x86, selftests: Add a test for the "sysret_ss_attrs" bug

On AMD CPUs, SYSRET can return with a valid SS descriptor with
with the hidden attributes set to an unusable state.  Make sure
the kernel doesn't let this happen.  This detects an
as-yet-unfixed regression.

Note that the 64-bit version of this test fails on AMD CPUs on
all kernel versions, although the issue in the 64-bit case is
much less severe than in the 32-bit case.

Reported-by: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Tests: e7d6eefaaa ("x86/vdso32/syscall.S: Do not load __USER32_DS to %ss")
Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Will Drewry <wad@chromium.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/resend_4d740841bac383742949e2fefb03982736595087.git.luto@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

tools/testing/selftests/x86/Makefile

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 .PHONY: all all_32 all_64 check_build32 clean run_tests
 
-TARGETS_C_BOTHBITS := sigreturn single_step_syscall
+TARGETS_C_BOTHBITS := sigreturn single_step_syscall sysret_ss_attrs
 
 BINARIES_32 := $(TARGETS_C_BOTHBITS:%=%_32)
 BINARIES_64 := $(TARGETS_C_BOTHBITS:%=%_64)
@@ -46,3 +46,6 @@ check_build32:
 	  echo "  yum install glibc-devel.*i686";			\
 	  exit 1;							\
 	fi
+
+# Some tests have additional dependencies.
+sysret_ss_attrs_64: thunks.S

tools/testing/selftests/x86/run_x86_tests.sh

@@ -4,10 +4,12 @@
 # script here.
 ./sigreturn_32 || exit 1
 ./single_step_syscall_32 || exit 1
+./sysret_ss_attrs_32 || exit 1
 
 if [[ "$uname -p" -eq "x86_64" ]]; then
     ./sigreturn_64 || exit 1
     ./single_step_syscall_64 || exit 1
+    ./sysret_ss_attrs_64 || exit 1
 fi
 
 exit 0

tools/testing/selftests/x86/sysret_ss_attrs.c

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+/*
+ * sysret_ss_attrs.c - test that syscalls return valid hidden SS attributes
+ * Copyright (c) 2015 Andrew Lutomirski
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms and conditions of the GNU General Public License,
+ * version 2, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope it will be useful, but
+ * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * On AMD CPUs, SYSRET can return with a valid SS descriptor with with
+ * the hidden attributes set to an unusable state.  Make sure the kernel
+ * doesn't let this happen.
+ */
+
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <err.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+
+static void *threadproc(void *ctx)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Do our best to cause sleeps on this CPU to exit the kernel and
+	 * re-enter with SS = 0.
+	 */
+	while (true)
+		;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+#ifdef __x86_64__
+extern unsigned long call32_from_64(void *stack, void (*function)(void));
+
+asm (".pushsection .text\n\t"
+     ".code32\n\t"
+     "test_ss:\n\t"
+     "pushl $0\n\t"
+     "popl %eax\n\t"
+     "ret\n\t"
+     ".code64");
+extern void test_ss(void);
+#endif
+
+int main()
+{
+	/*
+	 * Start a busy-looping thread on the same CPU we're on.
+	 * For simplicity, just stick everything to CPU 0.  This will
+	 * fail in some containers, but that's probably okay.
+	 */
+	cpu_set_t cpuset;
+	CPU_ZERO(&cpuset);
+	CPU_SET(0, &cpuset);
+	if (sched_setaffinity(0, sizeof(cpuset), &cpuset) != 0)
+		printf("[WARN]\tsched_setaffinity failed\n");
+
+	pthread_t thread;
+	if (pthread_create(&thread, 0, threadproc, 0) != 0)
+		err(1, "pthread_create");
+
+#ifdef __x86_64__
+	unsigned char *stack32 = mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
+				      MAP_32BIT | MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_PRIVATE,
+				      -1, 0);
+	if (stack32 == MAP_FAILED)
+		err(1, "mmap");
+#endif
+
+	printf("[RUN]\tSyscalls followed by SS validation\n");
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
+		/*
+		 * Go to sleep and return using sysret (if we're 64-bit
+		 * or we're 32-bit on AMD on a 64-bit kernel).  On AMD CPUs,
+		 * SYSRET doesn't fix up the cached SS descriptor, so the
+		 * kernel needs some kind of workaround to make sure that we
+		 * end the system call with a valid stack segment.  This
+		 * can be a confusing failure because the SS *selector*
+		 * is the same regardless.
+		 */
+		usleep(2);
+
+#ifdef __x86_64__
+		/*
+		 * On 32-bit, just doing a syscall through glibc is enough
+		 * to cause a crash if our cached SS descriptor is invalid.
+		 * On 64-bit, it's not, so try extra hard.
+		 */
+		call32_from_64(stack32 + 4088, test_ss);
+#endif
+	}
+
+	printf("[OK]\tWe survived\n");
+
+#ifdef __x86_64__
+	munmap(stack32, 4096);
+#endif
+
+	return 0;
+}

tools/testing/selftests/x86/thunks.S

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+/*
+ * thunks.S - assembly helpers for mixed-bitness code
+ * Copyright (c) 2015 Andrew Lutomirski
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms and conditions of the GNU General Public License,
+ * version 2, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope it will be useful, but
+ * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * These are little helpers that make it easier to switch bitness on
+ * the fly.
+ */
+
+	.text
+
+	.global call32_from_64
+	.type call32_from_64, @function
+call32_from_64:
+	// rdi: stack to use
+	// esi: function to call
+
+	// Save registers
+	pushq %rbx
+	pushq %rbp
+	pushq %r12
+	pushq %r13
+	pushq %r14
+	pushq %r15
+	pushfq
+
+	// Switch stacks
+	mov %rsp,(%rdi)
+	mov %rdi,%rsp
+
+	// Switch to compatibility mode
+	pushq $0x23  /* USER32_CS */
+	pushq $1f
+	lretq
+
+1:
+	.code32
+	// Call the function
+	call *%esi
+	// Switch back to long mode
+	jmp $0x33,$1f
+	.code64
+
+1:
+	// Restore the stack
+	mov (%rsp),%rsp
+
+	// Restore registers
+	popfq
+	popq %r15
+	popq %r14
+	popq %r13
+	popq %r12
+	popq %rbp
+	popq %rbx
+
+	ret
+
+.size call32_from_64, .-call32_from_64