprintf. Their signatures specify that all arguments are
provided from the BPF world as u64s (in an array or as registers). All
of these helpers are currently implemented by calling functions such as
snprintf() whose signatures take a variable number of arguments, then
placed in a va_list by the compiler to call vsnprintf().
"d9c9e4db bpf: Factorize bpf_trace_printk and bpf_seq_printf" introduced
a bpf_printf_prepare function that fills an array of u64 sanitized
arguments with an array of "modifiers" which indicate what the "real"
size of each argument should be (given by the format specifier). The
BPF_CAST_FMT_ARG macro consumes these arrays and casts each argument to
its real size. However, the C promotion rules implicitely cast them all
back to u64s. Therefore, the arguments given to snprintf are u64s and
the va_list constructed by the compiler will use 64 bits for each
argument. On 64 bit machines, this happens to work well because 32 bit
arguments in va_lists need to occupy 64 bits anyway, but on 32 bit
architectures this breaks the layout of the va_list expected by the
called function and mangles values.
In "88a5c690b6 bpf: fix bpf_trace_printk on 32 bit archs", this problem
had been solved for bpf_trace_printk only with a "horrid workaround"
that emitted multiple calls to trace_printk where each call had
different argument types and generated different va_list layouts. One of
the call would be dynamically chosen at runtime. This was ok with the 3
arguments that bpf_trace_printk takes but bpf_seq_printf and
bpf_snprintf accept up to 12 arguments. Because this approach scales
code exponentially, it is not a viable option anymore.
Because the promotion rules are part of the language and because the
construction of a va_list is an arch-specific ABI, it's best to just
avoid variadic arguments and va_lists altogether. Thankfully the
kernel's snprintf() has an alternative in the form of bstr_printf() that
accepts arguments in a "binary buffer representation". These binary
buffers are currently created by vbin_printf and used in the tracing
subsystem to split the cost of printing into two parts: a fast one that
only dereferences and remembers values, and a slower one, called later,
that does the pretty-printing.
This patch refactors bpf_printf_prepare to construct binary buffers of
arguments consumable by bstr_printf() instead of arrays of arguments and
modifiers. This gets rid of BPF_CAST_FMT_ARG and greatly simplifies the
bpf_printf_prepare usage but there are a few gotchas that change how
bpf_printf_prepare needs to do things.
Currently, bpf_printf_prepare uses a per cpu temporary buffer as a
generic storage for strings and IP addresses. With this refactoring, the
temporary buffers now holds all the arguments in a structured binary
format.
To comply with the format expected by bstr_printf, certain format
specifiers also need to be pre-formatted: %pB and %pi6/%pi4/%pI4/%pI6.
Because vsnprintf subroutines for these specifiers are hard to expose,
we pre-format these arguments with calls to snprintf().
Reported-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Signed-off-by: Florent Revest <revest@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210427174313.860948-3-revest@chromium.org
- Clean up list_sort prototypes (Sami Tolvanen)
- Introduce CONFIG_CFI_CLANG for arm64 (Sami Tolvanen)
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Merge tag 'cfi-v5.13-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kees/linux
Pull CFI on arm64 support from Kees Cook:
"This builds on last cycle's LTO work, and allows the arm64 kernels to
be built with Clang's Control Flow Integrity feature. This feature has
happily lived in Android kernels for almost 3 years[1], so I'm excited
to have it ready for upstream.
The wide diffstat is mainly due to the treewide fixing of mismatched
list_sort prototypes. Other things in core kernel are to address
various CFI corner cases. The largest code portion is the CFI runtime
implementation itself (which will be shared by all architectures
implementing support for CFI). The arm64 pieces are Acked by arm64
maintainers rather than coming through the arm64 tree since carrying
this tree over there was going to be awkward.
CFI support for x86 is still under development, but is pretty close.
There are a handful of corner cases on x86 that need some improvements
to Clang and objtool, but otherwise works well.
Summary:
- Clean up list_sort prototypes (Sami Tolvanen)
- Introduce CONFIG_CFI_CLANG for arm64 (Sami Tolvanen)"
* tag 'cfi-v5.13-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kees/linux:
arm64: allow CONFIG_CFI_CLANG to be selected
KVM: arm64: Disable CFI for nVHE
arm64: ftrace: use function_nocfi for ftrace_call
arm64: add __nocfi to __apply_alternatives
arm64: add __nocfi to functions that jump to a physical address
arm64: use function_nocfi with __pa_symbol
arm64: implement function_nocfi
psci: use function_nocfi for cpu_resume
lkdtm: use function_nocfi
treewide: Change list_sort to use const pointers
bpf: disable CFI in dispatcher functions
kallsyms: strip ThinLTO hashes from static functions
kthread: use WARN_ON_FUNCTION_MISMATCH
workqueue: use WARN_ON_FUNCTION_MISMATCH
module: ensure __cfi_check alignment
mm: add generic function_nocfi macro
cfi: add __cficanonical
add support for Clang CFI
Currently, clang LTO built vmlinux won't work with pahole.
LTO introduced cross-cu dwarf tag references and broke
current pahole model which handles one cu as a time.
The solution is to merge all cu's as one pahole cu as in [1].
We would like to do this merging only if cross-cu dwarf
references happens. The LTO build mode is a pretty good
indication for that.
In earlier version of this patch ([2]), clang flag
-grecord-gcc-switches is proposed to add to compilation flags
so pahole could detect "-flto" and then merging cu's.
This will increate the binary size of 1% without LTO though.
Arnaldo suggested to use a note to indicate the vmlinux
is built with LTO. Such a cheap way to get whether the vmlinux
is built with LTO or not helps pahole but is also useful
for tracing as LTO may inline/delete/demote global functions,
promote static functions, etc.
So this patch added an elfnote with a new type LINUX_ELFNOTE_LTO_INFO.
The owner of the note is "Linux".
With gcc 8.4.1 and clang trunk, without LTO, I got
$ readelf -n vmlinux
Displaying notes found in: .notes
Owner Data size Description
...
Linux 0x00000004 func
description data: 00 00 00 00
...
With "readelf -x ".notes" vmlinux", I can verify the above "func"
with type code 0x101.
With clang thin-LTO, I got the same as above except the following:
description data: 01 00 00 00
which indicates the vmlinux is built with LTO.
[1] https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210325065316.3121287-1-yhs@fb.com/
[2] https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210331001623.2778934-1-yhs@fb.com/
Suggested-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <arnaldo.melo@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Reviewed-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Tested-by: Sedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@gmail.com> # LLVM/Clang v12.0.0-rc4 (x86-64)
Tested-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
kmod 28 supports modules compressed in zstd format so let's add this
possibility to kernel.
Signed-off-by: Piotr Gorski <lucjan.lucjanov@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Oleksandr Natalenko <oleksandr@natalenko.name>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
CONFIG_MODULE_COMPRESS is only used to activate the choice for module
compression algorithm. It will be simpler to make the choice always
visible, and add CONFIG_MODULE_COMPRESS_NONE in the choice.
This is more consistent with the "Kernel compression mode" and "Built-in
initramfs compression mode" choices. CONFIG_KERNEL_UNCOMPRESSED and
CONFIG_INITRAMFS_COMPRESSION_NONE are available to choose no compression.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Documentation/process/changes.rst defines the minimum assembler version
(binutils version), but we have never checked it in the build time.
Kbuild never invokes 'as' directly because all assembly files in the
kernel tree are *.S, hence must be preprocessed. I do not expect
raw assembly source files (*.s) would be added to the kernel tree.
Therefore, we always use $(CC) as the assembler driver, and commit
aa824e0c96 ("kbuild: remove AS variable") removed 'AS'. However,
we are still interested in the version of the assembler acting behind.
As usual, the --version option prints the version string.
$ as --version | head -n 1
GNU assembler (GNU Binutils for Ubuntu) 2.35.1
But, we do not have $(AS). So, we can add the -Wa prefix so that
$(CC) passes --version down to the backing assembler.
$ gcc -Wa,--version | head -n 1
gcc: fatal error: no input files
compilation terminated.
OK, we need to input something to satisfy gcc.
$ gcc -Wa,--version -c -x assembler /dev/null -o /dev/null | head -n 1
GNU assembler (GNU Binutils for Ubuntu) 2.35.1
The combination of Clang and GNU assembler works in the same way:
$ clang -no-integrated-as -Wa,--version -c -x assembler /dev/null -o /dev/null | head -n 1
GNU assembler (GNU Binutils for Ubuntu) 2.35.1
Clang with the integrated assembler fails like this:
$ clang -integrated-as -Wa,--version -c -x assembler /dev/null -o /dev/null | head -n 1
clang: error: unsupported argument '--version' to option 'Wa,'
For the last case, checking the error message is fragile. If the
proposal for -Wa,--version support [1] is accepted, this may not be
even an error in the future.
One easy way is to check if -integrated-as is present in the passed
arguments. We did not pass -integrated-as to CLANG_FLAGS before, but
we can make it explicit.
Nathan pointed out -integrated-as is the default for all of the
architectures/targets that the kernel cares about, but it goes
along with "explicit is better than implicit" policy. [2]
With all this in my mind, I implemented scripts/as-version.sh to
check the assembler version in Kconfig time.
$ scripts/as-version.sh gcc
GNU 23501
$ scripts/as-version.sh clang -no-integrated-as
GNU 23501
$ scripts/as-version.sh clang -integrated-as
LLVM 0
[1]: https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/issues/1320
[2]: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-kbuild/20210307044253.v3h47ucq6ng25iay@archlinux-ax161/
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Now "modules" is the only member of the "option" property.
Remove "option", and move "modules" to the top level property.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
allnoconfig_y is an ugly hack that sets a symbol to 'y' by allnoconfig.
allnoconfig does not mean a minimal set of CONFIG options because a
bunch of prompts are hidden by 'if EMBEDDED' or 'if EXPERT', but I do
not like to hack Kconfig this way.
Use the pre-existing feature, KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG, to provide a one
liner config fragment. CONFIG_EMBEDDED=y is still forced when
allnoconfig is invoked as a part of tinyconfig.
No change in the .config file produced by 'make tinyconfig'.
The output of 'make allnoconfig' will be changed; we will get
CONFIG_EMBEDDED=n because allnoconfig literally sets all symbols to n.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
"defconfig_list" is a weird option that defines a static symbol that
declares the list of base config files in case the .config does not
exist yet.
This is quite different from other normal symbols; we just abused the
"string" type and the "default" properties to list out the input files.
They must be fixed values since these are searched for and loaded in
the parse stage.
It is an ugly hack, and should not exist in the first place. Providing
this feature as an environment variable is a saner approach.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
The kernel build process currently only signs kernel modules when
MODULE_SIG is enabled. Also, sign the kernel modules at build time when
IMA_APPRAISE_MODSIG is enabled.
Signed-off-by: Nayna Jain <nayna@linux.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Stefan Berger <stefanb@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Mimi Zohar <zohar@linux.ibm.com>
This change adds support for Clang’s forward-edge Control Flow
Integrity (CFI) checking. With CONFIG_CFI_CLANG, the compiler
injects a runtime check before each indirect function call to ensure
the target is a valid function with the correct static type. This
restricts possible call targets and makes it more difficult for
an attacker to exploit bugs that allow the modification of stored
function pointers. For more details, see:
https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ControlFlowIntegrity.html
Clang requires CONFIG_LTO_CLANG to be enabled with CFI to gain
visibility to possible call targets. Kernel modules are supported
with Clang’s cross-DSO CFI mode, which allows checking between
independently compiled components.
With CFI enabled, the compiler injects a __cfi_check() function into
the kernel and each module for validating local call targets. For
cross-module calls that cannot be validated locally, the compiler
calls the global __cfi_slowpath_diag() function, which determines
the target module and calls the correct __cfi_check() function. This
patch includes a slowpath implementation that uses __module_address()
to resolve call targets, and with CONFIG_CFI_CLANG_SHADOW enabled, a
shadow map that speeds up module look-ups by ~3x.
Clang implements indirect call checking using jump tables and
offers two methods of generating them. With canonical jump tables,
the compiler renames each address-taken function to <function>.cfi
and points the original symbol to a jump table entry, which passes
__cfi_check() validation. This isn’t compatible with stand-alone
assembly code, which the compiler doesn’t instrument, and would
result in indirect calls to assembly code to fail. Therefore, we
default to using non-canonical jump tables instead, where the compiler
generates a local jump table entry <function>.cfi_jt for each
address-taken function, and replaces all references to the function
with the address of the jump table entry.
Note that because non-canonical jump table addresses are local
to each component, they break cross-module function address
equality. Specifically, the address of a global function will be
different in each module, as it's replaced with the address of a local
jump table entry. If this address is passed to a different module,
it won’t match the address of the same function taken there. This
may break code that relies on comparing addresses passed from other
components.
CFI checking can be disabled in a function with the __nocfi attribute.
Additionally, CFI can be disabled for an entire compilation unit by
filtering out CC_FLAGS_CFI.
By default, CFI failures result in a kernel panic to stop a potential
exploit. CONFIG_CFI_PERMISSIVE enables a permissive mode, where the
kernel prints out a rate-limited warning instead, and allows execution
to continue. This option is helpful for locating type mismatches, but
should only be enabled during development.
Signed-off-by: Sami Tolvanen <samitolvanen@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Tested-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210408182843.1754385-2-samitolvanen@google.com
This provides the ability for architectures to enable kernel stack base
address offset randomization. This feature is controlled by the boot
param "randomize_kstack_offset=on/off", with its default value set by
CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_KSTACK_OFFSET_DEFAULT.
This feature is based on the original idea from the last public release
of PaX's RANDKSTACK feature: https://pax.grsecurity.net/docs/randkstack.txt
All the credit for the original idea goes to the PaX team. Note that
the design and implementation of this upstream randomize_kstack_offset
feature differs greatly from the RANDKSTACK feature (see below).
Reasoning for the feature:
This feature aims to make harder the various stack-based attacks that
rely on deterministic stack structure. We have had many such attacks in
past (just to name few):
https://jon.oberheide.org/files/infiltrate12-thestackisback.pdfhttps://jon.oberheide.org/files/stackjacking-infiltrate11.pdfhttps://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2016/06/exploiting-recursion-in-linux-kernel_20.html
As Linux kernel stack protections have been constantly improving
(vmap-based stack allocation with guard pages, removal of thread_info,
STACKLEAK), attackers have had to find new ways for their exploits
to work. They have done so, continuing to rely on the kernel's stack
determinism, in situations where VMAP_STACK and THREAD_INFO_IN_TASK_STRUCT
were not relevant. For example, the following recent attacks would have
been hampered if the stack offset was non-deterministic between syscalls:
https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/bitstream/10216/125357/2/374717.pdf
(page 70: targeting the pt_regs copy with linear stack overflow)
https://a13xp0p0v.github.io/2020/02/15/CVE-2019-18683.html
(leaked stack address from one syscall as a target during next syscall)
The main idea is that since the stack offset is randomized on each system
call, it is harder for an attack to reliably land in any particular place
on the thread stack, even with address exposures, as the stack base will
change on the next syscall. Also, since randomization is performed after
placing pt_regs, the ptrace-based approach[1] to discover the randomized
offset during a long-running syscall should not be possible.
Design description:
During most of the kernel's execution, it runs on the "thread stack",
which is pretty deterministic in its structure: it is fixed in size,
and on every entry from userspace to kernel on a syscall the thread
stack starts construction from an address fetched from the per-cpu
cpu_current_top_of_stack variable. The first element to be pushed to the
thread stack is the pt_regs struct that stores all required CPU registers
and syscall parameters. Finally the specific syscall function is called,
with the stack being used as the kernel executes the resulting request.
The goal of randomize_kstack_offset feature is to add a random offset
after the pt_regs has been pushed to the stack and before the rest of the
thread stack is used during the syscall processing, and to change it every
time a process issues a syscall. The source of randomness is currently
architecture-defined (but x86 is using the low byte of rdtsc()). Future
improvements for different entropy sources is possible, but out of scope
for this patch. Further more, to add more unpredictability, new offsets
are chosen at the end of syscalls (the timing of which should be less
easy to measure from userspace than at syscall entry time), and stored
in a per-CPU variable, so that the life of the value does not stay
explicitly tied to a single task.
As suggested by Andy Lutomirski, the offset is added using alloca()
and an empty asm() statement with an output constraint, since it avoids
changes to assembly syscall entry code, to the unwinder, and provides
correct stack alignment as defined by the compiler.
In order to make this available by default with zero performance impact
for those that don't want it, it is boot-time selectable with static
branches. This way, if the overhead is not wanted, it can just be
left turned off with no performance impact.
The generated assembly for x86_64 with GCC looks like this:
...
ffffffff81003977: 65 8b 05 02 ea 00 7f mov %gs:0x7f00ea02(%rip),%eax
# 12380 <kstack_offset>
ffffffff8100397e: 25 ff 03 00 00 and $0x3ff,%eax
ffffffff81003983: 48 83 c0 0f add $0xf,%rax
ffffffff81003987: 25 f8 07 00 00 and $0x7f8,%eax
ffffffff8100398c: 48 29 c4 sub %rax,%rsp
ffffffff8100398f: 48 8d 44 24 0f lea 0xf(%rsp),%rax
ffffffff81003994: 48 83 e0 f0 and $0xfffffffffffffff0,%rax
...
As a result of the above stack alignment, this patch introduces about
5 bits of randomness after pt_regs is spilled to the thread stack on
x86_64, and 6 bits on x86_32 (since its has 1 fewer bit required for
stack alignment). The amount of entropy could be adjusted based on how
much of the stack space we wish to trade for security.
My measure of syscall performance overhead (on x86_64):
lmbench: /usr/lib/lmbench/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu/lat_syscall -N 10000 null
randomize_kstack_offset=y Simple syscall: 0.7082 microseconds
randomize_kstack_offset=n Simple syscall: 0.7016 microseconds
So, roughly 0.9% overhead growth for a no-op syscall, which is very
manageable. And for people that don't want this, it's off by default.
There are two gotchas with using the alloca() trick. First,
compilers that have Stack Clash protection (-fstack-clash-protection)
enabled by default (e.g. Ubuntu[3]) add pagesize stack probes to
any dynamic stack allocations. While the randomization offset is
always less than a page, the resulting assembly would still contain
(unreachable!) probing routines, bloating the resulting assembly. To
avoid this, -fno-stack-clash-protection is unconditionally added to
the kernel Makefile since this is the only dynamic stack allocation in
the kernel (now that VLAs have been removed) and it is provably safe
from Stack Clash style attacks.
The second gotcha with alloca() is a negative interaction with
-fstack-protector*, in that it sees the alloca() as an array allocation,
which triggers the unconditional addition of the stack canary function
pre/post-amble which slows down syscalls regardless of the static
branch. In order to avoid adding this unneeded check and its associated
performance impact, architectures need to carefully remove uses of
-fstack-protector-strong (or -fstack-protector) in the compilation units
that use the add_random_kstack() macro and to audit the resulting stack
mitigation coverage (to make sure no desired coverage disappears). No
change is visible for this on x86 because the stack protector is already
unconditionally disabled for the compilation unit, but the change is
required on arm64. There is, unfortunately, no attribute that can be
used to disable stack protector for specific functions.
Comparison to PaX RANDKSTACK feature:
The RANDKSTACK feature randomizes the location of the stack start
(cpu_current_top_of_stack), i.e. including the location of pt_regs
structure itself on the stack. Initially this patch followed the same
approach, but during the recent discussions[2], it has been determined
to be of a little value since, if ptrace functionality is available for
an attacker, they can use PTRACE_PEEKUSR/PTRACE_POKEUSR to read/write
different offsets in the pt_regs struct, observe the cache behavior of
the pt_regs accesses, and figure out the random stack offset. Another
difference is that the random offset is stored in a per-cpu variable,
rather than having it be per-thread. As a result, these implementations
differ a fair bit in their implementation details and results, though
obviously the intent is similar.
[1] https://lore.kernel.org/kernel-hardening/2236FBA76BA1254E88B949DDB74E612BA4BC57C1@IRSMSX102.ger.corp.intel.com/
[2] https://lore.kernel.org/kernel-hardening/20190329081358.30497-1-elena.reshetova@intel.com/
[3] https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-devel/2019-June/040741.html
Co-developed-by: Elena Reshetova <elena.reshetova@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Elena Reshetova <elena.reshetova@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210401232347.2791257-4-keescook@chromium.org
The Miscellaneous cgroup provides the resource limiting and tracking
mechanism for the scalar resources which cannot be abstracted like the
other cgroup resources. Controller is enabled by the CONFIG_CGROUP_MISC
config option.
A resource can be added to the controller via enum misc_res_type{} in
the include/linux/misc_cgroup.h file and the corresponding name via
misc_res_name[] in the kernel/cgroup/misc.c file. Provider of the
resource must set its capacity prior to using the resource by calling
misc_cg_set_capacity().
Once a capacity is set then the resource usage can be updated using
charge and uncharge APIs. All of the APIs to interact with misc
controller are in include/linux/misc_cgroup.h.
Miscellaneous controller provides 3 interface files. If two misc
resources (res_a and res_b) are registered then:
misc.capacity
A read-only flat-keyed file shown only in the root cgroup. It shows
miscellaneous scalar resources available on the platform along with
their quantities::
$ cat misc.capacity
res_a 50
res_b 10
misc.current
A read-only flat-keyed file shown in the non-root cgroups. It shows
the current usage of the resources in the cgroup and its children::
$ cat misc.current
res_a 3
res_b 0
misc.max
A read-write flat-keyed file shown in the non root cgroups. Allowed
maximum usage of the resources in the cgroup and its children.::
$ cat misc.max
res_a max
res_b 4
Limit can be set by::
# echo res_a 1 > misc.max
Limit can be set to max by::
# echo res_a max > misc.max
Limits can be set more than the capacity value in the misc.capacity
file.
Signed-off-by: Vipin Sharma <vipinsh@google.com>
Reviewed-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Parameter "cmdline" has no use, drop it.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210311085213.27680-1-jojing64@gmail.com
Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Cao jin <jojing64@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Merge misc fixes from Andrew Morton:
"28 patches.
Subsystems affected by this series: mm (memblock, pagealloc, hugetlb,
highmem, kfence, oom-kill, madvise, kasan, userfaultfd, memcg, and
zram), core-kernel, kconfig, fork, binfmt, MAINTAINERS, kbuild, and
ia64"
* emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (28 commits)
zram: fix broken page writeback
zram: fix return value on writeback_store
mm/memcg: set memcg when splitting page
mm/memcg: rename mem_cgroup_split_huge_fixup to split_page_memcg and add nr_pages argument
ia64: fix ptrace(PTRACE_SYSCALL_INFO_EXIT) sign
ia64: fix ia64_syscall_get_set_arguments() for break-based syscalls
mm/userfaultfd: fix memory corruption due to writeprotect
kasan: fix KASAN_STACK dependency for HW_TAGS
kasan, mm: fix crash with HW_TAGS and DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
mm/madvise: replace ptrace attach requirement for process_madvise
include/linux/sched/mm.h: use rcu_dereference in in_vfork()
kfence: fix reports if constant function prefixes exist
kfence, slab: fix cache_alloc_debugcheck_after() for bulk allocations
kfence: fix printk format for ptrdiff_t
linux/compiler-clang.h: define HAVE_BUILTIN_BSWAP*
MAINTAINERS: exclude uapi directories in API/ABI section
binfmt_misc: fix possible deadlock in bm_register_write
mm/highmem.c: fix zero_user_segments() with start > end
hugetlb: do early cow when page pinned on src mm
mm: use is_cow_mapping() across tree where proper
...
I read the commit log of the following two:
- bc083a64b6 ("init/Kconfig: make COMPILE_TEST depend on !UML")
- 334ef6ed06 ("init/Kconfig: make COMPILE_TEST depend on !S390")
Both are talking about HAS_IOMEM dependency missing in many drivers.
So, 'depends on HAS_IOMEM' seems the direct, sensible solution to me.
This does not change the behavior of UML. UML still cannot enable
COMPILE_TEST because it does not provide HAS_IOMEM.
The current dependency for S390 is too strong. Under the condition of
CONFIG_PCI=y, S390 provides HAS_IOMEM, hence can enable COMPILE_TEST.
I also removed the meaningless 'default n'.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210224140809.1067582-1-masahiroy@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@kernel.org>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: KP Singh <kpsingh@google.com>
Cc: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Cc: Nick Terrell <terrelln@fb.com>
Cc: Quentin Perret <qperret@google.com>
Cc: Valentin Schneider <valentin.schneider@arm.com>
Cc: "Enrico Weigelt, metux IT consult" <lkml@metux.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Linus reported a build error due to the GCC plugin incompatibility
when the compiler is upgraded. [1]
GCC plugins are tied to a particular GCC version. So, they must be
rebuilt when the compiler is upgraded.
This seems to be a long-standing flaw since the initial support of
GCC plugins.
Extend commit 8b59cd81dc ("kbuild: ensure full rebuild when the
compiler is updated"), so that GCC plugins are covered by the
compiler upgrade detection.
[1]: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CAHk-=wieoN5ttOy7SnsGwZv+Fni3R6m-Ut=oxih6bbZ28G+4dw@mail.gmail.com/
Reported-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Alexei Starovoitov says:
====================
pull-request: bpf-next 2021-03-09
The following pull-request contains BPF updates for your *net-next* tree.
We've added 90 non-merge commits during the last 17 day(s) which contain
a total of 114 files changed, 5158 insertions(+), 1288 deletions(-).
The main changes are:
1) Faster bpf_redirect_map(), from Björn.
2) skmsg cleanup, from Cong.
3) Support for floating point types in BTF, from Ilya.
4) Documentation for sys_bpf commands, from Joe.
5) Support for sk_lookup in bpf_prog_test_run, form Lorenz.
6) Enable task local storage for tracing programs, from Song.
7) bpf_for_each_map_elem() helper, from Yonghong.
====================
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Commit fbe078d397 ("kbuild: lto: add a default list of used symbols")
does not work as expected if the .config file has already specified
CONFIG_UNUSED_KSYMS_WHITELIST="my/own/white/list" before enabling
CONFIG_LTO_CLANG.
So, the user-supplied whitelist and LTO-specific white list must be
independent of each other.
I refactored the shell script so CONFIG_MODVERSIONS and CONFIG_CLANG_LTO
handle whitelists in the same way.
Fixes: fbe078d397 ("kbuild: lto: add a default list of used symbols")
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Sedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@gmail.com>
As suggested by John, clean up sockmap related Kconfigs:
Reduce the scope of CONFIG_BPF_STREAM_PARSER down to TCP stream
parser, to reflect its name.
Make the rest sockmap code simply depend on CONFIG_BPF_SYSCALL
and CONFIG_INET, the latter is still needed at this point because
of TCP/UDP proto update. And leave CONFIG_NET_SOCK_MSG untouched,
as it is used by non-sockmap cases.
Signed-off-by: Cong Wang <cong.wang@bytedance.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Lorenz Bauer <lmb@cloudflare.com>
Acked-by: John Fastabend <john.fastabend@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Jakub Sitnicki <jakub@cloudflare.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210223184934.6054-2-xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com
I have a handful of new RISC-V related patches for this merge window:
* A check to ensure drivers are properly using uaccess. This isn't
manifesting with any of the drivers I'm currently using, but may catch
errors in new drivers.
* Some preliminary support for the FU740, along with the HiFive
Unleashed it will appear on.
* NUMA support for RISC-V, which involves making the arm64 code generic.
* Support for kasan on the vmalloc region.
* A handful of new drivers for the Kendryte K210, along with the DT
plumbing required to boot on a handful of K210-based boards.
* Support for allocating ASIDs.
* Preliminary support for kernels larger than 128MiB.
* Various other improvements to our KASAN support, including the
utilization of huge pages when allocating the KASAN regions.
We may have already found a bug with the KASAN_VMALLOC code, but it's
passing my tests. There's a fix in the works, but that will probably
miss the merge window.
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Merge tag 'riscv-for-linus-5.12-mw0' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/riscv/linux
Pull RISC-V updates from Palmer Dabbelt:
"A handful of new RISC-V related patches for this merge window:
- A check to ensure drivers are properly using uaccess. This isn't
manifesting with any of the drivers I'm currently using, but may
catch errors in new drivers.
- Some preliminary support for the FU740, along with the HiFive
Unleashed it will appear on.
- NUMA support for RISC-V, which involves making the arm64 code
generic.
- Support for kasan on the vmalloc region.
- A handful of new drivers for the Kendryte K210, along with the DT
plumbing required to boot on a handful of K210-based boards.
- Support for allocating ASIDs.
- Preliminary support for kernels larger than 128MiB.
- Various other improvements to our KASAN support, including the
utilization of huge pages when allocating the KASAN regions.
We may have already found a bug with the KASAN_VMALLOC code, but it's
passing my tests. There's a fix in the works, but that will probably
miss the merge window.
* tag 'riscv-for-linus-5.12-mw0' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/riscv/linux: (75 commits)
riscv: Improve kasan population by using hugepages when possible
riscv: Improve kasan population function
riscv: Use KASAN_SHADOW_INIT define for kasan memory initialization
riscv: Improve kasan definitions
riscv: Get rid of MAX_EARLY_MAPPING_SIZE
soc: canaan: Sort the Makefile alphabetically
riscv: Disable KSAN_SANITIZE for vDSO
riscv: Remove unnecessary declaration
riscv: Add Canaan Kendryte K210 SD card defconfig
riscv: Update Canaan Kendryte K210 defconfig
riscv: Add Kendryte KD233 board device tree
riscv: Add SiPeed MAIXDUINO board device tree
riscv: Add SiPeed MAIX GO board device tree
riscv: Add SiPeed MAIX DOCK board device tree
riscv: Add SiPeed MAIX BiT board device tree
riscv: Update Canaan Kendryte K210 device tree
dt-bindings: add resets property to dw-apb-timer
dt-bindings: fix sifive gpio properties
dt-bindings: update sifive uart compatible string
dt-bindings: update sifive clint compatible string
...
On systems with large amounts of reserved memory we may fail to
successfully complete unpack_to_rootfs() and be left with:
Kernel panic - not syncing: write error
this is not too helpful to understand what happened, so let's wrap the
panic() calls with a surrounding show_mem() such that we have a chance of
understanding the memory conditions leading to these allocation failures.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: replace macro with C function]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210114231517.1854379-1-f.fainelli@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Florian Fainelli <f.fainelli@gmail.com>
Cc: Barret Rhoden <brho@google.com>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently breakpoints in kernel .init.text section are not handled
correctly while allowing to remove them even after corresponding pages
have been freed.
Fix it via killing .init.text section breakpoints just prior to initmem
pages being freed.
Doug: "HW breakpoints aren't handled by this patch but it's probably
not such a big deal".
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210224081652.587785-1-sumit.garg@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Sumit Garg <sumit.garg@linaro.org>
Suggested-by: Doug Anderson <dianders@chromium.org>
Acked-by: Doug Anderson <dianders@chromium.org>
Acked-by: Daniel Thompson <daniel.thompson@linaro.org>
Tested-by: Daniel Thompson <daniel.thompson@linaro.org>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Jason Wessel <jason.wessel@windriver.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This code hunk creates a Version_<LINUX_VERSION_CODE> symbol if
CONFIG_KALLSYMS is disabled. For example, building the kernel v5.10 for
allnoconfig creates the following symbol:
$ nm vmlinux | grep Version_
c116b028 B Version_330240
There is no in-tree user of this symbol.
Commit 197dcffc8b ("init/version.c: define version_string only if
CONFIG_KALLSYMS is not defined") mentions that Version_* is only used
with ksymoops.
However, a commit in the pre-git era [1] had added the statement,
"ksymoops is useless on 2.6. Please use the Oops in its original format".
That statement existed until commit 4eb9241127 ("Documentation:
admin-guide: update bug-hunting.rst") finally removed the stale
ksymoops information.
This symbol is no longer needed.
[1] https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/history/history.git/commit/?id=ad68b2f085f5c79e4759ca2d13947b3c885ee831
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210120033452.2895170-1-masahiroy@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
Cc: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@kernel.org>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Cc: Daniel Guilak <guilak@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Lee Revell <rlrevell@joe-job.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add a kernel parameter stack_depot_disable to disable stack depot. So
that stack hash table doesn't consume any memory when stack depot is
disabled.
The use case is CONFIG_PAGE_OWNER without page_owner=on. Without this
patch, stackdepot will consume the memory for the hashtable. By default,
it's 8M which is never trivial.
With this option, in CONFIG_PAGE_OWNER configured system, page_owner=off,
stack_depot_disable in kernel command line, we could save the wasted
memory for the hashtable.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix CONFIG_STACKDEPOT=n build]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1611749198-24316-2-git-send-email-vjitta@codeaurora.org
Signed-off-by: Vinayak Menon <vinmenon@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Vijayanand Jitta <vjitta@codeaurora.org>
Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Yogesh Lal <ylal@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Patch series "KFENCE: A low-overhead sampling-based memory safety error detector", v7.
This adds the Kernel Electric-Fence (KFENCE) infrastructure. KFENCE is a
low-overhead sampling-based memory safety error detector of heap
use-after-free, invalid-free, and out-of-bounds access errors. This
series enables KFENCE for the x86 and arm64 architectures, and adds
KFENCE hooks to the SLAB and SLUB allocators.
KFENCE is designed to be enabled in production kernels, and has near
zero performance overhead. Compared to KASAN, KFENCE trades performance
for precision. The main motivation behind KFENCE's design, is that with
enough total uptime KFENCE will detect bugs in code paths not typically
exercised by non-production test workloads. One way to quickly achieve a
large enough total uptime is when the tool is deployed across a large
fleet of machines.
KFENCE objects each reside on a dedicated page, at either the left or
right page boundaries. The pages to the left and right of the object
page are "guard pages", whose attributes are changed to a protected
state, and cause page faults on any attempted access to them. Such page
faults are then intercepted by KFENCE, which handles the fault
gracefully by reporting a memory access error.
Guarded allocations are set up based on a sample interval (can be set
via kfence.sample_interval). After expiration of the sample interval,
the next allocation through the main allocator (SLAB or SLUB) returns a
guarded allocation from the KFENCE object pool. At this point, the timer
is reset, and the next allocation is set up after the expiration of the
interval.
To enable/disable a KFENCE allocation through the main allocator's
fast-path without overhead, KFENCE relies on static branches via the
static keys infrastructure. The static branch is toggled to redirect the
allocation to KFENCE.
The KFENCE memory pool is of fixed size, and if the pool is exhausted no
further KFENCE allocations occur. The default config is conservative
with only 255 objects, resulting in a pool size of 2 MiB (with 4 KiB
pages).
We have verified by running synthetic benchmarks (sysbench I/O,
hackbench) and production server-workload benchmarks that a kernel with
KFENCE (using sample intervals 100-500ms) is performance-neutral
compared to a non-KFENCE baseline kernel.
KFENCE is inspired by GWP-ASan [1], a userspace tool with similar
properties. The name "KFENCE" is a homage to the Electric Fence Malloc
Debugger [2].
For more details, see Documentation/dev-tools/kfence.rst added in the
series -- also viewable here:
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/google/kasan/kfence/Documentation/dev-tools/kfence.rst
[1] http://llvm.org/docs/GwpAsan.html
[2] https://linux.die.net/man/3/efence
This patch (of 9):
This adds the Kernel Electric-Fence (KFENCE) infrastructure. KFENCE is a
low-overhead sampling-based memory safety error detector of heap
use-after-free, invalid-free, and out-of-bounds access errors.
KFENCE is designed to be enabled in production kernels, and has near
zero performance overhead. Compared to KASAN, KFENCE trades performance
for precision. The main motivation behind KFENCE's design, is that with
enough total uptime KFENCE will detect bugs in code paths not typically
exercised by non-production test workloads. One way to quickly achieve a
large enough total uptime is when the tool is deployed across a large
fleet of machines.
KFENCE objects each reside on a dedicated page, at either the left or
right page boundaries. The pages to the left and right of the object
page are "guard pages", whose attributes are changed to a protected
state, and cause page faults on any attempted access to them. Such page
faults are then intercepted by KFENCE, which handles the fault
gracefully by reporting a memory access error. To detect out-of-bounds
writes to memory within the object's page itself, KFENCE also uses
pattern-based redzones. The following figure illustrates the page
layout:
---+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+---
| xxxxxxxxx | O : | xxxxxxxxx | : O | xxxxxxxxx |
| xxxxxxxxx | B : | xxxxxxxxx | : B | xxxxxxxxx |
| x GUARD x | J : RED- | x GUARD x | RED- : J | x GUARD x |
| xxxxxxxxx | E : ZONE | xxxxxxxxx | ZONE : E | xxxxxxxxx |
| xxxxxxxxx | C : | xxxxxxxxx | : C | xxxxxxxxx |
| xxxxxxxxx | T : | xxxxxxxxx | : T | xxxxxxxxx |
---+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+---
Guarded allocations are set up based on a sample interval (can be set
via kfence.sample_interval). After expiration of the sample interval, a
guarded allocation from the KFENCE object pool is returned to the main
allocator (SLAB or SLUB). At this point, the timer is reset, and the
next allocation is set up after the expiration of the interval.
To enable/disable a KFENCE allocation through the main allocator's
fast-path without overhead, KFENCE relies on static branches via the
static keys infrastructure. The static branch is toggled to redirect the
allocation to KFENCE. To date, we have verified by running synthetic
benchmarks (sysbench I/O, hackbench) that a kernel compiled with KFENCE
is performance-neutral compared to the non-KFENCE baseline.
For more details, see Documentation/dev-tools/kfence.rst (added later in
the series).
[elver@google.com: fix parameter description for kfence_object_start()]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20201106092149.GA2851373@elver.google.com
[elver@google.com: avoid stalling work queue task without allocations]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/CADYN=9J0DQhizAGB0-jz4HOBBh+05kMBXb4c0cXMS7Qi5NAJiw@mail.gmail.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20201110135320.3309507-1-elver@google.com
[elver@google.com: fix potential deadlock due to wake_up()]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/000000000000c0645805b7f982e4@google.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210104130749.1768991-1-elver@google.com
[elver@google.com: add option to use KFENCE without static keys]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210111091544.3287013-1-elver@google.com
[elver@google.com: add missing copyright and description headers]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210118092159.145934-1-elver@google.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20201103175841.3495947-2-elver@google.com
Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Reviewed-by: SeongJae Park <sjpark@amazon.de>
Co-developed-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Cc: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@google.com>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Christopher Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hdanton@sina.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Joern Engel <joern@purestorage.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
- Fix false-positive build warnings for ARCH=ia64 builds
- Optimize dictionary size for module compression with xz
- Check the compiler and linker versions in Kconfig
- Fix misuse of extra-y
- Support DWARF v5 debug info
- Clamp SUBLEVEL to 255 because stable releases 4.4.x and 4.9.x
exceeded the limit
- Add generic syscall{tbl,hdr}.sh for cleanups across arches
- Minor cleanups of genksyms
- Minor cleanups of Kconfig
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Merge tag 'kbuild-v5.12' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild
Pull Kbuild updates from Masahiro Yamada:
- Fix false-positive build warnings for ARCH=ia64 builds
- Optimize dictionary size for module compression with xz
- Check the compiler and linker versions in Kconfig
- Fix misuse of extra-y
- Support DWARF v5 debug info
- Clamp SUBLEVEL to 255 because stable releases 4.4.x and 4.9.x
exceeded the limit
- Add generic syscall{tbl,hdr}.sh for cleanups across arches
- Minor cleanups of genksyms
- Minor cleanups of Kconfig
* tag 'kbuild-v5.12' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild: (38 commits)
initramfs: Remove redundant dependency of RD_ZSTD on BLK_DEV_INITRD
kbuild: remove deprecated 'always' and 'hostprogs-y/m'
kbuild: parse C= and M= before changing the working directory
kbuild: reuse this-makefile to define abs_srctree
kconfig: unify rule of config, menuconfig, nconfig, gconfig, xconfig
kconfig: omit --oldaskconfig option for 'make config'
kconfig: fix 'invalid option' for help option
kconfig: remove dead code in conf_askvalue()
kconfig: clean up nested if-conditionals in check_conf()
kconfig: Remove duplicate call to sym_get_string_value()
Makefile: Remove # characters from compiler string
Makefile: reuse CC_VERSION_TEXT
kbuild: check the minimum linker version in Kconfig
kbuild: remove ld-version macro
scripts: add generic syscallhdr.sh
scripts: add generic syscalltbl.sh
arch: syscalls: remove $(srctree)/ prefix from syscall tables
arch: syscalls: add missing FORCE and fix 'targets' to make if_changed work
gen_compile_commands: prune some directories
kbuild: simplify access to the kernel's version
...
Merge misc updates from Andrew Morton:
"A few small subsystems and some of MM.
172 patches.
Subsystems affected by this patch series: hexagon, scripts, ntfs,
ocfs2, vfs, and mm (slab-generic, slab, slub, debug, pagecache, swap,
memcg, pagemap, mprotect, mremap, page-reporting, vmalloc, kasan,
pagealloc, memory-failure, hugetlb, vmscan, z3fold, compaction,
mempolicy, oom-kill, hugetlbfs, and migration)"
* emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (172 commits)
mm/migrate: remove unneeded semicolons
hugetlbfs: remove unneeded return value of hugetlb_vmtruncate()
hugetlbfs: fix some comment typos
hugetlbfs: correct some obsolete comments about inode i_mutex
hugetlbfs: make hugepage size conversion more readable
hugetlbfs: remove meaningless variable avoid_reserve
hugetlbfs: correct obsolete function name in hugetlbfs_read_iter()
hugetlbfs: use helper macro default_hstate in init_hugetlbfs_fs
hugetlbfs: remove useless BUG_ON(!inode) in hugetlbfs_setattr()
hugetlbfs: remove special hugetlbfs_set_page_dirty()
mm/hugetlb: change hugetlb_reserve_pages() to type bool
mm, oom: fix a comment in dump_task()
mm/mempolicy: use helper range_in_vma() in queue_pages_test_walk()
numa balancing: migrate on fault among multiple bound nodes
mm, compaction: make fast_isolate_freepages() stay within zone
mm/compaction: fix misbehaviors of fast_find_migrateblock()
mm/compaction: correct deferral logic for proactive compaction
mm/compaction: remove duplicated VM_BUG_ON_PAGE !PageLocked
mm/compaction: remove rcu_read_lock during page compaction
z3fold: simplify the zhdr initialization code in init_z3fold_page()
...
The boot param and config determine the value of memcg_sysfs_enabled,
which is unused since commit 10befea91b ("mm: memcg/slab: use a single
set of kmem_caches for all allocations") as there are no per-memcg kmem
caches anymore.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210127124745.7928-1-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Miaohe Lin <linmiaohe@huawei.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Drop support for depercated platforms using SFI, drop the entire
support for SFI that has been long deprecated too and make some
janitorial changes on top of that (Andy Shevchenko).
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Merge tag 'sfi-removal-5.12-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rafael/linux-pm
Pull Simple Firmware Interface (SFI) support removal from Rafael Wysocki:
"Drop support for depercated platforms using SFI, drop the entire
support for SFI that has been long deprecated too and make some
janitorial changes on top of that (Andy Shevchenko)"
* tag 'sfi-removal-5.12-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rafael/linux-pm:
x86/platform/intel-mid: Update Copyright year and drop file names
x86/platform/intel-mid: Remove unused header inclusion in intel-mid.h
x86/platform/intel-mid: Drop unused __intel_mid_cpu_chip and Co.
x86/platform/intel-mid: Get rid of intel_scu_ipc_legacy.h
x86/PCI: Describe @reg for type1_access_ok()
x86/PCI: Get rid of custom x86 model comparison
sfi: Remove framework for deprecated firmware
cpufreq: sfi-cpufreq: Remove driver for deprecated firmware
media: atomisp: Remove unused header
mfd: intel_msic: Remove driver for deprecated platform
x86/apb_timer: Remove driver for deprecated platform
x86/platform/intel-mid: Remove unused leftovers (vRTC)
x86/platform/intel-mid: Remove unused leftovers (msic)
x86/platform/intel-mid: Remove unused leftovers (msic_thermal)
x86/platform/intel-mid: Remove unused leftovers (msic_power_btn)
x86/platform/intel-mid: Remove unused leftovers (msic_gpio)
x86/platform/intel-mid: Remove unused leftovers (msic_battery)
x86/platform/intel-mid: Remove unused leftovers (msic_ocd)
x86/platform/intel-mid: Remove unused leftovers (msic_audio)
platform/x86: intel_scu_wdt: Drop mistakenly added const
In commit 5cf0fd591f ("Kbuild: disable TRIM_UNUSED_KSYMS option") I
disabled this option because it's hugely expensive at build time, and I
questioned how much use it gets.
Several people piped up and convinced me it's actually useful, so
instead of disabling it entirely, it now depends on EXPERT and gets
disabled by COMPILE_TEST builds so that 'allmodconfig' style things
don't enable it.
I still hope somebody will take a look at the build time issue, because
as Arnd also noted:
"However, the combination of thinlto and trim indeed has a steep cost
in compile time, taking almost twice as long as a normal defconfig
(gc-sections makes it slightly faster)"
Cc: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@kernel.org>
Cc: Jessica Yu <jeyu@kernel.org>
Cc: Cristoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>,
Cc: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz>
Cc: Emil Velikov <emil.l.velikov@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The removal of EXPORT_UNUSED_SYMBOL() in commit 367948220f looks like
(and was sold as) a no-op, but it actually had a rather serious and
subtle side effect: the UNUSED_SYMBOLS option not only enabled the
removed (unused) functionality, it also _disabled_ the TRIM_UNUSED_KSYMS
functionality.
And it turns out that TRIM_UNUSED_KSYMS is a huge time waste, and takes
up a third of the kernel build time for me. For no actual upside, since
no distro is likely to ever be able to enable it (because they all
support external kernel modules).
Rather than re-enable EXPORT_UNUSED_SYMBOL, this just disables the
TRIM_UNUSED_KSYMS option by marking it broken. I'm tempted to just
remove the support entirely, but maybe somebody has a use-case and can
fix the behavior of it.
I could have just disabled it for COMPILE_TEST, but it really smells
like the TRIM_UNUSED_KSYMS option is badly done and not really useful,
so this takes the more direct approach - let's see if anybody ever
actually notices or complains.
Cc: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz>
Cc: Emil Velikov <emil.l.velikov@gmail.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Jessica Yu <jeyu@kernel.org>
Fixes: 367948220f ("module: remove EXPORT_UNUSED_SYMBOL*")
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Summary of modules changes for the 5.12 merge window:
- Retire EXPORT_UNUSED_SYMBOL() and EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL_FUTURE(). These export
types were introduced between 2006 - 2008. All the of the unused symbols have
been long removed and gpl future symbols were converted to gpl quite a long
time ago, and I don't believe these export types have been used ever since.
So, I think it should be safe to retire those export types now. (Christoph Hellwig)
- Refactor and clean up some aged code cruft in the module loader (Christoph Hellwig)
- Build {,module_}kallsyms_on_each_symbol only when livepatching is enabled, as
it is the only caller (Christoph Hellwig)
- Unexport find_module() and module_mutex and fix the last module
callers to not rely on these anymore. Make module_mutex internal to
the module loader. (Christoph Hellwig)
- Harden ELF checks on module load and validate ELF structures before checking
the module signature (Frank van der Linden)
- Fix undefined symbol warning for clang (Fangrui Song)
- Fix smatch warning (Dan Carpenter)
Signed-off-by: Jessica Yu <jeyu@kernel.org>
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Merge tag 'modules-for-v5.12' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jeyu/linux
Pull module updates from Jessica Yu:
- Retire EXPORT_UNUSED_SYMBOL() and EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL_FUTURE(). These
export types were introduced between 2006 - 2008. All the of the
unused symbols have been long removed and gpl future symbols were
converted to gpl quite a long time ago, and I don't believe these
export types have been used ever since. So, I think it should be safe
to retire those export types now (Christoph Hellwig)
- Refactor and clean up some aged code cruft in the module loader
(Christoph Hellwig)
- Build {,module_}kallsyms_on_each_symbol only when livepatching is
enabled, as it is the only caller (Christoph Hellwig)
- Unexport find_module() and module_mutex and fix the last module
callers to not rely on these anymore. Make module_mutex internal to
the module loader (Christoph Hellwig)
- Harden ELF checks on module load and validate ELF structures before
checking the module signature (Frank van der Linden)
- Fix undefined symbol warning for clang (Fangrui Song)
- Fix smatch warning (Dan Carpenter)
* tag 'modules-for-v5.12' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jeyu/linux:
module: potential uninitialized return in module_kallsyms_on_each_symbol()
module: remove EXPORT_UNUSED_SYMBOL*
module: remove EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL_FUTURE
module: move struct symsearch to module.c
module: pass struct find_symbol_args to find_symbol
module: merge each_symbol_section into find_symbol
module: remove each_symbol_in_section
module: mark module_mutex static
kallsyms: only build {,module_}kallsyms_on_each_symbol when required
kallsyms: refactor {,module_}kallsyms_on_each_symbol
module: use RCU to synchronize find_module
module: unexport find_module and module_mutex
drm: remove drm_fb_helper_modinit
powerpc/powernv: remove get_cxl_module
module: harden ELF info handling
module: Ignore _GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_ when warning for undefined symbols
- Clang LTO build infrastructure and arm64-specific enablement (Sami Tolvanen)
- Recursive build CC_FLAGS_LTO fix (Alexander Lobakin)
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Merge tag 'clang-lto-v5.12-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kees/linux
Pull clang LTO updates from Kees Cook:
"Clang Link Time Optimization.
This is built on the work done preparing for LTO by arm64 folks,
tracing folks, etc. This includes the core changes as well as the
remaining pieces for arm64 (LTO has been the default build method on
Android for about 3 years now, as it is the prerequisite for the
Control Flow Integrity protections).
While x86 LTO enablement is done, it depends on some pending objtool
clean-ups. It's possible that I'll send a "part 2" pull request for
LTO that includes x86 support.
For merge log posterity, and as detailed in commit dc5723b02e
("kbuild: add support for Clang LTO"), here is the lt;dr to do an LTO
build:
make LLVM=1 LLVM_IAS=1 defconfig
scripts/config -e LTO_CLANG_THIN
make LLVM=1 LLVM_IAS=1
(To do a cross-compile of arm64, add "CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu-"
and "ARCH=arm64" to the "make" command lines.)
Summary:
- Clang LTO build infrastructure and arm64-specific enablement (Sami
Tolvanen)
- Recursive build CC_FLAGS_LTO fix (Alexander Lobakin)"
* tag 'clang-lto-v5.12-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kees/linux:
kbuild: prevent CC_FLAGS_LTO self-bloating on recursive rebuilds
arm64: allow LTO to be selected
arm64: disable recordmcount with DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_REGS
arm64: vdso: disable LTO
drivers/misc/lkdtm: disable LTO for rodata.o
efi/libstub: disable LTO
scripts/mod: disable LTO for empty.c
modpost: lto: strip .lto from module names
PCI: Fix PREL32 relocations for LTO
init: lto: fix PREL32 relocations
init: lto: ensure initcall ordering
kbuild: lto: add a default list of used symbols
kbuild: lto: merge module sections
kbuild: lto: limit inlining
kbuild: lto: fix module versioning
kbuild: add support for Clang LTO
tracing: move function tracer options to Kconfig
drm userspaces uses this, systemd uses this, makes sense to pull it
out from the checkpoint-restore bundle. Kees reviewed this from
security pov and is happy with the final version.
LWN coverage: https://lwn.net/Articles/845448/
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Merge tag 'topic/kcmp-kconfig-2021-02-22' of git://anongit.freedesktop.org/drm/drm
Pull kcmp kconfig update from Daniel Vetter:
"Make the kcmp syscall available independently of checkpoint/restore.
drm userspaces uses this, systemd uses this, so makes sense to pull it
out from the checkpoint-restore bundle.
Kees reviewed this from security pov and is happy with the final
version"
Link: https://lwn.net/Articles/845448/
* tag 'topic/kcmp-kconfig-2021-02-22' of git://anongit.freedesktop.org/drm/drm:
kcmp: Support selection of SYS_kcmp without CHECKPOINT_RESTORE
Unify the two scripts/ld-version.sh and scripts/lld-version.sh, and
check the minimum linker version like scripts/cc-version.sh did.
I tested this script for some corner cases reported in the past:
- GNU ld version 2.25-15.fc23
as reported by commit 8083013fc3 ("ld-version: Fix it on Fedora")
- GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.20.1.20100303
as reported by commit 0d61ed17dd ("ld-version: Drop the 4th and
5th version components")
This script show an error message if the linker is too old:
$ make LD=ld.lld-9
SYNC include/config/auto.conf
***
*** Linker is too old.
*** Your LLD version: 9.0.1
*** Minimum LLD version: 10.0.1
***
scripts/Kconfig.include:50: Sorry, this linker is not supported.
make[2]: *** [scripts/kconfig/Makefile:71: syncconfig] Error 1
make[1]: *** [Makefile:600: syncconfig] Error 2
make: *** [Makefile:708: include/config/auto.conf] Error 2
I also moved the check for gold to this script, so gold is still rejected:
$ make LD=gold
SYNC include/config/auto.conf
gold linker is not supported as it is not capable of linking the kernel proper.
scripts/Kconfig.include:50: Sorry, this linker is not supported.
make[2]: *** [scripts/kconfig/Makefile:71: syncconfig] Error 1
make[1]: *** [Makefile:600: syncconfig] Error 2
make: *** [Makefile:708: include/config/auto.conf] Error 2
Thanks to David Laight for suggesting shell script improvements.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
[ NOTE: unfortunately this tree had to be freshly rebased today,
it's a same-content tree of 82891be90f3c (-next published)
merged with v5.11.
The main reason for the rebase was an authorship misattribution
problem with a new commit, which we noticed in the last minute,
and which we didn't want to be merged upstream. The offending
commit was deep in the tree, and dependent commits had to be
rebased as well. ]
- Core scheduler updates:
- Add CONFIG_PREEMPT_DYNAMIC: this in its current form adds the
preempt=none/voluntary/full boot options (default: full),
to allow distros to build a PREEMPT kernel but fall back to
close to PREEMPT_VOLUNTARY (or PREEMPT_NONE) runtime scheduling
behavior via a boot time selection.
There's also the /debug/sched_debug switch to do this runtime.
This feature is implemented via runtime patching (a new variant of static calls).
The scope of the runtime patching can be best reviewed by looking
at the sched_dynamic_update() function in kernel/sched/core.c.
( Note that the dynamic none/voluntary mode isn't 100% identical,
for example preempt-RCU is available in all cases, plus the
preempt count is maintained in all models, which has runtime
overhead even with the code patching. )
The PREEMPT_VOLUNTARY/PREEMPT_NONE models, used by the vast majority
of distributions, are supposed to be unaffected.
- Fix ignored rescheduling after rcu_eqs_enter(). This is a bug that
was found via rcutorture triggering a hang. The bug is that
rcu_idle_enter() may wake up a NOCB kthread, but this happens after
the last generic need_resched() check. Some cpuidle drivers fix it
by chance but many others don't.
In true 2020 fashion the original bug fix has grown into a 5-patch
scheduler/RCU fix series plus another 16 RCU patches to address
the underlying issue of missed preemption events. These are the
initial fixes that should fix current incarnations of the bug.
- Clean up rbtree usage in the scheduler, by providing & using the following
consistent set of rbtree APIs:
partial-order; less() based:
- rb_add(): add a new entry to the rbtree
- rb_add_cached(): like rb_add(), but for a rb_root_cached
total-order; cmp() based:
- rb_find(): find an entry in an rbtree
- rb_find_add(): find an entry, and add if not found
- rb_find_first(): find the first (leftmost) matching entry
- rb_next_match(): continue from rb_find_first()
- rb_for_each(): iterate a sub-tree using the previous two
- Improve the SMP/NUMA load-balancer: scan for an idle sibling in a single pass.
This is a 4-commit series where each commit improves one aspect of the idle
sibling scan logic.
- Improve the cpufreq cooling driver by getting the effective CPU utilization
metrics from the scheduler
- Improve the fair scheduler's active load-balancing logic by reducing the number
of active LB attempts & lengthen the load-balancing interval. This improves
stress-ng mmapfork performance.
- Fix CFS's estimated utilization (util_est) calculation bug that can result in
too high utilization values
- Misc updates & fixes:
- Fix the HRTICK reprogramming & optimization feature
- Fix SCHED_SOFTIRQ raising race & warning in the CPU offlining code
- Reduce dl_add_task_root_domain() overhead
- Fix uprobes refcount bug
- Process pending softirqs in flush_smp_call_function_from_idle()
- Clean up task priority related defines, remove *USER_*PRIO and
USER_PRIO()
- Simplify the sched_init_numa() deduplication sort
- Documentation updates
- Fix EAS bug in update_misfit_status(), which degraded the quality
of energy-balancing
- Smaller cleanups
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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Merge tag 'sched-core-2021-02-17' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull scheduler updates from Ingo Molnar:
"Core scheduler updates:
- Add CONFIG_PREEMPT_DYNAMIC: this in its current form adds the
preempt=none/voluntary/full boot options (default: full), to allow
distros to build a PREEMPT kernel but fall back to close to
PREEMPT_VOLUNTARY (or PREEMPT_NONE) runtime scheduling behavior via
a boot time selection.
There's also the /debug/sched_debug switch to do this runtime.
This feature is implemented via runtime patching (a new variant of
static calls).
The scope of the runtime patching can be best reviewed by looking
at the sched_dynamic_update() function in kernel/sched/core.c.
( Note that the dynamic none/voluntary mode isn't 100% identical,
for example preempt-RCU is available in all cases, plus the
preempt count is maintained in all models, which has runtime
overhead even with the code patching. )
The PREEMPT_VOLUNTARY/PREEMPT_NONE models, used by the vast
majority of distributions, are supposed to be unaffected.
- Fix ignored rescheduling after rcu_eqs_enter(). This is a bug that
was found via rcutorture triggering a hang. The bug is that
rcu_idle_enter() may wake up a NOCB kthread, but this happens after
the last generic need_resched() check. Some cpuidle drivers fix it
by chance but many others don't.
In true 2020 fashion the original bug fix has grown into a 5-patch
scheduler/RCU fix series plus another 16 RCU patches to address the
underlying issue of missed preemption events. These are the initial
fixes that should fix current incarnations of the bug.
- Clean up rbtree usage in the scheduler, by providing & using the
following consistent set of rbtree APIs:
partial-order; less() based:
- rb_add(): add a new entry to the rbtree
- rb_add_cached(): like rb_add(), but for a rb_root_cached
total-order; cmp() based:
- rb_find(): find an entry in an rbtree
- rb_find_add(): find an entry, and add if not found
- rb_find_first(): find the first (leftmost) matching entry
- rb_next_match(): continue from rb_find_first()
- rb_for_each(): iterate a sub-tree using the previous two
- Improve the SMP/NUMA load-balancer: scan for an idle sibling in a
single pass. This is a 4-commit series where each commit improves
one aspect of the idle sibling scan logic.
- Improve the cpufreq cooling driver by getting the effective CPU
utilization metrics from the scheduler
- Improve the fair scheduler's active load-balancing logic by
reducing the number of active LB attempts & lengthen the
load-balancing interval. This improves stress-ng mmapfork
performance.
- Fix CFS's estimated utilization (util_est) calculation bug that can
result in too high utilization values
Misc updates & fixes:
- Fix the HRTICK reprogramming & optimization feature
- Fix SCHED_SOFTIRQ raising race & warning in the CPU offlining code
- Reduce dl_add_task_root_domain() overhead
- Fix uprobes refcount bug
- Process pending softirqs in flush_smp_call_function_from_idle()
- Clean up task priority related defines, remove *USER_*PRIO and
USER_PRIO()
- Simplify the sched_init_numa() deduplication sort
- Documentation updates
- Fix EAS bug in update_misfit_status(), which degraded the quality
of energy-balancing
- Smaller cleanups"
* tag 'sched-core-2021-02-17' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (51 commits)
sched,x86: Allow !PREEMPT_DYNAMIC
entry/kvm: Explicitly flush pending rcuog wakeup before last rescheduling point
entry: Explicitly flush pending rcuog wakeup before last rescheduling point
rcu/nocb: Trigger self-IPI on late deferred wake up before user resume
rcu/nocb: Perform deferred wake up before last idle's need_resched() check
rcu: Pull deferred rcuog wake up to rcu_eqs_enter() callers
sched/features: Distinguish between NORMAL and DEADLINE hrtick
sched/features: Fix hrtick reprogramming
sched/deadline: Reduce rq lock contention in dl_add_task_root_domain()
uprobes: (Re)add missing get_uprobe() in __find_uprobe()
smp: Process pending softirqs in flush_smp_call_function_from_idle()
sched: Harden PREEMPT_DYNAMIC
static_call: Allow module use without exposing static_call_key
sched: Add /debug/sched_preempt
preempt/dynamic: Support dynamic preempt with preempt= boot option
preempt/dynamic: Provide irqentry_exit_cond_resched() static call
preempt/dynamic: Provide preempt_schedule[_notrace]() static calls
preempt/dynamic: Provide cond_resched() and might_resched() static calls
preempt: Introduce CONFIG_PREEMPT_DYNAMIC
static_call: Provide DEFINE_STATIC_CALL_RET0()
...
The "oprofile" user-space tools don't use the kernel OPROFILE support any more,
and haven't in a long time. User-space has been converted to the perf
interfaces.
The dcookies stuff is only used by the oprofile code. Now that oprofile's
support is getting removed from the kernel, there is no need for dcookies as
well.
Remove kernel's old oprofile and dcookies support.
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Merge tag 'oprofile-removal-5.12' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vireshk/linux
Pull oprofile and dcookies removal from Viresh Kumar:
"Remove oprofile and dcookies support
The 'oprofile' user-space tools don't use the kernel OPROFILE support
any more, and haven't in a long time. User-space has been converted to
the perf interfaces.
The dcookies stuff is only used by the oprofile code. Now that
oprofile's support is getting removed from the kernel, there is no
need for dcookies as well.
Remove kernel's old oprofile and dcookies support"
* tag 'oprofile-removal-5.12' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vireshk/linux:
fs: Remove dcookies support
drivers: Remove CONFIG_OPROFILE support
arch: xtensa: Remove CONFIG_OPROFILE support
arch: x86: Remove CONFIG_OPROFILE support
arch: sparc: Remove CONFIG_OPROFILE support
arch: sh: Remove CONFIG_OPROFILE support
arch: s390: Remove CONFIG_OPROFILE support
arch: powerpc: Remove oprofile
arch: powerpc: Stop building and using oprofile
arch: parisc: Remove CONFIG_OPROFILE support
arch: mips: Remove CONFIG_OPROFILE support
arch: microblaze: Remove CONFIG_OPROFILE support
arch: ia64: Remove rest of perfmon support
arch: ia64: Remove CONFIG_OPROFILE support
arch: hexagon: Don't select HAVE_OPROFILE
arch: arc: Remove CONFIG_OPROFILE support
arch: arm: Remove CONFIG_OPROFILE support
arch: alpha: Remove CONFIG_OPROFILE support
Some architectures(eg, ARM and riscv) have similar logic to
check and reserve the memory of initrd, let's provide a common
function reserve_initrd_mem() to reduce duplicated code.
Signed-off-by: Kefeng Wang <wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Palmer Dabbelt <palmerdabbelt@google.com>
Userspace has discovered the functionality offered by SYS_kcmp and has
started to depend upon it. In particular, Mesa uses SYS_kcmp for
os_same_file_description() in order to identify when two fd (e.g. device
or dmabuf) point to the same struct file. Since they depend on it for
core functionality, lift SYS_kcmp out of the non-default
CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE into the selectable syscall category.
Rasmus Villemoes also pointed out that systemd uses SYS_kcmp to
deduplicate the per-service file descriptor store.
Note that some distributions such as Ubuntu are already enabling
CHECKPOINT_RESTORE in their configs and so, by extension, SYS_kcmp.
References: https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/drm/intel/-/issues/3046
Signed-off-by: Chris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Will Drewry <wad@chromium.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Dave Airlie <airlied@gmail.com>
Cc: Daniel Vetter <daniel@ffwll.ch>
Cc: Lucas Stach <l.stach@pengutronix.de>
Cc: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@gmail.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Acked-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch> # DRM depends on kcmp
Acked-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk> # systemd uses kcmp
Reviewed-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Acked-by: Thomas Zimmermann <tzimmermann@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
Link: https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/patch/msgid/20210205220012.1983-1-chris@chris-wilson.co.uk
Paul Gortmaker reported a regression in the GCC version check. [1]
If you use GCC 4.8, the build breaks before showing the error message
"error Sorry, your version of GCC is too old - please use 4.9 or newer."
I do not want to apply his fix-up since it implies we would not be able
to remove any cc-option test. Anyway, I admit checking the GCC version
in <linux/compiler-gcc.h> is too late.
Almost at the same time, Linus also suggested to move the compiler
version error to Kconfig time. [2]
I unified the two similar scripts, gcc-version.sh and clang-version.sh
into cc-version.sh. The old scripts invoked the compiler multiple times
(3 times for gcc-version.sh, 4 times for clang-version.sh). I refactored
the code so the new one invokes the compiler just once, and also tried
my best to use shell-builtin commands where possible.
The new script runs faster.
$ time ./scripts/clang-version.sh clang
120000
real 0m0.029s
user 0m0.012s
sys 0m0.021s
$ time ./scripts/cc-version.sh clang
Clang 120000
real 0m0.009s
user 0m0.006s
sys 0m0.004s
cc-version.sh also shows an error message if the compiler is too old:
$ make defconfig CC=clang-9
*** Default configuration is based on 'x86_64_defconfig'
***
*** Compiler is too old.
*** Your Clang version: 9.0.1
*** Minimum Clang version: 10.0.1
***
scripts/Kconfig.include:46: Sorry, this compiler is not supported.
make[1]: *** [scripts/kconfig/Makefile:81: defconfig] Error 1
make: *** [Makefile:602: defconfig] Error 2
The new script takes care of ICC because we have <linux/compiler-intel.h>
although I am not sure if building the kernel with ICC is well-supported.
[1]: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210110190807.134996-1-paul.gortmaker@windriver.com
[2]: https://lore.kernel.org/r/CAHk-=wh-+TMHPTFo1qs-MYyK7tZh-OQovA=pP3=e06aCVp6_kA@mail.gmail.com
Fixes: 87de84c914 ("kbuild: remove cc-option test of -Werror=date-time")
Reported-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Suggested-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Tested-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Sedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
SFI-based platforms are gone. So does this framework.
This removes mention of SFI through the drivers and other code as well.
Signed-off-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Hans de Goede <hdegoede@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
EXPORT_UNUSED_SYMBOL* is not actually used anywhere. Remove the
unused functionality as we generally just remove unused code anyway.
Reviewed-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Emil Velikov <emil.l.velikov@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Jessica Yu <jeyu@kernel.org>
On ARCH=um, loading a module doesn't result in its constructors getting
called, which breaks module gcov since the debugfs files are never
registered. On the other hand, in-kernel constructors have already been
called by the dynamic linker, so we can't call them again.
Get out of this conundrum by allowing CONFIG_CONSTRUCTORS to be
selected, but avoiding the in-kernel constructor calls.
Also remove the "if !UML" from GCOV selecting CONSTRUCTORS now, since we
really do want CONSTRUCTORS, just not kernel binary ones.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210120172041.c246a2cac2fb.I1358f584b76f1898373adfed77f4462c8705b736@changeid
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes.berg@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Peter Oberparleiter <oberpar@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Jessica Yu <jeyu@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
On some archs, the idle task can call into cpu_suspend(). The cpu_suspend()
will disable or pause function graph tracing, as there's some paths in
bringing down the CPU that can have issues with its return address being
modified. The task_struct structure has a "tracing_graph_pause" atomic
counter, that when set to something other than zero, the function graph
tracer will not modify the return address.
The problem is that the tracing_graph_pause counter is initialized when the
function graph tracer is enabled. This can corrupt the counter for the idle
task if it is suspended in these architectures.
CPU 1 CPU 2
----- -----
do_idle()
cpu_suspend()
pause_graph_tracing()
task_struct->tracing_graph_pause++ (0 -> 1)
start_graph_tracing()
for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
ftrace_graph_init_idle_task(cpu)
task-struct->tracing_graph_pause = 0 (1 -> 0)
unpause_graph_tracing()
task_struct->tracing_graph_pause-- (0 -> -1)
The above should have gone from 1 to zero, and enabled function graph
tracing again. But instead, it is set to -1, which keeps it disabled.
There's no reason that the field tracing_graph_pause on the task_struct can
not be initialized at boot up.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 380c4b1411 ("tracing/function-graph-tracer: append the tracing_graph_flag")
Bugzilla: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=211339
Reported-by: pierre.gondois@arm.com
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
The "oprofile" user-space tools don't use the kernel OPROFILE support
any more, and haven't in a long time. User-space has been converted to
the perf interfaces.
Remove kernel's old oprofile support.
Suggested-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Suggested-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Robert Richter <rric@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org> #RCU
Acked-by: William Cohen <wcohen@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Linus Torvalds