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cachetlb.txt: standardize document format 

Each text file under Documentation follows a different
format. Some doesn't even have titles!

Change its representation to follow the adopted standard,
using ReST markups for it to be parseable by Sphinx:

- Adjust the title format;
- use :Author: for author's name;
- mark literals as such;
- use note and important notation.

Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
This commit is contained in:
Mauro Carvalho Chehab 2017-05-14 08:25:51 -03:00 committed by Jonathan Corbet
parent 38975e905a
commit fdefdbca7e
1 changed files with 52 additions and 40 deletions
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92
Documentation/cachetlb.txt
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@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
Cache and TLB Flushing ==================================
Under Linux Cache and TLB Flushing Under Linux
==================================
David S. Miller <davem@redhat.com> :Author: David S. Miller <davem@redhat.com>
This document describes the cache/tlb flushing interfaces called This document describes the cache/tlb flushing interfaces called
by the Linux VM subsystem. It enumerates over each interface, by the Linux VM subsystem. It enumerates over each interface,
@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ Therefore when software page table changes occur, the kernel will
invoke one of the following flush methods _after_ the page table invoke one of the following flush methods _after_ the page table
changes occur: changes occur:
1) void flush_tlb_all(void) 1) ``void flush_tlb_all(void)``
The most severe flush of all. After this interface runs, The most severe flush of all. After this interface runs,
any previous page table modification whatsoever will be any previous page table modification whatsoever will be
@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ changes occur:
This is usually invoked when the kernel page tables are This is usually invoked when the kernel page tables are
changed, since such translations are "global" in nature. changed, since such translations are "global" in nature.
2) void flush_tlb_mm(struct mm_struct *mm) 2) ``void flush_tlb_mm(struct mm_struct *mm)``
This interface flushes an entire user address space from This interface flushes an entire user address space from
the TLB. After running, this interface must make sure that the TLB. After running, this interface must make sure that
@ -49,8 +50,8 @@ changes occur:
page table operations such as what happens during page table operations such as what happens during
fork, and exec. fork, and exec.
3) void flush_tlb_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma, 3) ``void flush_tlb_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
unsigned long start, unsigned long end) unsigned long start, unsigned long end)``
Here we are flushing a specific range of (user) virtual Here we are flushing a specific range of (user) virtual
address translations from the TLB. After running, this address translations from the TLB. After running, this
@ -69,7 +70,7 @@ changes occur:
call flush_tlb_page (see below) for each entry which may be call flush_tlb_page (see below) for each entry which may be
modified. modified.
4) void flush_tlb_page(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr) 4) ``void flush_tlb_page(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr)``
This time we need to remove the PAGE_SIZE sized translation This time we need to remove the PAGE_SIZE sized translation
from the TLB. The 'vma' is the backing structure used by from the TLB. The 'vma' is the backing structure used by
@ -87,8 +88,8 @@ changes occur:
This is used primarily during fault processing. This is used primarily during fault processing.
5) void update_mmu_cache(struct vm_area_struct *vma, 5) ``void update_mmu_cache(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
unsigned long address, pte_t *ptep) unsigned long address, pte_t *ptep)``
At the end of every page fault, this routine is invoked to At the end of every page fault, this routine is invoked to
tell the architecture specific code that a translation tell the architecture specific code that a translation
@ -100,7 +101,7 @@ changes occur:
translations for software managed TLB configurations. translations for software managed TLB configurations.
The sparc64 port currently does this. The sparc64 port currently does this.
6) void tlb_migrate_finish(struct mm_struct *mm) 6) ``void tlb_migrate_finish(struct mm_struct *mm)``
This interface is called at the end of an explicit This interface is called at the end of an explicit
process migration. This interface provides a hook process migration. This interface provides a hook
@ -112,7 +113,7 @@ changes occur:
Next, we have the cache flushing interfaces. In general, when Linux Next, we have the cache flushing interfaces. In general, when Linux
is changing an existing virtual-->physical mapping to a new value, is changing an existing virtual-->physical mapping to a new value,
the sequence will be in one of the following forms: the sequence will be in one of the following forms::
1) flush_cache_mm(mm); 1) flush_cache_mm(mm);
change_all_page_tables_of(mm); change_all_page_tables_of(mm);
@ -143,7 +144,7 @@ and have no dependency on translation information.
Here are the routines, one by one: Here are the routines, one by one:
1) void flush_cache_mm(struct mm_struct *mm) 1) ``void flush_cache_mm(struct mm_struct *mm)``
This interface flushes an entire user address space from This interface flushes an entire user address space from
the caches. That is, after running, there will be no cache the caches. That is, after running, there will be no cache
@ -152,7 +153,7 @@ Here are the routines, one by one:
This interface is used to handle whole address space This interface is used to handle whole address space
page table operations such as what happens during exit and exec. page table operations such as what happens during exit and exec.
2) void flush_cache_dup_mm(struct mm_struct *mm) 2) ``void flush_cache_dup_mm(struct mm_struct *mm)``
This interface flushes an entire user address space from This interface flushes an entire user address space from
the caches. That is, after running, there will be no cache the caches. That is, after running, there will be no cache
@ -164,8 +165,8 @@ Here are the routines, one by one:
This option is separate from flush_cache_mm to allow some This option is separate from flush_cache_mm to allow some
optimizations for VIPT caches. optimizations for VIPT caches.
3) void flush_cache_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma, 3) ``void flush_cache_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
unsigned long start, unsigned long end) unsigned long start, unsigned long end)``
Here we are flushing a specific range of (user) virtual Here we are flushing a specific range of (user) virtual
addresses from the cache. After running, there will be no addresses from the cache. After running, there will be no
@ -181,7 +182,7 @@ Here are the routines, one by one:
call flush_cache_page (see below) for each entry which may be call flush_cache_page (see below) for each entry which may be
modified. modified.
4) void flush_cache_page(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr, unsigned long pfn) 4) ``void flush_cache_page(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr, unsigned long pfn)``
This time we need to remove a PAGE_SIZE sized range This time we need to remove a PAGE_SIZE sized range
from the cache. The 'vma' is the backing structure used by from the cache. The 'vma' is the backing structure used by
@ -202,7 +203,7 @@ Here are the routines, one by one:
This is used primarily during fault processing. This is used primarily during fault processing.
5) void flush_cache_kmaps(void) 5) ``void flush_cache_kmaps(void)``
This routine need only be implemented if the platform utilizes This routine need only be implemented if the platform utilizes
highmem. It will be called right before all of the kmaps highmem. It will be called right before all of the kmaps
@ -214,8 +215,8 @@ Here are the routines, one by one:
This routing should be implemented in asm/highmem.h This routing should be implemented in asm/highmem.h
6) void flush_cache_vmap(unsigned long start, unsigned long end) 6) ``void flush_cache_vmap(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)``
void flush_cache_vunmap(unsigned long start, unsigned long end) ``void flush_cache_vunmap(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)``
Here in these two interfaces we are flushing a specific range Here in these two interfaces we are flushing a specific range
of (kernel) virtual addresses from the cache. After running, of (kernel) virtual addresses from the cache. After running,
@ -243,8 +244,10 @@ size). This setting will force the SYSv IPC layer to only allow user
processes to mmap shared memory at address which are a multiple of processes to mmap shared memory at address which are a multiple of
this value. this value.
NOTE: This does not fix shared mmaps, check out the sparc64 port for .. note::
one way to solve this (in particular SPARC_FLAG_MMAPSHARED).
This does not fix shared mmaps, check out the sparc64 port for
one way to solve this (in particular SPARC_FLAG_MMAPSHARED).
Next, you have to solve the D-cache aliasing issue for all Next, you have to solve the D-cache aliasing issue for all
other cases. Please keep in mind that fact that, for a given page other cases. Please keep in mind that fact that, for a given page
@ -255,8 +258,8 @@ physical page into its address space, by implication the D-cache
aliasing problem has the potential to exist since the kernel already aliasing problem has the potential to exist since the kernel already
maps this page at its virtual address. maps this page at its virtual address.
void copy_user_page(void *to, void *from, unsigned long addr, struct page *page) ``void copy_user_page(void *to, void *from, unsigned long addr, struct page *page)``
void clear_user_page(void *to, unsigned long addr, struct page *page) ``void clear_user_page(void *to, unsigned long addr, struct page *page)``
These two routines store data in user anonymous or COW These two routines store data in user anonymous or COW
pages. It allows a port to efficiently avoid D-cache alias pages. It allows a port to efficiently avoid D-cache alias
@ -276,14 +279,16 @@ maps this page at its virtual address.
If D-cache aliasing is not an issue, these two routines may If D-cache aliasing is not an issue, these two routines may
simply call memcpy/memset directly and do nothing more. simply call memcpy/memset directly and do nothing more.
void flush_dcache_page(struct page *page) ``void flush_dcache_page(struct page *page)``
Any time the kernel writes to a page cache page, _OR_ Any time the kernel writes to a page cache page, _OR_
the kernel is about to read from a page cache page and the kernel is about to read from a page cache page and
user space shared/writable mappings of this page potentially user space shared/writable mappings of this page potentially
exist, this routine is called. exist, this routine is called.
NOTE: This routine need only be called for page cache pages .. note::
This routine need only be called for page cache pages
which can potentially ever be mapped into the address which can potentially ever be mapped into the address
space of a user process. So for example, VFS layer code space of a user process. So for example, VFS layer code
handling vfs symlinks in the page cache need not call handling vfs symlinks in the page cache need not call
@ -322,18 +327,19 @@ maps this page at its virtual address.
made of this flag bit, and if set the flush is done and the flag made of this flag bit, and if set the flush is done and the flag
bit is cleared. bit is cleared.
IMPORTANT NOTE: It is often important, if you defer the flush, .. important::
It is often important, if you defer the flush,
that the actual flush occurs on the same CPU that the actual flush occurs on the same CPU
as did the cpu stores into the page to make it as did the cpu stores into the page to make it
dirty. Again, see sparc64 for examples of how dirty. Again, see sparc64 for examples of how
to deal with this. to deal with this.
void copy_to_user_page(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct page *page, ``void copy_to_user_page(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct page *page,
unsigned long user_vaddr, unsigned long user_vaddr, void *dst, void *src, int len)``
void *dst, void *src, int len) ``void copy_from_user_page(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct page *page,
void copy_from_user_page(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct page *page, unsigned long user_vaddr, void *dst, void *src, int len)``
unsigned long user_vaddr,
void *dst, void *src, int len)
When the kernel needs to copy arbitrary data in and out When the kernel needs to copy arbitrary data in and out
of arbitrary user pages (f.e. for ptrace()) it will use of arbitrary user pages (f.e. for ptrace()) it will use
these two routines. these two routines.
@ -344,8 +350,9 @@ maps this page at its virtual address.
likely that you will need to flush the instruction cache likely that you will need to flush the instruction cache
for copy_to_user_page(). for copy_to_user_page().
void flush_anon_page(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct page *page, ``void flush_anon_page(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct page *page,
unsigned long vmaddr) unsigned long vmaddr)``
When the kernel needs to access the contents of an anonymous When the kernel needs to access the contents of an anonymous
page, it calls this function (currently only page, it calls this function (currently only
get_user_pages()). Note: flush_dcache_page() deliberately get_user_pages()). Note: flush_dcache_page() deliberately
@ -354,7 +361,8 @@ maps this page at its virtual address.
architectures). For incoherent architectures, it should flush architectures). For incoherent architectures, it should flush
the cache of the page at vmaddr. the cache of the page at vmaddr.
void flush_kernel_dcache_page(struct page *page) ``void flush_kernel_dcache_page(struct page *page)``
When the kernel needs to modify a user page is has obtained When the kernel needs to modify a user page is has obtained
with kmap, it calls this function after all modifications are with kmap, it calls this function after all modifications are
complete (but before kunmapping it) to bring the underlying complete (but before kunmapping it) to bring the underlying
@ -366,14 +374,16 @@ maps this page at its virtual address.
the kernel cache for page (using page_address(page)). the kernel cache for page (using page_address(page)).
void flush_icache_range(unsigned long start, unsigned long end) ``void flush_icache_range(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)``
When the kernel stores into addresses that it will execute When the kernel stores into addresses that it will execute
out of (eg when loading modules), this function is called. out of (eg when loading modules), this function is called.
If the icache does not snoop stores then this routine will need If the icache does not snoop stores then this routine will need
to flush it. to flush it.
void flush_icache_page(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct page *page) ``void flush_icache_page(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct page *page)``
All the functionality of flush_icache_page can be implemented in All the functionality of flush_icache_page can be implemented in
flush_dcache_page and update_mmu_cache. In the future, the hope flush_dcache_page and update_mmu_cache. In the future, the hope
is to remove this interface completely. is to remove this interface completely.
@ -387,7 +397,8 @@ the kernel trying to do I/O to vmap areas must manually manage
coherency. It must do this by flushing the vmap range before doing coherency. It must do this by flushing the vmap range before doing
I/O and invalidating it after the I/O returns. I/O and invalidating it after the I/O returns.
void flush_kernel_vmap_range(void *vaddr, int size) ``void flush_kernel_vmap_range(void *vaddr, int size)``
flushes the kernel cache for a given virtual address range in flushes the kernel cache for a given virtual address range in
the vmap area. This is to make sure that any data the kernel the vmap area. This is to make sure that any data the kernel
modified in the vmap range is made visible to the physical modified in the vmap range is made visible to the physical
@ -395,7 +406,8 @@ I/O and invalidating it after the I/O returns.
Note that this API does *not* also flush the offset map alias Note that this API does *not* also flush the offset map alias
of the area. of the area.
void invalidate_kernel_vmap_range(void *vaddr, int size) invalidates ``void invalidate_kernel_vmap_range(void *vaddr, int size) invalidates``
the cache for a given virtual address range in the vmap area the cache for a given virtual address range in the vmap area
which prevents the processor from making the cache stale by which prevents the processor from making the cache stale by
speculatively reading data while the I/O was occurring to the speculatively reading data while the I/O was occurring to the