This is a preparation patch only, no functional change.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20181123114528.28802-3-mgorman@techsingularity.net
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Zi Yan <zi.yan@cs.rutgers.edu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When systems are overcommitted and resources become contended, it's hard
to tell exactly the impact this has on workload productivity, or how close
the system is to lockups and OOM kills. In particular, when machines work
multiple jobs concurrently, the impact of overcommit in terms of latency
and throughput on the individual job can be enormous.
In order to maximize hardware utilization without sacrificing individual
job health or risk complete machine lockups, this patch implements a way
to quantify resource pressure in the system.
A kernel built with CONFIG_PSI=y creates files in /proc/pressure/ that
expose the percentage of time the system is stalled on CPU, memory, or IO,
respectively. Stall states are aggregate versions of the per-task delay
accounting delays:
cpu: some tasks are runnable but not executing on a CPU
memory: tasks are reclaiming, or waiting for swapin or thrashing cache
io: tasks are waiting for io completions
These percentages of walltime can be thought of as pressure percentages,
and they give a general sense of system health and productivity loss
incurred by resource overcommit. They can also indicate when the system
is approaching lockup scenarios and OOMs.
To do this, psi keeps track of the task states associated with each CPU
and samples the time they spend in stall states. Every 2 seconds, the
samples are averaged across CPUs - weighted by the CPUs' non-idle time to
eliminate artifacts from unused CPUs - and translated into percentages of
walltime. A running average of those percentages is maintained over 10s,
1m, and 5m periods (similar to the loadaverage).
[hannes@cmpxchg.org: doc fixlet, per Randy]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180828205625.GA14030@cmpxchg.org
[hannes@cmpxchg.org: code optimization]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180907175015.GA8479@cmpxchg.org
[hannes@cmpxchg.org: rename psi_clock() to psi_update_work(), per Peter]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180907145404.GB11088@cmpxchg.org
[hannes@cmpxchg.org: fix build]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180913014222.GA2370@cmpxchg.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180828172258.3185-9-hannes@cmpxchg.org
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Tested-by: Daniel Drake <drake@endlessm.com>
Tested-by: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>
Cc: Christopher Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <jweiner@fb.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Peter Enderborg <peter.enderborg@sony.com>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Vinayak Menon <vinmenon@codeaurora.org>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
mm/*.c files use symbolic and octal styles for permissions.
Using octal and not symbolic permissions is preferred by many as more
readable.
https://lkml.org/lkml/2016/8/2/1945
Prefer the direct use of octal for permissions.
Done using
$ scripts/checkpatch.pl -f --types=SYMBOLIC_PERMS --fix-inplace mm/*.c
and some typing.
Before: $ git grep -P -w "0[0-7]{3,3}" mm | wc -l
44
After: $ git grep -P -w "0[0-7]{3,3}" mm | wc -l
86
Miscellanea:
o Whitespace neatening around these conversions.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/2e032ef111eebcd4c5952bae86763b541d373469.1522102887.git.joe@perches.com
Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This reverts the following commits that change CMA design in MM.
3d2054ad8c ("ARM: CMA: avoid double mapping to the CMA area if CONFIG_HIGHMEM=y")
1d47a3ec09 ("mm/cma: remove ALLOC_CMA")
bad8c6c0b1 ("mm/cma: manage the memory of the CMA area by using the ZONE_MOVABLE")
Ville reported a following error on i386.
Inode-cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes)
microcode: microcode updated early to revision 0x4, date = 2013-06-28
Initializing CPU#0
Initializing HighMem for node 0 (000377fe:00118000)
Initializing Movable for node 0 (00000001:00118000)
BUG: Bad page state in process swapper pfn:377fe
page:f53effc0 count:0 mapcount:-127 mapping:00000000 index:0x0
flags: 0x80000000()
raw: 80000000 00000000 00000000 ffffff80 00000000 00000100 00000200 00000001
page dumped because: nonzero mapcount
Modules linked in:
CPU: 0 PID: 0 Comm: swapper Not tainted 4.17.0-rc5-elk+ #145
Hardware name: Dell Inc. Latitude E5410/03VXMC, BIOS A15 07/11/2013
Call Trace:
dump_stack+0x60/0x96
bad_page+0x9a/0x100
free_pages_check_bad+0x3f/0x60
free_pcppages_bulk+0x29d/0x5b0
free_unref_page_commit+0x84/0xb0
free_unref_page+0x3e/0x70
__free_pages+0x1d/0x20
free_highmem_page+0x19/0x40
add_highpages_with_active_regions+0xab/0xeb
set_highmem_pages_init+0x66/0x73
mem_init+0x1b/0x1d7
start_kernel+0x17a/0x363
i386_start_kernel+0x95/0x99
startup_32_smp+0x164/0x168
The reason for this error is that the span of MOVABLE_ZONE is extended
to whole node span for future CMA initialization, and, normal memory is
wrongly freed here. I submitted the fix and it seems to work, but,
another problem happened.
It's so late time to fix the later problem so I decide to reverting the
series.
Reported-by: Ville Syrjälä <ville.syrjala@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Laura Abbott <labbott@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Now, all reserved pages for CMA region are belong to the ZONE_MOVABLE
and it only serves for a request with GFP_HIGHMEM && GFP_MOVABLE.
Therefore, we don't need to maintain ALLOC_CMA at all.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1512114786-5085-3-git-send-email-iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Reviewed-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Tony Lindgren <tony@atomide.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Laura Abbott <lauraa@codeaurora.org>
Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
No allocation callback is using this argument anymore. new_page_node
used to use this parameter to convey node_id resp. migration error up
to move_pages code (do_move_page_to_node_array). The error status never
made it into the final status field and we have a better way to
communicate node id to the status field now. All other allocation
callbacks simply ignored the argument so we can drop it finally.
[mhocko@suse.com: fix migration callback]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180105085259.GH2801@dhcp22.suse.cz
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix alloc_misplaced_dst_page()]
[mhocko@kernel.org: fix build]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180103091134.GB11319@dhcp22.suse.cz
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180103082555.14592-3-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Zi Yan <zi.yan@cs.rutgers.edu>
Cc: Andrea Reale <ar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Anshuman Khandual <khandual@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
It's possible for free pages to become stranded on per-cpu pagesets
(pcps) that, if drained, could be merged with buddy pages on the zone's
free area to form large order pages, including up to MAX_ORDER.
Consider a verbose example using the tools/vm/page-types tool at the
beginning of a ZONE_NORMAL ('B' indicates a buddy page and 'S' indicates
a slab page). Pages on pcps do not have any page flags set.
109954 1 _______S________________________________________________________
109955 2 __________B_____________________________________________________
109957 1 ________________________________________________________________
109958 1 __________B_____________________________________________________
109959 7 ________________________________________________________________
109960 1 __________B_____________________________________________________
109961 9 ________________________________________________________________
10996a 1 __________B_____________________________________________________
10996b 3 ________________________________________________________________
10996e 1 __________B_____________________________________________________
10996f 1 ________________________________________________________________
...
109f8c 1 __________B_____________________________________________________
109f8d 2 ________________________________________________________________
109f8f 2 __________B_____________________________________________________
109f91 f ________________________________________________________________
109fa0 1 __________B_____________________________________________________
109fa1 7 ________________________________________________________________
109fa8 1 __________B_____________________________________________________
109fa9 1 ________________________________________________________________
109faa 1 __________B_____________________________________________________
109fab 1 _______S________________________________________________________
The compaction migration scanner is attempting to defragment this memory
since it is at the beginning of the zone. It has done so quite well,
all movable pages have been migrated. From pfn [0x109955, 0x109fab),
there are only buddy pages and pages without flags set.
These pages may be stranded on pcps that could otherwise allow this
memory to be coalesced if freed back to the zone free area. It is
possible that some of these pages may not be on pcps and that something
has called alloc_pages() and used the memory directly, but we rely on
the absence of __GFP_MOVABLE in these cases to allocate from
MIGATE_UNMOVABLE pageblocks to try to keep these MIGRATE_MOVABLE
pageblocks as free as possible.
These buddy and pcp pages, spanning 1,621 pages, could be coalesced and
allow for three transparent hugepages to be dynamically allocated.
Running the numbers for all such spans on the system, it was found that
there were over 400 such spans of only buddy pages and pages without
flags set at the time this /proc/kpageflags sample was collected.
Without this support, there were _no_ order-9 or order-10 pages free.
When kcompactd fails to defragment memory such that a cc.order page can
be allocated, drain all pcps for the zone back to the buddy allocator so
this stranding cannot occur. Compaction for that order will
subsequently be deferred, which acts as a ratelimit on this drain.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.DEB.2.20.1803010340100.88270@chino.kir.corp.google.com
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
"mode" argument is not used by try_to_compact_pages() and sub functions
anymore, it has been replaced by "prio". Fix the comment to explain the
use of "prio" argument.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1515801336-20611-1-git-send-email-yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com
Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit f3c931633a59 ("mm, compaction: persistently skip hugetlbfs
pageblocks") has introduced pageblock_skip_persistent() checks into
migration and free scanners, to make sure pageblocks that should be
persistently skipped are marked as such, regardless of the
ignore_skip_hint flag.
Since the previous patch introduced a new no_set_skip_hint flag, the
ignore flag no longer prevents marking pageblocks as skipped. Therefore
we can remove the special cases. The relevant pageblocks will be marked
as skipped by the common logic which marks each pageblock where no page
could be isolated. This makes the code simpler.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171102121706.21504-3-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pageblock skip hints were added as a heuristic for compaction, which
shares core code with CMA. Since CMA reliability would suffer from the
heuristics, compact_control flag ignore_skip_hint was added for the CMA
use case. Since 6815bf3f23 ("mm/compaction: respect ignore_skip_hint
in update_pageblock_skip") the flag also means that CMA won't *update*
the skip hints in addition to ignoring them.
Today, direct compaction can also ignore the skip hints in the last
resort attempt, but there's no reason not to set them when isolation
fails in such case. Thus, this patch splits off a new no_set_skip_hint
flag to avoid the updating, which only CMA sets. This should improve
the heuristics a bit, and allow us to simplify the persistent skip bit
handling as the next step.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171102121706.21504-2-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
pageblock_skip_persistent() checks for HugeTLB pages of pageblock order.
When clearing pageblock skip bits for compaction, the bits are not
cleared for such pageblocks, because they cannot contain base pages
suitable for migration, nor free pages to use as migration targets.
This optimization can be simply extended to all compound pages of order
equal or larger than pageblock order, because migrating such pages (if
they support it) cannot help sub-pageblock fragmentation. This includes
THP's and also gigantic HugeTLB pages, which the current implementation
doesn't persistently skip due to a strict pageblock_order equality check
and not recognizing tail pages.
While THP pages are generally less "persistent" than HugeTLB, we can
still expect that if a THP exists at the point of
__reset_isolation_suitable(), it will exist also during the subsequent
compaction run. The time difference here could be actually smaller than
between a compaction run that sets a (non-persistent) skip bit on a THP,
and the next compaction run that observes it.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171102121706.21504-1-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
It is pointless to migrate hugetlb memory as part of memory compaction
if the hugetlb size is equal to the pageblock order. No defragmentation
is occurring in this condition.
It is also pointless to for the freeing scanner to scan a pageblock
where a hugetlb page is pinned. Unconditionally skip these pageblocks,
and do so peristently so that they are not rescanned until it is
observed that these hugepages are no longer pinned.
It would also be possible to do this by involving the hugetlb subsystem
in marking pageblocks to no longer be skipped when they hugetlb pages
are freed. This is a simple solution that doesn't involve any
additional subsystems in pageblock skip manipulation.
[rientjes@google.com: fix build]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.DEB.2.10.1708201734390.117182@chino.kir.corp.google.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.DEB.2.10.1708151639130.106658@chino.kir.corp.google.com
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Tested-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Kcompactd is needlessly ignoring pageblock skip information. It is
doing MIGRATE_SYNC_LIGHT compaction, which is no more powerful than
MIGRATE_SYNC compaction.
If compaction recently failed to isolate memory from a set of
pageblocks, there is nothing to indicate that kcompactd will be able to
do so, or that it is beneficial from attempting to isolate memory.
Use the pageblock skip hint to avoid rescanning pageblocks needlessly
until that information is reset.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.DEB.2.10.1708151638550.106658@chino.kir.corp.google.com
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Andrea brought to my attention that the L->{L,S} guarantees are
completely bogus for this case. I was looking at the diagram, from the
offending commit, when that _is_ the race, we had the load reordered
already.
What we need is at least S->L semantics, thus simply use
wq_has_sleeper() to serialize the call for good.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170914175313.GB811@linux-80c1.suse
Fixes: 46acef048a (mm,compaction: serialize waitqueue_active() checks)
Signed-off-by: Davidlohr Bueso <dbueso@suse.de>
Reported-by: Andrea Parri <parri.andrea@gmail.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
__reset_isolation_suitable walks the whole zone pfn range and it tries
to jump over holes by checking the zone for each page. It might still
stumble over offline pages, though. Skip those by checking
pfn_to_online_page()
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170515085827.16474-9-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Igor Mammedov <imammedo@redhat.com>
Cc: Jerome Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Reza Arbab <arbab@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Tobias Regnery <tobias.regnery@gmail.com>
Cc: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hpe.com>
Cc: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com>
Cc: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The main goal of direct compaction is to form a high-order page for
allocation, but it should also help against long-term fragmentation when
possible.
Most lower-than-pageblock-order compactions are for non-movable
allocations, which means that if we compact in a movable pageblock and
terminate as soon as we create the high-order page, it's unlikely that
the fallback heuristics will claim the whole block. Instead there might
be a single unmovable page in a pageblock full of movable pages, and the
next unmovable allocation might pick another pageblock and increase
long-term fragmentation.
To help against such scenarios, this patch changes the termination
criteria for compaction so that the current pageblock is finished even
though the high-order page already exists. Note that it might be
possible that the high-order page formed elsewhere in the zone due to
parallel activity, but this patch doesn't try to detect that.
This is only done with sync compaction, because async compaction is
limited to pageblock of the same migratetype, where it cannot result in
a migratetype fallback. (Async compaction also eagerly skips
order-aligned blocks where isolation fails, which is against the goal of
migrating away as much of the pageblock as possible.)
As a result of this patch, long-term memory fragmentation should be
reduced.
In testing based on 4.9 kernel with stress-highalloc from mmtests
configured for order-4 GFP_KERNEL allocations, this patch has reduced
the number of unmovable allocations falling back to movable pageblocks
by 20%. The number
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170307131545.28577-9-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The migrate scanner in async compaction is currently limited to
MIGRATE_MOVABLE pageblocks. This is a heuristic intended to reduce
latency, based on the assumption that non-MOVABLE pageblocks are
unlikely to contain movable pages.
However, with the exception of THP's, most high-order allocations are
not movable. Should the async compaction succeed, this increases the
chance that the non-MOVABLE allocations will fallback to a MOVABLE
pageblock, making the long-term fragmentation worse.
This patch attempts to help the situation by changing async direct
compaction so that the migrate scanner only scans the pageblocks of the
requested migratetype. If it's a non-MOVABLE type and there are such
pageblocks that do contain movable pages, chances are that the
allocation can succeed within one of such pageblocks, removing the need
for a fallback. If that fails, the subsequent sync attempt will ignore
this restriction.
In testing based on 4.9 kernel with stress-highalloc from mmtests
configured for order-4 GFP_KERNEL allocations, this patch has reduced
the number of unmovable allocations falling back to movable pageblocks
by 30%. The number of movable allocations falling back is reduced by
12%.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170307131545.28577-8-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Preparation patch. We are going to need migratetype at lower layers
than compact_zone() and compact_finished().
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170307131545.28577-7-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Preparation for making the decisions more complex and depending on
compact_control flags. No functional change.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170307131545.28577-6-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When detecting whether compaction has succeeded in forming a high-order
page, __compact_finished() employs a watermark check, followed by an own
search for a suitable page in the freelists. This is not ideal for two
reasons:
- The watermark check also searches high-order freelists, but has a
less strict criteria wrt fallback. It's therefore redundant and waste
of cycles. This was different in the past when high-order watermark
check attempted to apply reserves to high-order pages.
- The watermark check might actually fail due to lack of order-0 pages.
Compaction can't help with that, so there's no point in continuing
because of that. It's possible that high-order page still exists and
it terminates.
This patch therefore removes the watermark check. This should save some
cycles and terminate compaction sooner in some cases.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170307131545.28577-3-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
By reviewing code, I find that if the migrate target is a large free
page and we ignore suitable, it may splite large target free page into
smaller block which is not good for defrag. So move the ignore block
suitable after check large free page.
As Vlastimil pointed out in RFC version that this patch is just based on
logical analyses which might be better for future-proofing the function
and it is most likely won't have any visible effect right now, for
direct compaction shouldn't have to be called if there's a
>=pageblock_order page already available.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1489490743-5364-1-git-send-email-xieyisheng1@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Yisheng Xie <xieyisheng1@huawei.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Hanjun Guo <guohanjun@huawei.com>
Cc: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Fix up affected files that include this signal functionality via sched.h.
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Patch series "HWPOISON: soft offlining for non-lru movable page", v6.
After Minchan's commit bda807d444 ("mm: migrate: support non-lru
movable page migration"), some type of non-lru page like zsmalloc and
virtio-balloon page also support migration.
Therefore, we can:
1) soft offlining no-lru movable pages, which means when memory
corrected errors occur on a non-lru movable page, we can stop to use
it by migrating data onto another page and disable the original
(maybe half-broken) one.
2) enable memory hotplug for non-lru movable pages, i.e. we may offline
blocks, which include such pages, by using non-lru page migration.
This patchset is heavily dependent on non-lru movable page migration.
This patch (of 4):
Change the return type of isolate_movable_page() from bool to int. It
will return 0 when isolate movable page successfully, and return -EBUSY
when it isolates failed.
There is no functional change within this patch but prepare for later
patch.
[xieyisheng1@huawei.com: v6]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1486108770-630-2-git-send-email-xieyisheng1@huawei.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1485867981-16037-2-git-send-email-ysxie@foxmail.com
Signed-off-by: Yisheng Xie <xieyisheng1@huawei.com>
Suggested-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Hanjun Guo <guohanjun@huawei.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Reza Arbab <arbab@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Taku Izumi <izumi.taku@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Without a memory barrier, the following race can occur with a high-order
allocation:
wakeup_kcompactd(order == 1) kcompactd()
[L] waitqueue_active(kcompactd_wait)
[S] prepare_to_wait_event(kcompactd_wait)
[L] (kcompactd_max_order == 0)
[S] kcompactd_max_order = order; schedule()
Where the waitqueue_active() check is speculatively re-ordered to before
setting the actual condition (max_order), not seeing the threads that's
going to block; making us miss a wakeup. There are a couple of options
to fix this, including calling wq_has_sleepers() which adds a full
barrier, or unconditionally doing the wake_up_interruptible() and
serialize on the q->lock. However, to make use of the control
dependency, we just need to add L->L guarantees.
While this bug is theoretical, there have been other offenders of the
lockless waitqueue_active() in the past -- this is also documented in
the call itself.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1483975528-24342-1-git-send-email-dave@stgolabs.net
Signed-off-by: Davidlohr Bueso <dbueso@suse.de>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
A "compact_daemon_wake" vmstat exists that represents the number of
times kcompactd has woken up. This doesn't represent how much work it
actually did, though.
It's useful to understand how much compaction work is being done by
kcompactd versus other methods such as direct compaction and explicitly
triggered per-node (or system) compaction.
This adds two new vmstats: "compact_daemon_migrate_scanned" and
"compact_daemon_free_scanned" to represent the number of pages kcompactd
has scanned as part of its migration scanner and freeing scanner,
respectively.
These values are still accounted for in the general
"compact_migrate_scanned" and "compact_free_scanned" for compatibility.
It could be argued that explicitly triggered compaction could also be
tracked separately, and that could be added if others find it useful.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.DEB.2.10.1612071749390.69852@chino.kir.corp.google.com
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
compaction has been disabled for GFP_NOFS and GFP_NOIO requests since
the direct compaction was introduced by commit 56de7263fc ("mm:
compaction: direct compact when a high-order allocation fails"). The
main reason is that the migration of page cache pages might recurse back
to fs/io layer and we could potentially deadlock. This is overly
conservative because all the anonymous memory is migrateable in the
GFP_NOFS context just fine. This might be a large portion of the memory
in many/most workkloads.
Remove the GFP_NOFS restriction and make sure that we skip all fs pages
(those with a mapping) while isolating pages to be migrated. We cannot
consider clean fs pages because they might need a metadata update so
only isolate pages without any mapping for nofs requests.
The effect of this patch will be probably very limited in many/most
workloads because higher order GFP_NOFS requests are quite rare,
although different configurations might lead to very different results.
David Chinner has mentioned a heavy metadata workload with 64kB block
which to quote him:
: Unfortunately, there was an era of cargo cult configuration tweaks in the
: Ceph community that has resulted in a large number of production machines
: with XFS filesystems configured this way. And a lot of them store large
: numbers of small files and run under significant sustained memory
: pressure.
:
: I slowly working towards getting rid of these high order allocations and
: replacing them with the equivalent number of single page allocations, but
: I haven't got that (complex) change working yet.
We can do the following to simulate that workload:
$ mkfs.xfs -f -n size=64k <dev>
$ mount <dev> /mnt/scratch
$ time ./fs_mark -D 10000 -S0 -n 100000 -s 0 -L 32 \
-d /mnt/scratch/0 -d /mnt/scratch/1 \
-d /mnt/scratch/2 -d /mnt/scratch/3 \
-d /mnt/scratch/4 -d /mnt/scratch/5 \
-d /mnt/scratch/6 -d /mnt/scratch/7 \
-d /mnt/scratch/8 -d /mnt/scratch/9 \
-d /mnt/scratch/10 -d /mnt/scratch/11 \
-d /mnt/scratch/12 -d /mnt/scratch/13 \
-d /mnt/scratch/14 -d /mnt/scratch/15
and indeed is hammers the system with many high order GFP_NOFS requests as
per a simle tracepoint during the load:
$ echo '!(gfp_flags & 0x80) && (gfp_flags &0x400000)' > $TRACE_MNT/events/kmem/mm_page_alloc/filter
I am getting
5287609 order=0
37 order=1
1594905 order=2
3048439 order=3
6699207 order=4
66645 order=5
My testing was done in a kvm guest so performance numbers should be
taken with a grain of salt but there seems to be a difference when the
patch is applied:
* Original kernel
FSUse% Count Size Files/sec App Overhead
1 1600000 0 4300.1 20745838
3 3200000 0 4239.9 23849857
5 4800000 0 4243.4 25939543
6 6400000 0 4248.4 19514050
8 8000000 0 4262.1 20796169
9 9600000 0 4257.6 21288675
11 11200000 0 4259.7 19375120
13 12800000 0 4220.7 22734141
14 14400000 0 4238.5 31936458
16 16000000 0 4231.5 23409901
18 17600000 0 4045.3 23577700
19 19200000 0 2783.4 58299526
21 20800000 0 2678.2 40616302
23 22400000 0 2693.5 83973996
and xfs complaining about memory allocation not making progress
[ 2304.372647] XFS: fs_mark(3289) possible memory allocation deadlock size 65624 in kmem_alloc (mode:0x2408240)
[ 2304.443323] XFS: fs_mark(3285) possible memory allocation deadlock size 65728 in kmem_alloc (mode:0x2408240)
[ 4796.772477] XFS: fs_mark(3424) possible memory allocation deadlock size 46936 in kmem_alloc (mode:0x2408240)
[ 4796.775329] XFS: fs_mark(3423) possible memory allocation deadlock size 51416 in kmem_alloc (mode:0x2408240)
[ 4797.388808] XFS: fs_mark(3424) possible memory allocation deadlock size 65728 in kmem_alloc (mode:0x2408240)
* Patched kernel
FSUse% Count Size Files/sec App Overhead
1 1600000 0 4289.1 19243934
3 3200000 0 4241.6 32828865
5 4800000 0 4248.7 32884693
6 6400000 0 4314.4 19608921
8 8000000 0 4269.9 24953292
9 9600000 0 4270.7 33235572
11 11200000 0 4346.4 40817101
13 12800000 0 4285.3 29972397
14 14400000 0 4297.2 20539765
16 16000000 0 4219.6 18596767
18 17600000 0 4273.8 49611187
19 19200000 0 4300.4 27944451
21 20800000 0 4270.6 22324585
22 22400000 0 4317.6 22650382
24 24000000 0 4065.2 22297964
So the dropdown at Count 19200000 didn't happen and there was only a
single warning about allocation not making progress
[ 3063.815003] XFS: fs_mark(3272) possible memory allocation deadlock size 65624 in kmem_alloc (mode:0x2408240)
This suggests that the patch has helped even though there is not all that
much of anonymous memory as the workload mostly generates fs metadata. I
assume the success rate would be higher with more anonymous memory which
should be the case in many workloads.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix comment]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161012114721.31853-1-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Merge updates from Andrew Morton:
- various misc bits
- most of MM (quite a lot of MM material is awaiting the merge of
linux-next dependencies)
- kasan
- printk updates
- procfs updates
- MAINTAINERS
- /lib updates
- checkpatch updates
* emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (123 commits)
init: reduce rootwait polling interval time to 5ms
binfmt_elf: use vmalloc() for allocation of vma_filesz
checkpatch: don't emit unified-diff error for rename-only patches
checkpatch: don't check c99 types like uint8_t under tools
checkpatch: avoid multiple line dereferences
checkpatch: don't check .pl files, improve absolute path commit log test
scripts/checkpatch.pl: fix spelling
checkpatch: don't try to get maintained status when --no-tree is given
lib/ida: document locking requirements a bit better
lib/rbtree.c: fix typo in comment of ____rb_erase_color
lib/Kconfig.debug: make CONFIG_STRICT_DEVMEM depend on CONFIG_DEVMEM
MAINTAINERS: add drm and drm/i915 irc channels
MAINTAINERS: add "C:" for URI for chat where developers hang out
MAINTAINERS: add drm and drm/i915 bug filing info
MAINTAINERS: add "B:" for URI where to file bugs
get_maintainer: look for arbitrary letter prefixes in sections
printk: add Kconfig option to set default console loglevel
printk/sound: handle more message headers
printk/btrfs: handle more message headers
printk/kdb: handle more message headers
...
Since commit bda807d444 ("mm: migrate: support non-lru movable page
migration") isolate_migratepages_block) can isolate !PageLRU pages which
would acct_isolated account as NR_ISOLATED_*. Accounting these non-lru
pages NR_ISOLATED_{ANON,FILE} doesn't make any sense and it can misguide
heuristics based on those counters such as pgdat_reclaimable_pages resp.
too_many_isolated which would lead to unexpected stalls during the
direct reclaim without any good reason. Note that
__alloc_contig_migrate_range can isolate a lot of pages at once.
On mobile devices such as 512M ram android Phone, it may use a big zram
swap. In some cases zram(zsmalloc) uses too many non-lru but
migratedable pages, such as:
MemTotal: 468148 kB
Normal free:5620kB
Free swap:4736kB
Total swap:409596kB
ZRAM: 164616kB(zsmalloc non-lru pages)
active_anon:60700kB
inactive_anon:60744kB
active_file:34420kB
inactive_file:37532kB
Fix this by only accounting lru pages to NR_ISOLATED_* in
isolate_migratepages_block right after they were isolated and we still
know they were on LRU. Drop acct_isolated because it is called after
the fact and we've lost that information. Batching per-cpu counter
doesn't make much improvement anyway. Also make sure that we uncharge
only LRU pages when putting them back on the LRU in
putback_movable_pages resp. when unmap_and_move migrates the page.
[mhocko@suse.com: replace acct_isolated() with direct counting]
Fixes: bda807d444 ("mm: migrate: support non-lru movable page migration")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161019080240.9682-1-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ming Ling <ming.ling@spreadtrum.com>
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Install the callbacks via the state machine. Should the hotplug init fail then
no threads are spawned.
Signed-off-by: Anna-Maria Gleixner <anna-maria@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org
Cc: rt@linutronix.de
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161126231350.10321-15-bigeasy@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Fragmentation index and the vm.extfrag_threshold sysctl is meant as a
heuristic to prevent excessive compaction for costly orders (i.e. THP).
It's unlikely to make any difference for non-costly orders, especially
with the default threshold. But we cannot afford any uncertainty for
the non-costly orders where the only alternative to successful
reclaim/compaction is OOM. After the recent patches we are guaranteed
maximum effort without heuristics from compaction before deciding OOM,
and fragindex is the last remaining heuristic. Therefore skip fragindex
altogether for non-costly orders.
Suggested-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160926162025.21555-5-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The compaction_zonelist_suitable() function tries to determine if
compaction will be able to proceed after sufficient reclaim, i.e.
whether there are enough reclaimable pages to provide enough order-0
freepages for compaction.
This addition of reclaimable pages to the free pages works well for the
order-0 watermark check, but in the fragmentation index check we only
consider truly free pages. Thus we can get fragindex value close to 0
which indicates failure do to lack of memory, and wrongly decide that
compaction won't be suitable even after reclaim.
Instead of trying to somehow adjust fragindex for reclaimable pages,
let's just skip it from compaction_zonelist_suitable().
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160926162025.21555-4-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Several people have reported premature OOMs for order-2 allocations
(stack) due to OOM rework in 4.7. In the scenario (parallel kernel
build and dd writing to two drives) many pageblocks get marked as
Unmovable and compaction free scanner struggles to isolate free pages.
Joonsoo Kim pointed out that the free scanner skips pageblocks that are
not movable to prevent filling them and forcing non-movable allocations
to fallback to other pageblocks. Such heuristic makes sense to help
prevent long-term fragmentation, but premature OOMs are relatively more
urgent problem. As a compromise, this patch disables the heuristic only
for the ultimate compaction priority.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160906135258.18335-5-vbabka@suse.cz
Reported-by: Ralf-Peter Rohbeck <Ralf-Peter.Rohbeck@quantum.com>
Reported-by: Arkadiusz Miskiewicz <a.miskiewicz@gmail.com>
Reported-by: Olaf Hering <olaf@aepfle.de>
Suggested-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@i-love.sakura.ne.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The __compaction_suitable() function checks the low watermark plus a
compact_gap() gap to decide if there's enough free memory to perform
compaction. Then __isolate_free_page uses low watermark check to decide
if particular free page can be isolated. In the latter case, using low
watermark is needlessly pessimistic, as the free page isolations are
only temporary. For __compaction_suitable() the higher watermark makes
sense for high-order allocations where more freepages increase the
chance of success, and we can typically fail with some order-0 fallback
when the system is struggling to reach that watermark. But for
low-order allocation, forming the page should not be that hard. So
using low watermark here might just prevent compaction from even trying,
and eventually lead to OOM killer even if we are above min watermarks.
So after this patch, we use min watermark for non-costly orders in
__compaction_suitable(), and for all orders in __isolate_free_page().
[vbabka@suse.cz: clarify __isolate_free_page() comment]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/7ae4baec-4eca-e70b-2a69-94bea4fb19fa@suse.cz
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160810091226.6709-11-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Tested-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Tested-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The __compaction_suitable() function checks the low watermark plus a
compact_gap() gap to decide if there's enough free memory to perform
compaction. This check uses direct compactor's alloc_flags, but that's
wrong, since these flags are not applicable for freepage isolation.
For example, alloc_flags may indicate access to memory reserves, making
compaction proceed, and then fail watermark check during the isolation.
A similar problem exists for ALLOC_CMA, which may be part of
alloc_flags, but not during freepage isolation. In this case however it
makes sense to use ALLOC_CMA both in __compaction_suitable() and
__isolate_free_page(), since there's actually nothing preventing the
freepage scanner to isolate from CMA pageblocks, with the assumption
that a page that could be migrated once by compaction can be migrated
also later by CMA allocation. Thus we should count pages in CMA
pageblocks when considering compaction suitability and when isolating
freepages.
To sum up, this patch should remove some false positives from
__compaction_suitable(), and allow compaction to proceed when free pages
required for compaction reside in the CMA pageblocks.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160810091226.6709-10-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Tested-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Compaction uses a watermark gap of (2UL << order) pages at various
places and it's not immediately obvious why. Abstract it through a
compact_gap() wrapper to create a single place with a thorough
explanation.
[vbabka@suse.cz: clarify the comment of compact_gap()]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/7b6aed1f-fdf8-2063-9ff4-bbe4de712d37@suse.cz
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160810091226.6709-9-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Tested-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The __compact_finished() function uses low watermark in a check that has
to pass if the direct compaction is to finish and allocation should
succeed. This is too pessimistic, as the allocation will typically use
min watermark. It may happen that during compaction, we drop below the
low watermark (due to parallel activity), but still form the target
high-order page. By checking against low watermark, we might needlessly
continue compaction.
Similarly, __compaction_suitable() uses low watermark in a check whether
allocation can succeed without compaction. Again, this is unnecessarily
pessimistic.
After this patch, these check will use direct compactor's alloc_flags to
determine the watermark, which is effectively the min watermark.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160810091226.6709-8-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Tested-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
During reclaim/compaction loop, it's desirable to get a final answer
from unsuccessful compaction so we can either fail the allocation or
invoke the OOM killer. However, heuristics such as deferred compaction
or pageblock skip bits can cause compaction to skip parts or whole zones
and lead to premature OOM's, failures or excessive reclaim/compaction
retries.
To remedy this, we introduce a new direct compaction priority called
COMPACT_PRIO_SYNC_FULL, which instructs direct compaction to:
- ignore deferred compaction status for a zone
- ignore pageblock skip hints
- ignore cached scanner positions and scan the whole zone
The new priority should get eventually picked up by
should_compact_retry() and this should improve success rates for costly
allocations using __GFP_REPEAT, such as hugetlbfs allocations, and
reduce some corner-case OOM's for non-costly allocations.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160810091226.6709-6-vbabka@suse.cz
[vbabka@suse.cz: use the MIN_COMPACT_PRIORITY alias]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/d443b884-87e7-1c93-8684-3a3a35759fb1@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Tested-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Joonsoo has reminded me that in a later patch changing watermark checks
throughout compaction I forgot to update checks in
try_to_compact_pages() and compactd_do_work(). Closer inspection
however shows that they are redundant now in the success case, because
compact_zone() now reliably reports this with COMPACT_SUCCESS. So
effectively the checks just repeat (a subset) of checks that have just
passed. So instead of checking watermarks again, just test the return
value.
Note it's also possible that compaction would declare failure e.g.
because its find_suitable_fallback() is more strict than simple
watermark check, and then the watermark check we are removing would then
still succeed. After this patch this is not possible and it's arguably
better, because for long-term fragmentation avoidance we should rather
try a different zone than allocate with the unsuitable fallback. If
compaction of all zones fail and the allocation is important enough, it
will retry and succeed anyway.
Also remove the stray "bool success" variable from kcompactd_do_work().
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160810091226.6709-5-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reported-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Tested-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
COMPACT_PARTIAL has historically meant that compaction returned after
doing some work without fully compacting a zone. It however didn't
distinguish if compaction terminated because it succeeded in creating
the requested high-order page. This has changed recently and now we
only return COMPACT_PARTIAL when compaction thinks it succeeded, or the
high-order watermark check in compaction_suitable() passes and no
compaction needs to be done.
So at this point we can make the return value clearer by renaming it to
COMPACT_SUCCESS. The next patch will remove some redundant tests for
success where compaction just returned COMPACT_SUCCESS.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160810091226.6709-4-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Tested-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Since kswapd compaction moved to kcompactd, compact_pgdat() is not
called anymore, so we remove it. The only caller of __compact_pgdat()
is compact_node(), so we merge them and remove code that was only
reachable from kswapd.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160810091226.6709-3-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Tested-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Patch series "make direct compaction more deterministic")
This is mostly a followup to Michal's oom detection rework, which
highlighted the need for direct compaction to provide better feedback in
reclaim/compaction loop, so that it can reliably recognize when
compaction cannot make further progress, and allocation should invoke
OOM killer or fail. We've discussed this at LSF/MM [1] where I proposed
expanding the async/sync migration mode used in compaction to more
general "priorities". This patchset adds one new priority that just
overrides all the heuristics and makes compaction fully scan all zones.
I don't currently think that we need more fine-grained priorities, but
we'll see. Other than that there's some smaller fixes and cleanups,
mainly related to the THP-specific hacks.
I've tested this with stress-highalloc in GFP_KERNEL order-4 and
THP-like order-9 scenarios. There's some improvement for compaction
stats for the order-4, which is likely due to the better watermarks
handling. In the previous version I reported mostly noise wrt
compaction stats, and decreased direct reclaim - now the reclaim is
without difference. I believe this is due to the less aggressive
compaction priority increase in patch 6.
"before" is a mmotm tree prior to 4.7 release plus the first part of the
series that was sent and merged separately
before after
order-4:
Compaction stalls 27216 30759
Compaction success 19598 25475
Compaction failures 7617 5283
Page migrate success 370510 464919
Page migrate failure 25712 27987
Compaction pages isolated 849601 1041581
Compaction migrate scanned 143146541 101084990
Compaction free scanned 208355124 144863510
Compaction cost 1403 1210
order-9:
Compaction stalls 7311 7401
Compaction success 1634 1683
Compaction failures 5677 5718
Page migrate success 194657 183988
Page migrate failure 4753 4170
Compaction pages isolated 498790 456130
Compaction migrate scanned 565371 524174
Compaction free scanned 4230296 4250744
Compaction cost 215 203
[1] https://lwn.net/Articles/684611/
This patch (of 11):
A recent patch has added whole_zone flag that compaction sets when
scanning starts from the zone boundary, in order to report that zone has
been fully scanned in one attempt. For allocations that want to try
really hard or cannot fail, we will want to introduce a mode where
scanning whole zone is guaranteed regardless of the cached positions.
This patch reuses the whole_zone flag in a way that if it's already
passed true to compaction, the cached scanner positions are ignored.
Employing this flag during reclaim/compaction loop will be done in the
next patch. This patch however converts compaction invoked from
userspace via procfs to use this flag. Before this patch, the cached
positions were first reset to zone boundaries and then read back from
struct zone, so there was a window where a parallel compaction could
replace the reset values, making the manual compaction less effective.
Using the flag instead of performing reset is more robust.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160810091226.6709-2-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Tested-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Async compaction detects contention either due to failing trylock on
zone->lock or lru_lock, or by need_resched(). Since 1f9efdef4f ("mm,
compaction: khugepaged should not give up due to need_resched()") the
code got quite complicated to distinguish these two up to the
__alloc_pages_slowpath() level, so different decisions could be taken
for khugepaged allocations.
After the recent changes, khugepaged allocations don't check for
contended compaction anymore, so we again don't need to distinguish lock
and sched contention, and simplify the current convoluted code a lot.
However, I believe it's also possible to simplify even more and
completely remove the check for contended compaction after the initial
async compaction for costly orders, which was originally aimed at THP
page fault allocations. There are several reasons why this can be done
now:
- with the new defaults, THP page faults no longer do reclaim/compaction at
all, unless the system admin has overridden the default, or application has
indicated via madvise that it can benefit from THP's. In both cases, it
means that the potential extra latency is expected and worth the benefits.
- even if reclaim/compaction proceeds after this patch where it previously
wouldn't, the second compaction attempt is still async and will detect the
contention and back off, if the contention persists
- there are still heuristics like deferred compaction and pageblock skip bits
in place that prevent excessive THP page fault latencies
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160721073614.24395-9-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In the context of direct compaction, for some types of allocations we
would like the compaction to either succeed or definitely fail while
trying as hard as possible. Current async/sync_light migration mode is
insufficient, as there are heuristics such as caching scanner positions,
marking pageblocks as unsuitable or deferring compaction for a zone. At
least the final compaction attempt should be able to override these
heuristics.
To communicate how hard compaction should try, we replace migration mode
with a new enum compact_priority and change the relevant function
signatures. In compact_zone_order() where struct compact_control is
constructed, the priority is mapped to suitable control flags. This
patch itself has no functional change, as the current priority levels
are mapped back to the same migration modes as before. Expanding them
will be done next.
Note that !CONFIG_COMPACTION variant of try_to_compact_pages() is
removed, as the only caller exists under CONFIG_COMPACTION.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160721073614.24395-8-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
At present MIGRATE_SYNC_LIGHT is allowing __isolate_lru_page() to
isolate a PageWriteback page, which __unmap_and_move() then rejects with
-EBUSY: of course the writeback might complete in between, but that's
not what we usually expect, so probably better not to isolate it.
When tested by stress-highalloc from mmtests, this has reduced the
number of page migrate failures by 60-70%.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160721073614.24395-2-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
If per-zone LRU accounting is available then there is no point
approximating whether reclaim and compaction should retry based on pgdat
statistics. This is effectively a revert of "mm, vmstat: remove zone
and node double accounting by approximating retries" with the difference
that inactive/active stats are still available. This preserves the
history of why the approximation was retried and why it had to be
reverted to handle OOM kills on 32-bit systems.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1469110261-7365-4-git-send-email-mgorman@techsingularity.net
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The number of LRU pages, dirty pages and writeback pages must be
accounted for on both zones and nodes because of the reclaim retry
logic, compaction retry logic and highmem calculations all depending on
per-zone stats.
Many lowmem allocations are immune from OOM kill due to a check in
__alloc_pages_may_oom for (ac->high_zoneidx < ZONE_NORMAL) since commit
03668b3ceb ("oom: avoid oom killer for lowmem allocations"). The
exception is costly high-order allocations or allocations that cannot
fail. If the __alloc_pages_may_oom avoids OOM-kill for low-order lowmem
allocations then it would fall through to __alloc_pages_direct_compact.
This patch will blindly retry reclaim for zone-constrained allocations
in should_reclaim_retry up to MAX_RECLAIM_RETRIES. This is not ideal
but without per-zone stats there are not many alternatives. The impact
it that zone-constrained allocations may delay before considering the
OOM killer.
As there is no guarantee enough memory can ever be freed to satisfy
compaction, this patch avoids retrying compaction for zone-contrained
allocations.
In combination, that means that the per-node stats can be used when
deciding whether to continue reclaim using a rough approximation. While
it is possible this will make the wrong decision on occasion, it will
not infinite loop as the number of reclaim attempts is capped by
MAX_RECLAIM_RETRIES.
The final step is calculating the number of dirtyable highmem pages. As
those calculations only care about the global count of file pages in
highmem. This patch uses a global counter used instead of per-zone
stats as it is sufficient.
In combination, this allows the per-zone LRU and dirty state counters to
be removed.
[mgorman@techsingularity.net: fix acct_highmem_file_pages()]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1468853426-12858-4-git-send-email-mgorman@techsingularity.netLink: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1467970510-21195-35-git-send-email-mgorman@techsingularity.net
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Suggested by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This moves the LRU lists from the zone to the node and related data such
as counters, tracing, congestion tracking and writeback tracking.
Unfortunately, due to reclaim and compaction retry logic, it is
necessary to account for the number of LRU pages on both zone and node
logic. Most reclaim logic is based on the node counters but the retry
logic uses the zone counters which do not distinguish inactive and
active sizes. It would be possible to leave the LRU counters on a
per-zone basis but it's a heavier calculation across multiple cache
lines that is much more frequent than the retry checks.
Other than the LRU counters, this is mostly a mechanical patch but note
that it introduces a number of anomalies. For example, the scans are
per-zone but using per-node counters. We also mark a node as congested
when a zone is congested. This causes weird problems that are fixed
later but is easier to review.
In the event that there is excessive overhead on 32-bit systems due to
the nodes being on LRU then there are two potential solutions
1. Long-term isolation of highmem pages when reclaim is lowmem
When pages are skipped, they are immediately added back onto the LRU
list. If lowmem reclaim persisted for long periods of time, the same
highmem pages get continually scanned. The idea would be that lowmem
keeps those pages on a separate list until a reclaim for highmem pages
arrives that splices the highmem pages back onto the LRU. It potentially
could be implemented similar to the UNEVICTABLE list.
That would reduce the skip rate with the potential corner case is that
highmem pages have to be scanned and reclaimed to free lowmem slab pages.
2. Linear scan lowmem pages if the initial LRU shrink fails
This will break LRU ordering but may be preferable and faster during
memory pressure than skipping LRU pages.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1467970510-21195-4-git-send-email-mgorman@techsingularity.net
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Node-based reclaim requires node-based LRUs and locking. This is a
preparation patch that just moves the lru_lock to the node so later
patches are easier to review. It is a mechanical change but note this
patch makes contention worse because the LRU lock is hotter and direct
reclaim and kswapd can contend on the same lock even when reclaiming
from different zones.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1467970510-21195-3-git-send-email-mgorman@techsingularity.net
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Mel Gorman