This patch adds an new interface, blk_lld_busy(), to check lld's
busy state from the block layer.
blk_lld_busy() calls down into low-level drivers for the checking
if the drivers set q->lld_busy_fn() using blk_queue_lld_busy().
This resolves a performance problem on request stacking devices below.
Some drivers like scsi mid layer stop dispatching request when
they detect busy state on its low-level device like host/target/device.
It allows other requests to stay in the I/O scheduler's queue
for a chance of merging.
Request stacking drivers like request-based dm should follow
the same logic.
However, there is no generic interface for the stacked device
to check if the underlying device(s) are busy.
If the request stacking driver dispatches and submits requests to
the busy underlying device, the requests will stay in
the underlying device's queue without a chance of merging.
This causes performance problem on burst I/O load.
With this patch, busy state of the underlying device is exported
via q->lld_busy_fn(). So the request stacking driver can check it
and stop dispatching requests if busy.
The underlying device driver must return the busy state appropriately:
1: when the device driver can't process requests immediately.
0: when the device driver can process requests immediately,
including abnormal situations where the device driver needs
to kill all requests.
Signed-off-by: Kiyoshi Ueda <k-ueda@ct.jp.nec.com>
Signed-off-by: Jun'ichi Nomura <j-nomura@ce.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
blk_start_queueing() should act like the generic queue unplugging
and kicking and ignore a stopped queue. Such a queue may not be
run until after a call to blk_start_queue().
Signed-off-by: Elias Oltmanns <eo@nebensachen.de>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
This patch adds a queue flag to indicate the block device can be
used for request stacking.
Request stacking drivers need to stack their devices on top of
only devices of which q->request_fn is functional.
Since bio stacking drivers (e.g. md, loop) basically initialize
their queue using blk_alloc_queue() and don't set q->request_fn,
the check of (q->request_fn == NULL) looks enough for that purpose.
However, dm will become both types of stacking driver (bio-based and
request-based). And dm will always set q->request_fn even if the dm
device is bio-based of which q->request_fn is not functional actually.
So we need something else to distinguish the type of the device.
Adding a queue flag is a solution for that.
The reason why dm always sets q->request_fn is to keep
the compatibility of dm user-space tools.
Currently, all dm user-space tools are using bio-based dm without
specifying the type of the dm device they use.
To use request-based dm without changing such tools, the kernel
must decide the type of the dm device automatically.
The automatic type decision can't be done at the device creation time
and needs to be deferred until such tools load a mapping table,
since the actual type is decided by dm target type included in
the mapping table.
So a dm device has to be initialized using blk_init_queue()
so that we can load either type of table.
Then, all queue stuffs are set (e.g. q->request_fn) and we have
no element to distinguish that it is bio-based or request-based,
even after a table is loaded and the type of the device is decided.
By the way, some stuffs of the queue (e.g. request_list, elevator)
are needless when the dm device is used as bio-based.
But the memory size is not so large (about 20[KB] per queue on ia64),
so I hope the memory loss can be acceptable for bio-based dm users.
Signed-off-by: Kiyoshi Ueda <k-ueda@ct.jp.nec.com>
Signed-off-by: Jun'ichi Nomura <j-nomura@ce.jp.nec.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
This patch adds blk_insert_cloned_request(), a generic request
submission interface for request stacking drivers.
Request-based dm will use it to submit their clones to underlying
devices.
blk_rq_check_limits() is also added because it is possible that
the lower queue has stronger limitations than the upper queue
if multiple drivers are stacking at request-level.
Not only for blk_insert_cloned_request()'s internal use, the function
will be used by request-based dm when the queue limitation is
modified (e.g. by replacing dm's table).
Signed-off-by: Kiyoshi Ueda <k-ueda@ct.jp.nec.com>
Signed-off-by: Jun'ichi Nomura <j-nomura@ce.jp.nec.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
This patch adds blk_update_request(), which updates struct request
with completing its data part, but doesn't complete the struct
request itself.
Though it looks like end_that_request_first() of older kernels,
blk_update_request() should be used only by request stacking drivers.
Request-based dm will use it in bio->bi_end_io callback to update
the original request when a data part of a cloned request completes.
Followings are additional background information of why request-based
dm needs this interface.
- Request stacking drivers can't use blk_end_request() directly from
the lower driver's completion context (bio->bi_end_io or rq->end_io),
because some device drivers (e.g. ide) may try to complete
their request with queue lock held, and it may cause deadlock.
See below for detailed description of possible deadlock:
<http://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=120311479108569&w=2>
- To solve that, request-based dm offloads the completion of
cloned struct request to softirq context (i.e. using
blk_complete_request() from rq->end_io).
- Though it is possible to use the same solution from bio->bi_end_io,
it will delay the notification of bio completion to the original
submitter. Also, it will cause inefficient partial completion,
because the lower driver can't perform the cloned request anymore
and request-based dm needs to requeue and redispatch it to
the lower driver again later. That's not good.
- So request-based dm needs blk_update_request() to perform the bio
completion in the lower driver's completion context, which is more
efficient.
Signed-off-by: Kiyoshi Ueda <k-ueda@ct.jp.nec.com>
Signed-off-by: Jun'ichi Nomura <j-nomura@ce.jp.nec.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
When a driver calls blk_cleanup_queue(), the device should be fully idle.
However, the block layer may have pending plugging timers and the IO
schedulers may have pending work in the work queues. So quisce the device
by waiting for the timer and flushing the work queues.
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
Right now SCSI and others do their own command timeout handling.
Move those bits to the block layer.
Instead of having a timer per command, we try to be a bit more clever
and simply have one per-queue. This avoids the overhead of having to
tear down and setup a timer for each command, so it will result in a lot
less timer fiddling.
Signed-off-by: Mike Anderson <andmike@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
We should just check for rq->bio, as that is really the information
we are looking for. Even if the bio attached doesn't carry data,
we still need to do IO post processing on it.
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
Somewhat incomplete, as we do allow merges of requests and bios
that have different completion CPUs given. This is done on the
assumption that a larger IO is still more beneficial than CPU
locality.
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
This patch adds support for controlling the IO completion CPU of
either all requests on a queue, or on a per-request basis. We export
a sysfs variable (rq_affinity) which, if set, migrates completions
of requests to the CPU that originally submitted it. A bio helper
(bio_set_completion_cpu()) is also added, so that queuers can ask
for completion on that specific CPU.
In testing, this has been show to cut the system time by as much
as 20-40% on synthetic workloads where CPU affinity is desired.
This requires a little help from the architecture, so it'll only
work as designed for archs that are using the new generic smp
helper infrastructure.
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
Move stats related fields - stamp, in_flight, dkstats - from disk to
part0 and unify stat handling such that...
* part_stat_*() now updates part0 together if the specified partition
is not part0. ie. part_stat_*() are now essentially all_stat_*().
* {disk|all}_stat_*() are gone.
* part_round_stats() is updated similary. It handles part0 stats
automatically and disk_round_stats() is killed.
* part_{inc|dec}_in_fligh() is implemented which automatically updates
part0 stats for parts other than part0.
* disk_map_sector_rcu() is updated to return part0 if no part matches.
Combined with the above changes, this makes NULL special case
handling in callers unnecessary.
* Separate stats show code paths for disk are collapsed into part
stats show code paths.
* Rename disk_stat_lock/unlock() to part_stat_lock/unlock()
While at it, reposition stat handling macros a bit and add missing
parentheses around macro parameters.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
GENHD_FL_FAIL for disk is what make_it_fail is for parts. Kill it and
use part0->make_it_fail. Sysfs node handling is unified too.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
Till now, bdev->bd_part is set only if the bdev was for parts other
than part0. This patch makes bdev->bd_part always set so that code
paths don't have to differenciate common handling.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
There are two variants of stat functions - ones prefixed with double
underbars which don't care about preemption and ones without which
disable preemption before manipulating per-cpu counters. It's unclear
whether the underbarred ones assume that preemtion is disabled on
entry as some callers don't do that.
This patch unifies diskstats access by implementing disk_stat_lock()
and disk_stat_unlock() which take care of both RCU (for partition
access) and preemption (for per-cpu counter access). diskstats access
should always be enclosed between the two functions. As such, there's
no need for the versions which disables preemption. They're removed
and double underbars ones are renamed to drop the underbars. As an
extra argument is added, there's no danger of using the old version
unconverted.
disk_stat_lock() uses get_cpu() and returns the cpu index and all
diskstat functions which access per-cpu counters now has @cpu
argument to help RT.
This change adds RCU or preemption operations at some places but also
collapses several preemption ops into one at others. Overall, the
performance difference should be negligible as all involved ops are
very lightweight per-cpu ones.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
disk->part[] is protected by its matching bdev's lock. However,
non-critical accesses like collecting stats and printing out sysfs and
proc information used to be performed without any locking. As
partitions can come and go dynamically, partitions can go away
underneath those non-critical accesses. As some of those accesses are
writes, this theoretically can lead to silent corruption.
This patch fixes the race by using RCU for the partition array and dev
reference counter to hold partitions.
* Rename disk->part[] to disk->__part[] to make sure no one outside
genhd layer proper accesses it directly.
* Use RCU for disk->__part[] dereferencing.
* Implement disk_{get|put}_part() which can be used to get and put
partitions from gendisk respectively.
* Iterators are implemented to help iterate through all partitions
safely.
* Functions which require RCU readlock are marked with _rcu suffix.
* Use disk_put_part() in __blkdev_put() instead of directly putting
the contained kobject.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
This patch makes the following misc updates in preparation for
disk->part dereference fix and extended block devt support.
* implment part_to_disk()
* fix comment about gendisk->part indexing
* rename get_part() to disk_map_sector()
* don't use n which is always zero while printing disk information in
diskstats_show()
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
Remove hw_segments field from struct bio and struct request. Without virtual
merge accounting they have no purpose.
Signed-off-by: Mikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
But blkdev_issue_discard() still emits requests which are interpreted as
soft barriers, because naïve callers might otherwise issue subsequent
writes to those same sectors, which might cross on the queue (if they're
reallocated quickly enough).
Callers still _can_ issue non-barrier discard requests, but they have to
take care of queue ordering for themselves.
Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <David.Woodhouse@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
Some block devices benefit from a hint that they can forget the contents
of certain sectors. Add basic support for this to the block core, along
with a 'blkdev_issue_discard()' helper function which issues such
requests.
The caller doesn't get to provide an end_io functio, since
blkdev_issue_discard() will automatically split the request up into
multiple bios if appropriate. Neither does the function wait for
completion -- it's expected that callers won't care about when, or even
_if_, the request completes. It's only a hint to the device anyway. By
definition, the file system doesn't _care_ about these sectors any more.
[With feedback from OGAWA Hirofumi <hirofumi@mail.parknet.co.jp> and
Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com]
Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <David.Woodhouse@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
cmd_filter works only for the block layer SG_IO with SCSI block
devices. It breaks scsi/sg.c, bsg, and the block layer SG_IO with SCSI
character devices (such as st). We hit a kernel crash with them.
The problem is that cmd_filter code accesses to gendisk (having struct
blk_scsi_cmd_filter) via inode->i_bdev->bd_disk. It works for only
SCSI block device files. With character device files, inode->i_bdev
leads you to struct cdev. inode->i_bdev->bd_disk->blk_scsi_cmd_filter
isn't safe.
SCSI ULDs don't expose gendisk; they keep it private. bsg needs to be
independent on any protocols. We shouldn't change ULDs to expose their
gendisk.
This patch moves struct blk_scsi_cmd_filter from gendisk to
request_queue, a common object, which eveyone can access to.
The user interface doesn't change; users can change the filters via
/sys/block/. gendisk has a pointer to request_queue so the cmd_filter
code accesses to struct blk_scsi_cmd_filter.
Signed-off-by: FUJITA Tomonori <fujita.tomonori@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
blk_plug_device() must be called with the queue lock held, so callers
often just grab and release the lock for that purpose. Add a helper
that does just that.
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/bart/ide-2.6: (80 commits)
ide-floppy: fix unfortunate function naming
ide-tape: unify idetape_create_read/write_cmd
ide: add ide_pc_intr() helper
ide-{floppy,scsi}: read Status Register before stopping DMA engine
ide-scsi: add more debugging to idescsi_pc_intr()
ide-scsi: use pc->callback
ide-floppy: add more debugging to idefloppy_pc_intr()
ide-tape: always log debug info in idetape_pc_intr() if debugging is enabled
ide-tape: add ide_tape_io_buffers() helper
ide-tape: factor out DSC handling from idetape_pc_intr()
ide-{floppy,tape}: move checking of ->failed_pc to ->callback
ide: add ide_issue_pc() helper
ide: add PC_FLAG_DRQ_INTERRUPT pc flag
ide-scsi: move idescsi_map_sg() call out from idescsi_issue_pc()
ide: add ide_transfer_pc() helper
ide-scsi: set drive->scsi flag for devices handled by the driver
ide-{cd,floppy,tape}: remove checking for drive->scsi
ide: add PC_FLAG_ZIP_DRIVE pc flag
ide-tape: factor out waiting for good ireason from idetape_transfer_pc()
ide-tape: set PC_FLAG_DMA_IN_PROGRESS flag in idetape_transfer_pc()
...
Some uses blk_put_request asymmetrically, that is, they uses it with
requests that not allocated by blk_get_request. As a result,
blk_put_request has a hack to catch a NULL request_queue. Now such
callers are fixed (they use blk_get_request properly). So we can
safely remove the hack in blk_put_request.
Signed-off-by: FUJITA Tomonori <fujita.tomonori@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <petkovbb@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <bzolnier@gmail.com>
* 'core/softirq' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
softirq: remove irqs_disabled warning from local_bh_enable
softirq: remove initialization of static per-cpu variable
Remove argument from open_softirq which is always NULL
Some block devices support verifying the integrity of requests by way
of checksums or other protection information that is submitted along
with the I/O.
This patch implements support for generating and verifying integrity
metadata, as well as correctly merging, splitting and cloning bios and
requests that have this extra information attached.
See Documentation/block/data-integrity.txt for more information.
Signed-off-by: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
In function get_request_wait, the second call to get_request could be
moved to the end of the while loop, because if the first call to
get_request fails, the second call will fail without sleep.
Signed-off-by: Zhang Yanmin <yanmin.zhang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
As git-grep shows, open_softirq() is always called with the last argument
being NULL
block/blk-core.c: open_softirq(BLOCK_SOFTIRQ, blk_done_softirq, NULL);
kernel/hrtimer.c: open_softirq(HRTIMER_SOFTIRQ, run_hrtimer_softirq, NULL);
kernel/rcuclassic.c: open_softirq(RCU_SOFTIRQ, rcu_process_callbacks, NULL);
kernel/rcupreempt.c: open_softirq(RCU_SOFTIRQ, rcu_process_callbacks, NULL);
kernel/sched.c: open_softirq(SCHED_SOFTIRQ, run_rebalance_domains, NULL);
kernel/softirq.c: open_softirq(TASKLET_SOFTIRQ, tasklet_action, NULL);
kernel/softirq.c: open_softirq(HI_SOFTIRQ, tasklet_hi_action, NULL);
kernel/timer.c: open_softirq(TIMER_SOFTIRQ, run_timer_softirq, NULL);
net/core/dev.c: open_softirq(NET_TX_SOFTIRQ, net_tx_action, NULL);
net/core/dev.c: open_softirq(NET_RX_SOFTIRQ, net_rx_action, NULL);
This observation has already been made by Matthew Wilcox in June 2002
(http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/linux/linux-kernel/2002-25/0687.html)
"I notice that none of the current softirq routines use the data element
passed to them."
and the situation hasn't changed since them. So it appears we can safely
remove that extra argument to save 128 (54) bytes of kernel data (text).
Signed-off-by: Carlos R. Mafra <crmafra@ift.unesp.br>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
As setting and clearing queue flags now requires that we hold a spinlock
on the queue, and as blk_queue_stack_limits is called without that lock,
get the lock inside blk_queue_stack_limits.
For blk_queue_stack_limits to be able to find the right lock, each md
personality needs to set q->queue_lock to point to the appropriate lock.
Those personalities which didn't previously use a spin_lock, us
q->__queue_lock. So always initialise that lock when allocated.
With this in place, setting/clearing of the QUEUE_FLAG_PLUGGED bit will no
longer cause warnings as it will be clear that the proper lock is held.
Thanks to Dan Williams for review and fixing the silly bugs.
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
Cc: Alistair John Strachan <alistair@devzero.co.uk>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Jacek Luczak <difrost.kernel@gmail.com>
Cc: Prakash Punnoor <prakash@punnoor.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
get_part() is fairly expensive, as it O(N) loops over partitions
to find the right one. In lots of normal IO paths we end up looking
up the partition twice, to make matters even worse. Change the
stat add code to accept a passed in partition instead.
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
Original patch from Mikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Mike Anderson was doing an OLTP benchmark on a computer with 48 physical
disks mapped to one logical device via device mapper.
He found that there was a slowdown on request_queue->lock in function
generic_unplug_device. The slowdown is caused by the fact that when some
code calls unplug on the device mapper, device mapper calls unplug on all
physical disks. These unplug calls take the lock, find that the queue is
already unplugged, release the lock and exit.
With the below patch, performance of the benchmark was increased by 18%
(the whole OLTP application, not just block layer microbenchmarks).
So I'm submitting this patch for upstream. I think the patch is correct,
because when more threads call simultaneously plug and unplug, it is
unspecified, if the queue is or isn't plugged (so the patch can't make
this worse). And the caller that plugged the queue should unplug it
anyway. (if it doesn't, there's 3ms timeout).
Signed-off-by: Mikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
This patch changes rq->cmd from the static array to a pointer to
support large commands.
We rarely handle large commands. So for optimization, a struct request
still has a static array for a command. rq_init sets rq->cmd pointer
to the static array.
Signed-off-by: FUJITA Tomonori <fujita.tomonori@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Cc: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
This is a preparation for changing rq->cmd from the static array to a
pointer.
Signed-off-by: FUJITA Tomonori <fujita.tomonori@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Cc: Boaz Harrosh <bharrosh@panasas.com>
Cc: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <bzolnier@gmail.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
This rename rq_init() blk_rq_init() and export it. Any path that hands
the request to the block layer needs to call it to initialize the
request.
This is a preparation for large command support, which needs to
initialize the request in a proper way (that is, just doing a memset()
will not work).
Signed-off-by: FUJITA Tomonori <fujita.tomonori@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Cc: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
We can save some atomic ops in the IO path, if we clearly define
the rules of how to modify the queue flags.
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
This requires moving rq_init() from get_request() to blk_alloc_request().
The upside is that we can now require an rq_init() from any path that
wishes to hand the request to the block layer.
rq_init() will be exported for the code that uses struct request
without blk_get_request.
This is a preparation for large command support, which needs to
initialize struct request in a proper way (that is, just doing a
memset() will not work).
Signed-off-by: FUJITA Tomonori <fujita.tomonori@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
This patch removes the unused exports of blk_{get,put}_queue.
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
The meaning of rq->data_len was changed to the length of an allocated
buffer from the true data length. It breaks SG_IO friends and
bsg. This patch restores the meaning of rq->data_len to the true data
length and adds rq->extra_len to store an extended length (due to
drain buffer and padding).
This patch also removes the code to update bio in blk_rq_map_user
introduced by the commit 40b01b9bbd.
The commit adjusts bio according to memory alignment
(queue_dma_alignment). However, memory alignment is NOT padding
alignment. This adjustment also breaks SG_IO friends and bsg. Padding
alignment needs to be fixed in a proper way (by a separate patch).
Signed-off-by: FUJITA Tomonori <fujita.tomonori@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@carl.home.kernel.dk>
With padding and draining moved into it, block layer now may extend
requests as directed by queue parameters, so now a request has two
sizes - the original request size and the extended size which matches
the size of area pointed to by bios and later by sgs. The latter size
is what lower layers are primarily interested in when allocating,
filling up DMA tables and setting up the controller.
Both padding and draining extend the data area to accomodate
controller characteristics. As any controller which speaks SCSI can
handle underflows, feeding larger data area is safe.
So, this patch makes the primary data length field, request->data_len,
indicate the size of full data area and add a separate length field,
request->raw_data_len, for the unmodified request size. The latter is
used to report to higher layer (userland) and where the original
request size should be fed to the controller or device.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <htejun@gmail.com>
Cc: James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@HansenPartnership.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
Kiyoshi Ueda