N_HIGH_MEMORY stands for the nodes that has normal or high memory.
N_MEMORY stands for the nodes that has any memory.
The code here need to handle with the nodes which have memory, we should
use N_MEMORY instead.
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Lin Feng <linfeng@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pass vma instead of mm and add address parameter.
In most cases we already have vma on the stack. We provides
split_huge_page_pmd_mm() for few cases when we have mm, but not vma.
This change is preparation to huge zero pmd splitting implementation.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull scheduler updates from Ingo Molnar:
"The biggest change affects group scheduling: we now track the runnable
average on a per-task entity basis, allowing a smoother, exponential
decay average based load/weight estimation instead of the previous
binary on-the-runqueue/off-the-runqueue load weight method.
This will inevitably disturb workloads that were in some sort of
borderline balancing state or unstable equilibrium, so an eye has to
be kept on regressions.
For that reason the new load average is only limited to group
scheduling (shares distribution) at the moment (which was also hurting
the most from the prior, crude weight calculation and whose scheduling
quality wins most from this change) - but we plan to extend this to
regular SMP balancing as well in the future, which will simplify and
speed up things a bit.
Other changes involve ongoing preparatory work to extend NOHZ to the
scheduler as well, eventually allowing completely irq-free user-space
execution."
* 'sched-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (33 commits)
Revert "sched/autogroup: Fix crash on reboot when autogroup is disabled"
cputime: Comment cputime's adjusting code
cputime: Consolidate cputime adjustment code
cputime: Rename thread_group_times to thread_group_cputime_adjusted
cputime: Move thread_group_cputime() to sched code
vtime: Warn if irqs aren't disabled on system time accounting APIs
vtime: No need to disable irqs on vtime_account()
vtime: Consolidate a bit the ctx switch code
vtime: Explicitly account pending user time on process tick
vtime: Remove the underscore prefix invasion
sched/autogroup: Fix crash on reboot when autogroup is disabled
cputime: Separate irqtime accounting from generic vtime
cputime: Specialize irq vtime hooks
kvm: Directly account vtime to system on guest switch
vtime: Make vtime_account_system() irqsafe
vtime: Gather vtime declarations to their own header file
sched: Describe CFS load-balancer
sched: Introduce temporary FAIR_GROUP_SCHED dependency for load-tracking
sched: Make __update_entity_runnable_avg() fast
sched: Update_cfs_shares at period edge
...
The maximum oom_score_adj is 1000 and the minimum oom_score_adj is -1000,
so this range can be represented by the signed short type with no
functional change. The extra space this frees up in struct signal_struct
will be used for per-thread oom kill flags in the next patch.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Anton Vorontsov <anton.vorontsov@linaro.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We have thread_group_cputime() and thread_group_times(). The naming
doesn't provide enough information about the difference between
these two APIs.
To lower the confusion, rename thread_group_times() to
thread_group_cputime_adjusted(). This name better suggests that
it's a version of thread_group_cputime() that does some stabilization
on the raw cputime values. ie here: scale on top of CFS runtime
stats and bound lower value for monotonicity.
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Commit 7b540d0646 ("proc_map_files_readdir(): don't bother with
grabbing files") switched proc_map_files_readdir() to use @f_mode
directly instead of grabbing @file reference, but same time the test for
@vm_file presence was lost leading to nil dereference. The patch brings
the test back.
The all proc_map_files feature is CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE wrapped
(which is set to 'n' by default) so the bug doesn't affect regular
kernels.
The regression is 3.7-rc1 only as far as I can tell.
[gorcunov@openvz.org: provided changelog]
Signed-off-by: Stanislav Kinsbursky <skinsbursky@parallels.com>
Acked-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Assign a unique proc inode to each namespace, and use that
inode number to ensure we only allocate at most one proc
inode for every namespace in proc.
A single proc inode per namespace allows userspace to test
to see if two processes are in the same namespace.
This has been a long requested feature and only blocked because
a naive implementation would put the id in a global space and
would ultimately require having a namespace for the names of
namespaces, making migration and certain virtualization tricks
impossible.
We still don't have per superblock inode numbers for proc, which
appears necessary for application unaware checkpoint/restart and
migrations (if the application is using namespace file descriptors)
but that is now allowd by the design if it becomes important.
I have preallocated the ipc and uts initial proc inode numbers so
their structures can be statically initialized.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Change the proc namespace files into symlinks so that
we won't cache the dentries for the namespace files
which can bypass the ptrace_may_access checks.
To support the symlinks create an additional namespace
inode with it's own set of operations distinct from the
proc pid inode and dentry methods as those no longer
make sense.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Generalize the proc inode allocation so that it can be
used without having to having to create a proc_dir_entry.
This will allow namespace file descriptors to remain light
weight entitities but still have the same inode number
when the backing namespace is the same.
Acked-by: Serge E. Hallyn <serge.hallyn@ubuntu.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
- The context in which proc and sysfs are mounted have no
effect on the the uid/gid of their files so no conversion is
needed except allowing the mount.
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Instead of using current_userns() use the userns of the opener
of the file so that if the file is passed between processes
the contents of the file do not change.
Acked-by: Serge E. Hallyn <serge.hallyn@ubuntu.com>
Signed-off-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
This allows entering a user namespace, and the ability
to store a reference to a user namespace with a bind
mount.
Addition of missing userns_ns_put in userns_install
from Gao feng <gaofeng@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
setns support for the mount namespace is a little tricky as an
arbitrary decision must be made about what to set fs->root and
fs->pwd to, as there is no expectation of a relationship between
the two mount namespaces. Therefore I arbitrarily find the root
mount point, and follow every mount on top of it to find the top
of the mount stack. Then I set fs->root and fs->pwd to that
location. The topmost root of the mount stack seems like a
reasonable place to be.
Bind mount support for the mount namespace inodes has the
possibility of creating circular dependencies between mount
namespaces. Circular dependencies can result in loops that
prevent mount namespaces from every being freed. I avoid
creating those circular dependencies by adding a sequence number
to the mount namespace and require all bind mounts be of a
younger mount namespace into an older mount namespace.
Add a helper function proc_ns_inode so it is possible to
detect when we are attempting to bind mound a namespace inode.
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
- Pid namespaces are designed to be inescapable so verify that the
passed in pid namespace is a child of the currently active
pid namespace or the currently active pid namespace itself.
Allowing the currently active pid namespace is important so
the effects of an earlier setns can be cancelled.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Track the number of pids in the proc hash table. When the number of
pids goes to 0 schedule work to unmount the kernel mount of proc.
Move the mount of proc into alloc_pid when we allocate the pid for
init.
Remove the surprising calls of pid_ns_release proc in fork and
proc_flush_task. Those code paths really shouldn't know about proc
namespace implementation details and people have demonstrated several
times that finding and understanding those code paths is difficult and
non-obvious.
Because of the call path detach pid is alwasy called with the
rtnl_lock held free_pid is not allowed to sleep, so the work to
unmounting proc is moved to a work queue. This has the side benefit
of not blocking the entire world waiting for the unnecessary
rcu_barrier in deactivate_locked_super.
In the process of making the code clear and obvious this fixes a bug
reported by Gao feng <gaofeng@cn.fujitsu.com> where we would leak a
mount of proc during clone(CLONE_NEWPID|CLONE_NEWNET) if copy_pid_ns
succeeded and copy_net_ns failed.
Acked-by: "Serge E. Hallyn" <serge@hallyn.com>
Signed-off-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
The expressions tsk->nsproxy->pid_ns and task_active_pid_ns
aka ns_of_pid(task_pid(tsk)) should have the same number of
cache line misses with the practical difference that
ns_of_pid(task_pid(tsk)) is released later in a processes life.
Furthermore by using task_active_pid_ns it becomes trivial
to write an unshare implementation for the the pid namespace.
So I have used task_active_pid_ns everywhere I can.
In fork since the pid has not yet been attached to the
process I use ns_of_pid, to achieve the same effect.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Now that we have s_fs_info pointing to our pid namespace
the original reason for the proc root inode having a struct
pid is gone.
Caching a pid in the root inode has led to some complicated
code. Now that we don't need the struct pid, just remove it.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
I had visions at one point of splitting proc into two filesystems. If
that had happened proc/self being the the part of proc that actually deals
with pids would have been a nice cleanup. As it is proc/self requires
a lot of unnecessary infrastructure for a single file.
The only user visible change is that a mounted /proc for a pid namespace
that is dead now shows a broken proc symlink, instead of being completely
invisible. I don't think anyone will notice or care.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
- Current is implicitly avaiable so passing current->nsproxy isn't useful.
- The ctl_table_header is needed to find how the sysctl table is connected
to the rest of sysctl.
- ctl_table_root is avaiable in the ctl_table_header so no need to it.
With these changes it becomes possible to write a version of
net_sysctl_permission that takes into account the network namespace of
the sysctl table, an important feature in extending the user namespace.
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This is mostly a revert of 01dc52ebdf ("oom: remove deprecated oom_adj")
from Davidlohr Bueso.
It reintroduces /proc/pid/oom_adj for backwards compatibility with earlier
kernels. It simply scales the value linearly when /proc/pid/oom_score_adj
is written.
The major difference is that its scheduled removal is no longer included
in Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt. We do warn users with a
single printk, though, to suggest the more powerful and supported
/proc/pid/oom_score_adj interface.
Reported-by: Artem S. Tashkinov <t.artem@lycos.com>
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Due to these two commits:
8323f26ce3 sched: Fix race in task_group()
800d4d30c8 sched, autogroup: Stop going ahead if autogroup is disabled
... autogroup scheduling's dynamic knobs are wrecked.
With both patches applied, all you have to do to crash a box is
disable autogroup during boot up, then reboot.. boom, NULL pointer
dereference due to 800d4d30 not allowing autogroup to move things,
and 8323f26ce making that the only way to switch runqueues.
Remove most of the (dysfunctional) knobs and turn the remaining
sched_autogroup_enabled knob readonly.
If the user fiddles with cgroups hereafter, once tasks
are moved, autogroup won't mess with them again unless
they call setsid().
No knobs, no glitz, nada, just a cute little thing folks can
turn on if they don't want to muck about with cgroups and/or
systemd.
Signed-off-by: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Xiaotian Feng <xtfeng@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Xiaotian Feng <dannyfeng@tencent.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v3.6
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1351451963.4999.8.camel@maggy.simpson.net
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Pull core kernel fixes from Ingo Molnar:
"Two small fixes"
* 'core-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
Documentation: Reflect the new location of the NMI watchdog info
nohz: Fix idle ticks in cpu summary line of /proc/stat
/proc/<pid>/numa_maps scans vma and show mempolicy under
mmap_sem. It sometimes accesses task->mempolicy which can
be freed without mmap_sem and numa_maps can show some
garbage while scanning.
This patch tries to take reference count of task->mempolicy at reading
numa_maps before calling get_vma_policy(). By this, task->mempolicy
will not be freed until numa_maps reaches its end.
V2->v3
- updated comments to be more verbose.
- removed task_lock() in numa_maps code.
V1->V2
- access task->mempolicy only once and remember it. Becase kernel/exit.c
can overwrite it.
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When reading /proc/pid/numa_maps, it's possible to return the contents of
the stack where the mempolicy string should be printed if the policy gets
freed from beneath us.
This happens because mpol_to_str() may return an error the
stack-allocated buffer is then printed without ever being stored.
There are two possible error conditions in mpol_to_str():
- if the buffer allocated is insufficient for the string to be stored,
and
- if the mempolicy has an invalid mode.
The first error condition is not triggered in any of the callers to
mpol_to_str(): at least 50 bytes is always allocated on the stack and this
is sufficient for the string to be written. A future patch should convert
this into BUILD_BUG_ON() since we know the maximum strlen possible, but
that's not -rc material.
The second error condition is possible if a race occurs in dropping a
reference to a task's mempolicy causing it to be freed during the read().
The slab poison value is then used for the mode and mpol_to_str() returns
-EINVAL.
This race is only possible because get_vma_policy() believes that
mm->mmap_sem protects task->mempolicy, which isn't true. The exit path
does not hold mm->mmap_sem when dropping the reference or setting
task->mempolicy to NULL: it uses task_lock(task) instead.
Thus, it's required for the caller of a task mempolicy to hold
task_lock(task) while grabbing the mempolicy and reading it. Callers with
a vma policy store their mempolicy earlier and can simply increment the
reference count so it's guaranteed not to be freed.
Reported-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Git commit 09a1d34f85 "nohz: Make idle/iowait counter update
conditional" introduced a bug in regard to cpu hotplug. The effect is
that the number of idle ticks in the cpu summary line in /proc/stat is
still counting ticks for offline cpus.
Reproduction is easy, just start a workload that keeps all cpus busy,
switch off one or more cpus and then watch the idle field in top.
On a dual-core with one cpu 100% busy and one offline cpu you will get
something like this:
%Cpu(s): 48.7 us, 1.3 sy, 0.0 ni, 50.0 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si,
%0.0 st
The problem is that an offline cpu still has ts->idle_active == 1.
To fix this we should make sure that the cpu is online when calling
get_cpu_idle_time_us and get_cpu_iowait_time_us.
[Srivatsa: Rebased to current mainline]
Reported-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Srivatsa S. Bhat <srivatsa.bhat@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Srivatsa S. Bhat <srivatsa.bhat@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20121010061820.8999.57245.stgit@srivatsabhat.in.ibm.com
Cc: deepthi@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
KPF_THP can be set on non-huge compound pages (like slab pages or pages
allocated by drivers with __GFP_COMP) because PageTransCompound only
checks PG_head and PG_tail. Obviously this is a bug and breaks user space
applications which look for thp via /proc/kpageflags.
This patch rules out setting KPF_THP wrongly by additionally checking
PageLRU on the head pages.
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Acked-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The recently added code to use rbtrees in sysctl did not follow the proper
rbtree interface on insertion - it was calling rb_link_node() which
inserts a new node into the binary tree, but missed the call to
rb_insert_color() which properly balances the rbtree and establishes all
expected rbtree invariants.
I found out about this only because faulty commit also used
rb_init_node(), which I am removing within this patchset. But I think
it's an easy mistake to make, and it makes me wonder if we should change
the rbtree API so that insertions would be done with a single rb_insert()
call (even if its implementation could still inline the rb_link_node()
part and call a private __rb_insert_color function to do the rebalancing).
Signed-off-by: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Acked-by: David Woodhouse <David.Woodhouse@intel.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Daniel Santos <daniel.santos@pobox.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Empty nodes have no color. We can make use of this property to simplify
the code emitted by the RB_EMPTY_NODE and RB_CLEAR_NODE macros. Also,
we can get rid of the rb_init_node function which had been introduced by
commit 88d19cf379 ("timers: Add rb_init_node() to allow for stack
allocated rb nodes") to avoid some issue with the empty node's color not
being initialized.
I'm not sure what the RB_EMPTY_NODE checks in rb_prev() / rb_next() are
doing there, though. axboe introduced them in commit 10fd48f237
("rbtree: fixed reversed RB_EMPTY_NODE and rb_next/prev"). The way I
see it, the 'empty node' abstraction is only used by rbtree users to
flag nodes that they haven't inserted in any rbtree, so asking the
predecessor or successor of such nodes doesn't make any sense.
One final rb_init_node() caller was recently added in sysctl code to
implement faster sysctl name lookups. This code doesn't make use of
RB_EMPTY_NODE at all, and from what I could see it only called
rb_init_node() under the mistaken assumption that such initialization was
required before node insertion.
[sfr@canb.auug.org.au: fix net/ceph/osd_client.c build]
Signed-off-by: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Acked-by: David Woodhouse <David.Woodhouse@intel.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Daniel Santos <daniel.santos@pobox.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The deprecated /proc/<pid>/oom_adj is scheduled for removal this month.
Signed-off-by: Davidlohr Bueso <dave@gnu.org>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
A long time ago, in v2.4, VM_RESERVED kept swapout process off VMA,
currently it lost original meaning but still has some effects:
| effect | alternative flags
-+------------------------+---------------------------------------------
1| account as reserved_vm | VM_IO
2| skip in core dump | VM_IO, VM_DONTDUMP
3| do not merge or expand | VM_IO, VM_DONTEXPAND, VM_HUGETLB, VM_PFNMAP
4| do not mlock | VM_IO, VM_DONTEXPAND, VM_HUGETLB, VM_PFNMAP
This patch removes reserved_vm counter from mm_struct. Seems like nobody
cares about it, it does not exported into userspace directly, it only
reduces total_vm showed in proc.
Thus VM_RESERVED can be replaced with VM_IO or pair VM_DONTEXPAND | VM_DONTDUMP.
remap_pfn_range() and io_remap_pfn_range() set VM_IO|VM_DONTEXPAND|VM_DONTDUMP.
remap_vmalloc_range() set VM_DONTEXPAND | VM_DONTDUMP.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci.c fixup]
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Carsten Otte <cotte@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: James Morris <james.l.morris@oracle.com>
Cc: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com>
Cc: Kentaro Takeda <takedakn@nttdata.co.jp>
Cc: Matt Helsley <matthltc@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Robert Richter <robert.richter@amd.com>
Cc: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: Venkatesh Pallipadi <venki@google.com>
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This cleanup also fixes the following sparse warning:
fs/proc/root.c:64:45: warning: Using plain integer as NULL pointer
Signed-off-by: Sachin Kamat <sachin.kamat@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The use of if (!head) BUG(); can be replaced with the single line
BUG_ON(!head).
Signed-off-by: Prasad Joshi <prasadjoshi.linux@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Part of the memory will be written twice after this change, but that
should be negligible.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix __proc_create() coding-style issues, remove unneeded zero-initialisations]
Signed-off-by: yan <clouds.yan@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
proc_get_inode() obtains the inode via a call to iget_locked().
iget_locked() calls alloc_inode() which will call proc_alloc_inode() which
clears proc_inode.fd, so there is no need to clear this field in
proc_get_inode().
If iget_locked() instead found the inode via find_inode_fast(), that inode
will not have I_NEW set so this change has no effect.
Signed-off-by: yan <clouds.yan@gmail.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
If proc_get_inode() returns NULL then presumably it encountered memory
exhaustion. proc_lookup_de() should return -ENOMEM in this case, not
-EINVAL.
Signed-off-by: yan <clouds.yan@gmail.com>
Cc: Ryan Mallon <rmallon@gmail.com>
Cc: Cong Wang <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cosmetic. Change setup_new_exec() and task_dumpable() to use
SUID_DUMPABLE_ENABLED for /bin/grep.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: checkpatch fixes]
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull vfs update from Al Viro:
- big one - consolidation of descriptor-related logics; almost all of
that is moved to fs/file.c
(BTW, I'm seriously tempted to rename the result to fd.c. As it is,
we have a situation when file_table.c is about handling of struct
file and file.c is about handling of descriptor tables; the reasons
are historical - file_table.c used to be about a static array of
struct file we used to have way back).
A lot of stray ends got cleaned up and converted to saner primitives,
disgusting mess in android/binder.c is still disgusting, but at least
doesn't poke so much in descriptor table guts anymore. A bunch of
relatively minor races got fixed in process, plus an ext4 struct file
leak.
- related thing - fget_light() partially unuglified; see fdget() in
there (and yes, it generates the code as good as we used to have).
- also related - bits of Cyrill's procfs stuff that got entangled into
that work; _not_ all of it, just the initial move to fs/proc/fd.c and
switch of fdinfo to seq_file.
- Alex's fs/coredump.c spiltoff - the same story, had been easier to
take that commit than mess with conflicts. The rest is a separate
pile, this was just a mechanical code movement.
- a few misc patches all over the place. Not all for this cycle,
there'll be more (and quite a few currently sit in akpm's tree)."
Fix up trivial conflicts in the android binder driver, and some fairly
simple conflicts due to two different changes to the sock_alloc_file()
interface ("take descriptor handling from sock_alloc_file() to callers"
vs "net: Providing protocol type via system.sockprotoname xattr of
/proc/PID/fd entries" adding a dentry name to the socket)
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: (72 commits)
MAX_LFS_FILESIZE should be a loff_t
compat: fs: Generic compat_sys_sendfile implementation
fs: push rcu_barrier() from deactivate_locked_super() to filesystems
btrfs: reada_extent doesn't need kref for refcount
coredump: move core dump functionality into its own file
coredump: prevent double-free on an error path in core dumper
usb/gadget: fix misannotations
fcntl: fix misannotations
ceph: don't abuse d_delete() on failure exits
hypfs: ->d_parent is never NULL or negative
vfs: delete surplus inode NULL check
switch simple cases of fget_light to fdget
new helpers: fdget()/fdput()
switch o2hb_region_dev_write() to fget_light()
proc_map_files_readdir(): don't bother with grabbing files
make get_file() return its argument
vhost_set_vring(): turn pollstart/pollstop into bool
switch prctl_set_mm_exe_file() to fget_light()
switch xfs_find_handle() to fget_light()
switch xfs_swapext() to fget_light()
...
Pull user namespace changes from Eric Biederman:
"This is a mostly modest set of changes to enable basic user namespace
support. This allows the code to code to compile with user namespaces
enabled and removes the assumption there is only the initial user
namespace. Everything is converted except for the most complex of the
filesystems: autofs4, 9p, afs, ceph, cifs, coda, fuse, gfs2, ncpfs,
nfs, ocfs2 and xfs as those patches need a bit more review.
The strategy is to push kuid_t and kgid_t values are far down into
subsystems and filesystems as reasonable. Leaving the make_kuid and
from_kuid operations to happen at the edge of userspace, as the values
come off the disk, and as the values come in from the network.
Letting compile type incompatible compile errors (present when user
namespaces are enabled) guide me to find the issues.
The most tricky areas have been the places where we had an implicit
union of uid and gid values and were storing them in an unsigned int.
Those places were converted into explicit unions. I made certain to
handle those places with simple trivial patches.
Out of that work I discovered we have generic interfaces for storing
quota by projid. I had never heard of the project identifiers before.
Adding full user namespace support for project identifiers accounts
for most of the code size growth in my git tree.
Ultimately there will be work to relax privlige checks from
"capable(FOO)" to "ns_capable(user_ns, FOO)" where it is safe allowing
root in a user names to do those things that today we only forbid to
non-root users because it will confuse suid root applications.
While I was pushing kuid_t and kgid_t changes deep into the audit code
I made a few other cleanups. I capitalized on the fact we process
netlink messages in the context of the message sender. I removed
usage of NETLINK_CRED, and started directly using current->tty.
Some of these patches have also made it into maintainer trees, with no
problems from identical code from different trees showing up in
linux-next.
After reading through all of this code I feel like I might be able to
win a game of kernel trivial pursuit."
Fix up some fairly trivial conflicts in netfilter uid/git logging code.
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ebiederm/user-namespace: (107 commits)
userns: Convert the ufs filesystem to use kuid/kgid where appropriate
userns: Convert the udf filesystem to use kuid/kgid where appropriate
userns: Convert ubifs to use kuid/kgid
userns: Convert squashfs to use kuid/kgid where appropriate
userns: Convert reiserfs to use kuid and kgid where appropriate
userns: Convert jfs to use kuid/kgid where appropriate
userns: Convert jffs2 to use kuid and kgid where appropriate
userns: Convert hpfs to use kuid and kgid where appropriate
userns: Convert btrfs to use kuid/kgid where appropriate
userns: Convert bfs to use kuid/kgid where appropriate
userns: Convert affs to use kuid/kgid wherwe appropriate
userns: On alpha modify linux_to_osf_stat to use convert from kuids and kgids
userns: On ia64 deal with current_uid and current_gid being kuid and kgid
userns: On ppc convert current_uid from a kuid before printing.
userns: Convert s390 getting uid and gid system calls to use kuid and kgid
userns: Convert s390 hypfs to use kuid and kgid where appropriate
userns: Convert binder ipc to use kuids
userns: Teach security_path_chown to take kuids and kgids
userns: Add user namespace support to IMA
userns: Convert EVM to deal with kuids and kgids in it's hmac computation
...
This patch converts /proc/pid/fdinfo/ handling routines to seq-file which
is needed to extend seq operations and plug in auxiliary fdinfo provides
from subsystems like eventfd/eventpoll/fsnotify.
Note the proc_fd_link no longer call for proc_fd_info, simply because
the guts of proc_fd_info() got merged into ->show() of that seq_file
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
This patch prepares the ground for further extension of
/proc/pid/fd[info] handling code by moving fdinfo handling
code into fs/proc/fd.c.
I think such move makes both fs/proc/base.c and fs/proc/fd.c
easier to read.
Signed-off-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Acked-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
CC: Al Viro <viro@ZenIV.linux.org.uk>
CC: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
CC: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
CC: James Bottomley <jbottomley@parallels.com>
CC: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
CC: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
CC: Matthew Helsley <matt.helsley@gmail.com>
CC: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@fieldses.org>
CC: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Implement kprojid_t a cousin of the kuid_t and kgid_t.
The per user namespace mapping of project id values can be set with
/proc/<pid>/projid_map.
A full compliment of helpers is provided: make_kprojid, from_kprojid,
from_kprojid_munged, kporjid_has_mapping, projid_valid, projid_eq,
projid_eq, projid_lt.
Project identifiers are part of the generic disk quota interface,
although it appears only xfs implements project identifiers currently.
The xfs code allows anyone who has permission to set the project
identifier on a file to use any project identifier so when
setting up the user namespace project identifier mappings I do
not require a capability.
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Always store audit loginuids in type kuid_t.
Print loginuids by converting them into uids in the appropriate user
namespace, and then printing the resulting uid.
Modify audit_get_loginuid to return a kuid_t.
Modify audit_set_loginuid to take a kuid_t.
Modify /proc/<pid>/loginuid on read to convert the loginuid into the
user namespace of the opener of the file.
Modify /proc/<pid>/loginud on write to convert the loginuid
rom the user namespace of the opener of the file.
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
Cc: Paul Moore <paul@paul-moore.com> ?
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
The unregister_sysctl_table() function hangs if all references to its
ctl_table_header structure are not dropped.
This can happen sometimes because of a leak in proc_sys_lookup():
proc_sys_lookup() gets a reference to the table via lookup_entry(), but
it does not release it when a subsequent call to sysctl_follow_link()
fails.
This patch fixes this leak by making sure the reference is always
dropped on return.
See also commit 076c3eed2c ("sysctl: Rewrite proc_sys_lookup
introducing find_entry and lookup_entry") which reorganized this code in
3.4.
Tested in Linux 3.4.4.
Signed-off-by: Francesco Ruggeri <fruggeri@aristanetworks.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
__mem_open() which is called by both /proc/<pid>/environ and
/proc/<pid>/mem ->open() handlers will allow the use of negative offsets.
/proc/<pid>/mem has negative offsets but not /proc/<pid>/environ.
Clean this by moving the 'force FMODE_UNSIGNED_OFFSET flag' to mem_open()
to allow negative offsets only on /proc/<pid>/mem.
Signed-off-by: Djalal Harouni <tixxdz@opendz.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Brad Spengler <spender@grsecurity.net>
Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently the following offset and environment address range check in
environ_read() of /proc/<pid>/environ is buggy:
int this_len = mm->env_end - (mm->env_start + src);
if (this_len <= 0)
break;
Large or negative offsets on /proc/<pid>/environ converted to 'unsigned
long' may pass this check since '(mm->env_start + src)' can overflow and
'this_len' will be positive.
This can turn /proc/<pid>/environ to act like /proc/<pid>/mem since
(mm->env_start + src) will point and read from another VMA.
There are two fixes here plus some code cleaning:
1) Fix the overflow by checking if the offset that was converted to
unsigned long will always point to the [mm->env_start, mm->env_end]
address range.
2) Remove the truncation that was made to the result of the check,
storing the result in 'int this_len' will alter its value and we can
not depend on it.
For kernels that have commit b409e578d ("proc: clean up
/proc/<pid>/environ handling") which adds the appropriate ptrace check and
saves the 'mm' at ->open() time, this is not a security issue.
This patch is taken from the grsecurity patch since it was just made
available.
Signed-off-by: Djalal Harouni <tixxdz@opendz.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Brad Spengler <spender@grsecurity.net>
Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull powerpc updates from Benjamin Herrenschmidt:
"Notable highlights:
- iommu improvements from Anton removing the per-iommu global lock in
favor of dividing the DMA space into pools, each with its own lock,
and hashed on the CPU number. Along with making the locking more
fine grained, this gives significant improvements in multiqueue
networking scalability.
- Still from Anton, we know provide a vdso based variant of getcpu
which makes sched_getcpu with the appropriate glibc patch something
like 18 times faster.
- More anton goodness (he's been busy !) in other areas such as a
faster __clear_user and copy_page on P7, various perf fixes to
improve sampling quality, etc...
- One more step toward removing legacy i2c interfaces by using new
device-tree based probing of platform devices for the AOA audio
drivers
- A nice series of patches from Michael Neuling that helps avoiding
confusion between register numbers and litterals in assembly code,
trying to enforce the use of "%rN" register names in gas rather
than plain numbers.
- A pile of FSL updates
- The usual bunch of small fixes, cleanups etc...
You may spot a change to drivers/char/mem. The patch got no comment
or ack from outside, it's a trivial patch to allow the architecture to
skip creating /dev/port, which we use to disable it on ppc64 that
don't have a legacy brige. On those, IO ports 0...64K are not mapped
in kernel space at all, so accesses to /dev/port cause oopses (and
yes, distros -still- ship userspace that bangs hard coded ports such
as kbdrate)."
* 'next' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/benh/powerpc: (106 commits)
powerpc/mpic: Create a revmap with enough entries for IPIs and timers
Remove stale .rej file
powerpc/iommu: Fix iommu pool initialization
powerpc/eeh: Check handle_eeh_events() return value
powerpc/85xx: Add phy nodes in SGMII mode for MPC8536/44/72DS & P2020DS
powerpc/e500: add paravirt QEMU platform
powerpc/mpc85xx_ds: convert to unified PCI init
powerpc/fsl-pci: get PCI init out of board files
powerpc/85xx: Update corenet64_smp_defconfig
powerpc/85xx: Update corenet32_smp_defconfig
powerpc/85xx: Rename P1021RDB-PC device trees to be consistent
powerpc/watchdog: move booke watchdog param related code to setup-common.c
sound/aoa: Adapt to new i2c probing scheme
i2c/powermac: Improve detection of devices from device-tree
powerpc: Disable /dev/port interface on systems without an ISA bridge
of: Improve prom_update_property() function
powerpc: Add "memory" attribute for mfmsr()
powerpc/ftrace: Fix assembly trampoline register usage
powerpc/hw_breakpoints: Fix incorrect pointer access
powerpc: Put the gpr save/restore functions in their own section
...
Pass mount flags to sget() so that it can use them in initialising a new
superblock before the set function is called. They could also be passed to the
compare function.
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Add a helper that abstracts out the jump to an already parsed struct path
from ->follow_link operation from procfs. Not only does this clean up
the code by moving the two sides of this game into a single helper, but
it also prepares for making struct nameidata private to namei.c
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Currently the non-nd_set_link based versions of ->follow_link are expected
to do a path_put(&nd->path) on failure. This calling convention is unexpected,
undocumented and doesn't match what the nd_set_link-based instances do.
Move the path_put out of the only non-nd_set_link based ->follow_link
instance into the caller.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Just the flags; only NFS cares even about that, but there are
legitimate uses for such argument. And getting rid of that
completely would require splitting ->lookup() into a couple
of methods (at least), so let's leave that alone for now...
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
prom_update_property() currently fails if the property doesn't
actually exist yet which isn't what we want. Change to add-or-update
instead of update-only, then we can remove a lot duplicated lines.
Suggested-by: Grant Likely <grant.likely@secretlab.ca>
Signed-off-by: Dong Aisheng <dong.aisheng@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Rob Herring <rob.herring@calxeda.com>
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cyrill Gorcunov reports that I broke the fdinfo files with commit
30a08bf2d3 ("proc: move fd symlink i_mode calculations into
tid_fd_revalidate()"), and he's quite right.
The tid_fd_revalidate() function is not just used for the <tid>/fd
symlinks, it's also used for the <tid>/fdinfo/<fd> files, and the
permission model for those are different.
So do the dynamic symlink permission handling just for symlinks, making
the fdinfo files once more appear as the proper regular files they are.
Of course, Al Viro argued (probably correctly) that we shouldn't do the
symlink permission games at all, and make the symlinks always just be
the normal 'lrwxrwxrwx'. That would have avoided this issue too, but
since somebody noticed that the permissions had changed (which was the
reason for that original commit 30a08bf2d3 in the first place), people
do apparently use this feature.
[ Basically, you can use the symlink permission data as a cheap "fdinfo"
replacement, since you see whether the file is open for reading and/or
writing by just looking at st_mode of the symlink. So the feature
does make sense, even if the pain it has caused means we probably
shouldn't have done it to begin with. ]
Reported-and-tested-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We would like to have an ability to restore command line arguments and
program environment pointers but first we need to obtain them somehow.
Thus we put these values into /proc/$pid/stat. The exit_code is needed to
restore zombie tasks.
Signed-off-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Cc: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Andrew Vagin <avagin@openvz.org>
Cc: Vasiliy Kulikov <segoon@openwall.com>
Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When we do checkpoint of a task we need to know the list of children the
task, has but there is no easy and fast way to generate reverse
parent->children chain from arbitrary <pid> (while a parent pid is
provided in "PPid" field of /proc/<pid>/status).
So instead of walking over all pids in the system (creating one big
process tree in memory, just to figure out which children a task has) --
we add explicit /proc/<pid>/task/<tid>/children entry, because the kernel
already has this kind of information but it is not yet exported.
This is a first level children, not the whole process tree.
Signed-off-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Reviewed-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Cc: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently, nonlinear mappings can not be distinguished from ordinary
mappings. This patch adds into /proc/pid/smaps line "Nonlinear: <size>
kB", where size is amount of nonlinear ptes in vma, this line appears only
if VM_NONLINEAR is set. This information may be useful not only for
checkpoint/restore project.
Requested by Pavel Emelyanov.
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently smaps reports migration entries as "swap", as result "swap" can
appears in shared mapping.
This patch converts migration entries into pages and handles them as usual.
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This is an implementation of Andrew's proposal to extend the pagemap file
bits to report what is missing about tasks' working set.
The problem with the working set detection is multilateral. In the criu
(checkpoint/restore) project we dump the tasks' memory into image files
and to do it properly we need to detect which pages inside mappings are
really in use. The mincore syscall I though could help with this did not.
First, it doesn't report swapped pages, thus we cannot find out which
parts of anonymous mappings to dump. Next, it does report pages from page
cache as present even if they are not mapped, and it doesn't make that has
not been cow-ed.
Note, that issue with swap pages is critical -- we must dump swap pages to
image file. But the issues with file pages are optimization -- we can
take all file pages to image, this would be correct, but if we know that a
page is not mapped or not cow-ed, we can remove them from dump file. The
dump would still be self-consistent, though significantly smaller in size
(up to 10 times smaller on real apps).
Andrew noticed, that the proc pagemap file solved 2 of 3 above issues --
it reports whether a page is present or swapped and it doesn't report not
mapped page cache pages. But, it doesn't distinguish cow-ed file pages
from not cow-ed.
I would like to make the last unused bit in this file to report whether the
page mapped into respective pte is PageAnon or not.
[comment stolen from Pavel Emelyanov's v1 patch]
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
- use int fpr priority and nice, since task_nice()/task_prio() return that
- field 24: get_mm_rss() returns unsigned long
Signed-off-by: Jan Engelhardt <jengelh@medozas.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pass "fd" directly, not via pointer -- one less memory read.
Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
rcu_read_lock()/rcu_read_unlock() is nop for TINY_RCU, but is not a nop
for, say, PREEMPT_RCU.
proc_fill_cache() is called without RCU lock, there is no need to
lock/unlock on error path, simply jump out of the loop.
Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
mm_for_maps() is a simple wrapper for mm_access(), and the name is
misleading, so just remove it and use mm_access() directly.
Signed-off-by: Cong Wang <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Similar to e268337dfe ("proc: clean up and fix /proc/<pid>/mem
handling"), move the check of permission to open(), this will simplify
read() code.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: checkpatch fixes]
Signed-off-by: Cong Wang <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The oom_score_adj scale ranges from -1000 to 1000 and represents the
proportion of memory available to the process at allocation time. This
means an oom_score_adj value of 300, for example, will bias a process as
though it was using an extra 30.0% of available memory and a value of
-350 will discount 35.0% of available memory from its usage.
The oom killer badness heuristic also uses this scale to report the oom
score for each eligible process in determining the "best" process to
kill. Thus, it can only differentiate each process's memory usage by
0.1% of system RAM.
On large systems, this can end up being a large amount of memory: 256MB
on 256GB systems, for example.
This can be fixed by having the badness heuristic to use the actual
memory usage in scoring threads and then normalizing it to the
oom_score_adj scale for userspace. This results in better comparison
between eligible threads for kill and no change from the userspace
perspective.
Suggested-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Tested-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
A missing validation of the value returned by find_vma() could cause a
NULL ptr dereference when walking the pagetable.
This is triggerable from usermode by a simple user by trying to read a
page info out of /proc/pid/pagemap which doesn't exist.
Introduced by commit 025c5b2451 ("thp: optimize away unnecessary page
table locking").
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <levinsasha928@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [3.4.x]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Merge tag 'writeback' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/wfg/linux
Pull writeback tree from Wu Fengguang:
"Mainly from Jan Kara to avoid iput() in the flusher threads."
* tag 'writeback' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/wfg/linux:
writeback: Avoid iput() from flusher thread
vfs: Rename end_writeback() to clear_inode()
vfs: Move waiting for inode writeback from end_writeback() to evict_inode()
writeback: Refactor writeback_single_inode()
writeback: Remove wb->list_lock from writeback_single_inode()
writeback: Separate inode requeueing after writeback
writeback: Move I_DIRTY_PAGES handling
writeback: Move requeueing when I_SYNC set to writeback_sb_inodes()
writeback: Move clearing of I_SYNC into inode_sync_complete()
writeback: initialize global_dirty_limit
fs: remove 8 bytes of padding from struct writeback_control on 64 bit builds
mm: page-writeback.c: local functions should not be exposed globally
Pull user namespace enhancements from Eric Biederman:
"This is a course correction for the user namespace, so that we can
reach an inexpensive, maintainable, and reasonably complete
implementation.
Highlights:
- Config guards make it impossible to enable the user namespace and
code that has not been converted to be user namespace safe.
- Use of the new kuid_t type ensures the if you somehow get past the
config guards the kernel will encounter type errors if you enable
user namespaces and attempt to compile in code whose permission
checks have not been updated to be user namespace safe.
- All uids from child user namespaces are mapped into the initial
user namespace before they are processed. Removing the need to add
an additional check to see if the user namespace of the compared
uids remains the same.
- With the user namespaces compiled out the performance is as good or
better than it is today.
- For most operations absolutely nothing changes performance or
operationally with the user namespace enabled.
- The worst case performance I could come up with was timing 1
billion cache cold stat operations with the user namespace code
enabled. This went from 156s to 164s on my laptop (or 156ns to
164ns per stat operation).
- (uid_t)-1 and (gid_t)-1 are reserved as an internal error value.
Most uid/gid setting system calls treat these value specially
anyway so attempting to use -1 as a uid would likely cause
entertaining failures in userspace.
- If setuid is called with a uid that can not be mapped setuid fails.
I have looked at sendmail, login, ssh and every other program I
could think of that would call setuid and they all check for and
handle the case where setuid fails.
- If stat or a similar system call is called from a context in which
we can not map a uid we lie and return overflowuid. The LFS
experience suggests not lying and returning an error code might be
better, but the historical precedent with uids is different and I
can not think of anything that would break by lying about a uid we
can't map.
- Capabilities are localized to the current user namespace making it
safe to give the initial user in a user namespace all capabilities.
My git tree covers all of the modifications needed to convert the core
kernel and enough changes to make a system bootable to runlevel 1."
Fix up trivial conflicts due to nearby independent changes in fs/stat.c
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ebiederm/user-namespace: (46 commits)
userns: Silence silly gcc warning.
cred: use correct cred accessor with regards to rcu read lock
userns: Convert the move_pages, and migrate_pages permission checks to use uid_eq
userns: Convert cgroup permission checks to use uid_eq
userns: Convert tmpfs to use kuid and kgid where appropriate
userns: Convert sysfs to use kgid/kuid where appropriate
userns: Convert sysctl permission checks to use kuid and kgids.
userns: Convert proc to use kuid/kgid where appropriate
userns: Convert ext4 to user kuid/kgid where appropriate
userns: Convert ext3 to use kuid/kgid where appropriate
userns: Convert ext2 to use kuid/kgid where appropriate.
userns: Convert devpts to use kuid/kgid where appropriate
userns: Convert binary formats to use kuid/kgid where appropriate
userns: Add negative depends on entries to avoid building code that is userns unsafe
userns: signal remove unnecessary map_cred_ns
userns: Teach inode_capable to understand inodes whose uids map to other namespaces.
userns: Fail exec for suid and sgid binaries with ids outside our user namespace.
userns: Convert stat to return values mapped from kuids and kgids
userns: Convert user specfied uids and gids in chown into kuids and kgid
userns: Use uid_eq gid_eq helpers when comparing kuids and kgids in the vfs
...
Merge misc fixes from Andrew Morton.
* emailed from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (4 patches)
frv: delete incorrect task prototypes causing compile fail
slub: missing test for partial pages flush work in flush_all()
fs, proc: fix ABBA deadlock in case of execution attempt of map_files/ entries
drivers/rtc/rtc-pl031.c: configure correct wday for 2000-01-01
Instead of doing the i_mode calculations at proc_fd_instantiate() time,
move them into tid_fd_revalidate(), which is where the other inode state
(notably uid/gid information) is updated too.
Otherwise we'll end up with stale i_mode information if an fd is re-used
while the dentry still hangs around. Not that anything really *cares*
(symlink permissions don't really matter), but Tetsuo Handa noticed that
the owner read/write bits don't always match the state of the
readability of the file descriptor, and we _used_ to get this right a
long time ago in a galaxy far, far away.
Besides, aside from fixing an ugly detail (that has apparently been this
way since commit 61a28784028e: "proc: Remove the hard coded inode
numbers" in 2006), this removes more lines of code than it adds. And it
just makes sense to update i_mode in the same place we update i_uid/gid.
Al Viro correctly points out that we could just do the inode fill in the
inode iops ->getattr() function instead. However, that does require
somewhat slightly more invasive changes, and adds yet *another* lookup
of the file descriptor. We need to do the revalidate() for other
reasons anyway, and have the file descriptor handy, so we might as well
fill in the information at this point.
Reported-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@i-love.sakura.ne.jp>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Acked-by: Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
map_files/ entries are never supposed to be executed, still curious
minds might try to run them, which leads to the following deadlock
======================================================
[ INFO: possible circular locking dependency detected ]
3.4.0-rc4-24406-g841e6a6 #121 Not tainted
-------------------------------------------------------
bash/1556 is trying to acquire lock:
(&sb->s_type->i_mutex_key#8){+.+.+.}, at: do_lookup+0x267/0x2b1
but task is already holding lock:
(&sig->cred_guard_mutex){+.+.+.}, at: prepare_bprm_creds+0x2d/0x69
which lock already depends on the new lock.
the existing dependency chain (in reverse order) is:
-> #1 (&sig->cred_guard_mutex){+.+.+.}:
validate_chain+0x444/0x4f4
__lock_acquire+0x387/0x3f8
lock_acquire+0x12b/0x158
__mutex_lock_common+0x56/0x3a9
mutex_lock_killable_nested+0x40/0x45
lock_trace+0x24/0x59
proc_map_files_lookup+0x5a/0x165
__lookup_hash+0x52/0x73
do_lookup+0x276/0x2b1
walk_component+0x3d/0x114
do_last+0xfc/0x540
path_openat+0xd3/0x306
do_filp_open+0x3d/0x89
do_sys_open+0x74/0x106
sys_open+0x21/0x23
tracesys+0xdd/0xe2
-> #0 (&sb->s_type->i_mutex_key#8){+.+.+.}:
check_prev_add+0x6a/0x1ef
validate_chain+0x444/0x4f4
__lock_acquire+0x387/0x3f8
lock_acquire+0x12b/0x158
__mutex_lock_common+0x56/0x3a9
mutex_lock_nested+0x40/0x45
do_lookup+0x267/0x2b1
walk_component+0x3d/0x114
link_path_walk+0x1f9/0x48f
path_openat+0xb6/0x306
do_filp_open+0x3d/0x89
open_exec+0x25/0xa0
do_execve_common+0xea/0x2f9
do_execve+0x43/0x45
sys_execve+0x43/0x5a
stub_execve+0x6c/0xc0
This is because prepare_bprm_creds grabs task->signal->cred_guard_mutex
and when do_lookup happens we try to grab task->signal->cred_guard_mutex
again in lock_trace.
Fix it using plain ptrace_may_access() helper in proc_map_files_lookup()
and in proc_map_files_readdir() instead of lock_trace(), the caller must
be CAP_SYS_ADMIN granted anyway.
Signed-off-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Reported-by: Sasha Levin <levinsasha928@gmail.com>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Cc: Vasiliy Kulikov <segoon@openwall.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Reset the current pagemap-entry if the current pte isn't present, or if
current vma is over. Otherwise pagemap reports last entry again and
again.
Non-present pte reporting was broken in commit 092b50bacd ("pagemap:
introduce data structure for pagemap entry")
Reporting for holes was broken in commit 5aaabe831e ("pagemap: avoid
splitting thp when reading /proc/pid/pagemap")
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Reported-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
After we moved inode_sync_wait() from end_writeback() it doesn't make sense
to call the function end_writeback() anymore. Rename it to clear_inode()
which well says what the function really does - set I_CLEAR flag.
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
As a first step to converting struct cred to be all kuid_t and kgid_t
values convert the group values stored in group_info to always be
kgid_t values. Unless user namespaces are used this change should
have no effect.
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
- Convert the old uid mapping functions into compatibility wrappers
- Add a uid/gid mapping layer from user space uid and gids to kernel
internal uids and gids that is extent based for simplicty and speed.
* Working with number space after mapping uids/gids into their kernel
internal version adds only mapping complexity over what we have today,
leaving the kernel code easy to understand and test.
- Add proc files /proc/self/uid_map /proc/self/gid_map
These files display the mapping and allow a mapping to be added
if a mapping does not exist.
- Allow entering the user namespace without a uid or gid mapping.
Since we are starting with an existing user our uids and gids
still have global mappings so are still valid and useful they just don't
have local mappings. The requirement for things to work are global uid
and gid so it is odd but perfectly fine not to have a local uid
and gid mapping.
Not requiring global uid and gid mappings greatly simplifies
the logic of setting up the uid and gid mappings by allowing
the mappings to be set after the namespace is created which makes the
slight weirdness worth it.
- Make the mappings in the initial user namespace to the global
uid/gid space explicit. Today it is an identity mapping
but in the future we may want to twist this for debugging, similar
to what we do with jiffies.
- Document the memory ordering requirements of setting the uid and
gid mappings. We only allow the mappings to be set once
and there are no pointers involved so the requirments are
trivial but a little atypical.
Performance:
In this scheme for the permission checks the performance is expected to
stay the same as the actuall machine instructions should remain the same.
The worst case I could think of is ls -l on a large directory where
all of the stat results need to be translated with from kuids and
kgids to uids and gids. So I benchmarked that case on my laptop
with a dual core hyperthread Intel i5-2520M cpu with 3M of cpu cache.
My benchmark consisted of going to single user mode where nothing else
was running. On an ext4 filesystem opening 1,000,000 files and looping
through all of the files 1000 times and calling fstat on the
individuals files. This was to ensure I was benchmarking stat times
where the inodes were in the kernels cache, but the inode values were
not in the processors cache. My results:
v3.4-rc1: ~= 156ns (unmodified v3.4-rc1 with user namespace support disabled)
v3.4-rc1-userns-: ~= 155ns (v3.4-rc1 with my user namespace patches and user namespace support disabled)
v3.4-rc1-userns+: ~= 164ns (v3.4-rc1 with my user namespace patches and user namespace support enabled)
All of the configurations ran in roughly 120ns when I performed tests
that ran in the cpu cache.
So in summary the performance impact is:
1ns improvement in the worst case with user namespace support compiled out.
8ns aka 5% slowdown in the worst case with user namespace support compiled in.
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Revert commit 85e72aa538 ("proc: clear_refs: do not clear reserved
pages"), which was a quick fix suitable for -stable until ARM had been
moved over to the gate_vma mechanism:
https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/1/14/55
With commit f9d4861f ("ARM: 7294/1: vectors: use gate_vma for vectors user
mapping"), ARM does now use the gate_vma, so the PageReserved check can be
removed from the proc code.
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Nicolas Pitre <nico@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull timer fixes from Thomas Gleixner:
"The itimer removal one is not strictly a fix, but I really wanted to
avoid a rebase of the urgent ones."
* 'timers-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
Revert "clocksource: Load the ACPI PM clocksource asynchronously"
clockevents: tTack broadcast device mode change in tick_broadcast_switch_to_oneshot()
itimer: Use printk_once instead of WARN_ONCE
nohz: Fix stale jiffies update in tick_nohz_restart()
tick: Document TICK_ONESHOT config option
proc: stats: Use arch_idle_time for idle and iowait times if available
itimer: Schedule silent NULL pointer fixup in setitimer() for removal
Merge batch of fixes from Andrew Morton:
"The simple_open() cleanup was held back while I wanted for laggards to
merge things.
I still need to send a few checkpoint/restore patches. I've been
wobbly about merging them because I'm wobbly about the overall
prospects for success of the project. But after speaking with Pavel
at the LSF conference, it sounds like they're further toward
completion than I feared - apparently davem is at the "has stopped
complaining" stage regarding the net changes. So I need to go back
and re-review those patchs and their (lengthy) discussion."
* emailed from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (16 patches)
memcg swap: use mem_cgroup_uncharge_swap fix
backlight: add driver for DA9052/53 PMIC v1
C6X: use set_current_blocked() and block_sigmask()
MAINTAINERS: add entry for sparse checker
MAINTAINERS: fix REMOTEPROC F: typo
alpha: use set_current_blocked() and block_sigmask()
simple_open: automatically convert to simple_open()
scripts/coccinelle/api/simple_open.cocci: semantic patch for simple_open()
libfs: add simple_open()
hugetlbfs: remove unregister_filesystem() when initializing module
drivers/rtc/rtc-88pm860x.c: fix rtc irq enable callback
fs/xattr.c:setxattr(): improve handling of allocation failures
fs/xattr.c:listxattr(): fall back to vmalloc() if kmalloc() failed
fs/xattr.c: suppress page allocation failure warnings from sys_listxattr()
sysrq: use SEND_SIG_FORCED instead of force_sig()
proc: fix mount -t proc -o AAA
The proc_parse_options() call from proc_mount() runs only once at boot
time. So on any later mount attempt, any mount options are ignored
because ->s_root is already initialized.
As a consequence, "mount -o <options>" will ignore the options. The
only way to change mount options is "mount -o remount,<options>".
To fix this, parse the mount options unconditionally.
Signed-off-by: Vasiliy Kulikov <segoon@openwall.com>
Reported-by: Arkadiusz Miskiewicz <a.miskiewicz@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Arkadiusz Miskiewicz <a.miskiewicz@gmail.com>
Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Valdis Kletnieks <Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Git commit a25cac5198 "proc: Consider NO_HZ when printing idle and
iowait times" changes the code for /proc/stat to use get_cpu_idle_time_us
and get_cpu_iowait_time_us if the system is running with nohz enabled.
For architectures which define arch_idle_time (currently s390 only)
this is a change for the worse. The result of arch_idle_time is supposed
to be the exact sleep time of the target cpu and should be used instead
of the value kept by the scheduler.
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Srivatsa S. Bhat <srivatsa.bhat@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20120330122308.18720283@de.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Pull x32 support for x86-64 from Ingo Molnar:
"This tree introduces the X32 binary format and execution mode for x86:
32-bit data space binaries using 64-bit instructions and 64-bit kernel
syscalls.
This allows applications whose working set fits into a 32 bits address
space to make use of 64-bit instructions while using a 32-bit address
space with shorter pointers, more compressed data structures, etc."
Fix up trivial context conflicts in arch/x86/{Kconfig,vdso/vma.c}
* 'x86-x32-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (71 commits)
x32: Fix alignment fail in struct compat_siginfo
x32: Fix stupid ia32/x32 inversion in the siginfo format
x32: Add ptrace for x32
x32: Switch to a 64-bit clock_t
x32: Provide separate is_ia32_task() and is_x32_task() predicates
x86, mtrr: Use explicit sizing and padding for the 64-bit ioctls
x86/x32: Fix the binutils auto-detect
x32: Warn and disable rather than error if binutils too old
x32: Only clear TIF_X32 flag once
x32: Make sure TS_COMPAT is cleared for x32 tasks
fs: Remove missed ->fds_bits from cessation use of fd_set structs internally
fs: Fix close_on_exec pointer in alloc_fdtable
x32: Drop non-__vdso weak symbols from the x32 VDSO
x32: Fix coding style violations in the x32 VDSO code
x32: Add x32 VDSO support
x32: Allow x32 to be configured
x32: If configured, add x32 system calls to system call tables
x32: Handle process creation
x32: Signal-related system calls
x86: Add #ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT to <asm/sys_ia32.h>
...
Single fix for a commit from the first batch of patches through Andrew.
* emailed from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>:
pagemap: remove remaining unneeded spin_lock()
Commit 025c5b2451 ("thp: optimize away unnecessary page table
locking") moves spin_lock() into pmd_trans_huge_lock() in order to avoid
locking unless pmd is for thp. So this spin_lock() is a bug.
Reported-by: Sasha Levin <levinsasha928@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Merge third batch of patches from Andrew Morton:
- Some MM stragglers
- core SMP library cleanups (on_each_cpu_mask)
- Some IPI optimisations
- kexec
- kdump
- IPMI
- the radix-tree iterator work
- various other misc bits.
"That'll do for -rc1. I still have ~10 patches for 3.4, will send
those along when they've baked a little more."
* emailed from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (35 commits)
backlight: fix typo in tosa_lcd.c
crc32: add help text for the algorithm select option
mm: move hugepage test examples to tools/testing/selftests/vm
mm: move slabinfo.c to tools/vm
mm: move page-types.c from Documentation to tools/vm
selftests/Makefile: make `run_tests' depend on `all'
selftests: launch individual selftests from the main Makefile
radix-tree: use iterators in find_get_pages* functions
radix-tree: rewrite gang lookup using iterator
radix-tree: introduce bit-optimized iterator
fs/proc/namespaces.c: prevent crash when ns_entries[] is empty
nbd: rename the nbd_device variable from lo to nbd
pidns: add reboot_pid_ns() to handle the reboot syscall
sysctl: use bitmap library functions
ipmi: use locks on watchdog timeout set on reboot
ipmi: simplify locking
ipmi: fix message handling during panics
ipmi: use a tasklet for handling received messages
ipmi: increase KCS timeouts
ipmi: decrease the IPMI message transaction time in interrupt mode
...
If CONFIG_NET_NS, CONFIG_UTS_NS and CONFIG_IPC_NS are disabled,
ns_entries[] becomes empty and things like
ns_entries[ARRAY_SIZE(ns_entries) - 1] will explode.
Reported-by: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Daniel Lezcano <daniel.lezcano@free.fr>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
pmd_trans_unstable() should be called before pmd_offset_map() in the
locations where the mmap_sem is held for reading.
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Larry Woodman <lwoodman@redhat.com>
Cc: Ulrich Obergfell <uobergfe@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Mark Salter <msalter@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Merge tag 'split-asm_system_h-for-linus-20120328' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/dhowells/linux-asm_system
Pull "Disintegrate and delete asm/system.h" from David Howells:
"Here are a bunch of patches to disintegrate asm/system.h into a set of
separate bits to relieve the problem of circular inclusion
dependencies.
I've built all the working defconfigs from all the arches that I can
and made sure that they don't break.
The reason for these patches is that I recently encountered a circular
dependency problem that came about when I produced some patches to
optimise get_order() by rewriting it to use ilog2().
This uses bitops - and on the SH arch asm/bitops.h drags in
asm-generic/get_order.h by a circuituous route involving asm/system.h.
The main difficulty seems to be asm/system.h. It holds a number of
low level bits with no/few dependencies that are commonly used (eg.
memory barriers) and a number of bits with more dependencies that
aren't used in many places (eg. switch_to()).
These patches break asm/system.h up into the following core pieces:
(1) asm/barrier.h
Move memory barriers here. This already done for MIPS and Alpha.
(2) asm/switch_to.h
Move switch_to() and related stuff here.
(3) asm/exec.h
Move arch_align_stack() here. Other process execution related bits
could perhaps go here from asm/processor.h.
(4) asm/cmpxchg.h
Move xchg() and cmpxchg() here as they're full word atomic ops and
frequently used by atomic_xchg() and atomic_cmpxchg().
(5) asm/bug.h
Move die() and related bits.
(6) asm/auxvec.h
Move AT_VECTOR_SIZE_ARCH here.
Other arch headers are created as needed on a per-arch basis."
Fixed up some conflicts from other header file cleanups and moving code
around that has happened in the meantime, so David's testing is somewhat
weakened by that. We'll find out anything that got broken and fix it..
* tag 'split-asm_system_h-for-linus-20120328' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/dhowells/linux-asm_system: (38 commits)
Delete all instances of asm/system.h
Remove all #inclusions of asm/system.h
Add #includes needed to permit the removal of asm/system.h
Move all declarations of free_initmem() to linux/mm.h
Disintegrate asm/system.h for OpenRISC
Split arch_align_stack() out from asm-generic/system.h
Split the switch_to() wrapper out of asm-generic/system.h
Move the asm-generic/system.h xchg() implementation to asm-generic/cmpxchg.h
Create asm-generic/barrier.h
Make asm-generic/cmpxchg.h #include asm-generic/cmpxchg-local.h
Disintegrate asm/system.h for Xtensa
Disintegrate asm/system.h for Unicore32 [based on ver #3, changed by gxt]
Disintegrate asm/system.h for Tile
Disintegrate asm/system.h for Sparc
Disintegrate asm/system.h for SH
Disintegrate asm/system.h for Score
Disintegrate asm/system.h for S390
Disintegrate asm/system.h for PowerPC
Disintegrate asm/system.h for PA-RISC
Disintegrate asm/system.h for MN10300
...
Remove all #inclusions of asm/system.h preparatory to splitting and killing
it. Performed with the following command:
perl -p -i -e 's!^#\s*include\s*<asm/system[.]h>.*\n!!' `grep -Irl '^#\s*include\s*<asm/system[.]h>' *`
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Pull sysctl updates from Eric Biederman:
- Rewrite of sysctl for speed and clarity.
Insert/remove/Lookup in sysctl are all now O(NlogN) operations, and
are no longer bottlenecks in the process of adding and removing
network devices.
sysctl is now focused on being a filesystem instead of system call
and the code can all be found in fs/proc/proc_sysctl.c. Hopefully
this means the code is now approachable.
Much thanks is owed to Lucian Grinjincu for keeping at this until
something was found that was usable.
- The recent proc_sys_poll oops found by the fuzzer during hibernation
is fixed.
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ebiederm/sysctl: (36 commits)
sysctl: protect poll() in entries that may go away
sysctl: Don't call sysctl_follow_link unless we are a link.
sysctl: Comments to make the code clearer.
sysctl: Correct error return from get_subdir
sysctl: An easier to read version of find_subdir
sysctl: fix memset parameters in setup_sysctl_set()
sysctl: remove an unused variable
sysctl: Add register_sysctl for normal sysctl users
sysctl: Index sysctl directories with rbtrees.
sysctl: Make the header lists per directory.
sysctl: Move sysctl_check_dups into insert_header
sysctl: Modify __register_sysctl_paths to take a set instead of a root and an nsproxy
sysctl: Replace root_list with links between sysctl_table_sets.
sysctl: Add sysctl_print_dir and use it in get_subdir
sysctl: Stop requiring explicit management of sysctl directories
sysctl: Add a root pointer to ctl_table_set
sysctl: Rewrite proc_sys_readdir in terms of first_entry and next_entry
sysctl: Rewrite proc_sys_lookup introducing find_entry and lookup_entry.
sysctl: Normalize the root_table data structure.
sysctl: Factor out insert_header and erase_header
...
The namespace cleanup path leaks a dentry which holds a reference count
on a network namespace. Keeping that network namespace from being freed
when the last user goes away. Leaving things like vlan devices in the
leaked network namespace.
If you use ip netns add for much real work this problem becomes apparent
pretty quickly. It light testing the problem hides because frequently
you simply don't notice the leak.
Use d_set_d_op() so that DCACHE_OP_* flags are set correctly.
This issue exists back to 3.0.
Acked-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Reported-by: Justin Pettit <jpettit@nicira.com>
Signed-off-by: Pravin B Shelar <pshelar@nicira.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Gross <jesse@nicira.com>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Process accounting applications as top, ps visit some files under
/proc/<pid>. With seq_put_decimal_ull(), we can optimize /proc/<pid>/stat
and /proc/<pid>/statm files.
This patch adds
- seq_put_decimal_ll() for signed values.
- allow delimiter == 0.
- convert seq_printf() to seq_put_decimal_ull/ll in /proc/stat, statm.
Test result on a system with 2000+ procs.
Before patch:
[kamezawa@bluextal test]$ top -b -n 1 | wc -l
2223
[kamezawa@bluextal test]$ time top -b -n 1 > /dev/null
real 0m0.675s
user 0m0.044s
sys 0m0.121s
[kamezawa@bluextal test]$ time ps -elf > /dev/null
real 0m0.236s
user 0m0.056s
sys 0m0.176s
After patch:
kamezawa@bluextal ~]$ time top -b -n 1 > /dev/null
real 0m0.657s
user 0m0.052s
sys 0m0.100s
[kamezawa@bluextal ~]$ time ps -elf > /dev/null
real 0m0.198s
user 0m0.050s
sys 0m0.145s
Considering top, ps tend to scan /proc periodically, this will reduce cpu
consumption by top/ps to some extent.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: checkpatch fixes]
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
== stat_check.py
num = 0
with open("/proc/stat") as f:
while num < 1000 :
data = f.read()
f.seek(0, 0)
num = num + 1
==
perf shows
20.39% stat_check.py [kernel.kallsyms] [k] format_decode
13.41% stat_check.py [kernel.kallsyms] [k] number
12.61% stat_check.py [kernel.kallsyms] [k] vsnprintf
10.85% stat_check.py [kernel.kallsyms] [k] memcpy
4.85% stat_check.py [kernel.kallsyms] [k] radix_tree_lookup
4.43% stat_check.py [kernel.kallsyms] [k] seq_printf
This patch removes most of calls to vsnprintf() by adding num_to_str()
and seq_print_decimal_ull(), which prints decimal numbers without rich
functions provided by printf().
On my 8cpu box.
== Before patch ==
[root@bluextal test]# time ./stat_check.py
real 0m0.150s
user 0m0.026s
sys 0m0.121s
== After patch ==
[root@bluextal test]# time ./stat_check.py
real 0m0.055s
user 0m0.022s
sys 0m0.030s
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: remove incorrect comment, use less statck in num_to_str(), move comment from .h to .c, simplify seq_put_decimal_ull()]
[andrea@betterlinux.com: avoid breaking the ABI in /proc/stat]
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Righi <andrea@betterlinux.com>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Cc: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Paul Turner <pjt@google.com>
Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
On a typical 16 cpus machine, "cat /proc/stat" gives more than 4096 bytes,
and is slow :
# strace -T -o /tmp/STRACE cat /proc/stat | wc -c
5826
# grep "cpu " /tmp/STRACE
read(0, "cpu 1949310 19 2144714 12117253"..., 32768) = 5826 <0.001504>
Thats partly because show_stat() must be called twice since initial
buffer size is too small (4096 bytes for less than 32 possible cpus)
Fix this by :
1) Taking into account nr_irqs in the initial buffer sizing.
2) Using ksize() to allow better filling of initial buffer.
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Cc: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Cc: Russell King - ARM Linux <linux@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Paul Turner <pjt@google.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
get_sparsemem_vmemmap_info() is only used inside fs/proc/kcore.c
Signed-off-by: Djalal Harouni <tixxdz@opendz.org>
Reviewed-by: WANG Cong <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Protect code accessing ctl_table by grabbing the header with grab_header()
and after releasing with sysctl_head_finish(). This is needed if poll()
is called in entries created by modules: currently only hostname and
domainname support poll(), but this bug may be triggered when/if modules
use it and if user called poll() in a file that doesn't support it.
Dave Jones reported the following when using a syscall fuzzer while
hibernating/resuming:
RIP: 0010:[<ffffffff81233e3e>] [<ffffffff81233e3e>] proc_sys_poll+0x4e/0x90
RAX: 0000000000000145 RBX: ffff88020cab6940 RCX: 0000000000000000
RDX: ffffffff81233df0 RSI: 6b6b6b6b6b6b6b6b RDI: ffff88020cab6940
[ ... ]
Code: 00 48 89 fb 48 89 f1 48 8b 40 30 4c 8b 60 e8 b8 45 01 00 00 49 83
7c 24 28 00 74 2e 49 8b 74 24 30 48 85 f6 74 24 48 85 c9 75 32 <8b> 16
b8 45 01 00 00 48 63 d2 49 39 d5 74 10 8b 06 48 98 48 89
If an entry goes away while we are polling() it, ctl_table may not exist
anymore.
Reported-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Lucas De Marchi <lucas.demarchi@profusion.mobi>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Merge first batch of patches from Andrew Morton:
"A few misc things and all the MM queue"
* emailed from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (92 commits)
memcg: avoid THP split in task migration
thp: add HPAGE_PMD_* definitions for !CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
memcg: clean up existing move charge code
mm/memcontrol.c: remove unnecessary 'break' in mem_cgroup_read()
mm/memcontrol.c: remove redundant BUG_ON() in mem_cgroup_usage_unregister_event()
mm/memcontrol.c: s/stealed/stolen/
memcg: fix performance of mem_cgroup_begin_update_page_stat()
memcg: remove PCG_FILE_MAPPED
memcg: use new logic for page stat accounting
memcg: remove PCG_MOVE_LOCK flag from page_cgroup
memcg: simplify move_account() check
memcg: remove EXPORT_SYMBOL(mem_cgroup_update_page_stat)
memcg: kill dead prev_priority stubs
memcg: remove PCG_CACHE page_cgroup flag
memcg: let css_get_next() rely upon rcu_read_lock()
cgroup: revert ss_id_lock to spinlock
idr: make idr_get_next() good for rcu_read_lock()
memcg: remove unnecessary thp check in page stat accounting
memcg: remove redundant returns
memcg: enum lru_list lru
...
Pull powerpc merge from Benjamin Herrenschmidt:
"Here's the powerpc batch for this merge window. It is going to be a
bit more nasty than usual as in touching things outside of
arch/powerpc mostly due to the big iSeriesectomy :-) We finally got
rid of the bugger (legacy iSeries support) which was a PITA to
maintain and that nobody really used anymore.
Here are some of the highlights:
- Legacy iSeries is gone. Thanks Stephen ! There's still some bits
and pieces remaining if you do a grep -ir series arch/powerpc but
they are harmless and will be removed in the next few weeks
hopefully.
- The 'fadump' functionality (Firmware Assisted Dump) replaces the
previous (equivalent) "pHyp assisted dump"... it's a rewrite of a
mechanism to get the hypervisor to do crash dumps on pSeries, the
new implementation hopefully being much more reliable. Thanks
Mahesh Salgaonkar.
- The "EEH" code (pSeries PCI error handling & recovery) got a big
spring cleaning, motivated by the need to be able to implement a
new backend for it on top of some new different type of firwmare.
The work isn't complete yet, but a good chunk of the cleanups is
there. Note that this adds a field to struct device_node which is
not very nice and which Grant objects to. I will have a patch soon
that moves that to a powerpc private data structure (hopefully
before rc1) and we'll improve things further later on (hopefully
getting rid of the need for that pointer completely). Thanks Gavin
Shan.
- I dug into our exception & interrupt handling code to improve the
way we do lazy interrupt handling (and make it work properly with
"edge" triggered interrupt sources), and while at it found & fixed
a wagon of issues in those areas, including adding support for page
fault retry & fatal signals on page faults.
- Your usual random batch of small fixes & updates, including a bunch
of new embedded boards, both Freescale and APM based ones, etc..."
I fixed up some conflicts with the generalized irq-domain changes from
Grant Likely, hopefully correctly.
* 'next' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/benh/powerpc: (141 commits)
powerpc/ps3: Do not adjust the wrapper load address
powerpc: Remove the rest of the legacy iSeries include files
powerpc: Remove the remaining CONFIG_PPC_ISERIES pieces
init: Remove CONFIG_PPC_ISERIES
powerpc: Remove FW_FEATURE ISERIES from arch code
tty/hvc_vio: FW_FEATURE_ISERIES is no longer selectable
powerpc/spufs: Fix double unlocks
powerpc/5200: convert mpc5200 to use of_platform_populate()
powerpc/mpc5200: add options to mpc5200_defconfig
powerpc/mpc52xx: add a4m072 board support
powerpc/mpc5200: update mpc5200_defconfig to fit for charon board
Documentation/powerpc/mpc52xx.txt: Checkpatch cleanup
powerpc/44x: Add additional device support for APM821xx SoC and Bluestone board
powerpc/44x: Add support PCI-E for APM821xx SoC and Bluestone board
MAINTAINERS: Update PowerPC 4xx tree
powerpc/44x: The bug fixed support for APM821xx SoC and Bluestone board
powerpc: document the FSL MPIC message register binding
powerpc: add support for MPIC message register API
powerpc/fsl: Added aliased MSIIR register address to MSI node in dts
powerpc/85xx: mpc8548cds - add 36-bit dts
...
Currently a local variable of pagemap entry in pagemap_pte_range() is
named pfn and typed with u64, but it's not correct (pfn should be unsigned
long.)
This patch introduces special type for pagemap entries and replaces code
with it.
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This flag shows that a given page is a subpage of a transparent hugepage.
It helps us debug and test the kernel by showing physical address of thp.
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Reviewed-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently when we check if we can handle thp as it is or we need to split
it into regular sized pages, we hold page table lock prior to check
whether a given pmd is mapping thp or not. Because of this, when it's not
"huge pmd" we suffer from unnecessary lock/unlock overhead. To remove it,
this patch introduces a optimized check function and replace several
similar logics with it.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: checkpatch fixes]
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Thp split is not necessary if we explicitly check whether pmds are mapping
thps or not. This patch introduces this check and adds code to generate
pagemap entries for pmds mapping thps, which results in less performance
impact of pagemap on thp.
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Reviewed-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In some cases it may happen that pmd_none_or_clear_bad() is called with
the mmap_sem hold in read mode. In those cases the huge page faults can
allocate hugepmds under pmd_none_or_clear_bad() and that can trigger a
false positive from pmd_bad() that will not like to see a pmd
materializing as trans huge.
It's not khugepaged causing the problem, khugepaged holds the mmap_sem
in write mode (and all those sites must hold the mmap_sem in read mode
to prevent pagetables to go away from under them, during code review it
seems vm86 mode on 32bit kernels requires that too unless it's
restricted to 1 thread per process or UP builds). The race is only with
the huge pagefaults that can convert a pmd_none() into a
pmd_trans_huge().
Effectively all these pmd_none_or_clear_bad() sites running with
mmap_sem in read mode are somewhat speculative with the page faults, and
the result is always undefined when they run simultaneously. This is
probably why it wasn't common to run into this. For example if the
madvise(MADV_DONTNEED) runs zap_page_range() shortly before the page
fault, the hugepage will not be zapped, if the page fault runs first it
will be zapped.
Altering pmd_bad() not to error out if it finds hugepmds won't be enough
to fix this, because zap_pmd_range would then proceed to call
zap_pte_range (which would be incorrect if the pmd become a
pmd_trans_huge()).
The simplest way to fix this is to read the pmd in the local stack
(regardless of what we read, no need of actual CPU barriers, only
compiler barrier needed), and be sure it is not changing under the code
that computes its value. Even if the real pmd is changing under the
value we hold on the stack, we don't care. If we actually end up in
zap_pte_range it means the pmd was not none already and it was not huge,
and it can't become huge from under us (khugepaged locking explained
above).
All we need is to enforce that there is no way anymore that in a code
path like below, pmd_trans_huge can be false, but pmd_none_or_clear_bad
can run into a hugepmd. The overhead of a barrier() is just a compiler
tweak and should not be measurable (I only added it for THP builds). I
don't exclude different compiler versions may have prevented the race
too by caching the value of *pmd on the stack (that hasn't been
verified, but it wouldn't be impossible considering
pmd_none_or_clear_bad, pmd_bad, pmd_trans_huge, pmd_none are all inlines
and there's no external function called in between pmd_trans_huge and
pmd_none_or_clear_bad).
if (pmd_trans_huge(*pmd)) {
if (next-addr != HPAGE_PMD_SIZE) {
VM_BUG_ON(!rwsem_is_locked(&tlb->mm->mmap_sem));
split_huge_page_pmd(vma->vm_mm, pmd);
} else if (zap_huge_pmd(tlb, vma, pmd, addr))
continue;
/* fall through */
}
if (pmd_none_or_clear_bad(pmd))
Because this race condition could be exercised without special
privileges this was reported in CVE-2012-1179.
The race was identified and fully explained by Ulrich who debugged it.
I'm quoting his accurate explanation below, for reference.
====== start quote =======
mapcount 0 page_mapcount 1
kernel BUG at mm/huge_memory.c:1384!
At some point prior to the panic, a "bad pmd ..." message similar to the
following is logged on the console:
mm/memory.c:145: bad pmd ffff8800376e1f98(80000000314000e7).
The "bad pmd ..." message is logged by pmd_clear_bad() before it clears
the page's PMD table entry.
143 void pmd_clear_bad(pmd_t *pmd)
144 {
-> 145 pmd_ERROR(*pmd);
146 pmd_clear(pmd);
147 }
After the PMD table entry has been cleared, there is an inconsistency
between the actual number of PMD table entries that are mapping the page
and the page's map count (_mapcount field in struct page). When the page
is subsequently reclaimed, __split_huge_page() detects this inconsistency.
1381 if (mapcount != page_mapcount(page))
1382 printk(KERN_ERR "mapcount %d page_mapcount %d\n",
1383 mapcount, page_mapcount(page));
-> 1384 BUG_ON(mapcount != page_mapcount(page));
The root cause of the problem is a race of two threads in a multithreaded
process. Thread B incurs a page fault on a virtual address that has never
been accessed (PMD entry is zero) while Thread A is executing an madvise()
system call on a virtual address within the same 2 MB (huge page) range.
virtual address space
.---------------------.
| |
| |
.-|---------------------|
| | |
| | |<-- B(fault)
| | |
2 MB | |/////////////////////|-.
huge < |/////////////////////| > A(range)
page | |/////////////////////|-'
| | |
| | |
'-|---------------------|
| |
| |
'---------------------'
- Thread A is executing an madvise(..., MADV_DONTNEED) system call
on the virtual address range "A(range)" shown in the picture.
sys_madvise
// Acquire the semaphore in shared mode.
down_read(¤t->mm->mmap_sem)
...
madvise_vma
switch (behavior)
case MADV_DONTNEED:
madvise_dontneed
zap_page_range
unmap_vmas
unmap_page_range
zap_pud_range
zap_pmd_range
//
// Assume that this huge page has never been accessed.
// I.e. content of the PMD entry is zero (not mapped).
//
if (pmd_trans_huge(*pmd)) {
// We don't get here due to the above assumption.
}
//
// Assume that Thread B incurred a page fault and
.---------> // sneaks in here as shown below.
| //
| if (pmd_none_or_clear_bad(pmd))
| {
| if (unlikely(pmd_bad(*pmd)))
| pmd_clear_bad
| {
| pmd_ERROR
| // Log "bad pmd ..." message here.
| pmd_clear
| // Clear the page's PMD entry.
| // Thread B incremented the map count
| // in page_add_new_anon_rmap(), but
| // now the page is no longer mapped
| // by a PMD entry (-> inconsistency).
| }
| }
|
v
- Thread B is handling a page fault on virtual address "B(fault)" shown
in the picture.
...
do_page_fault
__do_page_fault
// Acquire the semaphore in shared mode.
down_read_trylock(&mm->mmap_sem)
...
handle_mm_fault
if (pmd_none(*pmd) && transparent_hugepage_enabled(vma))
// We get here due to the above assumption (PMD entry is zero).
do_huge_pmd_anonymous_page
alloc_hugepage_vma
// Allocate a new transparent huge page here.
...
__do_huge_pmd_anonymous_page
...
spin_lock(&mm->page_table_lock)
...
page_add_new_anon_rmap
// Here we increment the page's map count (starts at -1).
atomic_set(&page->_mapcount, 0)
set_pmd_at
// Here we set the page's PMD entry which will be cleared
// when Thread A calls pmd_clear_bad().
...
spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock)
The mmap_sem does not prevent the race because both threads are acquiring
it in shared mode (down_read). Thread B holds the page_table_lock while
the page's map count and PMD table entry are updated. However, Thread A
does not synchronize on that lock.
====== end quote =======
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: checkpatch fixes]
Reported-by: Ulrich Obergfell <uobergfe@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Larry Woodman <lwoodman@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [2.6.38+]
Cc: Mark Salter <msalter@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull vfs pile 1 from Al Viro:
"This is _not_ all; in particular, Miklos' and Jan's stuff is not there
yet."
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: (64 commits)
ext4: initialization of ext4_li_mtx needs to be done earlier
debugfs-related mode_t whack-a-mole
hfsplus: add an ioctl to bless files
hfsplus: change finder_info to u32
hfsplus: initialise userflags
qnx4: new helper - try_extent()
qnx4: get rid of qnx4_bread/qnx4_getblk
take removal of PF_FORKNOEXEC to flush_old_exec()
trim includes in inode.c
um: uml_dup_mmap() relies on ->mmap_sem being held, but activate_mm() doesn't hold it
um: embed ->stub_pages[] into mmu_context
gadgetfs: list_for_each_safe() misuse
ocfs2: fix leaks on failure exits in module_init
ecryptfs: make register_filesystem() the last potential failure exit
ntfs: forgets to unregister sysctls on register_filesystem() failure
logfs: missing cleanup on register_filesystem() failure
jfs: mising cleanup on register_filesystem() failure
make configfs_pin_fs() return root dentry on success
configfs: configfs_create_dir() has parent dentry in dentry->d_parent
configfs: sanitize configfs_create()
...
Pull security subsystem updates for 3.4 from James Morris:
"The main addition here is the new Yama security module from Kees Cook,
which was discussed at the Linux Security Summit last year. Its
purpose is to collect miscellaneous DAC security enhancements in one
place. This also marks a departure in policy for LSM modules, which
were previously limited to being standalone access control systems.
Chromium OS is using Yama, and I believe there are plans for Ubuntu,
at least.
This patchset also includes maintenance updates for AppArmor, TOMOYO
and others."
Fix trivial conflict in <net/sock.h> due to the jumo_label->static_key
rename.
* 'next' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jmorris/linux-security: (38 commits)
AppArmor: Fix location of const qualifier on generated string tables
TOMOYO: Return error if fails to delete a domain
AppArmor: add const qualifiers to string arrays
AppArmor: Add ability to load extended policy
TOMOYO: Return appropriate value to poll().
AppArmor: Move path failure information into aa_get_name and rename
AppArmor: Update dfa matching routines.
AppArmor: Minor cleanup of d_namespace_path to consolidate error handling
AppArmor: Retrieve the dentry_path for error reporting when path lookup fails
AppArmor: Add const qualifiers to generated string tables
AppArmor: Fix oops in policy unpack auditing
AppArmor: Fix error returned when a path lookup is disconnected
KEYS: testing wrong bit for KEY_FLAG_REVOKED
TOMOYO: Fix mount flags checking order.
security: fix ima kconfig warning
AppArmor: Fix the error case for chroot relative path name lookup
AppArmor: fix mapping of META_READ to audit and quiet flags
AppArmor: Fix underflow in xindex calculation
AppArmor: Fix dropping of allowed operations that are force audited
AppArmor: Add mising end of structure test to caps unpacking
...
Pull trivial tree from Jiri Kosina:
"It's indeed trivial -- mostly documentation updates and a bunch of
typo fixes from Masanari.
There are also several linux/version.h include removals from Jesper."
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jikos/trivial: (101 commits)
kcore: fix spelling in read_kcore() comment
constify struct pci_dev * in obvious cases
Revert "char: Fix typo in viotape.c"
init: fix wording error in mm_init comment
usb: gadget: Kconfig: fix typo for 'different'
Revert "power, max8998: Include linux/module.h just once in drivers/power/max8998_charger.c"
writeback: fix fn name in writeback_inodes_sb_nr_if_idle() comment header
writeback: fix typo in the writeback_control comment
Documentation: Fix multiple typo in Documentation
tpm_tis: fix tis_lock with respect to RCU
Revert "media: Fix typo in mixer_drv.c and hdmi_drv.c"
Doc: Update numastat.txt
qla4xxx: Add missing spaces to error messages
compiler.h: Fix typo
security: struct security_operations kerneldoc fix
Documentation: broken URL in libata.tmpl
Documentation: broken URL in filesystems.tmpl
mtd: simplify return logic in do_map_probe()
mm: fix comment typo of truncate_inode_pages_range
power: bq27x00: Fix typos in comment
...
First of all, there's no need to zero ->i_uid/->i_gid on root inode -
both had been set to zero already. Moreover, let's take the iput()
on failure to the failure exit it belongs to...
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Pass nice as a value to proc_sched_autogroup_set_nice().
No side effect is expected, and the variable err will be overwritten with
the return value.
Signed-off-by: Hiroshi Shimamoto <h-shimamoto@ct.jp.nec.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/4F45FBB7.5090607@ct.jp.nec.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
With the firmware-assisted dump support we don't require a reboot when we
are in second kernel after crash. The second kernel after crash is a normal
kernel boot and has knowledge about entire system RAM with the page tables
initialized for entire system RAM. Hence once the dump is saved to disk, we
can just release the reserved memory area for general use and continue
with second kernel as production kernel.
Hence when we release the reserved memory that contains dump data, the
'/proc/vmcore' will not be valid anymore. Hence this patch introduces
a cleanup routine that invalidates and removes the /proc/vmcore file. This
routine will be invoked before we release the reserved dump memory area.
Signed-off-by: Mahesh Salgaonkar <mahesh@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Wrap accesses to the fd_sets in struct fdtable (for recording open files and
close-on-exec flags) so that we can move away from using fd_sets since we
abuse the fd_set structs by not allocating the full-sized structure under
normal circumstances and by non-core code looking at the internals of the
fd_sets.
The first abuse means that use of FD_ZERO() on these fd_sets is not permitted,
since that cannot be told about their abnormal lengths.
This introduces six wrapper functions for setting, clearing and testing
close-on-exec flags and fd-is-open flags:
void __set_close_on_exec(int fd, struct fdtable *fdt);
void __clear_close_on_exec(int fd, struct fdtable *fdt);
bool close_on_exec(int fd, const struct fdtable *fdt);
void __set_open_fd(int fd, struct fdtable *fdt);
void __clear_open_fd(int fd, struct fdtable *fdt);
bool fd_is_open(int fd, const struct fdtable *fdt);
Note that I've prepended '__' to the names of the set/clear functions because
they require the caller to hold a lock to use them.
Note also that I haven't added wrappers for looking behind the scenes at the
the array. Possibly that should exist too.
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20120216174942.23314.1364.stgit@warthog.procyon.org.uk
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
This fixes the race in process_vm_core found by Oleg (see
http://article.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/1235667/
for details).
This has been updated since I last sent it as the creation of the new
mm_access() function did almost exactly the same thing as parts of the
previous version of this patch did.
In order to use mm_access() even when /proc isn't enabled, we move it to
kernel/fork.c where other related process mm access functions already
are.
Signed-off-by: Chris Yeoh <yeohc@au1.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There are no functional changes. Just code motion to make it
clear that we don't follow a link between sysctl roots unless the
directory entry actually is a link.
Suggested-by: Lucian Adrian Grijincu <lucian.grijincu@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Document get_subdir and that find_subdir alwasy takes a reference.
Suggested-by: Lucian Adrian Grijincu <lucian.grijincu@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
When insert_header fails ensure we return the proper error value
from get_subdir. In practice nothing cares, but there is no
need to be sloppy.
Reported-by: Lucian Adrian Grijincu <lucian.grijincu@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Once /proc/pid/mem is opened, the memory can't be released until
mem_release() even if its owner exits.
Change mem_open() to do atomic_inc(mm_count) + mmput(), this only
pins mm_struct. Change mem_rw() to do atomic_inc_not_zero(mm_count)
before access_remote_vm(), this verifies that this mm is still alive.
I am not sure what should mem_rw() return if atomic_inc_not_zero()
fails. With this patch it returns zero to match the "mm == NULL" case,
may be it should return -EINVAL like it did before e268337d.
Perhaps it makes sense to add the additional fatal_signal_pending()
check into the main loop, to ensure we do not hold this memory if
the target task was oom-killed.
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
No functional changes, cleanup and preparation.
mem_read() and mem_write() are very similar. Move this code into the
new common helper, mem_rw(), which takes the additional "int write"
argument.
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
mem_release() can hit mm == NULL, add the necessary check.
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
"links" is never used, so we can remove it.
Signed-off-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
The plan is to convert all callers of register_sysctl_table
and register_sysctl_paths to register_sysctl. The interface
to register_sysctl is enough nicer this should make the callers
a bit more readable. Additionally after the conversion the
230 lines of backwards compatibility can be removed.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
One of the most important jobs of sysctl is to export network stack
tunables. Several of those tunables are per network device. In
several instances people are running with 1000+ network devices in
there network stacks, which makes the simple per directory linked list
in sysctl a scaling bottleneck. Replace O(N^2) sysctl insertion and
lookup times with O(NlogN) by using an rbtree to index the sysctl
directories.
Benchmark before:
make-dummies 0 999 -> 0.32s
rmmod dummy -> 0.12s
make-dummies 0 9999 -> 1m17s
rmmod dummy -> 17s
Benchmark after:
make-dummies 0 999 -> 0.074s
rmmod dummy -> 0.070s
make-dummies 0 9999 -> 3.4s
rmmod dummy -> 0.44s
Benchmark after (without dev_snmp6):
make-dummies 0 9999 -> 0.75s
rmmod dummy -> 0.44s
make-dummies 0 99999 -> 11s
rmmod dummy -> 4.3s
At 10,000 dummy devices the bottleneck becomes the time to add and
remove the files under /proc/sys/net/dev_snmp6. I have commented
out the code that adds and removes files under /proc/sys/net/dev_snmp6
and taken measurments of creating and destroying 100,000 dummies to
verify the sysctl continues to scale.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Simplify the callers of insert_header by removing explicit calls to check
for duplicates and instead have insert_header do the work.
This makes the code slightly more maintainable by enabling changes to
data structures where the insertion of new entries without duplicate
suppression is not possible.
There is not always a convenient path string where insert_header
is called so modify sysctl_check_dups to use sysctl_print_dir
when printing the full path when a duplicate is discovered.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
An nsproxy argument here has always been awkard and now the nsproxy argument
is completely unnecessary so remove it, replacing it with the set we want
the registered tables to show up in.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Piecing together directories by looking first in one directory
tree, than in another directory tree and finally in a third
directory tree makes it hard to verify that some directory
entries are not multiply defined and makes it hard to create
efficient implementations the sysctl filesystem.
Replace the sysctl wide list of roots with autogenerated
links from the core sysctl directory tree to the other
sysctl directory trees.
This simplifies sysctl directory reading and lookups as now
only entries in a single sysctl directory tree need to be
considered.
Benchmark before:
make-dummies 0 999 -> 0.44s
rmmod dummy -> 0.065s
make-dummies 0 9999 -> 1m36s
rmmod dummy -> 0.4s
Benchmark after:
make-dummies 0 999 -> 0.63s
rmmod dummy -> 0.12s
make-dummies 0 9999 -> 2m35s
rmmod dummy -> 18s
The slowdown is caused by the lookups used in insert_headers
and put_links to see if we need to add links or remove links.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
When there are errors it is very nice to know the full sysctl path.
Add a simple function that computes the sysctl path and prints it
out.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Simplify the code and the sysctl semantics by autogenerating
sysctl directories when a sysctl table is registered that needs
the directories and autodeleting the directories when there are
no more sysctl tables registered that need them.
Autogenerating directories keeps sysctl tables from depending
on each other, removing all of the arcane register/unregister
ordering constraints and makes it impossible to get the order
wrong when reigsering and unregistering sysctl tables.
Autogenerating directories yields one unique entity that dentries
can point to, retaining the current effective use of the dcache.
Add struct ctl_dir as the type of these new autogenerated
directories.
The attached_by and attached_to fields in ctl_table_header are
removed as they are no longer needed.
The child field in ctl_table is no longer needed by the core of
the sysctl code. ctl_table.child can be removed once all of the
existing users have been updated.
Benchmark before:
make-dummies 0 999 -> 0.7s
rmmod dummy -> 0.07s
make-dummies 0 9999 -> 1m10s
rmmod dummy -> 0.4s
Benchmark after:
make-dummies 0 999 -> 0.44s
rmmod dummy -> 0.065s
make-dummies 0 9999 -> 1m36s
rmmod dummy -> 0.4s
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Add a ctl_table_root pointer to ctl_table set so it is easy to
go from a ctl_table_set to a ctl_table_root.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Replace sysctl_head_next with first_entry and next_entry. These new
iterators operate at the level of sysctl table entries and filter
out any sysctl tables that should not be shown.
Utilizing two specialized functions instead of a single function removes
conditionals for handling awkward special cases that only come up
at the beginning of iteration, making the iterators easier to read
and understand.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Replace the helpers that proc_sys_lookup uses with helpers that work
in terms of an entire sysctl directory. This is worse for sysctl_lock
hold times but it is much better for code clarity and the code cleanups
to come.
find_in_table is no longer needed so it is removed.
find_entry a general helper to find entries in a directory is added.
lookup_entry is a simple wrapper around find_entry that takes the
sysctl_lock increases the use count if an entry is found and drops
the sysctl_lock.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Every other directory has a .child member and we look at the .child
for our entries. Do the same for the root_table.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Add nreg to ctl_table_header. When nreg drops to 0 the ctl_table_header
will be unregistered.
Factor out drop_sysctl_table from unregister_sysctl_table, and add
the logic for decrementing nreg.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Instead of relying on sysct_head_next(NULL) to magically
return the right header for the root directory instead
explicitly transform NULL into the root directories header.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Lai Jiangshan