While discussing[1] the need for glibc to have access to random bytes
during program load, it seems that an earlier attempt to implement
AT_RANDOM got stalled. This implements a random 16 byte string, available
to every ELF program via a new auxv AT_RANDOM vector.
[1] http://sourceware.org/ml/libc-alpha/2008-10/msg00006.html
Ulrich said:
glibc needs right after startup a bit of random data for internal
protections (stack canary etc). What is now in upstream glibc is that we
always unconditionally open /dev/urandom, read some data, and use it. For
every process startup. That's slow.
...
The solution is to provide a limited amount of random data to the
starting process in the aux vector. I suggested 16 bytes and this is
what the patch implements. If we need only 16 bytes or less we use the
data directly. If we need more we'll use the 16 bytes to see a PRNG.
This avoids the costly /dev/urandom use and it allows the kernel to use
the most adequate source of random data for this purpose. It might not
be the same pool as that for /dev/urandom.
Concerns were expressed about the depletion of the randomness pool. But
this patch doesn't make the situation worse, it doesn't deplete entropy
more than happens now.
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <kees.cook@canonical.com>
Cc: Jakub Jelinek <jakub@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
arch_setup_additional_pages currently gets two arguments, the binary
format descripton and an indication if the process uses an executable
stack or not. The second argument is not used by anybody, it could
be removed without replacement.
What actually does make sense is to pass an indication if the process
uses the elf interpreter or not. The glibc code will not use anything
from the vdso if the process does not use the dynamic linker, so for
statically linked binaries the architecture backend can choose not
to map the vdso.
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Make execve() take advantage of copy-on-write credentials, allowing it to set
up the credentials in advance, and then commit the whole lot after the point
of no return.
This patch and the preceding patches have been tested with the LTP SELinux
testsuite.
This patch makes several logical sets of alteration:
(1) execve().
The credential bits from struct linux_binprm are, for the most part,
replaced with a single credentials pointer (bprm->cred). This means that
all the creds can be calculated in advance and then applied at the point
of no return with no possibility of failure.
I would like to replace bprm->cap_effective with:
cap_isclear(bprm->cap_effective)
but this seems impossible due to special behaviour for processes of pid 1
(they always retain their parent's capability masks where normally they'd
be changed - see cap_bprm_set_creds()).
The following sequence of events now happens:
(a) At the start of do_execve, the current task's cred_exec_mutex is
locked to prevent PTRACE_ATTACH from obsoleting the calculation of
creds that we make.
(a) prepare_exec_creds() is then called to make a copy of the current
task's credentials and prepare it. This copy is then assigned to
bprm->cred.
This renders security_bprm_alloc() and security_bprm_free()
unnecessary, and so they've been removed.
(b) The determination of unsafe execution is now performed immediately
after (a) rather than later on in the code. The result is stored in
bprm->unsafe for future reference.
(c) prepare_binprm() is called, possibly multiple times.
(i) This applies the result of set[ug]id binaries to the new creds
attached to bprm->cred. Personality bit clearance is recorded,
but now deferred on the basis that the exec procedure may yet
fail.
(ii) This then calls the new security_bprm_set_creds(). This should
calculate the new LSM and capability credentials into *bprm->cred.
This folds together security_bprm_set() and parts of
security_bprm_apply_creds() (these two have been removed).
Anything that might fail must be done at this point.
(iii) bprm->cred_prepared is set to 1.
bprm->cred_prepared is 0 on the first pass of the security
calculations, and 1 on all subsequent passes. This allows SELinux
in (ii) to base its calculations only on the initial script and
not on the interpreter.
(d) flush_old_exec() is called to commit the task to execution. This
performs the following steps with regard to credentials:
(i) Clear pdeath_signal and set dumpable on certain circumstances that
may not be covered by commit_creds().
(ii) Clear any bits in current->personality that were deferred from
(c.i).
(e) install_exec_creds() [compute_creds() as was] is called to install the
new credentials. This performs the following steps with regard to
credentials:
(i) Calls security_bprm_committing_creds() to apply any security
requirements, such as flushing unauthorised files in SELinux, that
must be done before the credentials are changed.
This is made up of bits of security_bprm_apply_creds() and
security_bprm_post_apply_creds(), both of which have been removed.
This function is not allowed to fail; anything that might fail
must have been done in (c.ii).
(ii) Calls commit_creds() to apply the new credentials in a single
assignment (more or less). Possibly pdeath_signal and dumpable
should be part of struct creds.
(iii) Unlocks the task's cred_replace_mutex, thus allowing
PTRACE_ATTACH to take place.
(iv) Clears The bprm->cred pointer as the credentials it was holding
are now immutable.
(v) Calls security_bprm_committed_creds() to apply any security
alterations that must be done after the creds have been changed.
SELinux uses this to flush signals and signal handlers.
(f) If an error occurs before (d.i), bprm_free() will call abort_creds()
to destroy the proposed new credentials and will then unlock
cred_replace_mutex. No changes to the credentials will have been
made.
(2) LSM interface.
A number of functions have been changed, added or removed:
(*) security_bprm_alloc(), ->bprm_alloc_security()
(*) security_bprm_free(), ->bprm_free_security()
Removed in favour of preparing new credentials and modifying those.
(*) security_bprm_apply_creds(), ->bprm_apply_creds()
(*) security_bprm_post_apply_creds(), ->bprm_post_apply_creds()
Removed; split between security_bprm_set_creds(),
security_bprm_committing_creds() and security_bprm_committed_creds().
(*) security_bprm_set(), ->bprm_set_security()
Removed; folded into security_bprm_set_creds().
(*) security_bprm_set_creds(), ->bprm_set_creds()
New. The new credentials in bprm->creds should be checked and set up
as appropriate. bprm->cred_prepared is 0 on the first call, 1 on the
second and subsequent calls.
(*) security_bprm_committing_creds(), ->bprm_committing_creds()
(*) security_bprm_committed_creds(), ->bprm_committed_creds()
New. Apply the security effects of the new credentials. This
includes closing unauthorised files in SELinux. This function may not
fail. When the former is called, the creds haven't yet been applied
to the process; when the latter is called, they have.
The former may access bprm->cred, the latter may not.
(3) SELinux.
SELinux has a number of changes, in addition to those to support the LSM
interface changes mentioned above:
(a) The bprm_security_struct struct has been removed in favour of using
the credentials-under-construction approach.
(c) flush_unauthorized_files() now takes a cred pointer and passes it on
to inode_has_perm(), file_has_perm() and dentry_open().
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Acked-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Use RCU to access another task's creds and to release a task's own creds.
This means that it will be possible for the credentials of a task to be
replaced without another task (a) requiring a full lock to read them, and (b)
seeing deallocated memory.
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Acked-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Wrap current->cred and a few other accessors to hide their actual
implementation.
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Acked-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Separate the task security context from task_struct. At this point, the
security data is temporarily embedded in the task_struct with two pointers
pointing to it.
Note that the Alpha arch is altered as it refers to (E)UID and (E)GID in
entry.S via asm-offsets.
With comment fixes Signed-off-by: Marc Dionne <marc.c.dionne@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Acked-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
* 'v28-timers-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: (36 commits)
fix documentation of sysrq-q really
Fix documentation of sysrq-q
timer_list: add base address to clock base
timer_list: print cpu number of clockevents device
timer_list: print real timer address
NOHZ: restart tick device from irq_enter()
NOHZ: split tick_nohz_restart_sched_tick()
NOHZ: unify the nohz function calls in irq_enter()
timers: fix itimer/many thread hang, fix
timers: fix itimer/many thread hang, v3
ntp: improve adjtimex frequency rounding
timekeeping: fix rounding problem during clock update
ntp: let update_persistent_clock() sleep
hrtimer: reorder struct hrtimer to save 8 bytes on 64bit builds
posix-timers: lock_timer: make it readable
posix-timers: lock_timer: kill the bogus ->it_id check
posix-timers: kill ->it_sigev_signo and ->it_sigev_value
posix-timers: sys_timer_create: cleanup the error handling
posix-timers: move the initialization of timer->sigq from send to create path
posix-timers: sys_timer_create: simplify and s/tasklist/rcu/
...
Fix trivial conflicts due to sysrq-q description clahes in
Documentation/sysrq.txt and drivers/char/sysrq.c
Presently hugepage's vma has a VM_RESERVED flag in order not to be
swapped. But a VM_RESERVED vma isn't core dumped because this flag is
often used for some kernel vmas (e.g. vmalloc, sound related).
Thus hugepages are never dumped and it can't be debugged easily. Many
developers want hugepages to be included into core-dump.
However, We can't read generic VM_RESERVED area because this area is often
IO mapping area. then these area reading may change device state. it is
definitly undesiable side-effect.
So adding a hugepage specific bit to the coredump filter is better. It
will be able to hugepage core dumping and doesn't cause any side-effect to
any i/o devices.
In additional, libhugetlb use hugetlb private mapping pages as anonymous
page. Then, hugepage private mapping pages should be core dumped by
default.
Then, /proc/[pid]/core_dump_filter has two new bits.
- bit 5 mean hugetlb private mapping pages are dumped or not. (default: yes)
- bit 6 mean hugetlb shared mapping pages are dumped or not. (default: no)
I tested by following method.
% ulimit -c unlimited
% ./crash_hugepage 50
% ./crash_hugepage 50 -p
% ls -lh
% gdb ./crash_hugepage core
%
% echo 0x43 > /proc/self/coredump_filter
% ./crash_hugepage 50
% ./crash_hugepage 50 -p
% ls -lh
% gdb ./crash_hugepage core
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "hugetlbfs.h"
int main(int argc, char** argv){
char* p;
int ch;
int mmap_flags = MAP_SHARED;
int fd;
int nr_pages;
while((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "p")) != -1) {
switch (ch) {
case 'p':
mmap_flags &= ~MAP_SHARED;
mmap_flags |= MAP_PRIVATE;
break;
default:
/* nothing*/
break;
}
}
argc -= optind;
argv += optind;
if (argc == 0){
printf("need # of pages\n");
exit(1);
}
nr_pages = atoi(argv[0]);
if (nr_pages < 2) {
printf("nr_pages must >2\n");
exit(1);
}
fd = hugetlbfs_unlinked_fd();
p = mmap(NULL, nr_pages * gethugepagesize(),
PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, mmap_flags, fd, 0);
sleep(2);
*(p + gethugepagesize()) = 1; /* COW */
sleep(2);
/* crash! */
*(int*)0 = 1;
return 0;
}
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Kawai Hidehiro <hidehiro.kawai.ez@hitachi.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: William Irwin <wli@holomorphy.com>
Cc: Adam Litke <agl@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The SET_PERSONALITY macro is always called with a second argument of 0.
Remove the ibcs argument and the various tests to set the PER_SVR4
personality.
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Overview
This patch reworks the handling of POSIX CPU timers, including the
ITIMER_PROF, ITIMER_VIRT timers and rlimit handling. It was put together
with the help of Roland McGrath, the owner and original writer of this code.
The problem we ran into, and the reason for this rework, has to do with using
a profiling timer in a process with a large number of threads. It appears
that the performance of the old implementation of run_posix_cpu_timers() was
at least O(n*3) (where "n" is the number of threads in a process) or worse.
Everything is fine with an increasing number of threads until the time taken
for that routine to run becomes the same as or greater than the tick time, at
which point things degrade rather quickly.
This patch fixes bug 9906, "Weird hang with NPTL and SIGPROF."
Code Changes
This rework corrects the implementation of run_posix_cpu_timers() to make it
run in constant time for a particular machine. (Performance may vary between
one machine and another depending upon whether the kernel is built as single-
or multiprocessor and, in the latter case, depending upon the number of
running processors.) To do this, at each tick we now update fields in
signal_struct as well as task_struct. The run_posix_cpu_timers() function
uses those fields to make its decisions.
We define a new structure, "task_cputime," to contain user, system and
scheduler times and use these in appropriate places:
struct task_cputime {
cputime_t utime;
cputime_t stime;
unsigned long long sum_exec_runtime;
};
This is included in the structure "thread_group_cputime," which is a new
substructure of signal_struct and which varies for uniprocessor versus
multiprocessor kernels. For uniprocessor kernels, it uses "task_cputime" as
a simple substructure, while for multiprocessor kernels it is a pointer:
struct thread_group_cputime {
struct task_cputime totals;
};
struct thread_group_cputime {
struct task_cputime *totals;
};
We also add a new task_cputime substructure directly to signal_struct, to
cache the earliest expiration of process-wide timers, and task_cputime also
replaces the it_*_expires fields of task_struct (used for earliest expiration
of thread timers). The "thread_group_cputime" structure contains process-wide
timers that are updated via account_user_time() and friends. In the non-SMP
case the structure is a simple aggregator; unfortunately in the SMP case that
simplicity was not achievable due to cache-line contention between CPUs (in
one measured case performance was actually _worse_ on a 16-cpu system than
the same test on a 4-cpu system, due to this contention). For SMP, the
thread_group_cputime counters are maintained as a per-cpu structure allocated
using alloc_percpu(). The timer functions update only the timer field in
the structure corresponding to the running CPU, obtained using per_cpu_ptr().
We define a set of inline functions in sched.h that we use to maintain the
thread_group_cputime structure and hide the differences between UP and SMP
implementations from the rest of the kernel. The thread_group_cputime_init()
function initializes the thread_group_cputime structure for the given task.
The thread_group_cputime_alloc() is a no-op for UP; for SMP it calls the
out-of-line function thread_group_cputime_alloc_smp() to allocate and fill
in the per-cpu structures and fields. The thread_group_cputime_free()
function, also a no-op for UP, in SMP frees the per-cpu structures. The
thread_group_cputime_clone_thread() function (also a UP no-op) for SMP calls
thread_group_cputime_alloc() if the per-cpu structures haven't yet been
allocated. The thread_group_cputime() function fills the task_cputime
structure it is passed with the contents of the thread_group_cputime fields;
in UP it's that simple but in SMP it must also safely check that tsk->signal
is non-NULL (if it is it just uses the appropriate fields of task_struct) and,
if so, sums the per-cpu values for each online CPU. Finally, the three
functions account_group_user_time(), account_group_system_time() and
account_group_exec_runtime() are used by timer functions to update the
respective fields of the thread_group_cputime structure.
Non-SMP operation is trivial and will not be mentioned further.
The per-cpu structure is always allocated when a task creates its first new
thread, via a call to thread_group_cputime_clone_thread() from copy_signal().
It is freed at process exit via a call to thread_group_cputime_free() from
cleanup_signal().
All functions that formerly summed utime/stime/sum_sched_runtime values from
from all threads in the thread group now use thread_group_cputime() to
snapshot the values in the thread_group_cputime structure or the values in
the task structure itself if the per-cpu structure hasn't been allocated.
Finally, the code in kernel/posix-cpu-timers.c has changed quite a bit.
The run_posix_cpu_timers() function has been split into a fast path and a
slow path; the former safely checks whether there are any expired thread
timers and, if not, just returns, while the slow path does the heavy lifting.
With the dedicated thread group fields, timers are no longer "rebalanced" and
the process_timer_rebalance() function and related code has gone away. All
summing loops are gone and all code that used them now uses the
thread_group_cputime() inline. When process-wide timers are set, the new
task_cputime structure in signal_struct is used to cache the earliest
expiration; this is checked in the fast path.
Performance
The fix appears not to add significant overhead to existing operations. It
generally performs the same as the current code except in two cases, one in
which it performs slightly worse (Case 5 below) and one in which it performs
very significantly better (Case 2 below). Overall it's a wash except in those
two cases.
I've since done somewhat more involved testing on a dual-core Opteron system.
Case 1: With no itimer running, for a test with 100,000 threads, the fixed
kernel took 1428.5 seconds, 513 seconds more than the unfixed system,
all of which was spent in the system. There were twice as many
voluntary context switches with the fix as without it.
Case 2: With an itimer running at .01 second ticks and 4000 threads (the most
an unmodified kernel can handle), the fixed kernel ran the test in
eight percent of the time (5.8 seconds as opposed to 70 seconds) and
had better tick accuracy (.012 seconds per tick as opposed to .023
seconds per tick).
Case 3: A 4000-thread test with an initial timer tick of .01 second and an
interval of 10,000 seconds (i.e. a timer that ticks only once) had
very nearly the same performance in both cases: 6.3 seconds elapsed
for the fixed kernel versus 5.5 seconds for the unfixed kernel.
With fewer threads (eight in these tests), the Case 1 test ran in essentially
the same time on both the modified and unmodified kernels (5.2 seconds versus
5.8 seconds). The Case 2 test ran in about the same time as well, 5.9 seconds
versus 5.4 seconds but again with much better tick accuracy, .013 seconds per
tick versus .025 seconds per tick for the unmodified kernel.
Since the fix affected the rlimit code, I also tested soft and hard CPU limits.
Case 4: With a hard CPU limit of 20 seconds and eight threads (and an itimer
running), the modified kernel was very slightly favored in that while
it killed the process in 19.997 seconds of CPU time (5.002 seconds of
wall time), only .003 seconds of that was system time, the rest was
user time. The unmodified kernel killed the process in 20.001 seconds
of CPU (5.014 seconds of wall time) of which .016 seconds was system
time. Really, though, the results were too close to call. The results
were essentially the same with no itimer running.
Case 5: With a soft limit of 20 seconds and a hard limit of 2000 seconds
(where the hard limit would never be reached) and an itimer running,
the modified kernel exhibited worse tick accuracy than the unmodified
kernel: .050 seconds/tick versus .028 seconds/tick. Otherwise,
performance was almost indistinguishable. With no itimer running this
test exhibited virtually identical behavior and times in both cases.
In times past I did some limited performance testing. those results are below.
On a four-cpu Opteron system without this fix, a sixteen-thread test executed
in 3569.991 seconds, of which user was 3568.435s and system was 1.556s. On
the same system with the fix, user and elapsed time were about the same, but
system time dropped to 0.007 seconds. Performance with eight, four and one
thread were comparable. Interestingly, the timer ticks with the fix seemed
more accurate: The sixteen-thread test with the fix received 149543 ticks
for 0.024 seconds per tick, while the same test without the fix received 58720
for 0.061 seconds per tick. Both cases were configured for an interval of
0.01 seconds. Again, the other tests were comparable. Each thread in this
test computed the primes up to 25,000,000.
I also did a test with a large number of threads, 100,000 threads, which is
impossible without the fix. In this case each thread computed the primes only
up to 10,000 (to make the runtime manageable). System time dominated, at
1546.968 seconds out of a total 2176.906 seconds (giving a user time of
629.938s). It received 147651 ticks for 0.015 seconds per tick, still quite
accurate. There is obviously no comparable test without the fix.
Signed-off-by: Frank Mayhar <fmayhar@google.com>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
This moves all the ptrace hooks related to exec into tracehook.h inlines.
This also lifts the calls for tracing out of the binfmt load_binary hooks
into search_binary_handler() after it calls into the binfmt module. This
change has no effect, since all the binfmt modules' load_binary functions
did the call at the end on success, and now search_binary_handler() does
it immediately after return if successful. We consolidate the repeated
code, and binfmt modules no longer need to import ptrace_notify().
Signed-off-by: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Reviewed-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* 'merge' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/benh/powerpc: (34 commits)
powerpc: Wireup new syscalls
Move update_mmu_cache() declaration from tlbflush.h to pgtable.h
powerpc/pseries: Remove kmalloc call in handling writes to lparcfg
powerpc/pseries: Update arch vector to indicate support for CMO
ibmvfc: Add support for collaborative memory overcommit
ibmvscsi: driver enablement for CMO
ibmveth: enable driver for CMO
ibmveth: Automatically enable larger rx buffer pools for larger mtu
powerpc/pseries: Verify CMO memory entitlement updates with virtual I/O
powerpc/pseries: vio bus support for CMO
powerpc/pseries: iommu enablement for CMO
powerpc/pseries: Add CMO paging statistics
powerpc/pseries: Add collaborative memory manager
powerpc/pseries: Utilities to set firmware page state
powerpc/pseries: Enable CMO feature during platform setup
powerpc/pseries: Split retrieval of processor entitlement data into a helper routine
powerpc/pseries: Add memory entitlement capabilities to /proc/ppc64/lparcfg
powerpc/pseries: Split processor entitlement retrieval and gathering to helper routines
powerpc/pseries: Remove extraneous error reporting for hcall failures in lparcfg
powerpc: Fix compile error with binutils 2.15
...
Fixed up conflict in arch/powerpc/platforms/52xx/Kconfig manually.
Kill the nasty rcu_read_lock() + do_each_thread() loop, use the list
encoded in mm->core_state instead, s/GFP_ATOMIC/GFP_KERNEL/.
This patch allows futher cleanups in binfmt_elf.c, in particular we can
kill the parallel info->threads list.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Acked-by: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
linux_binfmt->core_dump() runs before the process does exit_aio(), this
means that we can hit the kernel thread which shares the same ->mm.
Afaics, nothing really bad can happen, but perhaps it makes sense to fix
this minor bug.
It is sad we have to iterate over all threads in system and use
GFP_ATOMIC. Hopefully we can kill theses ugly do_each_thread()s, but this
needs some nontrivial changes in mm_struct and do_coredump.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Some IBM POWER-based platforms have the ability to run in a
mode which mostly appears to the OS as a different processor from the
actual hardware. For example, a Power6 system may appear to be a
Power5+, which makes the AT_PLATFORM value "power5+". This means that
programs are restricted to the ISA supported by Power5+;
Power6-specific instructions are treated as illegal.
However, some applications (virtual machines, optimized libraries) can
benefit from knowledge of the underlying CPU model. A new aux vector
entry, AT_BASE_PLATFORM, will denote the actual hardware. For
example, on a Power6 system in Power5+ compatibility mode, AT_PLATFORM
will be "power5+" and AT_BASE_PLATFORM will be "power6". The idea is
that AT_PLATFORM indicates the instruction set supported, while
AT_BASE_PLATFORM indicates the underlying microarchitecture.
If the architecture has defined ELF_BASE_PLATFORM, copy that value to
the user stack in the same manner as ELF_PLATFORM.
Signed-off-by: Nathan Lynch <ntl@pobox.com>
Acked-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
The Linux kernel puts the filename argument of execve() into the new
address space. Many developers are surprised to learn this. Those who
know and could use it, object "But it's not documented."
Those who want to use it dislike the expression
(char *)(1+ strlen(env[-1+ n_env]) + env[-1+ n_env])
because it requires locating the last original environment variable,
and assumes that the filename follows the characters.
This patch documents the insertion of the filename, and makes it easier
to find by adding a new tag AT_EXECFN in the ElfXX_auxv_t; see <elf.h>.
In many cases readlink("/proc/self/exe",) gives the same answer. But if
all the original pages get unmapped, then the kernel erases the symlink
for /proc/self/exe. This can happen when a program decompressor does a
good job of cleaning up after uncompressing directly to memory, so that
the address space of the target program looks the same as if compression
had never happened. One example is http://upx.sourceforge.net .
One notable use of the underlying concept (what path containED the
executable) is glibc expanding $ORIGIN in DT_RUNPATH. In practice for
the near term, it may be a good idea for user-mode code to use both
/proc/self/exe and AT_EXECFN as fall-back methods for each other.
/proc/self/exe can fail due to unmapping, AT_EXECFN can fail because it
won't be present on non-new systems. The auxvec or {AT_EXECFN}.d_val
also can get overwritten, although in nearly all cases this would be the
result of a bug.
The runtime cost is one NEW_AUX_ENT using two words of stack space. The
underlying value is maintained already as bprm->exec; setup_arg_pages()
in fs/exec.c slides it for stack_shift, etc.
Signed-off-by: John Reiser <jreiser@BitWagon.com>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Cc: Jakub Jelinek <jakub@redhat.com>
Cc: Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In commit d20894a237 ("Remove a.out
interpreter support in ELF loader"), Andi removed support for a.out
interpreters from the ELF loader, which was only ever needed for the
transition from a.out to ELF.
This removes the last traces of that support, in particular the
inclusion of <linux/a.out.h>.
Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Peter Korsgaard <jacmet@sunsite.dk>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
create_elf_tables() returns 0 on success. But when strnlen_user() "fails",
it returns 0 directly. So this is wrong.
Signed-off-by: WANG Cong <wangcong@zeuux.org>
Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
In kmalloc failing path, we shouldn't free pointers in 'info',
because the struct 'info' is uninitilized when kmalloc is called.
And when kmalloc returns NULL, it's needless to kfree it.
Signed-off-by: WANG Cong <wangcong@zeuux.org>
Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Reviewed-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
--
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Fix these sparse warings:
fs/binfmt_elf.c:1749:29: warning: symbol 'tmp' shadows an earlier one
fs/binfmt_elf.c:1734:28: originally declared here
fs/binfmt_elf.c:2009:26: warning: symbol 'vma' shadows an earlier one
fs/binfmt_elf.c:1892:24: originally declared here
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: chose better variable name]
Signed-off-by: WANG Cong <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch does simplify fill_elf_header function by setting
to zero the whole elf header first. So we fillup the fields
we really need only.
before:
text data bss dec hex filename
11735 80 0 11815 2e27 fs/binfmt_elf.o
after:
text data bss dec hex filename
11710 80 0 11790 2e0e fs/binfmt_elf.o
viola, 25 bytes of text is freed
Signed-off-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* unshare_files() can fail; doing it after irreversible actions is wrong
and de_thread() is certainly irreversible.
* since we do it unconditionally anyway, we might as well do it in do_execve()
and save ourselves the PITA in binfmt handlers, etc.
* while we are at it, binfmt_som actually leaked files_struct on failure.
As a side benefit, unshare_files(), put_files_struct() and reset_files_struct()
become unexported.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
This makes the user_regset-based core dump code call user_regset writeback
hooks when available. This is necessary groundwork to allow IA64 to set
CORE_DUMP_USE_REGSET.
Cc: Shaohua Li <shaohua.li@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Following the deprecation schedule the a.out ELF interpreter support
is removed now with this patch. a.out ELF interpreters were an transition
feature for moving a.out systems to ELF, but they're unlikely to be still
needed. Pure a.out systems will still work of course. This allows to
simplify the hairy ELF loader.
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Suppress A.OUT library support if CONFIG_ARCH_SUPPORTS_AOUT is not set.
Not all architectures support the A.OUT binfmt, so the ELF binfmt should not
be permitted to go looking for A.OUT libraries to load in such a case. Not
only that, but under such conditions A.OUT core dumps are not produced either.
To make this work, this patch also does the following:
(1) Makes the existence of the contents of linux/a.out.h contingent on
CONFIG_ARCH_SUPPORTS_AOUT.
(2) Renames dump_thread() to aout_dump_thread() as it's only called by A.OUT
core dumping code.
(3) Moves aout_dump_thread() into asm/a.out-core.h and makes it inline. This
is then included only where needed. This means that this bit of arch
code will be stored in the appropriate A.OUT binfmt module rather than
the core kernel.
(4) Drops A.OUT support for Blackfin (according to Mike Frysinger it's not
needed) and FRV.
This patch depends on the previous patch to move STACK_TOP[_MAX] out of
asm/a.out.h and into asm/processor.h as they're required whether or not A.OUT
format is available.
[jdike@addtoit.com: uml: re-remove accidentally restored code]
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: <linux-arch@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
based on similar patch from: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Introduce CONFIG_COMPAT_BRK. If disabled then the kernel is free
(but not obliged to) randomize the brk area.
Heap randomization breaks ancient binaries, so we keep COMPAT_BRK
enabled by default.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
ibcs2 support has never been supported on 2.6 kernels as far as I know,
and if it has it must have been an external patch. Anyways, if anybody
applies an external patch they could as well readd the ibcs checking
code to the ELF loader in the same patch. But there is no reason to
keep this code running in all Linux kernels. This will save at least
two strcmps each ELF execution.
No deprecation period because it could not have been used anyway.
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
This modifies the ELF core dump code under #ifdef CORE_DUMP_USE_REGSET.
It changes nothing when this macro is not defined. When it's #define'd
by some arch header (e.g. asm/elf.h), the arch must support the
user_regset (linux/regset.h) interface for reading thread state.
This provides an alternate version of note segment writing that is based
purely on the user_regset interfaces. When CORE_DUMP_USE_REGSET is set,
the arch need not define macros such as ELF_CORE_COPY_REGS and ELF_ARCH.
All that information is taken from the user_regset data structures.
The core dumps come out exactly the same if arch's definitions for its
user_regset details are correct.
Signed-off-by: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
This pulls out the code for writing the notes segment of an ELF core dump
into separate functions. This cleanly isolates into one cluster of
functions everything that deals with the note formats and the hooks into
arch code to fill them. The top-level elf_core_dump function itself now
deals purely with the generic ELF format and the memory segments.
This only moves code around into functions that can be inlined away.
It should not change any behavior at all.
Signed-off-by: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
#39: FILE: arch/ia64/ia32/binfmt_elf32.c:229:
+elf32_map (struct file *filep, unsigned long addr, struct elf_phdr *eppnt, int prot, int type, unsigned long unused)
WARNING: no space between function name and open parenthesis '('
#39: FILE: arch/ia64/ia32/binfmt_elf32.c:229:
+elf32_map (struct file *filep, unsigned long addr, struct elf_phdr *eppnt, int prot, int type, unsigned long unused)
WARNING: line over 80 characters
#67: FILE: arch/x86/kernel/sys_x86_64.c:80:
+ new_begin = randomize_range(*begin, *begin + 0x02000000, 0);
ERROR: use tabs not spaces
#110: FILE: arch/x86/kernel/sys_x86_64.c:185:
+ ^I mm->cached_hole_size = 0;$
ERROR: use tabs not spaces
#111: FILE: arch/x86/kernel/sys_x86_64.c:186:
+ ^I^Imm->free_area_cache = mm->mmap_base;$
ERROR: use tabs not spaces
#112: FILE: arch/x86/kernel/sys_x86_64.c:187:
+ ^I}$
ERROR: use tabs not spaces
#141: FILE: arch/x86/kernel/sys_x86_64.c:216:
+ ^I^I/* remember the largest hole we saw so far */$
ERROR: use tabs not spaces
#142: FILE: arch/x86/kernel/sys_x86_64.c:217:
+ ^I^Iif (addr + mm->cached_hole_size < vma->vm_start)$
ERROR: use tabs not spaces
#143: FILE: arch/x86/kernel/sys_x86_64.c:218:
+ ^I^I mm->cached_hole_size = vma->vm_start - addr;$
ERROR: use tabs not spaces
#157: FILE: arch/x86/kernel/sys_x86_64.c:232:
+ ^Imm->free_area_cache = TASK_UNMAPPED_BASE;$
ERROR: need a space before the open parenthesis '('
#291: FILE: arch/x86/mm/mmap_64.c:101:
+ } else if(mmap_is_legacy()) {
WARNING: braces {} are not necessary for single statement blocks
#302: FILE: arch/x86/mm/mmap_64.c:112:
+ if (current->flags & PF_RANDOMIZE) {
+ mm->mmap_base += ((long)rnd) << PAGE_SHIFT;
+ }
WARNING: line over 80 characters
#314: FILE: fs/binfmt_elf.c:48:
+static unsigned long elf_map (struct file *, unsigned long, struct elf_phdr *, int, int, unsigned long);
WARNING: no space between function name and open parenthesis '('
#314: FILE: fs/binfmt_elf.c:48:
+static unsigned long elf_map (struct file *, unsigned long, struct elf_phdr *, int, int, unsigned long);
WARNING: line over 80 characters
#429: FILE: fs/binfmt_elf.c:438:
+ eppnt, elf_prot, elf_type, total_size);
ERROR: need space after that ',' (ctx:VxV)
#480: FILE: fs/binfmt_elf.c:939:
+ elf_prot, elf_flags,0);
^
total: 9 errors, 7 warnings, 461 lines checked
Your patch has style problems, please review. If any of these errors
are false positives report them to the maintainer, see
CHECKPATCH in MAINTAINERS.
Please run checkpatch prior to sending patches
Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@infradead.org>
Cc: Jakub Jelinek <jakub@redhat.com>
Cc: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
main executable of (specially compiled/linked -pie/-fpie) ET_DYN binaries
onto a random address (in cases in which mmap() is allowed to perform a
randomization).
The code has been extraced from Ingo's exec-shield patch
http://people.redhat.com/mingo/exec-shield/
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix used-uninitialsied warning]
[kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com: fixed ia32 ELF on x86_64 handling]
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@infradead.org>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Cc: Jakub Jelinek <jakub@redhat.com>
Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Randomize the location of the heap (brk) for i386 and x86_64. The range is
randomized in the range starting at current brk location up to 0x02000000
offset for both architectures. This, together with
pie-executable-randomization.patch and
pie-executable-randomization-fix.patch, should make the address space
randomization on i386 and x86_64 complete.
Arjan says:
This is known to break older versions of some emacs variants, whose dumper
code assumed that the last variable declared in the program is equal to the
start of the dynamically allocated memory region.
(The dumper is the code where emacs effectively dumps core at the end of it's
compilation stage; this coredump is then loaded as the main program during
normal use)
iirc this was 5 years or so; we found this way back when I was at RH and we
first did the security stuff there (including this brk randomization). It
wasn't all variants of emacs, and it got fixed as a result (I vaguely remember
that emacs already had code to deal with it for other archs/oses, just
ifdeffed wrongly).
It's a rare and wrong assumption as a general thing, just on x86 it mostly
happened to be true (but to be honest, it'll break too if gcc does
something fancy or if the linker does a non-standard order). Still its
something we should at least document.
Note 2: afaik it only broke the emacs *build*. I'm not 100% sure about that
(it IS 5 years ago) though.
[ akpm@linux-foundation.org: deuglification ]
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Cc: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@infradead.org>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Cc: Jakub Jelinek <jakub@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
The pr_ppid field reported in core dumps should match what
getppid() would have returned to that process, regardless of
whether a debugger is attached.
Signed-off-by: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This is the largest patch in the set. Make all (I hope) the places where
the pid is shown to or get from user operate on the virtual pids.
The idea is:
- all in-kernel data structures must store either struct pid itself
or the pid's global nr, obtained with pid_nr() call;
- when seeking the task from kernel code with the stored id one
should use find_task_by_pid() call that works with global pids;
- when showing pid's numerical value to the user the virtual one
should be used, but however when one shows task's pid outside this
task's namespace the global one is to be used;
- when getting the pid from userspace one need to consider this as
the virtual one and use appropriate task/pid-searching functions.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: build fix]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: nuther build fix]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: yet nuther build fix]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: remove unneeded casts]
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@openvz.org>
Cc: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The set of functions process_session, task_session, process_group and
task_pgrp is confusing, as the names can be mixed with each other when looking
at the code for a long time.
The proposals are to
* equip the functions that return the integer with _nr suffix to
represent that fact,
* and to make all functions work with task (not process) by making
the common prefix of the same name.
For monotony the routines signal_session() and set_signal_session() are
replaced with task_session_nr() and set_task_session(), especially since they
are only used with the explicit task->signal dereference.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org>
Acked-by: Serge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@openvz.org>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently arch_align_stack() is used by fs/binfmt_elf.c to randomize
stack pointer inside a page. But this happens only if ELF_PLATFORM
symbol is defined.
ELF_PLATFORM is normally set if the architecture wants ld.so to load
implementation specific libraries for optimization. And currently a
lot of architectures just yield this symbol to NULL.
This is the case for MIPS architecture where ELF_PLATFORM is NULL but
arch_align_stack() has been redefined to do stack inside page
randomization. So in this case no randomization is actually done.
This patch breaks this dependency which seems to be useless and allows
platforms such MIPS to do the randomization.
Signed-off-by: Franck Bui-Huu <fbuihuu@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@infradead.org>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
include/asm-powerpc/elf.h has 6 entries in ARCH_DLINFO. fs/binfmt_elf.c
has 14 unconditional NEW_AUX_ENT entries and 2 conditional NEW_AUX_ENT
entries. So in the worst case, saved_auxv does not get an AT_NULL entry at
the end.
The saved_auxv array must be terminated with an AT_NULL entry. Make the
size of mm_struct->saved_auxv arch dependend, based on the number of
ARCH_DLINFO entries.
Signed-off-by: Olaf Hering <olh@suse.de>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Cc: Jakub Jelinek <jakub@redhat.com>
Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Cc: Ivan Kokshaysky <ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru>
Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This adds the MMF_DUMP_ELF_HEADERS option to /proc/pid/coredump_filter.
This dumps the first page (only) of a private file mapping if it appears to
be a mapping of an ELF file. Including these pages in the core dump may
give sufficient identifying information to associate the original DSO and
executable file images and their debugging information with a core file in
a generic way just from its contents (e.g. when those binaries were built
with ld --build-id). I expect this to become the default behavior
eventually. Existing versions of gdb can be confused by the core dumps it
creates, so it won't enabled by default for some time to come. Soon many
people will have systems with a gdb that handle these dumps, so they can
arrange to set the bit at boot and have it inherited system-wide.
This also cleans up the checking of the MMF_DUMP_* flag bits, which did not
need to be using atomic macros.
Signed-off-by: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Cc: Hidehiro Kawai <hidehiro.kawai.ez@hitachi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The Linux ELF loader is quite complicated and messy code (that could
probably need a rewrite, but that's a different chapter). One particular
messy part in it is the support for non ELF a.out ld.sos. This was
originally added to make transition from a.out to ELF easier because an
a.out ELF ld.so could be still build using an older a.out toolkit. But by
now that should be fully obsolete and removing it would clean up
binfmt_elf.c up a bit.
I propose to deprecate this support and remove for 2.6.25.
Drawback is that someone still runs their system with a.out ld.so
they would need to update the ld.so when updating to a new kernel.
This patch just adds an entry to the deprecation file and a printk
warning users.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: better warning message]
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
For some time /proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern has been able to set its output
destination as a pipe, allowing a user space helper to receive and
intellegently process a core. This infrastructure however has some
shortcommings which can be enhanced. Specifically:
1) The coredump code in the kernel should ignore RLIMIT_CORE limitation
when core_pattern is a pipe, since file system resources are not being
consumed in this case, unless the user application wishes to save the core,
at which point the app is restricted by usual file system limits and
restrictions.
2) The core_pattern code should be able to parse and pass options to the
user space helper as an argv array. The real core limit of the uid of the
crashing proces should also be passable to the user space helper (since it
is overridden to zero when called).
3) Some miscellaneous bugs need to be cleaned up (specifically the
recognition of a recursive core dump, should the user mode helper itself
crash. Also, the core dump code in the kernel should not wait for the user
mode helper to exit, since the same context is responsible for writing to
the pipe, and a read of the pipe by the user mode helper will result in a
deadlock.
This patch:
Remove the check of RLIMIT_CORE if core_pattern is a pipe. In the event that
core_pattern is a pipe, the entire core will be fed to the user mode helper.
Signed-off-by: Neil Horman <nhorman@tuxdriver.com>
Cc: <martin.pitt@ubuntu.com>
Cc: <wwoods@redhat.com>
Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Replace NT_PRXFPREG with ELF_CORE_XFPREG_TYPE in the coredump code which
allows for more flexibility in the note type for the state of 'extended
floating point' implementations in coredumps. New note types can now be
added with an appropriate #define.
This does #define ELF_CORE_XFPREG_TYPE to be NT_PRXFPREG in all
current users so there's are no change in behaviour.
This will let us use different note types on powerpc for the Altivec/VMX
state that some PowerPC cpus have (G4, PPC970, POWER6) and for the SPE
(signal processing extension) state that some embedded PowerPC cpus from
Freescale have.
Signed-off-by: Mark Nelson <markn@au1.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Cc: <linux-arch@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The commit b5810039a5 contains the note
A last caveat: the ZERO_PAGE is now refcounted and managed with rmap
(and thus mapcounted and count towards shared rss). These writes to
the struct page could cause excessive cacheline bouncing on big
systems. There are a number of ways this could be addressed if it is
an issue.
And indeed this cacheline bouncing has shown up on large SGI systems.
There was a situation where an Altix system was essentially livelocked
tearing down ZERO_PAGE pagetables when an HPC app aborted during startup.
This situation can be avoided in userspace, but it does highlight the
potential scalability problem with refcounting ZERO_PAGE, and corner
cases where it can really hurt (we don't want the system to livelock!).
There are several broad ways to fix this problem:
1. add back some special casing to avoid refcounting ZERO_PAGE
2. per-node or per-cpu ZERO_PAGES
3. remove the ZERO_PAGE completely
I will argue for 3. The others should also fix the problem, but they
result in more complex code than does 3, with little or no real benefit
that I can see.
Why? Inserting a ZERO_PAGE for anonymous read faults appears to be a
false optimisation: if an application is performance critical, it would
not be doing many read faults of new memory, or at least it could be
expected to write to that memory soon afterwards. If cache or memory use
is critical, it should not be working with a significant number of
ZERO_PAGEs anyway (a more compact representation of zeroes should be
used).
As a sanity check -- mesuring on my desktop system, there are never many
mappings to the ZERO_PAGE (eg. 2 or 3), thus memory usage here should not
increase much without it.
When running a make -j4 kernel compile on my dual core system, there are
about 1,000 mappings to the ZERO_PAGE created per second, but about 1,000
ZERO_PAGE COW faults per second (less than 1 ZERO_PAGE mapping per second
is torn down without being COWed). So removing ZERO_PAGE will save 1,000
page faults per second when running kbuild, while keeping it only saves
less than 1 page clearing operation per second. 1 page clear is cheaper
than a thousand faults, presumably, so there isn't an obvious loss.
Neither the logical argument nor these basic tests give a guarantee of no
regressions. However, this is a reasonable opportunity to try to remove
the ZERO_PAGE from the pagefault path. If it is found to cause regressions,
we can reintroduce it and just avoid refcounting it.
The /dev/zero ZERO_PAGE usage and TLB tricks also get nuked. I don't see
much use to them except on benchmarks. All other users of ZERO_PAGE are
converted just to use ZERO_PAGE(0) for simplicity. We can look at
replacing them all and maybe ripping out ZERO_PAGE completely when we are
more satisfied with this solution.
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus "snif" Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
To start with, arch_notes_size() etc. is a little too ambiguous a name for
my liking, so change the function names to be more explicit.
Calling through macros is ugly, especially with hidden parameters, so don't
do that, call the routines directly.
Use ARCH_HAVE_EXTRA_ELF_NOTES as the only flag, and based on it decide
whether we want the extern declarations or the empty versions.
Since we have empty routines, actually use them in the coredump code to
save a few #ifdefs.
We want to change the handling of foffset so that the write routine updates
foffset as it goes, instead of using file->f_pos (so that writing to a pipe
works). So pass foffset to the write routine, and for now just set it to
file->f_pos at the end of writing.
It should also be possible for the write routine to fail, so change it to
return int and treat a non-zero return as failure.
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <michael@ellerman.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Kerr <jk@ozlabs.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Remove the arg+env limit of MAX_ARG_PAGES by copying the strings directly from
the old mm into the new mm.
We create the new mm before the binfmt code runs, and place the new stack at
the very top of the address space. Once the binfmt code runs and figures out
where the stack should be, we move it downwards.
It is a bit peculiar in that we have one task with two mm's, one of which is
inactive.
[a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl: limit stack size]
Signed-off-by: Ollie Wild <aaw@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: <linux-arch@vger.kernel.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
[bunk@stusta.de: unexport bprm_mm_init]
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
fs/binfmt_elf.c: In function 'load_elf_binary':
fs/binfmt_elf.c:1002: warning: 'interp_map_addr' may be used uninitialized in this function
The compiler (gcc-4.1.0) is correct, but it failed to notice that we didn't
use the resulting value.
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch is using mmap()'s randomization functionality in such a way that
it maps the main executable of (specially compiled/linked -pie/-fpie)
ET_DYN binaries onto a random address (in cases in which mmap() is allowed
to perform a randomization).
Origin of this patch is in exec-shield
(http://people.redhat.com/mingo/exec-shield/)
[jkosina@suse.cz: pie randomization: fix BAD_ADDR macro]
Signed-off-by: Jan Kratochvil <honza@jikos.cz>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Cc: Jakub Jelinek <jakub@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
elf_core_dump() supports dumping arch specific ELF notes, via the #define
ELF_CORE_WRITE_EXTRA_NOTES. Currently the only user of this is the powerpc
spu coredump code.
There is a bug in the handling of foffset WRT the arch notes, which causes
us to erroneously increment foffset by the size of the arch notes, leaving
a block of zeroes in the file, and causing all subsequent data in the file
to be at <supposed position> + <arch note size>. eg:
LOAD 0x050000 0x00100000 0x00000000 0x20000 0x20000 R E 0x10000
Tells us we should have a chunk of data at 0x50000. The truth is the data
is at 0x90dbc = 0x50000 + 0x40dbc (the size of the arch notes).
This bug prevents gdb from reading the core file correctly.
The simplest fix is to simply remember the size of the arch notes, and add
it to foffset after we've written the arch notes. The only drawback is
that if the arch code doesn't write as many bytes as it said it would, we
end up with a broken core dump again. For now I think that's a reasonable
requirement.
Tested on a Cell blade, gdb no longer complains about the core file being
bogus.
While I'm here I should point out that the spu coredump code does not work
if we're dumping to a pipe - we'll have to wait for 23 to fix that.
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <michael@ellerman.id.au>
Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Acked-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Acked-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When elf loader fails to map executable (due to memory shortage or because
binary is malformed), it can return 0. Normally, this is invisible because
process is killed with SIGKILL and it never returns to user space.
But if exec() is called from kernel thread (hotplug, whatever)
consequences are more interesting and vary depending on architecture.
i386. Nothing especially interesting, execve() just returns
with "success" :-)
x86_64. Fake zero frame is used on way to caller, RSP/RIP are loaded
with zeros, ergo... double fault.
ia64. Similar to i386, but r32...r95 are corrupted. Sometimes it
oopses due to return to zero PC, sometimes it sees NaT in
rXX and oopses due to NaT consumption.
Signed-off-by: Alexey Kuznetsov <alexey@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Kirill Korotaev <dev@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
linux/module.h
-> linux/elf.h
-> asm-i386/elf.h
-> linux/utsname.h
-> linux/sched.h
Noticeably cut the number of files which are rebuild upon touching sched.h
and cut down pulled junk from every module.h inclusion.
Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Remove includes of <linux/smp_lock.h> where it is not used/needed.
Suggested by Al Viro.
Builds cleanly on x86_64, i386, alpha, ia64, powerpc, sparc,
sparc64, and arm (all 59 defconfigs).
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When the dump cannot occur most likely because of a full file system and
the page to be written is the zero page, the call to page_cache_release()
is missed.
Signed-off-by: Brian Pomerantz <bapper@mvista.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This bug was seen on ppc64, but it could have occurred on any
architecture with a page size of 64k or above. The problem is that in
fs/binfmt_elf.c:randomize_stack_top() randomizes the stack to within
0x7ff pages. On 4k page machines, this is 8MB; on 64k page boxes, this
is 128MB.
The problem is that the new binary layout (selected in
arch_pick_mmap_layout) places the mapping segment 128MB or the stack
rlimit away from the top of the process memory, whichever is larger. If
you chose an rlimit of less than 128MB (most defaults are in the 8Mb
range) then you can end up having your entire stack randomized away.
The fix is to make randomize_stack_top() only steal at most 8MB, which this
patch does. However, I have to point out that even with this, your stack
rlimit might not be exactly what you get if it's > 128MB, because you're
still losing the random offset of up to 8MB.
The true fix should be to leave an explicit gap for the randomization plus
a buffer when determining mmap_base, but that would involve fixing all the
architectures.
Cc: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@infradead.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Proposed patch to fix#5 in
http://www.isec.pl/vulnerabilities/isec-0017-binfmt_elf.txt
aka
http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2004-1073
To reproduce, do
* grab poc at the end of advisory.
* add line "eph.p_memsz = 4096;" after "eph.p_filesz = 4096;"
where first "4096" is something equal to or greater than 4096.
* ./poc /usr/bin/sudo && ls -l
Here I get with 2.6.20-rc5:
-rw------- 1 ad ad 102400 2007-01-15 19:17 core
---s--x--x 2 root root 101820 2007-01-15 19:15 /usr/bin/sudo
Check for MAY_READ like binfmt_misc.c does.
Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch fixes core dumps to include the vDSO vma, which is left out now.
It removes the special-case core writing macros, which were not doing the
right thing for the vDSO vma anyway. Instead, it uses VM_ALWAYSDUMP in the
vma; there is no need for the fixmap page to be installed. It handles the
CONFIG_COMPAT_VDSO case by making elf_core_dump use the fake vma from
get_gate_vma after real vmas in the same way the /proc/PID/maps code does.
This changes core dumps so they no longer include the non-PT_LOAD phdrs from
the vDSO. I made the change to add them in the first place, but in turned out
that nothing ever wanted them there since the advent of NT_AUXV. It's cleaner
to leave them out, and just let the phdrs inside the vDSO image speak for
themselves.
Signed-off-by: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch adds the VM_ALWAYSDUMP flag for vm_flags in vm_area_struct. This
provides a clean explicit way to have a vma always included in core dumps, as
is needed for vDSO's.
Signed-off-by: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This reverts commit 59287c0913.
Hugh Dickins reports that it causes random failures on x86 with SuSE
10.2, and points out
"Isn't that randomization, anywhere from 0x10000 to ELF_ET_DYN_BASE,
sure to place the ET_DYN from time to time just where the comment
says it's trying to avoid? I assume that somehow results in the error
reported."
(where the comment in question is the existing comment in the source
code about mmap/brk clashes).
Suggested-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Acked-by: Marcus Meissner <meissner@suse.de>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej@codemonkey.org.uk>
Cc: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Replace occurences of task->signal->session by a new process_session() helper
routine.
It will be useful for pid namespaces to abstract the session pid number.
Signed-off-by: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@openvz.org>
Cc: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This patch changes struct file to use struct path instead of having
independent pointers to struct dentry and struct vfsmount, and converts all
users of f_{dentry,vfsmnt} in fs/ to use f_path.{dentry,mnt}.
Additionally, it adds two #define's to make the transition easier for users of
the f_dentry and f_vfsmnt.
Signed-off-by: Josef "Jeff" Sipek <jsipek@cs.sunysb.edu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Define elf_addr_t in linux/elf.h. The size of the type is determined using
ELF_CLASS. This allows us to remove the defines that today are spread all
over .c and .h files.
Signed-off-by: Magnus Damm <magnus@valinux.co.jp>
Cc: Daniel Jacobowitz <drow@false.org>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Cc: Jakub Jelinek <jakub@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Randomizes -pie compiled binaries from 64k (0x10000) up to ELF_ET_DYN_BASE.
0 -> 64k is excluded to allow NULL ptr accesses to fail.
Signed-off-by: Marcus Meissner <meissner@suse.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej@codemonkey.org.uk>
Cc: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This patch adds SPU elf notes to the coredump. It creates a separate note
for each of /regs, /fpcr, /lslr, /decr, /decr_status, /mem, /signal1,
/signal1_type, /signal2, /signal2_type, /event_mask, /event_status,
/mbox_info, /ibox_info, /wbox_info, /dma_info, /proxydma_info, /object-id.
A new macro, ARCH_HAVE_EXTRA_NOTES, was created for architectures to
specify they have extra elf core notes.
A new macro, ELF_CORE_EXTRA_NOTES_SIZE, was created so the size of the
additional notes could be calculated and added to the notes phdr entry.
A new macro, ELF_CORE_WRITE_EXTRA_NOTES, was created so the new notes
would be written after the existing notes.
The SPU coredump code resides in spufs. Stub functions are provided in the
kernel which are hooked into the spufs code which does the actual work via
register_arch_coredump_calls().
A new set of __spufs_<file>_read/get() functions was provided to allow the
coredump code to read from the spufs files without having to lock the
SPU context for each file read from.
Cc: <linux-arch@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Dwayne Grant McConnell <decimal@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd.bergmann@de.ibm.com>
It is silly to use non-static variable for writting zeroes to the file.
And more seriously, foffset in core dump file dump function was incremented
too much, so some parts of core dump were shifted by size of few phdrs and
notes down, so although gdb was able to load that file, it did not make lot
of sense - in my test case data pages were shifted down by about 900 bytes.
Signed-off-by: Petr Vandrovec <petr@vandrovec.name>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The file based core dump code was broken by pipe changes - a relative
llseek returns the absolute file position on success, not the relative
one, so dump_seek() always failed when invoked with non-zero current
position.
Only success/failure can be tested with relative lseek, we have to trust
kernel that on success we've got right file offset. With this fix in
place I have finally real core files instead of 1KB fragments...
Signed-off-by: Petr Vandrovec <petr@vandrovec.name>
[ Cleaned it up a bit while here - use SEEK_CUR instead of hardcoding 1 ]
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Using the infrastructure created in previous patches implement support to
pipe core dumps into programs.
This is done by overloading the existing core_pattern sysctl
with a new syntax:
|program
When the first character of the pattern is a '|' the kernel will instead
threat the rest of the pattern as a command to run. The core dump will be
written to the standard input of that program instead of to a file.
This is useful for having automatic core dump analysis without filling up
disks. The program can do some simple analysis and save only a summary of
the core dump.
The core dump proces will run with the privileges and in the name space of
the process that caused the core dump.
I also increased the core pattern size to 128 bytes so that longer command
lines fit.
Most of the changes comes from allowing core dumps without seeks. They are
fairly straight forward though.
One small incompatibility is that if someone had a core pattern previously
that started with '|' they will get suddenly new behaviour. I think that's
unlikely to be a real problem though.
Additional background:
> Very nice, do you happen to have a program that can accept this kind of
> input for crash dumps? I'm guessing that the embedded people will
> really want this functionality.
I had a cheesy demo/prototype. Basically it wrote the dump to a file again,
ran gdb on it to get a backtrace and wrote the summary to a shared directory.
Then there was a simple CGI script to generate a "top 10" crashes HTML
listing.
Unfortunately this still had the disadvantage to needing full disk space for a
dump except for deleting it afterwards (in fact it was worse because over the
pipe holes didn't work so if you have a holey address map it would require
more space).
Fortunately gdb seems to be happy to handle /proc/pid/fd/xxx input pipes as
cores (at least it worked with zsh's =(cat core) syntax), so it would be
likely possible to do it without temporary space with a simple wrapper that
calls it in the right way. I ran out of time before doing that though.
The demo prototype scripts weren't very good. If there is really interest I
can dig them out (they are currently on a laptop disk on the desk with the
laptop itself being in service), but I would recommend to rewrite them for any
serious application of this and fix the disk space problem.
Also to be really useful it should probably find a way to automatically fetch
the debuginfos (I cheated and just installed them in advance). If nobody else
does it I can probably do the rewrite myself again at some point.
My hope at some point was that desktops would support it in their builtin
crash reporters, but at least the KDE people I talked too seemed to be happy
with their user space only solution.
Alan sayeth:
I don't believe that piping as such as neccessarily the right model, but
the ability to intercept and processes core dumps from user space is asked
for by many enterprise users as well. They want to know about, capture,
analyse and process core dumps, often centrally and in automated form.
[akpm@osdl.org: loff_t != unsigned long]
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Cc: Alan Cox <alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Create a new header file, fs/internal.h, for common definitions local to the
sources in the fs/ directory.
Move extern definitions that should be in header files from fs/*.c to
fs/internal.h or other main header files where they span directories.
Signed-Off-By: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
do_each_thread() is rcu-safe, and all tasks which use this ->mm must sleep
in wait_for_completion(&mm->core_done) at this point, so we can use RCU
locks.
Also, remove unneeded INIT_LIST_HEAD(new) before list_add(new, head).
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Fixed race on put_files_struct on exec with proc. Restoring files on
current on error path may lead to proc having a pointer to already kfree-d
files_struct.
->files changing at exit.c and khtread.c are safe as exit_files() makes all
things under lock.
Found during OpenVZ stress testing.
[akpm@osdl.org: add export]
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Kirill Korotaev <dev@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* 'for-linus' of git://one.firstfloor.org/home/andi/git/linux-2.6: (225 commits)
[PATCH] Don't set calgary iommu as default y
[PATCH] i386/x86-64: New Intel feature flags
[PATCH] x86: Add a cumulative thermal throttle event counter.
[PATCH] i386: Make the jiffies compares use the 64bit safe macros.
[PATCH] x86: Refactor thermal throttle processing
[PATCH] Add 64bit jiffies compares (for use with get_jiffies_64)
[PATCH] Fix unwinder warning in traps.c
[PATCH] x86: Allow disabling early pci scans with pci=noearly or disallowing conf1
[PATCH] x86: Move direct PCI scanning functions out of line
[PATCH] i386/x86-64: Make all early PCI scans dependent on CONFIG_PCI
[PATCH] Don't leak NT bit into next task
[PATCH] i386/x86-64: Work around gcc bug with noreturn functions in unwinder
[PATCH] Fix some broken white space in ia32_signal.c
[PATCH] Initialize argument registers for 32bit signal handlers.
[PATCH] Remove all traces of signal number conversion
[PATCH] Don't synchronize time reading on single core AMD systems
[PATCH] Remove outdated comment in x86-64 mmconfig code
[PATCH] Use string instructions for Core2 copy/clear
[PATCH] x86: - restore i8259A eoi status on resume
[PATCH] i386: Split multi-line printk in oops output.
...
As David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> points out, binfmt_elf sometimes uses
off_t, sometimes uses loff_t. Use loff_t throughout.
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Move the roundup() macro from binfmt_elf.c into linux/kernel.h as it's
generally useful.
[akpm@osdl.org: nuke all the other implementations]
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Fix check for bad address; use macro instead of open-coding two checks.
Taken from RHEL4 kernel update.
From: Ernie Petrides <petrides@redhat.com>
For background, the BAD_ADDR() macro should return TRUE if the address is
TASK_SIZE, because that's the lowest address that is *not* valid for
user-space mappings. The macro was correct in binfmt_aout.c but was wrong
for the "equal to" case in binfmt_elf.c. There were two in-line validations
of user-space addresses in binfmt_elf.c, which have been appropriately
converted to use the corrected BAD_ADDR() macro in the patch you posted
yesterday. Note that the size checks against TASK_SIZE are okay as coded.
The additional changes that I propose are below. These are in the error
paths for bad ELF entry addresses once load_elf_binary() has already
committed to exec'ing the new image (following the tearing down of the
task's original address space).
The 1st hunk deals with the interp-side of the outer "if". There were two
problems here. The printk() should be removed because this path can be
triggered at will by a bogus interpreter image created and used by a
malicious user. Further, the error code should not be ENOEXEC, because that
causes the loop in search_binary_handler() to continue trying other exec
handlers (twice, in fact). But it's too late for this to work correctly,
because the user address space has already been torn down, and an exec()
failure cannot be returned to the user code because the code no longer
exists. The only recovery is to force a SIGSEGV, but it's best to terminate
the search loop immediately. I somewhat arbitrarily chose EINVAL as a
fallback error code, but any error returned by load_elf_interp() will
override that (but this value will never be seen by user-space).
The 2nd hunk deals with the non-interp-side of the outer "if". There were
two problems here as well. The SIGSEGV needs to be forced, because a prior
sigaction() syscall might have set the associated disposition to SIG_IGN.
And the ENOEXEC should be changed to EINVAL as described above.
Signed-off-by: Chuck Ebbert <76306.1226@compuserve.com>
Signed-off-by: Ernie Petrides <petrides@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Do a CodingStyle cleanup of fs/binfmt_elf.c and also remove some pointless
casts of kmalloc() return values in the same file.
Signed-off-by: Jesper Juhl <jesper.juhl@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This patch removes the steal_locks() function.
steal_locks() doesn't work correctly with any filesystem that does it's own
lock management, including NFS, CIFS, etc.
In addition it has weird semantics on local filesystems in case tasks
sharing file-descriptor tables are doing POSIX locking operations in
parallel to execve().
The steal_locks() function has an effect on applications doing:
clone(CLONE_FILES)
/* in child */
lock
execve
lock
POSIX locks acquired before execve (by "child", "parent" or any further
task sharing files_struct) will after the execve be owned exclusively by
"child".
According to Chris Wright some LSB/LTP kind of suite triggers without the
stealing behavior, but there's no known real-world application that would
also fail.
Apps using NPTL are not affected, since all other threads are killed before
execve.
Apps using LinuxThreads are only affected if they
- have multiple threads during exec (LinuxThreads doesn't kill other
threads, the app may do it with pthread_kill_other_threads_np())
- rely on POSIX locks being inherited across exec
Both conditions are documented, but not their interaction.
Apps using clone() natively are affected if they
- use clone(CLONE_FILES)
- rely on POSIX locks being inherited across exec
The above scenarios are unlikely, but possible.
If the patch is vetoed, there's a plan B, that involves mostly keeping the
weird stealing semantics, but changing the way lock ownership is handled so
that network and local filesystems work consistently.
That would add more complexity though, so this solution seems to be
preferred by most people.
Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@debian.org>
Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Steven French <sfrench@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
8MB is not really very random, use 1GB (or more with larger page sizes)
instead.
Also use the low bits of the random generator output now instead of
throwing them away.
Only enabled on x86-64 right now. Other architectures need to add
a suitable STACK_RND_MASK
Cc: mingo@elte.hu
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Local variable i is unsigned int and thus cannot be negative.
(akpm: unsigneds shouldn't be called `i'. This value cannot possibly be
negative anyway).
Signed-off-by: Carsten Otte <cotte@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Fixes a local DOS on Intel systems that lead to an endless
recursive fault. AMD machines don't seem to be affected.
Signed-off-by: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Remove the "inline" keyword from a bunch of big functions in the kernel with
the goal of shrinking it by 30kb to 40kb
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Acked-by: Jeff Garzik <jgarzik@pobox.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Patch adds a mising printk loglevel (I think KERN_WARNING is appropriate
here) in fs/binfmt_elf.c, and while I was there I made some tiny tiny tiny
adjustments to whitespacing in the neighborhood.
Signed-off-by: Jesper Juhl <juhl-lkml@dif.dk>
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
mmap() returns -EINVAL if given a zero length, and thus elf_map() in
binfmt_elf.c does likewise if it attempts to map a (page-aligned) ELF
segment with zero filesize. Such a situation never arises with the default
linker scripts, but there's nothing inherently wrong with zero-filesize
(but non-zero memsize) ELF segments. Custom linker scripts can generate
them, and the kernel should be able to map them; this patch makes it so.
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This is the fs/ part of the big kfree cleanup patch.
Remove pointless checks for NULL prior to calling kfree() in fs/.
Signed-off-by: Jesper Juhl <jesper.juhl@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
task_struct is an internal structure to the kernel with a lot of good
information, that is probably interesting in core dumps. However there is
no way for user space to know what format that information is in making it
useless.
I grepped the GDB 6.3 source code and NT_TASKSTRUCT while defined is not
used anywhere else. So I would be surprised if anyone notices it is
missing.
In addition exporting kernel pointers to all the interesting kernel data
structures sounds like the very definition of an information leak. I
haven't a clue what someone with evil intentions could do with that
information, but in any attack against the kernel it looks like this is the
perfect tool for aiming that attack.
So since NT_TASKSTRUCT is useless as currently defined and is potentially
dangerous, let's just not export it.
(akpm: Daniel Jacobowitz <dan@debian.org> "would be amazed" if anything was
using NT_TASKSTRUCT).
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
How is anon_rss initialized? In dup_mmap, and by mm_alloc's memset; but
that's not so good if an mm_counter_t is a special type. And how is rss
initialized? By set_mm_counter, all over the place. Come on, we just need to
initialize them both at once by set_mm_counter in mm_init (which follows the
memcpy when forking).
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Nir Tzachar <tzachar@cs.bgu.ac.il> points out that if an ELF file specifies a
zero-length bss at a whacky address, we cannot load that binary because
padzero() tries to zero out the end of the page at the whacky address, and
that may not be writeable.
See also http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=5411
So teach load_elf_binary() to skip the bss settng altogether if the elf file
has a zero-length bss segment.
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Cc: Daniel Jacobowitz <dan@debian.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Ingo recently introduced a great speedup for allocating new mmaps using the
free_area_cache pointer which boosts the specweb SSL benchmark by 4-5% and
causes huge performance increases in thread creation.
The downside of this patch is that it does lead to fragmentation in the
mmap-ed areas (visible via /proc/self/maps), such that some applications
that work fine under 2.4 kernels quickly run out of memory on any 2.6
kernel.
The problem is twofold:
1) the free_area_cache is used to continue a search for memory where
the last search ended. Before the change new areas were always
searched from the base address on.
So now new small areas are cluttering holes of all sizes
throughout the whole mmap-able region whereas before small holes
tended to close holes near the base leaving holes far from the base
large and available for larger requests.
2) the free_area_cache also is set to the location of the last
munmap-ed area so in scenarios where we allocate e.g. five regions of
1K each, then free regions 4 2 3 in this order the next request for 1K
will be placed in the position of the old region 3, whereas before we
appended it to the still active region 1, placing it at the location
of the old region 2. Before we had 1 free region of 2K, now we only
get two free regions of 1K -> fragmentation.
The patch addresses thes issues by introducing yet another cache descriptor
cached_hole_size that contains the largest known hole size below the
current free_area_cache. If a new request comes in the size is compared
against the cached_hole_size and if the request can be filled with a hole
below free_area_cache the search is started from the base instead.
The results look promising: Whereas 2.6.12-rc4 fragments quickly and my
(earlier posted) leakme.c test program terminates after 50000+ iterations
with 96 distinct and fragmented maps in /proc/self/maps it performs nicely
(as expected) with thread creation, Ingo's test_str02 with 20000 threads
requires 0.7s system time.
Taking out Ingo's patch (un-patch available per request) by basically
deleting all mentions of free_area_cache from the kernel and starting the
search for new memory always at the respective bases we observe: leakme
terminates successfully with 11 distinctive hardly fragmented areas in
/proc/self/maps but thread creating is gringdingly slow: 30+s(!) system
time for Ingo's test_str02 with 20000 threads.
Now - drumroll ;-) the appended patch works fine with leakme: it ends with
only 7 distinct areas in /proc/self/maps and also thread creation seems
sufficiently fast with 0.71s for 20000 threads.
Signed-off-by: Wolfgang Wander <wwc@rentec.com>
Credit-to: "Richard Purdie" <rpurdie@rpsys.net>
Signed-off-by: Ken Chen <kenneth.w.chen@intel.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> (partly)
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The ELF core dump code has one use of off_t when writing out segments.
Some of the segments may be passed the 2GB limit of an off_t, even on a
32-bit system, so it's important to use loff_t instead. This fixes a
corrupted core dump in the bigcore test in GDB's testsuite.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Jacobowitz <dan@codesourcery.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
If arch_setup_additional_pages fails, the error path will do some double-frees.
This fixes it.
Signed-off-by: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This patch reworks the way the ppc64 is mapped in user memory by the kernel
to make it more robust against possible collisions with executable
segments. Instead of just whacking a VMA at 1Mb, I now use
get_unmapped_area() with a hint, and I moved the mapping of the vDSO to
after the mapping of the various ELF segments and of the interpreter, so
that conflicts get caught properly (it still has to be before
create_elf_tables since the later will fill the AT_SYSINFO_EHDR with the
proper address).
While I was at it, I also changed the 32 and 64 bits vDSO's to link at
their "natural" address of 1Mb instead of 0. This is the address where
they are normally mapped in absence of conflict. By doing so, it should be
possible to properly prelink one it's been verified to work on glibc.
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history,
even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git
archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about
3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early
git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good
infrastructure for it.
Let it rip!
Kees Cook