Use atomic_t for ucounts reference counting

The current implementation of the ucounts reference counter requires the
use of spin_lock. We're going to use get_ucounts() in more performance
critical areas like a handling of RLIMIT_SIGPENDING.

Now we need to use spin_lock only if we want to change the hashtable.

v10:
* Always try to put ucounts in case we cannot increase ucounts->count.
  This will allow to cover the case when all consumers will return
  ucounts at once.

v9:
* Use a negative value to check that the ucounts->count is close to
  overflow.

Signed-off-by: Alexey Gladkov <legion@kernel.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/94d1dbecab060a6b116b0a2d1accd8ca1bbb4f5f.1619094428.git.legion@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>

include/linux/user_namespace.h

@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ struct ucounts {
 	struct hlist_node node;
 	struct user_namespace *ns;
 	kuid_t uid;
-	int count;
+	atomic_t count;
 	atomic_long_t ucount[UCOUNT_COUNTS];
 };
 
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ void retire_userns_sysctls(struct user_namespace *ns);
 struct ucounts *inc_ucount(struct user_namespace *ns, kuid_t uid, enum ucount_type type);
 void dec_ucount(struct ucounts *ucounts, enum ucount_type type);
 struct ucounts *alloc_ucounts(struct user_namespace *ns, kuid_t uid);
-struct ucounts *get_ucounts(struct ucounts *ucounts);
+struct ucounts * __must_check get_ucounts(struct ucounts *ucounts);
 void put_ucounts(struct ucounts *ucounts);
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_USER_NS

kernel/ucount.c

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 struct ucounts init_ucounts = {
 	.ns    = &init_user_ns,
 	.uid   = GLOBAL_ROOT_UID,
-	.count = 1,
+	.count = ATOMIC_INIT(1),
 };
 
 #define UCOUNTS_HASHTABLE_BITS 10
@@ -139,6 +139,15 @@ static void hlist_add_ucounts(struct ucounts *ucounts)
 	spin_unlock_irq(&ucounts_lock);
 }
 
+struct ucounts *get_ucounts(struct ucounts *ucounts)
+{
+	if (ucounts && atomic_add_negative(1, &ucounts->count)) {
+		put_ucounts(ucounts);
+		ucounts = NULL;
+	}
+	return ucounts;
+}
+
 struct ucounts *alloc_ucounts(struct user_namespace *ns, kuid_t uid)
 {
 	struct hlist_head *hashent = ucounts_hashentry(ns, uid);
@@ -155,7 +164,7 @@ struct ucounts *alloc_ucounts(struct user_namespace *ns, kuid_t uid)
 
 		new->ns = ns;
 		new->uid = uid;
-		new->count = 0;
+		atomic_set(&new->count, 1);
 
 		spin_lock_irq(&ucounts_lock);
 		ucounts = find_ucounts(ns, uid, hashent);
@@ -163,33 +172,12 @@ struct ucounts *alloc_ucounts(struct user_namespace *ns, kuid_t uid)
 			kfree(new);
 		} else {
 			hlist_add_head(&new->node, hashent);
-			ucounts = new;
+			spin_unlock_irq(&ucounts_lock);
+			return new;
 		}
 	}
-	if (ucounts->count == INT_MAX)
-		ucounts = NULL;
-	else
-		ucounts->count += 1;
 	spin_unlock_irq(&ucounts_lock);
-	return ucounts;
+	ucounts = get_ucounts(ucounts);
-}
-
-struct ucounts *get_ucounts(struct ucounts *ucounts)
-{
-	unsigned long flags;
-
-	if (!ucounts)
-		return NULL;
-
-	spin_lock_irqsave(&ucounts_lock, flags);
-	if (ucounts->count == INT_MAX) {
-		WARN_ONCE(1, "ucounts: counter has reached its maximum value");
-		ucounts = NULL;
-	} else {
-		ucounts->count += 1;
-	}
-	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ucounts_lock, flags);
-
 	return ucounts;
 }
 
@@ -197,15 +185,12 @@ void put_ucounts(struct ucounts *ucounts)
 {
 	unsigned long flags;
 
-	spin_lock_irqsave(&ucounts_lock, flags);
+	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&ucounts->count)) {
-	ucounts->count -= 1;
+		spin_lock_irqsave(&ucounts_lock, flags);
-	if (!ucounts->count)
 		hlist_del_init(&ucounts->node);
-	else
+		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ucounts_lock, flags);
-		ucounts = NULL;
+		kfree(ucounts);
-	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ucounts_lock, flags);
+	}
-
-	kfree(ucounts);
 }
 
 static inline bool atomic_long_inc_below(atomic_long_t *v, int u)