USB documentation: explain lifetime rules for unlinking URBs

This patch (as1534c) updates the documentation for usb_unlink_urb and
related functions.  It explains that the caller must prevent the URB
being unlinked from getting deallocated while the unlink is taking
place.

Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
CC: Ming Lei <tom.leiming@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Documentation/usb/URB.txt

@@ -168,6 +168,28 @@ that if the completion handler or anyone else tries to resubmit it
 they will get a -EPERM error.  Thus you can be sure that when
 usb_kill_urb() returns, the URB is totally idle.
 
+There is a lifetime issue to consider.  An URB may complete at any
+time, and the completion handler may free the URB.  If this happens
+while usb_unlink_urb or usb_kill_urb is running, it will cause a
+memory-access violation.  The driver is responsible for avoiding this,
+which often means some sort of lock will be needed to prevent the URB
+from being deallocated while it is still in use.
+
+On the other hand, since usb_unlink_urb may end up calling the
+completion handler, the handler must not take any lock that is held
+when usb_unlink_urb is invoked.  The general solution to this problem
+is to increment the URB's reference count while holding the lock, then
+drop the lock and call usb_unlink_urb or usb_kill_urb, and then
+decrement the URB's reference count.  You increment the reference
+count by calling
+
+	struct urb *usb_get_urb(struct urb *urb)
+
+(ignore the return value; it is the same as the argument) and
+decrement the reference count by calling usb_free_urb.  Of course,
+none of this is necessary if there's no danger of the URB being freed
+by the completion handler.
+
 
 1.7. What about the completion handler?
 

drivers/usb/core/urb.c

@@ -539,6 +539,10 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(usb_submit_urb);
  * never submitted, or it was unlinked before, or the hardware is already
  * finished with it), even if the completion handler has not yet run.
  *
+ * The URB must not be deallocated while this routine is running.  In
+ * particular, when a driver calls this routine, it must insure that the
+ * completion handler cannot deallocate the URB.
+ *
  * Unlinking and Endpoint Queues:
  *
  * [The behaviors and guarantees described below do not apply to virtual
@@ -603,6 +607,10 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(usb_unlink_urb);
  * with error -EPERM.  Thus even if the URB's completion handler always
  * tries to resubmit, it will not succeed and the URB will become idle.
  *
+ * The URB must not be deallocated while this routine is running.  In
+ * particular, when a driver calls this routine, it must insure that the
+ * completion handler cannot deallocate the URB.
+ *
  * This routine may not be used in an interrupt context (such as a bottom
  * half or a completion handler), or when holding a spinlock, or in other
  * situations where the caller can't schedule().
@@ -640,6 +648,10 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(usb_kill_urb);
  * with error -EPERM.  Thus even if the URB's completion handler always
  * tries to resubmit, it will not succeed and the URB will become idle.
  *
+ * The URB must not be deallocated while this routine is running.  In
+ * particular, when a driver calls this routine, it must insure that the
+ * completion handler cannot deallocate the URB.
+ *
  * This routine may not be used in an interrupt context (such as a bottom
  * half or a completion handler), or when holding a spinlock, or in other
  * situations where the caller can't schedule().