Everybody wants to pass it a function pointer, and in fact, that is what
you _must_ pass it for it to make sense (since it knows that ia64 and
ppc64 use descriptors for function pointers and fetches the actual
address from there).
So don't make the argument be a 'unsigned long' and force everybody to
add a cast.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* 'for-linus' of ssh://master.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ericvh/v9fs:
9p: fix error path during early mount
9p: make cryptic unknown error from server less scary
9p: fix flags length in net
9p: Correct fidpool creation failure in p9_client_create
9p: use struct mutex instead of struct semaphore
9p: propagate parse_option changes to client and transports
fs/9p/v9fs.c (v9fs_parse_options): Handle kstrdup and match_strdup failure.
9p: Documentation updates
add match_strlcpy() us it to make v9fs make uname and remotename parsing more robust
Current module loader lookups ".data.percpu" ELF section to perform
per_cpu relocation. But DEFINE_PER_CPU_SHARED_ALIGNED() uses another
section (".data.percpu.shared_aligned"), currently only handled in
vmlinux.lds, not by module loader.
To correct this problem, instead of adding logic into module loader, or
using at build time a module.lds file for all arches to group
".data.percpu.shared_aligned" into ".data.percpu", just use ".data.percpu"
for modules.
Alignment requirements are correctly handled by ld and module loader.
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add a common hex array in hexdump.c so everyone can use it.
Add a common hi/lo helper to avoid the shifting masking that is
done to get the upper and lower nibbles of a byte value.
Pull the pack_hex_byte helper from kgdb as it is opencoded many
places in the tree that will be consolidated.
Signed-off-by: Harvey Harrison <harvey.harrison@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Cc: Jason Wessel <jason.wessel@windriver.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
match_strcpy() is a somewhat creepy function: the caller needs to make sure
that the destination buffer is big enough, and when he screws up or
forgets, match_strcpy() happily overruns the buffer.
There's exactly one customer: v9fs_parse_options(). I believe it currently
can't overflow its buffer, but that's not exactly obvious.
The source string is a substing of the mount options. The kernel silently
truncates those to PAGE_SIZE bytes, including the terminating zero. See
compat_sys_mount() and do_mount().
The destination buffer is obtained from __getname(), which allocates from
name_cachep, which is initialized by vfs_caches_init() for size PATH_MAX.
We're safe as long as PATH_MAX <= PAGE_SIZE. PATH_MAX is 4096. As far as
I know, the smallest PAGE_SIZE is also 4096.
Here's a patch that makes the code a bit more obviously correct. It
doesn't depend on PATH_MAX <= PAGE_SIZE.
Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Cc: Latchesar Ionkov <lucho@ionkov.net>
Cc: Jim Meyering <meyering@redhat.com>
Cc: "Randy.Dunlap" <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Eric Van Hensbergen <ericvh@gmail.com>
Disable Virtual DMA support for now (it causes system hangs).
Thanks to TAKADA Yoshihito for the help with debugging the problem.
Reported-by: TAKADA Yoshihito <takada@mbf.nifty.com>
Signed-off-by: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <bzolnier@gmail.com>
SELECT_MASK() can now become static.
[bart: remove space between function name and open parenthesis]
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <bzolnier@gmail.com>
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-2.6:
Driver core: struct class remove children list
block: do_mounts - accept root=<non-existant partition>
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/usb-2.6: (22 commits)
USB: atmel_usba_udc fixes, mostly disconnect()
USB: pxa27x_udc: minor fixes
usbtest: comment on why this code "expects" negative and positive errnos
USB: remove PICDEM FS USB demo (04d8:000c) device from ldusb
USB: option: add new Dell 5520 HSDPA variant
USB: unusual_devs: Add support for GI 0401 SD-Card interface
USB: serial gadget: descriptor cleanup
USB: serial gadget: simplify endpoint handling
USB: serial gadget: remove needless data structure
USB: serial gadget: cleanup/reorg
usb: fix compile warning in isp1760
USB: do not handle device 1410:5010 in 'option' driver
USB: Fix unusual_devs.h ordering
USB: add Zoom Telephonics Model 3095F V.92 USB Mini External modem to cdc-acm
USB: Support for the ET502HS HDSPA modem in option driver
USB: Support for the ET502HS HDSPA modem
usb: fix integer as NULL pointer warnings found by sparse
USB: isp1760: fix printk format
USB: add Telstra NextG CDMA id to option driver
USB: add association.h
...
because of the class_device was removed, now do the children list removing
Signed-off-by: Dave Young <hidave.darkstar@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Some devices, like md, may create partitions only at first access,
so allow root= to be set to a valid non-existant partition of an
existing disk. This applies only to non-initramfs root mounting.
This fixes a regression from 2.6.24 which did allow this to happen and
broke some users machines :(
Acked-by: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Tested-by: Joao Luis Meloni Assirati <assirati@nonada.if.usp.br>
Cc: stable <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net-2.6: (73 commits)
net: Fix typo in net/core/sock.c.
ppp: Do not free not yet unregistered net device.
netfilter: xt_iprange: module aliases for xt_iprange
netfilter: ctnetlink: dump conntrack ID in event messages
irda: Fix a misalign access issue. (v2)
sctp: Fix use of uninitialized pointer
cipso: Relax too much careful cipso hash function.
tcp FRTO: work-around inorder receivers
tcp FRTO: Fix fallback to conventional recovery
New maintainer for Intel ethernet adapters
DM9000: Use delayed work to update MII PHY state
DM9000: Update and fix driver debugging messages
DM9000: Add __devinit and __devexit attributes to probe and remove
sky2: fix simple define thinko
[netdrvr] sfc: sfc: Add self-test support
[netdrvr] sfc: Increment rx_reset when reported as driver event
[netdrvr] sfc: Remove unused macro EFX_XAUI_RETRAIN_MAX
[netdrvr] sfc: Fix code formatting
[netdrvr] sfc: Remove kernel-doc comments for removed members of struct efx_nic
[netdrvr] sfc: Remove garbage from comment
...
This will be used by the wireless usb code, as well as potentially other
USB code.
Originally based on some .c code written by Inaky Perez-Gonzalez
<inaky.perez-gonzalez@intel.com>
Cc: Inaky Perez-Gonzalez <inaky.perez-gonzalez@intel.com>
Cc: David Brownell <david-b@pacbell.net>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Prior to 2.6.26 fuse only supported single page write requests. In theory all
fuse filesystem should be able support bigger than 4k writes, as there's
nothing in the API to prevent it. Unfortunately there's a known case in
NTFS-3G where big writes cause filesystem corruption. There could also be
other filesystems, where the lack of testing with big write requests would
result in bugs.
To prevent such problems on a kernel upgrade, disable big writes by default,
but let filesystems set a flag to turn it on.
Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@suse.cz>
Cc: Szabolcs Szakacsits <szaka@ntfs-3g.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When mm destruction happens, we should pass mm_update_next_owner() the old mm.
But unfortunately new mm is passed in exec_mmap().
Thus, kernel panic is possible when a multi-threaded process uses exec().
Also, the owner member comment description is wrong. mm->owner does not
necessarily point to the thread group leader.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: "Paul Menage" <menage@google.com>
Cc: "KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki" <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
They aren't used. They were briefly used as part of some other patches to
provide an alternative format for displaying some /proc and /sys cpumasks.
They probably should have been removed when those other patches were dropped,
in favor of a different solution.
Signed-off-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Cc: "Mike Travis" <travis@sgi.com>
Cc: "Bert Wesarg" <bert.wesarg@googlemail.com>
Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Cc: WANG Cong <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch adds needed_headroom/needed_tailroom members to struct
net_device and updates many places that allocate sbks to use them. Not
all of them can be converted though, and I'm sure I missed some (I
mostly grepped for LL_RESERVED_SPACE)
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Wireless networking, particularly with MESH enabled, has
quite strong requirements for link-layer header space.
Based upon some numbers and descriptions from Johannes Berg
we use 96 (same as AX25) for plain wireless, and with
mesh enabled we use 128.
In the process, simplify the cpp conditional logic here by
ordering the cases by those needing the most space down
to those needing the least case.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Because it's not correct with a non-preemptable BKL and just causes
PREEMPT kernels to have longer latencies than non-PREEMPT ones (which is
obviously not the point of it at all).
Of course, that config option actually got removed as an option earlier,
so for now this basically disables it entirely, but if BKL preemption is
ever resurrected it will be a meaningful optimization. And in the
meantime, it at least documents the intent of the code, while not doing
the wrong thing.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We should not go through the task pointer to get at the thread info,
since it's usually cheaper to just access the thread info directly.
So don't make the code look up 'current', when we can just use the
thread info accessor functions directly. This generally avoids one
level of indirection and tends to work better together with code that
also looks at other thread flags (eg preempt_count).
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The syncppp layer wants a mid-level netdev private pointer.
It was using netdev->priv but that only worked by accident,
and thus this scheme was broken when the device private
allocation strategy changed.
Add a proper mid-layer private pointer for uses like this,
update syncppp and all users, and remove the HDLC_PPP broken
tag from drivers/net/wan/Kconfig
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* 'i2c-for-linus' of git://jdelvare.pck.nerim.net/jdelvare-2.6:
i2c: Convert some more new-style drivers to use module aliasing
i2c: Match dummy devices by type
i2c-sibyte: Mark i2c_sibyte_add_bus() as static
i2c-sibyte: Correct a comment about frequency
i2c: Improve the functionality documentation
i2c: Improve smbus-protocol documentation
i2c-piix4: Blacklist two mainboards
i2c-piix4: Increase the intitial delay for the ServerWorks CSB5
i2c-mpc: Compare to NO_IRQ instead of zero
It acts exactly like a regular 'cond_resched()', but will not get
optimized away when CONFIG_PREEMPT is set.
Normal kernel code is already preemptable in the presense of
CONFIG_PREEMPT, so cond_resched() is optimized away (see commit
02b67cc3ba "sched: do not do
cond_resched() when CONFIG_PREEMPT").
But when wanting to conditionally reschedule while holding a lock, you
need to use "cond_sched_lock(lock)", and the new function is the BKL
equivalent of that.
Also make fs/locks.c use it.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
As the old driver_name/type matching scheme is going away soon, change
the dummy device mechanism to use the new matching scheme.
This has the downside that dummy i2c clients can no longer choose
their name, they'll all appear as "dummy" in sysfs and in log
messages. I don't think it is a problem in practice though, as there
is little reason to use these i2c clients to log messages.
Signed-off-by: Jean Delvare <khali@linux-fr.org>
The generic semaphore rewrite had a huge performance regression on AIM7
(and potentially other BKL-heavy benchmarks) because the generic
semaphores had been rewritten to be simple to understand and fair. The
latter, in particular, turns a semaphore-based BKL implementation into a
mess of scheduling.
The attempt to fix the performance regression failed miserably (see the
previous commit 00b41ec261 'Revert
"semaphore: fix"'), and so for now the simple and sane approach is to
instead just go back to the old spinlock-based BKL implementation that
never had any issues like this.
This patch also has the advantage of being reported to fix the
regression completely according to Yanmin Zhang, unlike the semaphore
hack which still left a couple percentage point regression.
As a spinlock, the BKL obviously has the potential to be a latency
issue, but it's not really any different from any other spinlock in that
respect. We do want to get rid of the BKL asap, but that has been the
plan for several years.
These days, the biggest users are in the tty layer (open/release in
particular) and Alan holds out some hope:
"tty release is probably a few months away from getting cured - I'm
afraid it will almost certainly be the very last user of the BKL in
tty to get fixed as it depends on everything else being sanely locked."
so while we're not there yet, we do have a plan of action.
Tested-by: Yanmin Zhang <yanmin_zhang@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <matthew@wil.cx>
Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@ftp.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
It actually makes much more sense there, and we do tend to need it for
non-RCU usage too. Moving it to <linux/compiler.h> will allow some
other cases that have open-coded the same logic to use the same helper
function that RCU has used.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This behavior differs across multiple controllers, so we cannot use
common logic for all controllers.
Revert back to the basic common behavior, and specific drivers will
be updated from here to take into account the unusual Status return
values.
Signed-off-by: Jeff Garzik <jgarzik@redhat.com>
* 'merge' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/paulus/powerpc: (23 commits)
[POWERPC] Remove leftover printk in isa-bridge.c
[POWERPC] Remove duplicate #include
[POWERPC] Initialize lockdep earlier
[POWERPC] Document when printk is useable
[POWERPC] Fix bogus paca->_current initialization
[POWERPC] Fix of_i2c include for module compilation
[POWERPC] Make default cputable entries reflect selected CPU family
[POWERPC] spufs: lockdep annotations for spufs_dir_close
[POWERPC] spufs: don't requeue victim contex in find_victim if it's not in spu_run
[POWERPC] 4xx: Fix PCI mem in sequoia DTS
[POWERPC] 4xx: Add endpoint support to 4xx PCIe driver
[POWERPC] 4xx: Fix problem with new TLB storage attibute fields on 440x6 core
[POWERPC] spufs: spu_create should send inotify IM_CREATE event
[POWERPC] spufs: handle faults while the context switch pending flag is set
[POWERPC] spufs: fix concurrent delivery of class 0 & 1 exceptions
[POWERPC] spufs: try to route SPU interrupts to local node
[POWERPC] spufs: set SPU_CONTEXT_SWITCH_PENDING before synchronising SPU irqs
[POWERPC] spufs: don't acquire state_mutex interruptible while performing callback
[POWERPC] spufs: update master runcntl with context lock held
[POWERPC] spufs: fix post-stopped update of MFC_CNTL register
...
Don't allow a module built without versions altogether to be inserted
into a kernel which expects modversions.
modprobe --force will strip vermagic as well as modversions, so it
won't be effected, but this will make sure that a
non-CONFIG_MODVERSIONS module won't be accidentally inserted into a
CONFIG_MODVERSIONS kernel.
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Remove #ifdef CONFIG_OF_I2C as this breaks module compilation.
Drivers using this header should depend on OF_I2C anyways, so
there's no need to make this conditional.
Signed-off-by: Jochen Friedrich <jochen@scram.de>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net-2.6: (32 commits)
net: Added ASSERT_RTNL() to dev_open() and dev_close().
can: Fix can_send() handling on dev_queue_xmit() failures
netns: Fix arbitrary net_device-s corruptions on net_ns stop.
netfilter: Kconfig: default DCCP/SCTP conntrack support to the protocol config values
netfilter: nf_conntrack_sip: restrict RTP expect flushing on error to last request
macvlan: Fix memleak on device removal/crash on module removal
net/ipv4: correct RFC 1122 section reference in comment
tcp FRTO: SACK variant is errorneously used with NewReno
e1000e: don't return half-read eeprom on error
ucc_geth: Don't use RX clock as TX clock.
cxgb3: Use CAP_SYS_RAWIO for firmware
pcnet32: delete non NAPI code from driver.
fs_enet: Fix a memory leak in fs_enet_mdio_probe
[netdrvr] eexpress: IPv6 fails - multicast problems
3c59x: use netstats in net_device structure
3c980-TX needs EXTRA_PREAMBLE
fix warning in drivers/net/appletalk/cops.c
e1000e: Add support for BM PHYs on ICH9
uli526x: fix endianness issues in the setup frame
uli526x: initialize the hardware prior to requesting interrupts
...
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-2.6-block:
Revert "relay: fix splice problem"
docbook: fix bio missing parameter
block: use unitialized_var() in bio_alloc_bioset()
block: avoid duplicate calls to get_part() in disk stat code
cfq-iosched: make io priorities inherit CPU scheduling class as well as nice
block: optimize generic_unplug_device()
block: get rid of likely/unlikely predictions in merge logic
vfs: splice remove_suid() cleanup
cfq-iosched: fix RCU race in the cfq io_context destructor handling
block: adjust tagging function queue bit locking
block: sysfs store function needs to grab queue_lock and use queue_flag_*()
* 'for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jack/linux-udf-2.6:
udf: Fix memory corruption when fs mounted with noadinicb option
udf: Make udf exportable
udf: fs/udf/partition.c:udf_get_pblock() mustn't be inline
Some Inovaphone PBXs exhibit very stange behaviour: when dialing for
example "123", the device sends INVITE requests for "1", "12" and
"123" back to back. The first requests will elicit error responses
from the receiver, causing the SIP helper to flush the RTP
expectations even though we might still see a positive response.
Note the sequence number of the last INVITE request that contained a
media description and only flush the expectations when receiving a
negative response for that sequence number.
Signed-off-by: Patrick McHardy <kaber@trash.net>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
get_part() is fairly expensive, as it O(N) loops over partitions
to find the right one. In lots of normal IO paths we end up looking
up the partition twice, to make matters even worse. Change the
stat add code to accept a passed in partition instead.
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
We currently set all processes to the best-effort scheduling class,
regardless of what CPU scheduling class they belong to. Improve that
so that we correctly track idle and rt scheduling classes as well.
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
generic_file_splice_write() duplicates remove_suid() just because it
doesn't hold i_mutex. But it grabs i_mutex inside splice_from_pipe()
anyway, so this is rather pointless.
Move locking to generic_file_splice_write() and call remove_suid() and
__splice_from_pipe() instead.
Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
And with that last patch to affs killing the last put_inode instance we
can finally, after many years of transition kill this racy and awkward
interface.
(It's kinda funny that even the description in
Documentation/filesystems/vfs.txt was entirely wrong..)
Also remove a very misleading comment above the defintion of
struct super_operations.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Declared some things static, declared some things in the header.
Signed-off-by: Andy Fleming <afleming@freescale.com>
Signed-off-by: Jeff Garzik <jgarzik@redhat.com>
Export ata_eh_analyze_ncq_error() for subsequent use by sata_mv,
as suggested by Tejun.
Signed-off-by: Mark Lord <mlord@pobox.com>
Signed-off-by: Jeff Garzik <jgarzik@redhat.com>
Some controllers (jmb and inic162x) use 0x77 and 0x7f to indicate that
the device isn't ready yet. It looks like they use 0xff if device
presence is detected but connection isn't established. 0x77 or 0x7f
after connection is established and use the value from signature FIS
after receiving it.
This patch implements ata_check_ready(), which takes TF status value
and determines whether the port is ready or not considering the above
and other conditions, and use it in @check_ready() functions. This is
safe as both 0x77 and 0x7f aren't valid ready status value even though
they have BSY bit cleared.
This fixes hot plug detection failures which can be triggered with
certain drives if they aren't already spun up when the data connector
is hot plugged.
Tested on sil, sil24, ahci (jmb/ich), piix and inic162x combined with
eight drives from all major vendors.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <htejun@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jeff Garzik <jgarzik@redhat.com>
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mingo/linux-2.6-sched-fixes:
sched: default to n for GROUP_SCHED and FAIR_GROUP_SCHED
sched: add optional support for CONFIG_HAVE_UNSTABLE_SCHED_CLOCK
sched, x86: add HAVE_UNSTABLE_SCHED_CLOCK
sched: fix cpu clock
sched: fair-group: fix a Div0 error of the fair group scheduler
sched: fix missing locking in sched_domains code
sched: make clock sync tunable by architecture code
sched: fix debugging
sched: fix sched_info_switch not being called according to documentation
sched: fix hrtick_start_fair and CPU-Hotplug
sched: fix SCHED_FAIR wake-idle logic error
sched: fix RT task-wakeup logic
sched: add statics, don't return void expressions
sched: add debug checks to idle functions
sched: remove old sched doc
sched: make rt_sched_class, idle_sched_class static
sched: optimize calc_delta_mine()
sched: fix normalized sleeper
this replaces the rq->clock stuff (and possibly cpu_clock()).
- architectures that have an 'imperfect' hardware clock can set
CONFIG_HAVE_UNSTABLE_SCHED_CLOCK
- the 'jiffie' window might be superfulous when we update tick_gtod
before the __update_sched_clock() call in sched_clock_tick()
- cpu_clock() might be implemented as:
sched_clock_cpu(smp_processor_id())
if the accuracy proves good enough - how far can TSC drift in a
single jiffie when considering the filtering and idle hooks?
[ mingo@elte.hu: various fixes and cleanups ]
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Linus Torvalds