This adds the general framework to the parser to define options for config
symbols with a syntax like:
config FOO
option bar[="arg"]
Signed-off-by: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Now that kconfig can load multiple configurations, it becomes simple to
integrate the split config step, by simply comparing the new .config file with
the old auto.conf (and then saving the new auto.conf). A nice side effect is
that this saves a bit of disk space and cache, as no data needs to be read
from or saved into the splitted config files anymore (e.g. include/config is
now 648KB instead of 5.2MB).
Signed-off-by: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Extend conf_read_simple() so it can load multiple configurations.
Signed-off-by: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Extend struct symbol to allow storing multiple default values, which can be
used to hold multiple configurations.
Signed-off-by: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
The SYMBOL_{YES,MOD,NO} are not really used anymore (they were more used be
the cml1 converter), so just remove them.
Signed-off-by: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
This fixes one of the worst kbuild warts left - the broken dependencies used
to check and regenerate the .config file. This was done via an indirect
dependency and the .config itself had an empty command, which can cause make
not to reread the changed .config file.
Instead of this we generate now a new file include/config/auto.conf from
.config, which is used for kbuild and has the proper dependencies. It's also
the main make target now for all files generated during this step (and thus
replaces include/linux/autoconf.h).
This also means we can now relax the syntax requirements for the .config file
and we don't have to rewrite it all the time, i.e. silentoldconfig only
writes .config now when it's necessary to keep it in sync with the Kconfig
files and even this can be suppressed by setting the environment variable
KCONFIG_NOSILENTUPDATE, so the update can (and must) be done manually.
Signed-off-by: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
During loading special case the first common case (.config), be silent about
it and otherwise mark it as a change that requires saving. Instead output
that the file has been changed. IOW if conf does nothing (special), it's
silent.
Signed-off-by: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Ignoring references to .init.text, .exit.text from the .plt section brought
the false positives down to two warnings for a defconfig build of ARCH=um
on x86_64.
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Add ".smp_locks" section to whitelist as being safe from
init and exit sections.
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
The default target for most powerpc platforms is zImage. The
zImage however is in arch/powerpc/boot and the mkspec script
was set up to get the kernel from the top level of the kernel
tree. This patch copies vmlinux to arch/powerpc/boot and then
copies the kernel to the tmp directory so the rpm can be made.
Signed-off-by: Mike Wolf <mjw@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
When Makefile.host is included, $(obj-dirs) is subjected to the
addprefix operation for the second time. Prefix only needs to be added
to the newly added directories, but not to those that came from
Makefile.lib.
This causes the build system to create unneeded empty directories in the
build tree when building in a separate directory. For instance,
lib/lib/zlib_inflate is created in the build tree.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Roskin <proski@gnu.org>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Here is an updated r_info layout fix. Please apply "check SHT_REL
sections" patch before this.
64bit mips has different r_info layout. This patch fixes modpost
segfault for 64bit little endian mips kernel.
Signed-off-by: Atsushi Nemoto <anemo@mba.ocn.ne.jp>
Cc: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
I found that modpost can not detect section mismatch on mips and i386. On
mips64, the modpost (with r_info layout fix) can detect it. The current
modpst only checks SHT_RELA section but I suppose SHT_REL section should be
checked also. This patch does not contain r_info layout fix. I'll post an
updated r_info layout fix on next mail.
Check SHT_REL sections as like as SHT_RELA sections to detect section
mismatch.
Signed-off-by: Atsushi Nemoto <anemo@mba.ocn.ne.jp>
Cc: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This reverts commit c8d8b837eb, which
caused problems for the x86 build. Quoth Sam:
"It was discussed on mips list but apparently the fix was bogus. I
will not have time to look into it so mips can carry this local fix
until we get a proper fix in mainline."
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/sam/kbuild:
kbuild: Do not overwrite makefile as anohter user
kbuild: drivers/video/logo/ - fix ident glitch
kbuild: fix gen_initramfs_list.sh
kbuild modpost - relax driver data name
kbuild: removing .tmp_versions considered harmful
kbuild: fix modpost segfault for 64bit mipsel kernel
Change the conditional of the outputmakefile rule to be evaluated entirely
in make, and add a conditional to not touch the generated makefile when e.g.
running 'make install' as root while the build was done as non-root. Also
adjust the comment describing this, and move the message printing and
redirection to mkmakefile.
Signed-off-by: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@novell.com>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Create correct dependencies when specifying your own file with
list of files etc. to include in initramfs.
Reported by: Andre Noll <maan@skl-net.de>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Relax driver data name from *_driver to *driver.
This fixes the 26 section mismatch warnings in drivers/ide/pci.
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
64bit mips has different r_info layout. This patch fixes modpost
segfault for 64bit little endian mips kernel.
Signed-off-by: Atsushi Nemoto <anemo@mba.ocn.ne.jp>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Replace outdated help message with a reference to README. Update README
for make *config variants and environment variable info.
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Acked-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Darren Jenkins <darrenrjenkins@gmail.com> pointed out a
number of false positives where we referenced variables
from a _driver variable.
Fix it by check for that pattern and ignore it.
Randy.Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net> pointed out a similar
set of warnings for a number of scsi drivers.
In scsi world they misname their variables *_template or
*_sht so add these to list of variables that may have references
to .init.text with no warning.
Randy.Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net> also pointed out a scsi driver
with many references to .exit.text from .rodata. This is compiler
generated references and we already ignore these for .init.text, so
ignore them for .exit.text also.
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
For easily getting fairly good accessibility, the TTY cursor should
always be left at the focus location. This patch fixes the checklist by
just having the list refreshed after the dialog box (hence the cursor
position remains in the list).
Signed-off-by: Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Configuration needs saving when either of these conditions is true.
Signed-off-by: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Move the menuconfig output more into the centre again, it's using a
fixed position depending on the window width using the fact that the
menu output has to work in a 80 chars terminal.
Signed-off-by: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
After the last patch fixed the real problem, revert this needless behaviour
change of conf, which only hid the real problem.
Signed-off-by: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
The wrong default value can cause conf to end up in endless loop for choice
questions.
Signed-off-by: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
before is NULL in this case, concluding from the surrounding code
it seems that after is the right one to use.
Signed-off-by: Eric Sesterhenn <snakebyte@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Make it executable like it should be. Do the same for other files intended to be
executed by the user - the ones called by the build process needn't be
executable as they already work (as argument to their interpreter).
Signed-off-by: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
initramfs.cpio.gz being build in usr/ and included in the
kernel was not rebuild when the included files changed.
To fix this the following was done:
- let gen_initramfs.sh generate a list of files and directories included
in the initramfs
- gen_initramfs generate the gzipped cpio archive so we could simplify
the kbuild file (Makefile)
- utilising the kbuild infrastructure so when uid/gid root mapping changes
the initramfs will be rebuild
With this change we have a much more robust initramfs generation.
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
This fix a longstanding bug where proper options was not
passed to hostcc in case of a make O=.. build.
This bug showed up in (not yet merged) klibc, and is not known
to have any counterpart in-kernel.
Fixed by moving the flags macro to Kbuild.include so it can be used
by both Makefile.lib and Makefile.host.
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
This patch puts the infrastructure in place to allow for a reordering of
functions based inside the vmlinux. The general idea is that it is possible
to put all "common" functions into the first 2Mb of the code, so that they
are covered by one TLB entry. This as opposed to the current situation where
a typical vmlinux covers about 3.5Mb (on x86-64) and thus 2 TLB entries.
This is done by enabling the -ffunction-sections flag in gcc, which puts
each function in its own ELF section, so that the linker can then order them
in a way defined by the linker script.
As per previous discussions, Linus said he wanted a "static" list for this,
eg a list provided by the kernel tarbal, so that most people have the same
ordering at least. A script is provided to create this list based on
readprofile(1) output. The included list is provisional, and entirely biased
on my own testbox and me running a few kernel compiles and some other
things.
I think that to get to a better list we need to invite people to submit
their own profiles, and somehow add those all up and base the final list on
that. I'm willing to do that effort if this is ends up being the prefered
approach. Such an effort probably needs to be repeated like once a year or
so to adopt to the changing nature of the kernel.
Made it a CONFIG with default n because it increases link times
dramatically.
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* master.kernel.org:/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/sam/kbuild: (46 commits)
kbuild: remove obsoleted scripts/reference_* files
kbuild: fix make help & make *pkg
kconfig: fix time ordering of writes to .kconfig.d and include/linux/autoconf.h
Kconfig: remove the CONFIG_CC_ALIGN_* options
kbuild: add -fverbose-asm to i386 Makefile
kbuild: clean-up genksyms
kbuild: Lindent genksyms.c
kbuild: fix genksyms build error
kbuild: in makefile.txt note that Makefile is preferred name for kbuild files
kbuild: replace PHONY with FORCE
kbuild: Fix bug in crc symbol generating of kernel and modules
kbuild: change kbuild to not rely on incorrect GNU make behavior
kbuild: when warning symbols exported twice now tell user this is the problem
kbuild: fix make dir/file.xx when asm symlink is missing
kbuild: in the section mismatch check try harder to find symbols
kbuild: fix section mismatch check for unwind on IA64
kbuild: kill false positives from section mismatch warnings for powerpc
kbuild: kill trailing whitespace in modpost & friends
kbuild: small update of allnoconfig description
kbuild: make namespace.pl CROSS_COMPILE happy
...
Trivial conflict in arch/ppc/boot/Makefile manually fixed up
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/bunk/trivial: (21 commits)
BUG_ON() Conversion in drivers/video/
BUG_ON() Conversion in drivers/parisc/
BUG_ON() Conversion in drivers/block/
BUG_ON() Conversion in sound/sparc/cs4231.c
BUG_ON() Conversion in drivers/s390/block/dasd.c
BUG_ON() Conversion in lib/swiotlb.c
BUG_ON() Conversion in kernel/cpu.c
BUG_ON() Conversion in ipc/msg.c
BUG_ON() Conversion in block/elevator.c
BUG_ON() Conversion in fs/coda/
BUG_ON() Conversion in fs/binfmt_elf_fdpic.c
BUG_ON() Conversion in input/serio/hil_mlc.c
BUG_ON() Conversion in md/dm-hw-handler.c
BUG_ON() Conversion in md/bitmap.c
The comment describing how MS_ASYNC works in msync.c is confusing
rcu: undeclared variable used in documentation
fix typos "wich" -> "which"
typo patch for fs/ufs/super.c
Fix simple typos
tabify drivers/char/Makefile
...
The checks performed by scripts/reference_* has been moved to modpost.
Remove the files and their reference in top-level Makefile.
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
This patch adds the ability to mark symbols that will be changed in the
future, so that kernel modules that don't include MODULE_LICENSE("GPL")
and use the symbols, will be flagged and printed out to the system log.
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Jiri Benc <jbenc@suse.cz> reported that modpost would stop with SIGABRT if
used with long filepaths.
The error looked like:
> Building modules, stage 2.
> MODPOST
> *** glibc detected *** scripts/mod/modpost: realloc(): invalid next size:
+0x0809f588 ***
> [...]
Fix this by allocating at least the required memory + SZ bytes each time.
Before we sometimes ended up allocating too little memory resuting in the
glibc detected bug above. Based on patch originally submitted by: Jiri
Benc <jbenc@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Since .kconfig.d is used as a make dependency of include/linux/autoconf.h, it
should be written earlier than the header file, to avoid a subsequent rebuild
to consider the header outdated.
Signed-Off-By: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@novell.com>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Add -fverbose-asm to i386 Makefile rule for building .s files. This makes
the assembler output much more readable for humans.
Suggested by Der Herr Hofrat <der.herr@hofr.at>
Signed-off-by: Chuck Ebbert <76306.1226@compuserve.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
o remove all inlines
o declare everything static which is only used by genksyms.c
o delete unused functions
o delete unused variables
o delete unused stuff in genksyms.h
o properly ident genksyms.h
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
genksyms needs to know when a symbol must have a "_" prefex as is
true for a few architectures.
Pass $(ARCH) as commandline argument and hardcode what architectures that
needs this info.
Previous attemt to take it from elfconfig.h was br0ken since elfconfig.h
is a generated file.
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
.PHONY: does not take patterns so use FORCE to achive same effect.
Thanks to "Paul D. Smith" <psmith@gnu.org> for noticing this.
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
The scripts/genksyms/genksyms.c uses hardcoded "__crc_" prefix for
crc symbols in kernel and modules. The prefix should be replaced by
"MODULE_SYMBOL_PREFIX##__crc_" otherwise there will be warnings when
MODULE_SYMBOL_PREFIX is not NULL.
I am sorry my last patch for this issue is actually wrong. I revert
it in this patch.
Signed-off-by: Luke Yang <luke.adi@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Fix matching of devmodel in modaliases. It breaks automatic loading of any
dasd module.
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The kbuild system takes advantage of an incorrect behavior in GNU make.
Once this behavior is fixed, all files in the kernel rebuild every time,
even if nothing has changed. This patch ensures kbuild works with both
the incorrect and correct behaviors of GNU make.
For more details on the incorrect behavior, see:
http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-make/2006-03/msg00003.html
Changes in this patch:
- Keep all targets that are to be marked .PHONY in a variable, PHONY.
- Add .PHONY: $(PHONY) to mark them properly.
- Remove any $(PHONY) files from the $? list when determining whether
targets are up-to-date or not.
Signed-off-by: Paul Smith <psmith@gnu.org>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Warning now looks like this:
WARNING: vmlinux: 'strcpy' exported twice. Previous export was in vmlinux
Which gives much better hint how to fix it.
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
When searching for symbols the only check performed was if
offset equals st_value. Adding an additional check to see if st_name
points t a valid name made us sort out a few more false positives and
let us report more correct names in warnings.
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Building an allmodconfig kernel for ppc64 revealed a number of false
positives - originally reported by Andrew Morton.
This patch removes most if not all false positives for ppc64:
Section .opd
The .opd section contains function descriptors at least for ppc64.
So ignore it for .init.text (was ignored for .exit.text).
See description of function descriptors here:
http://www.linuxbase.org/spec/ELF/ppc64/PPC-elf64abi-1.7.html
Section .toc1
ppc64 places some static variables in .toc1 - ignore the.
Section __bug_tabe
BUG() and friends uses __bug_table. Ignore warnings from that section.
Module parameters are placed in .data.rel for ppc64, for adjust pattern to
match on section named .data*
Tested with gcc: 3.4.0 and binutils 2.15.90.0.3
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
'allnoconfig' is described by 'make help' as a "minimal config", that's not
strictly correct. To be pedantic, a minimal config would be one where
EMBEDDED was set to Y and most things therein disabled etc. Simply
answering 'no' to all options does not give a minimal config.
A better description of allnoconfig is that it answers all options with 'no'.
This patch updates the description.
Signed-off-by: Jesper Juhl <jesper.juhl@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Using the fixed path to /usr/bin/{nm,objdump} does not allow
CROSS_COMPILE environments to use namespace.pl. This patch causes
namespace.pl to use $NM and $OBJDUMP if defined or fall back to the nm
and objdump found in the path.
Signed-off-by: Aaron Brooks <aaron.brooks@sicortex.com>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
In several cases the section mismatch check triggered false warnings.
Following patch introduce a whitelist to 'false positives' are not warned of.
Two types of patterns are recognised:
1) Typical case when a module parameter is _initdata
2) When a function pointer is assigned to a driver structure
In both patterns we rely on the actual name of the variable assigned
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
It seems popular to protect your work with copyright, so I decided to do
so for modpost which I patch a great deal atm.
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Andrew Morton reported a number of false positives for ia64 - like these:
WARNING: drivers/acpi/button.o - Section mismatch: reference to .init.text: from .IA_64.unwind.init.text after '' (at offset 0x0)
WARNING: drivers/acpi/button.o - Section mismatch: reference to .exit.text: from .IA_64.unwind.exit.text after '' (at offset 0x0)
WARNING: drivers/acpi/processor.o - Section mismatch: reference to .init.text: from .IA_64.unwind after '' (at offset 0x1e8)
They are all false positives - or at least the .c code looks OK.
It is not known why sometimes a section name is appended and sometimes not.
Fix is to accept references from all sections that includes "unwind." in the name.
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
The kernel now requires that CC be 3.1.0 or higher. But we shouldn't place
that requirement upon HOSTCC unless we really need to. Fixes my ia64 problem.
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Do not try to look up section name until we know it is not a special
section. Otherwise we will address outside legal space and segfault.
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
A combination of calling modpost with option -a and MODVERDIR undefined
caused segmentation fault. So provide a default value and accept the
error messages it generates instead.
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
checkconfig.pl is no longer needed now that autoconf.h is automatically
included. Remove it and all references to it.
Signed-off-by: Brian Gerst <bgerst@didntduck.org>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
With the current way of generating the Makefile in the output directory
for builds outside of the source tree, specifying real targets (rather
than phony ones) doesn't work in an already (partially) built tree, as
the stub Makefile doesn't have any dependency information available.
Thus, all targets where files may actually exist must be listed
explicitly and, due to what I'd call a make misbehavior, directory
targets must then also be special cased.
Signed-Off-By: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@novell.com>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
While the recent change to also escape # symbols when storing C-file
compilation command lines was helpful, it should be in effect for all
command lines, as much as the dollar escaping should be in effect for
C-source compilation commands. Additionally, for better readability and
maintenance, consolidating all the escaping (single quotes, dollars,
and now sharps) was also desirable.
Signed-Off-By: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@novell.com>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Move $(CC) support functions to Kbuild.include so they are available
in the kbuild files.
In addition the following was done:
o as-option documented in Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.txt
o Moved documentation to new section to match
new scope of functions
o added cc-ifversion used to conditionally select a text string
dependent on actual $(CC) version
o documented cc-ifversion
o change so Kbuild.include is read before the kbuild file
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Section mismatch is identified as references to .init*
sections from non .init sections. And likewise references
to .exit.* sections outside .exit sections.
.init.* sections are discarded after a module is initialized
and references to .init.* sections are oops candidates.
.exit.* sections are discarded when a module is built-in and
thus references to .exit are also oops candidates.
The checks were possible to do using 'make buildcheck' which
called the two perl scripts: reference_discarded.pl and
reference_init.pl. This patch just moves the same functionality
inside modpost and the scripts are then obsoleted.
They will though be kept for a while so users can do double
checks - but note that some .o files are skipped by the perl scripts
so result is not 1:1.
All credit for the concept goes to Keith Owens who implemented
the original perl scrips - this patch just moves it to modpost.
Compared to the perl script the implmentation in modpost will be run
for each kernel build - thus catching the error much sooner, but
the downside is that the individual .o file are not always identified.
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
In modpost introduce a check for symbols exported twice.
This check caught only one victim (inet_bind_bucket_create) for
which a patch is already sent to netdev.
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
With following patch a second option is enabled to obtain
symbol information from a second external module when a
external module is build.
The recommended approach is to use a common kbuild file but
that may be impractical in certain cases.
With this patch one can copy over a Module.symvers from one
external module to make symbols (and symbol versions) available
for another external module.
Updated documentation in Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
This reverts commit 5e375bc7d5.
Kyle McMartin steps on his soap-box:
"Sigh. Can everyone please stop assuming gcc can output to /dev/null?
On several platforms, ld tries to lseek in the output file, and fails
if it can't."
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
On a system where libintl.h is present, but the NLS functionality is
supplied by a separate library instead of the system C library, an attempt
to "make config" or "make menuconfig" will fail with link errors, ex:
scripts/kconfig/mconf.o:mconf.c:(.text+0xf63): undefined reference to
`_libintl_gettext'
This patch attempts to correct the problem by detecting whether or not NLS
support requires linking with libintl.
Signed-off-by: Samuel J Robb <sam.robb@timesys.com>
Cc: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
- Add info that structs, unions, enums, and typedefs are supported.
- Add doc about "private:" and "public:" tags for struct fields.
- Fix some typos.
- Remove some trailing whitespace.
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
kernel-doc errored out because it could not understand the new __copy_to_user
definition. Now we allow return types with four words.
Signed-off-by: Martin Waitz <tali@admingilde.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
While running "make menuconfig" and "make mrproper"
some people experienced that /dev/null suddenly changed
permissions or suddenly became a regular file.
The main reason was that /dev/null was used as output
to gcc in the check-lxdialog.sh script and gcc did
some strange things with the output file; in this
case /dev/null when it errorred out.
Following patch implements a suggestion
from Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com> to
use gcc -print-file-name=libxxx.so.
Also the Makefile is adjusted to not resolve value of
HOST_EXTRACFLAGS and HOST_LOADLIBES until they are actually used.
This prevents us from calling gcc when running make *clean/mrproper
Thanks to Eyal Lebedinsky <eyal@eyal.emu.id.au> and
Jean Delvare <khali@linux-fr.org> for the first error reports.
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
---
To enable 'make kernelrelease' earlier now create .kernelrelease when
one of the *config targets are used.
Also introduce KERNELVERSION - only user is kconfig.
KERNELVERSION was needed to display kernel version in menuconfig -
KERNELRELEASE is not valid until configuration has completed.
kconfig files modified to use KERNELVERSION.
Bug reported by: Rene Rebe <rene@exactcode.de>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/check-lxdialog.sh uses gcc to check for
what libraries are present. Redirect output to /dev/null
so we do not generate an a.out.
Also included support for ncursesw - so if present prefer that
instead of ncurses.
The order is now (first is preferred):
1) ncursesw
2) ncurses
3) curses
The latter is to support SunOS.
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Previously kernel-doc silently ignored missing parameter descriptions for
preprocessor macros. Now that all such omissions are fixed up we can warn
about them in kernel-doc to be able to keep it that way.
Signed-off-by: Martin Waitz <tali@admingilde.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This is a rewrite of Andi Kleen's bloat-o-meter with sorting and reporting of
gainers/decliners. Sample output:
add/remove: 0/8 grow/shrink: 2/0 up/down: 88/-4424 (-4336)
function old new delta
__copy_to_user_ll 59 103 +44
__copy_from_user_ll 59 103 +44
fill_note 32 - -32
maydump 58 - -58
dump_seek 67 - -67
writenote 180 - -180
elf_dump_thread_status 274 - -274
fill_psinfo 308 - -308
fill_prstatus 466 - -466
elf_core_dump 3039 - -3039
The summary line says:
no functions added, 8 removed
two functions grew, none shrunk
we gained 88 bytes and lost 4424 (or -4336 net)
This work was sponsored in part by CE Linux Forum
Signed-off-by: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@muc.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Ben Collins <bcollins@ubuntu.com>
Cc: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Cc: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
scripts/kconfig/qconf.h:25: error: extra qualification âConfigSettings::â on member âreadSizesâ
scripts/kconfig/qconf.h:26: error: extra qualification âConfigSettings::â on member âwriteSizesâ
scripts/kconfig/qconf.h:127: error: extra qualification âConfigList::â on member âupdateMenuListâ
Signed-off-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Cc: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Error: ./fs/quota_v2.o .opd refers to 0000000000000020 R_PPC64_ADDR64 .exit.text
Been carrying this for some time in Red Hat trees.
Keith Ownes <kaos@sgi.com> commented:
For our future {in}sanity, add a comment that this is the ppc .opd
section, not the ia64 .opd section. ia64 .opd should not point to
discarded sections.
Any idea why ppc .opd points to discarded sections when ia64 does not?
AFAICT no ia64 object has a useful .opd section, they are all empty or
(sometimes) a dummy entry which is 1 byte long. ia64 .opd data is
built at link time, not compile time.
Signed-off-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
When building Debian packages directly from the git tree, the appended
"git_dirty" is a problem due to the underscore. In order to cause the
least problems, change that just to "dirty".
Signed-off-by: Ryan Anderson <ryan@michonline.com>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Cleaning up the lxdialog Makefile by factoring out the
ncurses compatibility checks.
This made the checks much more obvious and easier to extend.
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
This patch fixed "make gconfig" with POSIXLY_CORRECT=1 set.
This issue was reported by Jens Elkner <elkner@linofee.org> in kernel
Bugzilla #2919.
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Currently scripts/setlocalversion is a Perl script that tries to figure
out the current git commit ID of a repo without using git. It also
imports Digest::MD5 without using it and generally is too big for the
small task it does. :] And it always reports a git ID, even when the
HEAD is tagged -- this is a bug.
This patch replaces it with a Bourne Shell script that uses git
commands to do the same. I can't come up with a scenario where someone
would use a git repo and refuse to install git core at the same time,
so I think it's reasonable to assume git is available.
The new script also reports uncommitted changes by adding -git_dirty to
the version string. Obviously you can't see from that _what_ has been
changed from the last commit, so it's more of a reminder that you
forgot to commit something.
The script is easily extensible: simply add a check for Mercurial (or
whatever) below the git check.
Note: the script doesn't print a newline char anymore. That's only
because it was easier to implement it that way, not a feature (or bug).
'make kernelrelease' doesn't care.
Signed-off-by: Rene Scharfe <rene.scharfe@lsrfire.ath.cx>
Acked-by: Ryan Anderson <ryan@michonline.com>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Here's the patch for modalias support for input classes. It uses
comma-separated numbers, and doesn't describe all the potential keys (no
module currently cares, and that would make the strings huge). The
changes to input.h are to move the definitions needed by file2alias
outside __KERNEL__. I chose not to move those definitions to
mod_devicetable.h, because there are so many that it might break compile
of something else in the kernel.
The rest is fairly straightforward.
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
CC: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This patch removes all references to the bouncing address
rddunlap@osdl.org and one dead web page from the kernel.
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
Acked-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Remove support for lxdialog --checklist
The checklist lxdialog functionality is not used by menuconfig
(only the radiolist variant is used) and supporting it would
significantly complicate the forthcoming liblxdialog API.
Signed-off-by: Petr Baudis <pasky@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Ignore all files generated from *_shipped files, plus a few others.
Signed-off-by: Brian Gerst <bgerst@didntduck.org>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Fix out-of-tree builds for the tar-pkg targets
When I wrote the buildtar script, I didn't even think about
out-of-tree builds because I didn't use these back then. This patch
throughoutly uses ${objtree} instead of `pwd`.
Also, the kernel version is no longer manually built. Instead, it will
properly use $KERNELRELEASE . Installing modules is only done if
CONFIG_MODULES is set.
Signed-off-by: Jan-Benedict Glaw <jbglaw@lug-owl.de>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
If the file .kconfig.d is missing then make sure to run
'make silentoldconfig', since we have no way to detect if
a Kconfig file has been updated.
-kconfig.d is created by kconfig and is removed as part
of 'make clean' so the situation is likely to occur in reality.
Jan Beulich <JBeulich@novell.com> reported this bug.
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Generate _shipped files so the genksyms change in previous commit is enabled.
The files are generated with latest versions of the tools:
bison (GNU Bison) 2.0
flex version 2.5.4
GNU gperf 3.0.1
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
This is a one-line change to parse.y.
To take advantage of this the scripts/genksyms/*_shipped files needs to
be rebuild - this is the next patch.
When a .c file contains:
DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct foo_s *, bar);
the .cpp output looks like:
__attribute__((__section__(".data.percpu"))) __typeof__(struct foo_s *) per_cpu__bar;
With the existing parse.y, the value inside the paranthesis of
__typeof__() does not evaluate as a type_specifier and therefore
per_cpu__bar does not get assigned a type for genksyms which results in
the EXPORT_PER_CPU_SYMBOL() not generating a CRC value.
I have compared the Modules.symvers with and without this
patch and for ia64's defconfig, the only change is:
Before 0x00000000 per_cpu____sn_nodepda vmlinux
After 0x9d3f3faa per_cpu____sn_nodepda vmlinux
per_cpu____sn_nodepda was the original source of my problems.
Signed-off-by: Robin Holt <holt@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
This patch fixes a problem when we use well known kernel symbols as module
names.
For example, if module source name is current.c, idle_stack.c or etc.,
we have a bad KBUILD_MODNAME value.
For example, KBUILD_MODNAME will be "get_current()" instead of "current", or
"(init_thread_union.stack)" instead of "idle_task".
The trick is to define a stringify macro on the commandline - named
KBUILD_STR for namespace reasons - and then to stringify the module
name.
There are a few uses of KBUILD_MODNAME throughout the tree but the usage
is for debug and will not be harmed by this change so left untouched for now.
While at it KBUILD_BASENAME was changed too. Any spinlock usage in the
unix module would have created wrong section names without it.
Usage in spinlock.h fixed so it no longer stringify KBUILD_BASENAME.
Original patch from Ustyogov Roman - all bugs introduced by me.
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Commandlines are contained in the .<target>.cmd files and in case they
contain a '#' char make see this as start of comment.
Teach fixdep to escape the '#' char so make will assing the full commandline.
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
This is the patch for the following issue:
In include/linux/module.h, "__crc_" and "__ksymtab_" are hard
coded to be the prefix for some kinds of symbols (CRC symbol and
ksymtab section). But in script /mod/modpost.c,
MODULE_SYMBOL_PREFIX##"__crc_" is used as the prefix to search CRC
symbols. So if an architecture (such as h8300 or Blackfin) defines
MODULE_SYMBOL_PREFIX as not NULL ("_"), modpost will always warn about
"no invalid crc".
And it is the same with KSYMTAB_PFX.
Signed-off-by: Luke Yang <luke.adi@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
This makes pkg-config now the prefered way to configure QT and properly
fixes the recent Fedora breakage and leaves the old QT detection as
fallback mechanism.
Signed-off-by: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
When using menuconfig in a text-only console (no X started)
the indention was often two spaces wrong. This proved to be a ncurses
issue which are worked around by calling wrefresh more often.
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Readability are more important then the 80 coloumn limit, so fold
several lines to greatly improve readability.
Also keep return type on same line as function definition.
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
The lxdialog code was not easy to read. So as first step the code
was run through Lindent.
Fix-ups will come in next patchset.
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Many structures contain both an internal part and one which is part of the API
to other modules. With this patch it is possible to only include these public
members in the kernel documentation.
Signed-off-by: Martin Waitz <tali@admingilde.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Add some more checks during the parsing of .config, so that after parsing
sym_change_count reflects the correct state whether the .config is correct and
in sync with the Kconfig or if it needs saving.
Signed-off-by: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Add a few error tokens to the parser to catch common errors and print more
descriptive error messages.
Signed-off-by: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This simplifies the parser a bit by merging the various symbol types into a
single token and adds the type to the keyword hash.
Signed-off-by: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Use gperf to generate a hash for the kconfig keywords. This greatly reduces
the size of the generated scanner and makes it easier to extend kconfig.
Signed-off-by: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Remove the long obsolete zconf.tab.h and fix kconfig make rules to generate
the correct output files. Setting LKC_GENPARSER will now also update the
shipped files.
Signed-off-by: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This allows variable arguments in the range option for int and hex config
symbols.
Signed-off-by: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Allow to force setting of config variables during all{no,mod,yes,random}config
to a specific value. For that conf first checks the KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG
environment variable for a file name, otherwise it checks for
all{no,mod,yes,random}.config and all.config. The file is a normal config
file, which presets the config variables, but they are still subject to normal
dependency checks.
Signed-off-by: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The restart check whether new symbols became visible, didn't always work for
choice symbols. Even if a choice symbol itself isn't changable, the childs
are. This also requires to update the new status of all choice values, once
one of them is set.
Signed-off-by: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
When doing its recursive dependency check, scripts/kconfig/conf uses the flag
SYMBOL_CHECK_DONE to avoid rechecking a symbol it has already checked.
However, that flag is only set at the top level, so if a symbol is first
encountered as a dependency of another symbol it will be rechecked every time
it is encountered until it's encountered at the top level.
This patch adjusts the flag setting so that each symbol will only be checked
once, regardless of whether it is first encountered at the top level, or while
recursing down from another symbol. On complex configurations, this vastly
speeds up scripts/kconfig/conf. The config in the powerpc merge tree is
particularly bad: this patch reduces the time for 'scripts/kconfig/conf -o
arch/powerpc/Kconfig' by a factor of 40 on a G5. That's even including the
time to print the config, so the speedup in the actual checking is more likely
2 or 3 orders of magnitude.
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
A typo fix for fix-build-on-nls-free-systems.patch that caused all systems
to be detected as not having NLS.
Signed-off-by: Yuri Vasilevski <yvasilev@duke.math.cinvestav.mx>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
From: Than Ngo <than@redhat.com>
qt as installed on fedora core (2 and 3) does not work with vanilla
kernel. The linker fails to locate the qt lib:
Actual Results: # make xconfig
HOSTLD scripts/kconfig/qconf
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lqt
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
Than Ngo has provided following fix for the bug.
Cc: Than Ngo <than@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
I made a patch that detects if libintl.h (needed for nls) is present on the
host system and if it's not, it nls support is disabled by providing
dummies for the used nls functions.
This way if there is nls support on the host system the *config targets
will build according to Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo's i18n modifications, else
it just uses the original English messages.
I have also made a bug report at kernel's bugzilla:
http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=5501
And there is a discussion about this problem in Gentoo's bugzilla:
http://bugs.gentoo.org/show_bug.cgi?id=99810
Cc: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Add explicit text about
- where menuconfig '/' (search) searches for strings,
- that substrings are allowed, and
- that regular expressions are supported.
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This still leaves driver and architecture-specific subdirectories alone,
but gets rid of the bulk of the "generic" generated files that we should
ignore.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
- Added a missing TO_NATIVE call to scripts/mod/file2alias.c:do_pcmcia_entry()
- Add an alignment attribute to struct pcmcia_device_no to solve an alignment
issue seen when cross-compiling on x86 for m68k.
Signed-off-by: Kars de Jong <jongk@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Dominik Brodowski <linux@dominikbrodowski.net>
From: Al Viro <viro@ZenIV.linux.org.uk>
Instead of playing all of these hand-coded assembler aliasing games,
just translate symbol names in the name space ".sym" to "_Sym" at
module load time.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Use foo := $(call objectify, $(foo)) to prefix $(foo) with $(obj)/ unless
$(foo) is an absolute path.
For now no in-tree users - soon to come.
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
GCC 4 emits more DWARF debugging information than before and there is now a
.debug_loc section as well. This causes "make buildcheck" to fail. Rather
than just add that one to the special case list, I used a regexp to ignore
any .debug_ANYTHING sections in case more show up in the future.
Signed-off-by: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Local symbols generated by gcc start with a `$'; no point in including them
in the kernel.
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This patch changes the way the compression algorithm works. The base
algorithm is similiar to the previous but we force the compressed token
size to 2.
Having a fixed size compressed token allows for a lot of optimizations, and
that in turn allows this code to run over *all* the symbols faster than it
did before over just a subset.
Having it work over all the symbols will make it behave better when symbols
change positions between passes, and the "inconsistent kallsyms" messages
should become less frequent.
In my tests the compression ratio was degraded by about 0.5%, but the
results will depend greatly on the number of symbols to compress.
Signed-off-by: Paulo Marques <pmarques@grupopie.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Roman Zippel