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Manual merge with Linus. 

Conflicts:
	arch/powerpc/kernel/setup-common.c
	drivers/input/keyboard/hil_kbd.c
	drivers/input/mouse/hil_ptr.c
This commit is contained in:
Dmitry Torokhov 2006-04-02 00:08:05 -05:00
parent 642fde17dc 683aa4012f
commit 95d465fd75
5033 changed files with 258164 additions and 166979 deletions
Show Stats Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

3
.gitignore vendored
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@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
#
# Top-level generic files
#
tags
vmlinux*
System.map
Module.symvers
@ -30,3 +31,5 @@ include/linux/autoconf.h
include/linux/compile.h
include/linux/version.h
# stgit generated dirs
patches-*

23
CREDITS
View File

@ -120,7 +120,6 @@ D: Author of lil (Linux Interrupt Latency benchmark)
D: Fixed the shm swap deallocation at swapoff time (try_to_unuse message)
D: VM hacker
D: Various other kernel hacks
S: Via Cicalini 26
S: Imola 40026
S: Italy
@ -1128,8 +1127,10 @@ S: Carnegie, Pennsylvania 15106-4304
S: USA
N: Philip Gladstone
E: philip@raptor.com
E: philip@gladstonefamily.net
D: Kernel / timekeeping stuff
S: Carlisle, MA 01741
S: USA
N: Jan-Benedict Glaw
E: jbglaw@lug-owl.de
@ -2008,13 +2009,14 @@ S: University of Stuttgart, Germany and
S: Ecole Nationale Superieure des Telecommunications, Paris
N: Jamie Lokier
E: jamie@imbolc.ucc.ie
E: jamie@shareable.org
W: http://www.shareable.org/
D: Reboot-through-BIOS for broken 486 motherboards
D: Some parport fixes
S: 11 Goodson Walk
S: Marston
D: Parport fixes, futex improvements
D: First instruction of x86 sysenter path :)
S: 51 Sunningwell Road
S: Oxford
S: OX3 0HX
S: OX1 4SZ
S: United Kingdom
N: Mark Lord
@ -2814,6 +2816,8 @@ E: luca.risolia@studio.unibo.it
P: 1024D/FCE635A4 88E8 F32F 7244 68BA 3958 5D40 99DA 5D2A FCE6 35A4
D: V4L driver for W996[87]CF JPEG USB Dual Mode Camera Chips
D: V4L2 driver for SN9C10x PC Camera Controllers
D: V4L2 driver for ET61X151 and ET61X251 PC Camera Controllers
D: V4L2 driver for ZC0301 Image Processor and Control Chip
S: Via Liberta' 41/A
S: Osio Sotto, 24046, Bergamo
S: Italy
@ -3739,10 +3743,11 @@ D: Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID driver
D: Miscellaneous kernel fixes
N: Alessandro Zummo
E: azummo@ita.flashnet.it
W: http://freepage.logicom.it/azummo/
E: a.zummo@towertech.it
D: CMI8330 support is sb_card.c
D: ISAPnP fixes in sb_card.c
D: ZyXEL omni.net lcd plus driver
D: RTC subsystem
S: Italy
N: Marc Zyngier

113
Documentation/BUG-HUNTING
View File

@ -1,3 +1,56 @@
Table of contents
=================
Last updated: 20 December 2005
Contents
========
- Introduction
- Devices not appearing
- Finding patch that caused a bug
-- Finding using git-bisect
-- Finding it the old way
- Fixing the bug
Introduction
============
Always try the latest kernel from kernel.org and build from source. If you are
not confident in doing that please report the bug to your distribution vendor
instead of to a kernel developer.
Finding bugs is not always easy. Have a go though. If you can't find it don't
give up. Report as much as you have found to the relevant maintainer. See
MAINTAINERS for who that is for the subsystem you have worked on.
Before you submit a bug report read REPORTING-BUGS.
Devices not appearing
=====================
Often this is caused by udev. Check that first before blaming it on the
kernel.
Finding patch that caused a bug
===============================
Finding using git-bisect
------------------------
Using the provided tools with git makes finding bugs easy provided the bug is
reproducible.
Steps to do it:
- start using git for the kernel source
- read the man page for git-bisect
- have fun
Finding it the old way
----------------------
[Sat Mar 2 10:32:33 PST 1996 KERNEL_BUG-HOWTO lm@sgi.com (Larry McVoy)]
This is how to track down a bug if you know nothing about kernel hacking.
@ -90,3 +143,63 @@ it does work and it lets non-hackers help fix bugs. And it is cool
because Linux snapshots will let you do this - something that you can't
do with vendor supplied releases.
Fixing the bug
==============
Nobody is going to tell you how to fix bugs. Seriously. You need to work it
out. But below are some hints on how to use the tools.
To debug a kernel, use objdump and look for the hex offset from the crash
output to find the valid line of code/assembler. Without debug symbols, you
will see the assembler code for the routine shown, but if your kernel has
debug symbols the C code will also be available. (Debug symbols can be enabled
in the kernel hacking menu of the menu configuration.) For example:
objdump -r -S -l --disassemble net/dccp/ipv4.o
NB.: you need to be at the top level of the kernel tree for this to pick up
your C files.
If you don't have access to the code you can also debug on some crash dumps
e.g. crash dump output as shown by Dave Miller.
> EIP is at ip_queue_xmit+0x14/0x4c0
> ...
> Code: 44 24 04 e8 6f 05 00 00 e9 e8 fe ff ff 8d 76 00 8d bc 27 00 00
> 00 00 55 57 56 53 81 ec bc 00 00 00 8b ac 24 d0 00 00 00 8b 5d 08
> <8b> 83 3c 01 00 00 89 44 24 14 8b 45 28 85 c0 89 44 24 18 0f 85
>
> Put the bytes into a "foo.s" file like this:
>
> .text
> .globl foo
> foo:
> .byte .... /* bytes from Code: part of OOPS dump */
>
> Compile it with "gcc -c -o foo.o foo.s" then look at the output of
> "objdump --disassemble foo.o".
>
> Output:
>
> ip_queue_xmit:
> push %ebp
> push %edi
> push %esi
> push %ebx
> sub $0xbc, %esp
> mov 0xd0(%esp), %ebp ! %ebp = arg0 (skb)
> mov 0x8(%ebp), %ebx ! %ebx = skb->sk
> mov 0x13c(%ebx), %eax ! %eax = inet_sk(sk)->opt
Another very useful option of the Kernel Hacking section in menuconfig is
Debug memory allocations. This will help you see whether data has been
initialised and not set before use etc. To see the values that get assigned
with this look at mm/slab.c and search for POISON_INUSE. When using this an
Oops will often show the poisoned data instead of zero which is the default.
Once you have worked out a fix please submit it upstream. After all open
source is about sharing what you do and don't you want to be recognised for
your genius?
Please do read Documentation/SubmittingPatches though to help your code get
accepted.

18
Documentation/Changes
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@ -15,24 +15,6 @@ and therefore owes credit to the same people as that file (Jared Mauch,
Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless other users all over the
'net).
The latest revision of this document, in various formats, can always
be found at <http://cyberbuzz.gatech.edu/kaboom/linux/Changes-2.4/>.
Feel free to translate this document. If you do so, please send me a
URL to your translation for inclusion in future revisions of this
document.
Smotrite file <http://oblom.rnc.ru/linux/kernel/Changes.ru>, yavlyaushisya
russkim perevodom dannogo documenta.
Visite <http://www2.adi.uam.es/~ender/tecnico/> para obtener la traducción
al español de este documento en varios formatos.
Eine deutsche Version dieser Datei finden Sie unter
<http://www.stefan-winter.de/Changes-2.4.0.txt>.
Chris Ricker (kaboom@gatech.edu or chris.ricker@genetics.utah.edu).
Current Minimal Requirements
============================

2
Documentation/DMA-mapping.txt
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@ -199,6 +199,8 @@ address during PCI bus mastering you might do something like:
"mydev: 24-bit DMA addressing not available.\n");
goto ignore_this_device;
}
[Better use DMA_24BIT_MASK instead of 0x00ffffff.
See linux/include/dma-mapping.h for reference.]
When pci_set_dma_mask() is successful, and returns zero, the PCI layer
saves away this mask you have provided. The PCI layer will use this

10
Documentation/DocBook/Makefile
View File

@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
DOCBOOKS := wanbook.xml z8530book.xml mcabook.xml videobook.xml \
kernel-hacking.xml kernel-locking.xml deviceiobook.xml \
procfs-guide.xml writing_usb_driver.xml \
sis900.xml kernel-api.xml journal-api.xml lsm.xml usb.xml \
kernel-api.xml journal-api.xml lsm.xml usb.xml \
gadget.xml libata.xml mtdnand.xml librs.xml rapidio.xml
###
@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ PS_METHOD = $(prefer-db2x)
###
# The targets that may be used.
.PHONY: xmldocs sgmldocs psdocs pdfdocs htmldocs mandocs installmandocs
PHONY += xmldocs sgmldocs psdocs pdfdocs htmldocs mandocs installmandocs
BOOKS := $(addprefix $(obj)/,$(DOCBOOKS))
xmldocs: $(BOOKS)
@ -211,3 +211,9 @@ clean-dirs := $(patsubst %.xml,%,$(DOCBOOKS))
#man put files in man subdir - traverse down
subdir- := man/
# Declare the contents of the .PHONY variable as phony. We keep that
# information in a variable se we can use it in if_changed and friends.
.PHONY: $(PHONY)

19
Documentation/DocBook/deviceiobook.tmpl
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@ -270,25 +270,6 @@ CPU B: spin_unlock_irqrestore(&amp;dev_lock, flags)
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1>
<title>ISA legacy functions</title>
<para>
On older kernels (2.2 and earlier) the ISA bus could be read or
written with these functions and without ioremap being used. This is
no longer true in Linux 2.4. A set of equivalent functions exist for
easy legacy driver porting. The functions available are prefixed
with 'isa_' and are <function>isa_readb</function>,
<function>isa_writeb</function>, <function>isa_readw</function>,
<function>isa_writew</function>, <function>isa_readl</function>,
<function>isa_writel</function>, <function>isa_memcpy_fromio</function>
and <function>isa_memcpy_toio</function>
</para>
<para>
These functions should not be used in new drivers, and will
eventually be going away.
</para>
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter>

47
Documentation/DocBook/libata.tmpl
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@ -120,14 +120,27 @@ void (*dev_config) (struct ata_port *, struct ata_device *);
<programlisting>
void (*set_piomode) (struct ata_port *, struct ata_device *);
void (*set_dmamode) (struct ata_port *, struct ata_device *);
void (*post_set_mode) (struct ata_port *ap);
void (*post_set_mode) (struct ata_port *);
unsigned int (*mode_filter) (struct ata_port *, struct ata_device *, unsigned int);
</programlisting>
<para>
Hooks called prior to the issue of SET FEATURES - XFER MODE
command. dev->pio_mode is guaranteed to be valid when
->set_piomode() is called, and dev->dma_mode is guaranteed to be
valid when ->set_dmamode() is called. ->post_set_mode() is
command. The optional ->mode_filter() hook is called when libata
has built a mask of the possible modes. This is passed to the
->mode_filter() function which should return a mask of valid modes
after filtering those unsuitable due to hardware limits. It is not
valid to use this interface to add modes.
</para>
<para>
dev->pio_mode and dev->dma_mode are guaranteed to be valid when
->set_piomode() and when ->set_dmamode() is called. The timings for
any other drive sharing the cable will also be valid at this point.
That is the library records the decisions for the modes of each
drive on a channel before it attempts to set any of them.
</para>
<para>
->post_set_mode() is
called unconditionally, after the SET FEATURES - XFER MODE
command completes successfully.
</para>
@ -230,6 +243,32 @@ void (*dev_select)(struct ata_port *ap, unsigned int device);
</sect2>
<sect2><title>Private tuning method</title>
<programlisting>
void (*set_mode) (struct ata_port *ap);
</programlisting>
<para>
By default libata performs drive and controller tuning in
accordance with the ATA timing rules and also applies blacklists
and cable limits. Some controllers need special handling and have
custom tuning rules, typically raid controllers that use ATA
commands but do not actually do drive timing.
</para>
<warning>
<para>
This hook should not be used to replace the standard controller
tuning logic when a controller has quirks. Replacing the default
tuning logic in that case would bypass handling for drive and
bridge quirks that may be important to data reliability. If a
controller needs to filter the mode selection it should use the
mode_filter hook instead.
</para>
</warning>
</sect2>
<sect2><title>Reset ATA bus</title>
<programlisting>
void (*phy_reset) (struct ata_port *ap);

585
Documentation/DocBook/sis900.tmpl
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@ -1,585 +0,0 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []>
<book id="SiS900Guide">
<bookinfo>
<title>SiS 900/7016 Fast Ethernet Device Driver</title>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Ollie</firstname>
<surname>Lho</surname>
</author>
<author>
<firstname>Lei Chun</firstname>
<surname>Chang</surname>
</author>
</authorgroup>
<edition>Document Revision: 0.3 for SiS900 driver v1.06 &amp; v1.07</edition>
<pubdate>November 16, 2000</pubdate>
<copyright>
<year>1999</year>
<holder>Silicon Integrated System Corp.</holder>
</copyright>
<legalnotice>
<para>
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
</para>
<para>
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
</para>
<para>
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
</para>
</legalnotice>
<abstract>
<para>
This document gives some information on installation and usage of SiS 900/7016
device driver under Linux.
</para>
</abstract>
</bookinfo>
<toc></toc>
<chapter id="intro">
<title>Introduction</title>
<para>
This document describes the revision 1.06 and 1.07 of SiS 900/7016 Fast Ethernet
device driver under Linux. The driver is developed by Silicon Integrated
System Corp. and distributed freely under the GNU General Public License (GPL).
The driver can be compiled as a loadable module and used under Linux kernel
version 2.2.x. (rev. 1.06)
With minimal changes, the driver can also be used under 2.3.x and 2.4.x kernel
(rev. 1.07), please see
<xref linkend="install"/>. If you are intended to
use the driver for earlier kernels, you are on your own.
</para>
<para>
The driver is tested with usual TCP/IP applications including
FTP, Telnet, Netscape etc. and is used constantly by the developers.
</para>
<para>
Please send all comments/fixes/questions to
<ulink url="mailto:lcchang@sis.com.tw">Lei-Chun Chang</ulink>.
</para>
</chapter>
<chapter id="changes">
<title>Changes</title>
<para>
Changes made in Revision 1.07
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Separation of sis900.c and sis900.h in order to move most
constant definition to sis900.h (many of those constants were
corrected)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Clean up PCI detection, the pci-scan from Donald Becker were not used,
just simple pci&lowbar;find&lowbar;*.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
MII detection is modified to support multiple mii transceiver.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Bugs in read&lowbar;eeprom, mdio&lowbar;* were removed.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Lot of sis900 irrelevant comments were removed/changed and
more comments were added to reflect the real situation.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Clean up of physical/virtual address space mess in buffer
descriptors.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Better transmit/receive error handling.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The driver now uses zero-copy single buffer management
scheme to improve performance.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Names of variables were changed to be more consistent.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Clean up of auo-negotiation and timer code.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Automatic detection and change of PHY on the fly.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Bug in mac probing fixed.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Fix 630E equalier problem by modifying the equalizer workaround rule.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Support for ICS1893 10/100 Interated PHYceiver.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Support for media select by ifconfig.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Added kernel-doc extratable documentation.
</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
</para>
</chapter>
<chapter id="tested">
<title>Tested Environment</title>
<para>
This driver is developed on the following hardware
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Intel Celeron 500 with SiS 630 (rev 02) chipset
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
SiS 900 (rev 01) and SiS 7016/7014 Fast Ethernet Card
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
and tested with these software environments
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Red Hat Linux version 6.2
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Linux kernel version 2.4.0
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Netscape version 4.6
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
NcFTP 3.0.0 beta 18
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Samba version 2.0.3
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
</chapter>
<chapter id="files">
<title>Files in This Package</title>
<para>
In the package you can find these files:
</para>
<para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>sis900.c</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Driver source file in C
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>sis900.h</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Header file for sis900.c
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>sis900.sgml</term>
<listitem>
<para>
DocBook SGML source of the document
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>sis900.txt</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Driver document in plain text
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
</chapter>
<chapter id="install">
<title>Installation</title>
<para>
Silicon Integrated System Corp. is cooperating closely with core Linux Kernel
developers. The revisions of SiS 900 driver are distributed by the usuall channels
for kernel tar files and patches. Those kernel tar files for official kernel and
patches for kernel pre-release can be download at
<ulink url="http://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/">official kernel ftp site</ulink>
and its mirrors.
The 1.06 revision can be found in kernel version later than 2.3.15 and pre-2.2.14,
and 1.07 revision can be found in kernel version 2.4.0.
If you have no prior experience in networking under Linux, please read
<ulink url="http://www.tldp.org/">Ethernet HOWTO</ulink> and
<ulink url="http://www.tldp.org/">Networking HOWTO</ulink> available from
Linux Documentation Project (LDP).
</para>
<para>
The driver is bundled in release later than 2.2.11 and 2.3.15 so this
is the most easy case.
Be sure you have the appropriate packages for compiling kernel source.
Those packages are listed in Document/Changes in kernel source
distribution. If you have to install the driver other than those bundled
in kernel release, you should have your driver file
<filename>sis900.c</filename> and <filename>sis900.h</filename>
copied into <filename class="directory">/usr/src/linux/drivers/net/</filename> first.
There are two alternative ways to install the driver
</para>
<sect1>
<title>Building the driver as loadable module</title>
<para>
To build the driver as a loadable kernel module you have to reconfigure
the kernel to activate network support by
</para>
<para><screen>
make menuconfig
</screen></para>
<para>
Choose <quote>Loadable module support ---></quote>,
then select <quote>Enable loadable module support</quote>.
</para>
<para>
Choose <quote>Network Device Support ---></quote>, select
<quote>Ethernet (10 or 100Mbit)</quote>.
Then select <quote>EISA, VLB, PCI and on board controllers</quote>,
and choose <quote>SiS 900/7016 PCI Fast Ethernet Adapter support</quote>
to <quote>M</quote>.
</para>
<para>
After reconfiguring the kernel, you can make the driver module by
</para>
<para><screen>
make modules
</screen></para>
<para>
The driver should be compiled with no errors. After compiling the driver,
the driver can be installed to proper place by
</para>
<para><screen>
make modules_install
</screen></para>
<para>
Load the driver into kernel by
</para>
<para><screen>
insmod sis900
</screen></para>
<para>
When loading the driver into memory, some information message can be view by
</para>
<para>
<screen>
dmesg
</screen>
or
<screen>
cat /var/log/message
</screen>
</para>
<para>
If the driver is loaded properly you will have messages similar to this:
</para>
<para><screen>
sis900.c: v1.07.06 11/07/2000
eth0: SiS 900 PCI Fast Ethernet at 0xd000, IRQ 10, 00:00:e8:83:7f:a4.
eth0: SiS 900 Internal MII PHY transceiver found at address 1.
eth0: Using SiS 900 Internal MII PHY as default
</screen></para>
<para>
showing the version of the driver and the results of probing routine.
</para>
<para>
Once the driver is loaded, network can be brought up by
</para>
<para><screen>
/sbin/ifconfig eth0 IPADDR broadcast BROADCAST netmask NETMASK media TYPE
</screen></para>
<para>
where IPADDR, BROADCAST, NETMASK are your IP address, broadcast address and
netmask respectively. TYPE is used to set medium type used by the device.
Typical values are "10baseT"(twisted-pair 10Mbps Ethernet) or "100baseT"
(twisted-pair 100Mbps Ethernet). For more information on how to configure
network interface, please refer to
<ulink url="http://www.tldp.org/">Networking HOWTO</ulink>.
</para>
<para>
The link status is also shown by kernel messages. For example, after the
network interface is activated, you may have the message:
</para>
<para><screen>
eth0: Media Link On 100mbps full-duplex
</screen></para>
<para>
If you try to unplug the twist pair (TP) cable you will get
</para>
<para><screen>
eth0: Media Link Off
</screen></para>
<para>
indicating that the link is failed.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1>
<title>Building the driver into kernel</title>
<para>
If you want to make the driver into kernel, choose <quote>Y</quote>
rather than <quote>M</quote> on
<quote>SiS 900/7016 PCI Fast Ethernet Adapter support</quote>
when configuring the kernel. Build the kernel image in the usual way
</para>
<para><screen>
make clean
make bzlilo
</screen></para>
<para>
Next time the system reboot, you have the driver in memory.
</para>
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter id="problems">
<title>Known Problems and Bugs</title>
<para>
There are some known problems and bugs. If you find any other bugs please
mail to <ulink url="mailto:lcchang@sis.com.tw">lcchang@sis.com.tw</ulink>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
AM79C901 HomePNA PHY is not thoroughly tested, there may be some
bugs in the <quote>on the fly</quote> change of transceiver.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
A bug is hidden somewhere in the receive buffer management code,
the bug causes NULL pointer reference in the kernel. This fault is
caught before bad things happen and reported with the message:
<computeroutput>
eth0: NULL pointer encountered in Rx ring, skipping
</computeroutput>
which can be viewed with <literal remap="tt">dmesg</literal> or
<literal remap="tt">cat /var/log/message</literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The media type change from 10Mbps to 100Mbps twisted-pair ethernet
by ifconfig causes the media link down.
</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
</para>
</chapter>
<chapter id="RHistory">
<title>Revision History</title>
<para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
November 13, 2000, Revision 1.07, seventh release, 630E problem fixed
and further clean up.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
November 4, 1999, Revision 1.06, Second release, lots of clean up
and optimization.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
August 8, 1999, Revision 1.05, Initial Public Release
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
</chapter>
<chapter id="acknowledgements">
<title>Acknowledgements</title>
<para>
This driver was originally derived form
<ulink url="mailto:becker@cesdis1.gsfc.nasa.gov">Donald Becker</ulink>'s
<ulink url="ftp://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/linux/drivers/kern-2.3/pci-skeleton.c"
>pci-skeleton</ulink> and
<ulink url="ftp://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/linux/drivers/kern-2.3/rtl8139.c"
>rtl8139</ulink> drivers. Donald also provided various suggestion
regarded with improvements made in revision 1.06.
</para>
<para>
The 1.05 revision was created by
<ulink url="mailto:cmhuang@sis.com.tw">Jim Huang</ulink>, AMD 79c901
support was added by <ulink url="mailto:lcs@sis.com.tw">Chin-Shan Li</ulink>.
</para>
</chapter>
<chapter id="functions">
<title>List of Functions</title>
!Idrivers/net/sis900.c
</chapter>
</book>

6
Documentation/RCU/whatisRCU.txt
View File

@ -360,7 +360,7 @@ uses of RCU may be found in listRCU.txt, arrayRCU.txt, and NMI-RCU.txt.
struct foo *new_fp;
struct foo *old_fp;
new_fp = kmalloc(sizeof(*fp), GFP_KERNEL);
new_fp = kmalloc(sizeof(*new_fp), GFP_KERNEL);
spin_lock(&foo_mutex);
old_fp = gbl_foo;
*new_fp = *old_fp;
@ -461,7 +461,7 @@ The foo_update_a() function might then be written as follows:
struct foo *new_fp;
struct foo *old_fp;
new_fp = kmalloc(sizeof(*fp), GFP_KERNEL);
new_fp = kmalloc(sizeof(*new_fp), GFP_KERNEL);
spin_lock(&foo_mutex);
old_fp = gbl_foo;
*new_fp = *old_fp;
@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ are the same as those shown in the preceding section, so they are omitted.
{
int cpu;
for_each_cpu(cpu)
for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
run_on(cpu);
}

2
Documentation/aoe/mkdevs.sh
View File

@ -27,6 +27,8 @@ rm -f $dir/discover
mknod -m 0200 $dir/discover c $MAJOR 3
rm -f $dir/interfaces
mknod -m 0200 $dir/interfaces c $MAJOR 4
rm -f $dir/revalidate
mknod -m 0200 $dir/revalidate c $MAJOR 5
export n_partitions
mkshelf=`echo $0 | sed 's!mkdevs!mkshelf!'`

1
Documentation/aoe/udev.txt
View File

@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
SUBSYSTEM="aoe", KERNEL="discover", NAME="etherd/%k", GROUP="disk", MODE="0220"
SUBSYSTEM="aoe", KERNEL="err", NAME="etherd/%k", GROUP="disk", MODE="0440"
SUBSYSTEM="aoe", KERNEL="interfaces", NAME="etherd/%k", GROUP="disk", MODE="0220"
SUBSYSTEM="aoe", KERNEL="revalidate", NAME="etherd/%k", GROUP="disk", MODE="0220"
# aoe block devices
KERNEL="etherd*", NAME="%k", GROUP="disk"

2
Documentation/arm/Booting
View File

@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ to store page tables. The recommended placement is 32KiB into RAM.
In either case, the following conditions must be met:
- Quiesce all DMA capable devicess so that memory does not get
- Quiesce all DMA capable devices so that memory does not get
corrupted by bogus network packets or disk data. This will save
you many hours of debug.

2
Documentation/arm/README
View File

@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ Modules
Although modularisation is supported (and required for the FP emulator),
each module on an ARM2/ARM250/ARM3 machine when is loaded will take
memory up to the next 32k boundary due to the size of the pages.
Therefore, modularisation on these machines really worth it?
Therefore, is modularisation on these machines really worth it?
However, ARM6 and up machines allow modules to take multiples of 4k, and
as such Acorn RiscPCs and other architectures using these processors can

2
Documentation/arm/SA1100/Assabet
View File

@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Installing a bootloader
A couple of bootloaders able to boot Linux on Assabet are available:
BLOB (http://www.lart.tudelft.nl/lartware/blob/)
BLOB (http://www.lartmaker.nl/lartware/blob/)
BLOB is a bootloader used within the LART project. Some contributed
patches were merged into BLOB to add support for Assabet.

2
Documentation/arm/SA1100/LART
View File

@ -11,4 +11,4 @@ is under development, with plenty of others in different stages of
planning.
The hardware designs for this board have been released under an open license;
see the LART page at http://www.lart.tudelft.nl/ for more information.
see the LART page at http://www.lartmaker.nl/ for more information.

42
Documentation/arm/Samsung-S3C24XX/Overview.txt
View File

@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ Introduction
by the 's3c2410' architecture of ARM Linux. Currently the S3C2410 and
the S3C2440 are supported CPUs.
Support for the S3C2400 series is in progress.
Configuration
-------------
@ -32,6 +34,11 @@ Machines
A general purpose development board, see EB2410ITX.txt for further
details
Simtec Electronics IM2440D20 (Osiris)
CPU Module from Simtec Electronics, with a S3C2440A CPU, nand flash
and a PCMCIA controller.
Samsung SMDK2410
Samsung's own development board, geared for PDA work.
@ -85,6 +92,26 @@ Adding New Machines
mailing list information.
I2C
---
The hardware I2C core in the CPU is supported in single master
mode, and can be configured via platform data.
RTC
---
Support for the onboard RTC unit, including alarm function.
Watchdog
--------
The onchip watchdog is available via the standard watchdog
interface.
NAND
----
@ -121,6 +148,15 @@ Clock Management
various clock units
Suspend to RAM
--------------
For boards that provide support for suspend to RAM, the
system can be placed into low power suspend.
See Suspend.txt for more information.
Platform Data
-------------
@ -158,6 +194,7 @@ Platform Data
exported outside arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/, or exported to
modules via EXPORT_SYMBOL() and related functions.
Port Contributors
-----------------
@ -188,8 +225,11 @@ Document Changes
08 Mar 2005 - BJD - Added LCVR to list of people, updated introduction
08 Mar 2005 - BJD - Added section on adding machines
09 Sep 2005 - BJD - Added section on platform data
11 Feb 2006 - BJD - Added I2C, RTC and Watchdog sections
11 Feb 2006 - BJD - Added Osiris machine, and S3C2400 information
Document Author
---------------
Ben Dooks, (c) 2004-2005 Simtec Electronics
Ben Dooks, (c) 2004-2005,2006 Simtec Electronics

2
Documentation/arm/Setup
View File

@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ below:
video_y
This describes the character position of cursor on VGA console, and
is otherwise unused. (should not used for other console types, and
is otherwise unused. (should not be used for other console types, and
should not be used for other purposes).
memc_control_reg

14
Documentation/block/biodoc.txt
View File

@ -132,8 +132,18 @@ Some new queue property settings:
limit. No highmem default.
blk_queue_max_sectors(q, max_sectors)
Maximum size request you can handle in units of 512 byte
sectors. 255 default.
Sets two variables that limit the size of the request.
- The request queue's max_sectors, which is a soft size in
in units of 512 byte sectors, and could be dynamically varied
by the core kernel.
- The request queue's max_hw_sectors, which is a hard limit
and reflects the maximum size request a driver can handle
in units of 512 byte sectors.
The default for both max_sectors and max_hw_sectors is
255. The upper limit of max_sectors is 1024.
blk_queue_max_phys_segments(q, max_segments)
Maximum physical segments you can handle in a request. 128

21
Documentation/cachetlb.txt
View File

@ -362,6 +362,27 @@ maps this page at its virtual address.
likely that you will need to flush the instruction cache
for copy_to_user_page().
void flush_anon_page(struct page *page, unsigned long vmaddr)
When the kernel needs to access the contents of an anonymous
page, it calls this function (currently only
get_user_pages()). Note: flush_dcache_page() deliberately
doesn't work for an anonymous page. The default
implementation is a nop (and should remain so for all coherent
architectures). For incoherent architectures, it should flush
the cache of the page at vmaddr in the current user process.
void flush_kernel_dcache_page(struct page *page)
When the kernel needs to modify a user page is has obtained
with kmap, it calls this function after all modifications are
complete (but before kunmapping it) to bring the underlying
page up to date. It is assumed here that the user has no
incoherent cached copies (i.e. the original page was obtained
from a mechanism like get_user_pages()). The default
implementation is a nop and should remain so on all coherent
architectures. On incoherent architectures, this should flush
the kernel cache for page (using page_address(page)).
void flush_icache_range(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
When the kernel stores into addresses that it will execute
out of (eg when loading modules), this function is called.

5
Documentation/connector/connector.txt
View File

@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ Unregisters new callback with connector core.
struct cb_id *id - unique connector's user identifier.
void cn_netlink_send(struct cn_msg *msg, u32 __groups, int gfp_mask);
int cn_netlink_send(struct cn_msg *msg, u32 __groups, int gfp_mask);
Sends message to the specified groups. It can be safely called from
any context, but may silently fail under strong memory pressure.
softirq context, but may silently fail under strong memory pressure.
If there are no listeners for given group -ESRCH can be returned.
struct cn_msg * - message header(with attached data).
u32 __group - destination group.

4
Documentation/cpu-hotplug.txt
View File

@ -97,13 +97,13 @@ at which time hotplug is disabled.
You really dont need to manipulate any of the system cpu maps. They should
be read-only for most use. When setting up per-cpu resources almost always use
cpu_possible_map/for_each_cpu() to iterate.
cpu_possible_map/for_each_possible_cpu() to iterate.
Never use anything other than cpumask_t to represent bitmap of CPUs.
#include <linux/cpumask.h>
for_each_cpu - Iterate over cpu_possible_map
for_each_possible_cpu - Iterate over cpu_possible_map
for_each_online_cpu - Iterate over cpu_online_map
for_each_present_cpu - Iterate over cpu_present_map
for_each_cpu_mask(x,mask) - Iterate over some random collection of cpu mask.

117
Documentation/cpusets.txt
View File

@ -4,8 +4,9 @@
Copyright (C) 2004 BULL SA.
Written by Simon.Derr@bull.net
Portions Copyright (c) 2004 Silicon Graphics, Inc.
Portions Copyright (c) 2004-2006 Silicon Graphics, Inc.
Modified by Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Modified by Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
CONTENTS:
=========
@ -17,7 +18,8 @@ CONTENTS:
1.4 What are exclusive cpusets ?
1.5 What does notify_on_release do ?
1.6 What is memory_pressure ?
1.7 How do I use cpusets ?
1.7 What is memory spread ?
1.8 How do I use cpusets ?
2. Usage Examples and Syntax
2.1 Basic Usage
2.2 Adding/removing cpus
@ -90,7 +92,8 @@ This can be especially valuable on:
These subsets, or "soft partitions" must be able to be dynamically
adjusted, as the job mix changes, without impacting other concurrently
executing jobs.
executing jobs. The location of the running jobs pages may also be moved
when the memory locations are changed.
The kernel cpuset patch provides the minimum essential kernel
mechanisms required to efficiently implement such subsets. It
@ -102,8 +105,8 @@ memory allocator code.
1.3 How are cpusets implemented ?
---------------------------------
Cpusets provide a Linux kernel (2.6.7 and above) mechanism to constrain
which CPUs and Memory Nodes are used by a process or set of processes.
Cpusets provide a Linux kernel mechanism to constrain which CPUs and
Memory Nodes are used by a process or set of processes.
The Linux kernel already has a pair of mechanisms to specify on which
CPUs a task may be scheduled (sched_setaffinity) and on which Memory
@ -315,7 +318,78 @@ the tasks in the cpuset, in units of reclaims attempted per second,
times 1000.
1.7 How do I use cpusets ?
1.7 What is memory spread ?
---------------------------
There are two boolean flag files per cpuset that control where the
kernel allocates pages for the file system buffers and related in
kernel data structures. They are called 'memory_spread_page' and
'memory_spread_slab'.
If the per-cpuset boolean flag file 'memory_spread_page' is set, then
the kernel will spread the file system buffers (page cache) evenly
over all the nodes that the faulting task is allowed to use, instead
of preferring to put those pages on the node where the task is running.
If the per-cpuset boolean flag file 'memory_spread_slab' is set,
then the kernel will spread some file system related slab caches,
such as for inodes and dentries evenly over all the nodes that the
faulting task is allowed to use, instead of preferring to put those
pages on the node where the task is running.
The setting of these flags does not affect anonymous data segment or
stack segment pages of a task.
By default, both kinds of memory spreading are off, and memory
pages are allocated on the node local to where the task is running,
except perhaps as modified by the tasks NUMA mempolicy or cpuset
configuration, so long as sufficient free memory pages are available.
When new cpusets are created, they inherit the memory spread settings
of their parent.
Setting memory spreading causes allocations for the affected page
or slab caches to ignore the tasks NUMA mempolicy and be spread
instead. Tasks using mbind() or set_mempolicy() calls to set NUMA
mempolicies will not notice any change in these calls as a result of
their containing tasks memory spread settings. If memory spreading
is turned off, then the currently specified NUMA mempolicy once again
applies to memory page allocations.
Both 'memory_spread_page' and 'memory_spread_slab' are boolean flag
files. By default they contain "0", meaning that the feature is off
for that cpuset. If a "1" is written to that file, then that turns
the named feature on.
The implementation is simple.
Setting the flag 'memory_spread_page' turns on a per-process flag
PF_SPREAD_PAGE for each task that is in that cpuset or subsequently
joins that cpuset. The page allocation calls for the page cache
is modified to perform an inline check for this PF_SPREAD_PAGE task
flag, and if set, a call to a new routine cpuset_mem_spread_node()
returns the node to prefer for the allocation.
Similarly, setting 'memory_spread_cache' turns on the flag
PF_SPREAD_SLAB, and appropriately marked slab caches will allocate
pages from the node returned by cpuset_mem_spread_node().
The cpuset_mem_spread_node() routine is also simple. It uses the
value of a per-task rotor cpuset_mem_spread_rotor to select the next
node in the current tasks mems_allowed to prefer for the allocation.
This memory placement policy is also known (in other contexts) as
round-robin or interleave.
This policy can provide substantial improvements for jobs that need
to place thread local data on the corresponding node, but that need
to access large file system data sets that need to be spread across
the several nodes in the jobs cpuset in order to fit. Without this
policy, especially for jobs that might have one thread reading in the
data set, the memory allocation across the nodes in the jobs cpuset
can become very uneven.
1.8 How do I use cpusets ?
--------------------------
In order to minimize the impact of cpusets on critical kernel
@ -371,22 +445,17 @@ cpusets memory placement policy 'mems' subsequently changes.
If the cpuset flag file 'memory_migrate' is set true, then when
tasks are attached to that cpuset, any pages that task had
allocated to it on nodes in its previous cpuset are migrated
to the tasks new cpuset. Depending on the implementation,
this migration may either be done by swapping the page out,
so that the next time the page is referenced, it will be paged
into the tasks new cpuset, usually on the node where it was
referenced, or this migration may be done by directly copying
the pages from the tasks previous cpuset to the new cpuset,
where possible to the same node, relative to the new cpuset,
as the node that held the page, relative to the old cpuset.
to the tasks new cpuset. The relative placement of the page within
the cpuset is preserved during these migration operations if possible.
For example if the page was on the second valid node of the prior cpuset
then the page will be placed on the second valid node of the new cpuset.
Also if 'memory_migrate' is set true, then if that cpusets
'mems' file is modified, pages allocated to tasks in that
cpuset, that were on nodes in the previous setting of 'mems',
will be moved to nodes in the new setting of 'mems.' Again,
depending on the implementation, this might be done by swapping,
or by direct copying. In either case, pages that were not in
the tasks prior cpuset, or in the cpusets prior 'mems' setting,
will not be moved.
will be moved to nodes in the new setting of 'mems.'
Pages that were not in the tasks prior cpuset, or in the cpusets
prior 'mems' setting, will not be moved.
There is an exception to the above. If hotplug functionality is used
to remove all the CPUs that are currently assigned to a cpuset,
@ -434,16 +503,6 @@ and then start a subshell 'sh' in that cpuset:
# The next line should display '/Charlie'
cat /proc/self/cpuset
In the case that a change of cpuset includes wanting to move already
allocated memory pages, consider further the work of IWAMOTO
Toshihiro <iwamoto@valinux.co.jp> for page remapping and memory
hotremoval, which can be found at:
http://people.valinux.co.jp/~iwamoto/mh.html
The integration of cpusets with such memory migration is not yet
available.
In the future, a C library interface to cpusets will likely be
available. For now, the only way to query or modify cpusets is
via the cpuset file system, using the various cd, mkdir, echo, cat,

4
Documentation/cputopology.txt
View File

@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
Export cpu topology info by sysfs. Items (attributes) are similar
Export cpu topology info via sysfs. Items (attributes) are similar
to /proc/cpuinfo.
1) /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/topology/physical_package_id:
@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ represent the thread siblings to cpu X in the same core;
represent the thread siblings to cpu X in the same physical package;
To implement it in an architecture-neutral way, a new source file,
driver/base/topology.c, is to export the 5 attributes.
drivers/base/topology.c, is to export the 4 attributes.
If one architecture wants to support this feature, it just needs to
implement 4 defines, typically in file include/asm-XXX/topology.h.

34
Documentation/drivers/edac/edac.txt
View File

@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ within the computer system. In the initial release, memory Correctable Errors
Detecting CE events, then harvesting those events and reporting them,
CAN be a predictor of future UE events. With CE events, the system can
continue to operate, but with less safety. Preventive maintainence and
continue to operate, but with less safety. Preventive maintenance and
proactive part replacement of memory DIMMs exhibiting CEs can reduce
the likelihood of the dreaded UE events and system 'panics'.
@ -29,13 +29,13 @@ the likelihood of the dreaded UE events and system 'panics'.
In addition, PCI Bus Parity and SERR Errors are scanned for on PCI devices
in order to determine if errors are occurring on data transfers.
The presence of PCI Parity errors must be examined with a grain of salt.
There are several addin adapters that do NOT follow the PCI specification
There are several add-in adapters that do NOT follow the PCI specification
with regards to Parity generation and reporting. The specification says
the vendor should tie the parity status bits to 0 if they do not intend
to generate parity. Some vendors do not do this, and thus the parity bit
can "float" giving false positives.
The PCI Parity EDAC device has the ability to "skip" known flakey
The PCI Parity EDAC device has the ability to "skip" known flaky
cards during the parity scan. These are set by the parity "blacklist"
interface in the sysfs for PCI Parity. (See the PCI section in the sysfs
section below.) There is also a parity "whitelist" which is used as
@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ Memory Controller (mc) Model
First a background on the memory controller's model abstracted in EDAC.
Each mc device controls a set of DIMM memory modules. These modules are
layed out in a Chip-Select Row (csrowX) and Channel table (chX). There can
laid out in a Chip-Select Row (csrowX) and Channel table (chX). There can
be multiple csrows and two channels.
Memory controllers allow for several csrows, with 8 csrows being a typical value.
@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ for memory DIMMs:
DIMM_B1
Labels for these slots are usually silk screened on the motherboard. Slots
labeled 'A' are channel 0 in this example. Slots labled 'B'
labeled 'A' are channel 0 in this example. Slots labeled 'B'
are channel 1. Notice that there are two csrows possible on a
physical DIMM. These csrows are allocated their csrow assignment
based on the slot into which the memory DIMM is placed. Thus, when 1 DIMM
@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ is placed in each Channel, the csrows cross both DIMMs.
Memory DIMMs come single or dual "ranked". A rank is a populated csrow.
Thus, 2 single ranked DIMMs, placed in slots DIMM_A0 and DIMM_B0 above
will have 1 csrow, csrow0. csrow1 will be empty. On the other hand,
when 2 dual ranked DIMMs are similiaryly placed, then both csrow0 and
when 2 dual ranked DIMMs are similarly placed, then both csrow0 and
csrow1 will be populated. The pattern repeats itself for csrow2 and
csrow3.
@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ Module Version read-only attribute file:
'mc_version'
The EDAC CORE modules's version and compile date are shown here to
The EDAC CORE module's version and compile date are shown here to
indicate what EDAC is running.
@ -423,7 +423,7 @@ Total memory managed by this csrow attribute file:
'size_mb'
This attribute file displays, in count of megabytes, of memory
that this csrow contatins.
that this csrow contains.
Memory Type attribute file:
@ -557,7 +557,7 @@ On Header Type 00 devices the primary status is looked at
for any parity error regardless of whether Parity is enabled on the
device. (The spec indicates parity is generated in some cases).
On Header Type 01 bridges, the secondary status register is also
looked at to see if parity ocurred on the bus on the other side of
looked at to see if parity occurred on the bus on the other side of
the bridge.
@ -588,7 +588,7 @@ Panic on PCI PARITY Error:
'panic_on_pci_parity'
This control files enables or disables panic'ing when a parity
This control files enables or disables panicking when a parity
error has been detected.
@ -616,12 +616,12 @@ PCI Device Whitelist:
This control file allows for an explicit list of PCI devices to be
scanned for parity errors. Only devices found on this list will
be examined. The list is a line of hexadecimel VENDOR and DEVICE
be examined. The list is a line of hexadecimal VENDOR and DEVICE
ID tuples:
1022:7450,1434:16a6
One or more can be inserted, seperated by a comma.
One or more can be inserted, separated by a comma.
To write the above list doing the following as one command line:
@ -639,11 +639,11 @@ PCI Device Blacklist:
This control file allows for a list of PCI devices to be
skipped for scanning.
The list is a line of hexadecimel VENDOR and DEVICE ID tuples:
The list is a line of hexadecimal VENDOR and DEVICE ID tuples:
1022:7450,1434:16a6
One or more can be inserted, seperated by a comma.
One or more can be inserted, separated by a comma.
To write the above list doing the following as one command line:
@ -651,14 +651,14 @@ PCI Device Blacklist:
> /sys/devices/system/edac/pci/pci_parity_blacklist
To display what the whitelist current contatins,
To display what the whitelist currently contains,
simply 'cat' the same file.
=======================================================================
PCI Vendor and Devices IDs can be obtained with the lspci command. Using
the -n option lspci will display the vendor and device IDs. The system
adminstrator will have to determine which devices should be scanned or
administrator will have to determine which devices should be scanned or
skipped.
@ -669,5 +669,5 @@ Turn OFF a whitelist by an empty echo command:
echo > /sys/devices/system/edac/pci/pci_parity_whitelist
and any previous blacklist will be utililzed.
and any previous blacklist will be utilized.

10
Documentation/dvb/avermedia.txt
View File

@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
HOWTO: Get An Avermedia DVB-T working under Linux
______________________________________________
@ -137,11 +136,8 @@ Getting the card going
To power up the card, load the following modules in the
following order:
* insmod dvb-core.o
* modprobe bttv.o
* insmod bt878.o
* insmod dvb-bt8xx.o
* insmod sp887x.o
* modprobe bttv (normally loaded automatically)
* modprobe dvb-bt8xx (or place dvb-bt8xx in /etc/modules)
Insertion of these modules into the running kernel will
activate the appropriate DVB device nodes. It is then possible
@ -302,4 +298,4 @@ Further Update
Many thanks to Nigel Pearson for the updates to this document
since the recent revision of the driver.
January 29th 2004
February 14th 2006

148
Documentation/dvb/bt8xx.txt
View File

@ -1,118 +1,78 @@
How to get the Nebula, PCTV, FusionHDTV Lite and Twinhan DST cards working
==========================================================================
How to get the bt8xx cards working
==================================
This class of cards has a bt878a as the PCI interface, and
require the bttv driver.
1) General information
======================
Please pay close attention to the warning about the bttv module
options below for the DST card.
This class of cards has a bt878a as the PCI interface, and require the bttv driver
for accessing the i2c bus and the gpio pins of the bt8xx chipset.
Please see Documentation/dvb/cards.txt => o Cards based on the Conexant Bt8xx PCI bridge:
1) General informations
=======================
These drivers require the bttv driver to provide the means to access
the i2c bus and the gpio pins of the bt8xx chipset.
Because of this, you need to enable
"Device drivers" => "Multimedia devices"
=> "Video For Linux" => "BT848 Video For Linux"
Furthermore you need to enable
"Device drivers" => "Multimedia devices" => "Digital Video Broadcasting Devices"
=> "DVB for Linux" "DVB Core Support" "BT8xx based PCI cards"
Compiling kernel please enable:
a.)"Device drivers" => "Multimedia devices" => "Video For Linux" => "BT848 Video For Linux"
b.)"Device drivers" => "Multimedia devices" => "Digital Video Broadcasting Devices"
=> "DVB for Linux" "DVB Core Support" "Bt8xx based PCI Cards"
2) Loading Modules
==================
In general you need to load the bttv driver, which will handle the gpio and
i2c communication for us, plus the common dvb-bt8xx device driver.
The frontends for Nebula (nxt6000), Pinnacle PCTV (cx24110), TwinHan (dst),
FusionHDTV DVB-T Lite (mt352) and FusionHDTV5 Lite (lgdt330x) are loaded
automatically by the dvb-bt8xx device driver.
In default cases bttv is loaded automatically.
To load the backend either place dvb-bt8xx in etc/modules, or apply manually:
3a) Nebula / Pinnacle PCTV / FusionHDTV Lite
---------------------------------------------
$ modprobe dvb-bt8xx
$ modprobe bttv (normally bttv is being loaded automatically by kmod)
$ modprobe dvb-bt8xx
All frontends will be loaded automatically.
People running udev please see Documentation/dvb/udev.txt.
(or just place dvb-bt8xx in /etc/modules for automatic loading)
In the following cases overriding the PCI type detection for dvb-bt8xx might be necessary:
2a) Running TwinHan and Clones
------------------------------
3b) TwinHan and Clones
$ modprobe bttv card=113
$ modprobe dvb-bt8xx
$ modprobe dst
Useful parameters for verbosity level and debugging the dst module:
verbose=0: messages are disabled
1: only error messages are displayed
2: notifications are displayed
3: other useful messages are displayed
4: debug setting
dst_addons=0: card is a free to air (FTA) card only
0x20: card has a conditional access slot for scrambled channels
The autodetected values are determined by the cards' "response string".
In your logs see f. ex.: dst_get_device_id: Recognize [DSTMCI].
For bug reports please send in a complete log with verbose=4 activated.
Please also see Documentation/dvb/ci.txt.
2b) Running multiple cards
--------------------------
$ modprobe bttv card=0x71
$ modprobe dvb-bt8xx
$ modprobe dst
Examples of card ID's:
The value 0x71 will override the PCI type detection for dvb-bt8xx,
which is necessary for TwinHan cards. Omission of this parameter might result
in a system lockup.
If you're having an older card (blue color PCB) and card=0x71 locks up
your machine, try using 0x68, too. If that does not work, ask on the
mailing list.
The DST module takes a couple of useful parameters.
verbose takes values 0 to 4. These values control the verbosity level,
and can be used to debug also.
verbose=0 means complete disabling of messages
1 only error messages are displayed
2 notifications are also displayed
3 informational messages are also displayed
4 debug setting
dst_addons takes values 0 and 0x20. A value of 0 means it is a FTA card.
0x20 means it has a Conditional Access slot.
The autodetected values are determined by the cards 'response string'
which you can see in your logs e.g.
dst_get_device_id: Recognise [DSTMCI]
If you need to sent in bug reports on the dst, please do send in a complete
log with the verbose=4 module parameter. For general usage, the default setting
of verbose=1 is ideal.
4) Multiple cards
--------------------------
If you happen to be running multiple cards, it would be advisable to load
the bttv module with the card id. This would help to solve any module loading
problems that you might face.
For example, if you have a Twinhan and Clones card along with a FusionHDTV5 Lite
$ modprobe bttv card=0x71 card=0x87
Here the order of the card id is important and should be the same as that of the
physical order of the cards. Here card=0x71 represents the Twinhan and clones
and card=0x87 represents Fusion HDTV5 Lite. These arguments can also be
specified in decimal, rather than hex:
Pinnacle PCTV Sat: 94
Nebula Electronics Digi TV: 104
pcHDTV HD-2000 TV: 112
Twinhan DST and clones: 113
Avermedia AverTV DVB-T 771: 123
Avermedia AverTV DVB-T 761: 124
DViCO FusionHDTV DVB-T Lite: 128
DViCO FusionHDTV 5 Lite: 135
Notice: The order of the card ID should be uprising:
Example:
$ modprobe bttv card=113 card=135
$ modprobe dvb-bt8xx
Some examples of card-id's
For a full list of card ID's please see Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.bttv.
In case of further problems send questions to the mailing list: www.linuxdvb.org.
Pinnacle Sat 0x5e (94)
Nebula Digi TV 0x68 (104)
PC HDTV 0x70 (112)
Twinhan 0x71 (113)
FusionHDTV DVB-T Lite 0x80 (128)
FusionHDTV5 Lite 0x87 (135)
For a full list of card-id's, see the V4L Documentation within the kernel
source: linux/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.bttv
If you have problems with this please do ask on the mailing list.
--
Authors: Richard Walker,
Jamie Honan,
Michael Hunold,
Manu Abraham,
Uwe Bugla,
Michael Krufky

25
Documentation/dvb/get_dvb_firmware
View File

@ -21,8 +21,9 @@
use File::Temp qw/ tempdir /;
use IO::Handle;
@components = ( "sp8870", "sp887x", "tda10045", "tda10046", "av7110", "dec2000t",
"dec2540t", "dec3000s", "vp7041", "dibusb", "nxt2002", "nxt2004",
@components = ( "sp8870", "sp887x", "tda10045", "tda10046",
"tda10046lifeview", "av7110", "dec2000t", "dec2540t",
"dec3000s", "vp7041", "dibusb", "nxt2002", "nxt2004",
"or51211", "or51132_qam", "or51132_vsb", "bluebird");
# Check args
@ -126,6 +127,24 @@ sub tda10046 {
$outfile;
}
sub tda10046lifeview {
my $sourcefile = "Drv_2.11.02.zip";
my $url = "http://www.lifeview.com.tw/drivers/pci_card/FlyDVB-T/$sourcefile";
my $hash = "1ea24dee4eea8fe971686981f34fd2e0";
my $outfile = "dvb-fe-tda10046.fw";
my $tmpdir = tempdir(DIR => "/tmp", CLEANUP => 1);
checkstandard();
wgetfile($sourcefile, $url);
unzip($sourcefile, $tmpdir);
extract("$tmpdir/LVHybrid.sys", 0x8b088, 24602, "$tmpdir/fwtmp");
verify("$tmpdir/fwtmp", $hash);
copy("$tmpdir/fwtmp", $outfile);
$outfile;
}
sub av7110 {
my $sourcefile = "dvb-ttpci-01.fw-261d";
my $url = "http://www.linuxtv.org/downloads/firmware/$sourcefile";
@ -227,7 +246,7 @@ sub vp7041 {
}
sub dibusb {
my $url = "http://www.linuxtv.org/downloads/firmware/dvb-dibusb-5.0.0.11.fw";
my $url = "http://www.linuxtv.org/downloads/firmware/dvb-usb-dibusb-5.0.0.11.fw";
my $outfile = "dvb-dibusb-5.0.0.11.fw";
my $hash = "fa490295a527360ca16dcdf3224ca243";

32
Documentation/dvb/readme.txt
View File

@ -20,11 +20,23 @@ http://linuxtv.org/downloads/
What's inside this directory:
"avermedia.txt"
contains detailed information about the
Avermedia DVB-T cards. See also "bt8xx.txt".
"bt8xx.txt"
contains detailed information about the
various bt8xx based "budget" DVB cards.
"cards.txt"
contains a list of supported hardware.
"ci.txt"
contains detailed information about the
CI module as part from TwinHan cards and Clones.
"contributors.txt"
is the who-is-who of DVB development
is the who-is-who of DVB development.
"faq.txt"
contains frequently asked questions and their answers.
@ -34,19 +46,17 @@ script to download and extract firmware for those devices
that require it.
"ttusb-dec.txt"
contains detailed informations about the
contains detailed information about the
TT DEC2000/DEC3000 USB DVB hardware.
"bt8xx.txt"
contains detailed installation instructions for the
various bt8xx based "budget" DVB cards
(Nebula, Pinnacle PCTV, Twinhan DST)
"README.dibusb"
contains detailed information about adapters
based on DiBcom reference design.
"udev.txt"
how to get DVB and udev up and running.
"README.dvb-usb"
contains detailed information about the DVB USB cards.
"README.flexcop"
contains detailed information about the
Technisat- and Flexcop B2C2 drivers.
Good luck and have fun!

71
Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt
View File

@ -116,9 +116,13 @@ Who: Harald Welte <laforge@netfilter.org>
---------------------------
What: EXPORT_SYMBOL(lookup_hash)
When: January 2006
Why: Too low-level interface. Use lookup_one_len or lookup_create instead.
What: remove EXPORT_SYMBOL(kernel_thread)
When: August 2006
Files: arch/*/kernel/*_ksyms.c
Why: kernel_thread is a low-level implementation detail. Drivers should
use the <linux/kthread.h> API instead which shields them from
implementation details and provides a higherlevel interface that
prevents bugs and code duplication
Who: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
---------------------------
@ -151,10 +155,10 @@ Who: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
---------------------------
What: Legacy /proc/pci interface (PCI_LEGACY_PROC)
When: March 2006
Why: deprecated since 2.5.53 in favor of lspci(8)
Who: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
What: eepro100 network driver
When: January 2007
Why: replaced by the e100 driver
Who: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
---------------------------
@ -165,6 +169,18 @@ Who: Richard Knutsson <ricknu-0@student.ltu.se> and Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@s
---------------------------
What: Usage of invalid timevals in setitimer
When: March 2007
Why: POSIX requires to validate timevals in the setitimer call. This
was never done by Linux. The invalid (e.g. negative timevals) were
silently converted to more or less random timeouts and intervals.
Until the removal a per boot limited number of warnings is printed
and the timevals are sanitized.
Who: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
---------------------------
What: I2C interface of the it87 driver
When: January 2007
Why: The ISA interface is faster and should be always available. The I2C
@ -174,6 +190,17 @@ Who: Jean Delvare <khali@linux-fr.org>
---------------------------
What: remove EXPORT_SYMBOL(tasklist_lock)
When: August 2006
Files: kernel/fork.c
Why: tasklist_lock protects the kernel internal task list. Modules have
no business looking at it, and all instances in drivers have been due
to use of too-lowlevel APIs. Having this symbol exported prevents
moving to more scalable locking schemes for the task list.
Who: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
---------------------------
What: mount/umount uevents
When: February 2007
Why: These events are not correct, and do not properly let userspace know
@ -189,3 +216,33 @@ Why: Board specific code doesn't build anymore since ~2.6.0 and no
users have complained indicating there is no more need for these
boards. This should really be considered a last call.
Who: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
---------------------------
What: USB driver API moves to EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL
When: Febuary 2008
Files: include/linux/usb.h, drivers/usb/core/driver.c
Why: The USB subsystem has changed a lot over time, and it has been
possible to create userspace USB drivers using usbfs/libusb/gadgetfs
that operate as fast as the USB bus allows. Because of this, the USB
subsystem will not be allowing closed source kernel drivers to
register with it, after this grace period is over. If anyone needs
any help in converting their closed source drivers over to use the
userspace filesystems, please contact the
linux-usb-devel@lists.sourceforge.net mailing list, and the developers
there will be glad to help you out.
Who: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
---------------------------
What: find_trylock_page
When: January 2007
Why: The interface no longer has any callers left in the kernel. It
is an odd interface (compared with other find_*_page functions), in
that it does not take a refcount to the page, only the page lock.
It should be replaced with find_get_page or find_lock_page if possible.
This feature removal can be reevaluated if users of the interface
cannot cleanly use something else.
Who: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
---------------------------

54
Documentation/filesystems/00-INDEX
View File

@ -1,27 +1,47 @@
00-INDEX
- this file (info on some of the filesystems supported by linux).
Exporting
- explanation of how to make filesystems exportable.
Locking
- info on locking rules as they pertain to Linux VFS.
adfs.txt
- info and mount options for the Acorn Advanced Disc Filing System.
afs.txt
- info and examples for the distributed AFS (Andrew File System) fs.
affs.txt
- info and mount options for the Amiga Fast File System.
automount-support.txt
- information about filesystem automount support.
befs.txt
- information about the BeOS filesystem for Linux.
bfs.txt
- info for the SCO UnixWare Boot Filesystem (BFS).
cifs.txt
- description of the CIFS filesystem
- description of the CIFS filesystem.
coda.txt
- description of the CODA filesystem.
configfs/
- directory containing configfs documentation and example code.
cramfs.txt
- info on the cram filesystem for small storage (ROMs etc)
- info on the cram filesystem for small storage (ROMs etc).
dentry-locking.txt
- info on the RCU-based dcache locking model.
devfs/
- directory containing devfs documentation.
directory-locking
- info about the locking scheme used for directory operations.
dlmfs.txt
- info on the userspace interface to the OCFS2 DLM.
ext2.txt
- info, mount options and specifications for the Ext2 filesystem.
ext3.txt
- info, mount options and specifications for the Ext3 filesystem.
files.txt
- info on file management in the Linux kernel.
fuse.txt
- info on the Filesystem in User SpacE including mount options.
hfs.txt
- info on the Macintosh HFS Filesystem for Linux.
hpfs.txt
- info and mount options for the OS/2 HPFS.
isofs.txt
@ -32,23 +52,43 @@ ncpfs.txt
- info on Novell Netware(tm) filesystem using NCP protocol.
ntfs.txt
- info and mount options for the NTFS filesystem (Windows NT).
proc.txt
- info on Linux's /proc filesystem.
ocfs2.txt
- info and mount options for the OCFS2 clustered filesystem.
porting
- various information on filesystem porting.
proc.txt
- info on Linux's /proc filesystem.
ramfs-rootfs-initramfs.txt
- info on the 'in memory' filesystems ramfs, rootfs and initramfs.
reiser4.txt
- info on the Reiser4 filesystem based on dancing tree algorithms.
relayfs.txt
- info on relayfs, for efficient streaming from kernel to user space.
romfs.txt
- Description of the ROMFS filesystem.
- description of the ROMFS filesystem.
smbfs.txt
- info on using filesystems with the SMB protocol (Windows 3.11 and NT)
- info on using filesystems with the SMB protocol (Win 3.11 and NT).
spufs.txt
- info and mount options for the SPU filesystem used on Cell.
sysfs-pci.txt
- info on accessing PCI device resources through sysfs.
sysfs.txt
- info on sysfs, a ram-based filesystem for exporting kernel objects.
sysv-fs.txt
- info on the SystemV/V7/Xenix/Coherent filesystem.
tmpfs.txt
- info on tmpfs, a filesystem that holds all files in virtual memory.
udf.txt
- info and mount options for the UDF filesystem.
ufs.txt
- info on the ufs filesystem.
v9fs.txt
- v9fs is a Unix implementation of the Plan 9 9p remote fs protocol.
vfat.txt
- info on using the VFAT filesystem used in Windows NT and Windows 95
vfs.txt
- Overview of the Virtual File System
- overview of the Virtual File System
xfs.txt
- info and mount options for the XFS filesystem.
xip.txt
- info on execute-in-place for file mappings.

21
Documentation/filesystems/v9fs.txt → Documentation/filesystems/9p.txt
View File

@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
V9FS: 9P2000 for Linux
======================
v9fs: Plan 9 Resource Sharing for Linux
=======================================
ABOUT
=====
@ -9,18 +9,19 @@ v9fs is a Unix implementation of the Plan 9 9p remote filesystem protocol.
This software was originally developed by Ron Minnich <rminnich@lanl.gov>
and Maya Gokhale <maya@lanl.gov>. Additional development by Greg Watson
<gwatson@lanl.gov> and most recently Eric Van Hensbergen
<ericvh@gmail.com> and Latchesar Ionkov <lucho@ionkov.net>.
<ericvh@gmail.com>, Latchesar Ionkov <lucho@ionkov.net> and Russ Cox
<rsc@swtch.com>.
USAGE
=====
For remote file server:
mount -t 9P 10.10.1.2 /mnt/9
mount -t 9p 10.10.1.2 /mnt/9
For Plan 9 From User Space applications (http://swtch.com/plan9)
mount -t 9P `namespace`/acme /mnt/9 -o proto=unix,name=$USER
mount -t 9p `namespace`/acme /mnt/9 -o proto=unix,uname=$USER
OPTIONS
=======
@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ OPTIONS
fd - used passed file descriptors for connection
(see rfdno and wfdno)
name=name user name to attempt mount as on the remote server. The
uname=name user name to attempt mount as on the remote server. The
server may override or ignore this value. Certain user
names may require authentication.
@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ OPTIONS
debug=n specifies debug level. The debug level is a bitmask.
0x01 = display verbose error messages
0x02 = developer debug (DEBUG_CURRENT)
0x04 = display 9P trace
0x04 = display 9p trace
0x08 = display VFS trace
0x10 = display Marshalling debug
0x20 = display RPC debug
@ -53,11 +54,11 @@ OPTIONS
wfdno=n the file descriptor for writing with proto=fd
maxdata=n the number of bytes to use for 9P packet payload (msize)
maxdata=n the number of bytes to use for 9p packet payload (msize)
port=n port to connect to on the remote server
noextend force legacy mode (no 9P2000.u semantics)
noextend force legacy mode (no 9p2000.u semantics)
uid attempt to mount as a particular uid
@ -72,7 +73,7 @@ OPTIONS
RESOURCES
=========
The Linux version of the 9P server is now maintained under the npfs project
The Linux version of the 9p server is now maintained under the npfs project
on sourceforge (http://sourceforge.net/projects/npfs).
There are user and developer mailing lists available through the v9fs project

4
Documentation/filesystems/isofs.txt
View File

@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ when using discs encoded using Microsoft's Joliet extensions.
iocharset=name Character set to use for converting from Unicode to
ASCII. Joliet filenames are stored in Unicode format, but
Unix for the most part doesn't know how to deal with Unicode.
There is also an option of doing UTF8 translations with the
There is also an option of doing UTF-8 translations with the
utf8 option.
utf8 Encode Unicode names in UTF8 format. Default is no.
utf8 Encode Unicode names in UTF-8 format. Default is no.
Mount options unique to the isofs filesystem.
block=512 Set the block size for the disk to 512 bytes

2
Documentation/filesystems/jfs.txt
View File

@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ The following mount options are supported:
iocharset=name Character set to use for converting from Unicode to
ASCII. The default is to do no conversion. Use
iocharset=utf8 for UTF8 translations. This requires
iocharset=utf8 for UTF-8 translations. This requires
CONFIG_NLS_UTF8 to be set in the kernel .config file.
iocharset=none specifies the default behavior explicitly.

5
Documentation/filesystems/ntfs.txt
View File

@ -457,6 +457,11 @@ ChangeLog
Note, a technical ChangeLog aimed at kernel hackers is in fs/ntfs/ChangeLog.
2.1.27:
- Implement page migration support so the kernel can move memory used
by NTFS files and directories around for management purposes.
- Add support for writing to sparse files created with Windows XP SP2.
- Many minor improvements and bug fixes.
2.1.26:
- Implement support for sector sizes above 512 bytes (up to the maximum
supported by NTFS which is 4096 bytes).

6
Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt
View File

@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ Table 1-1: Process specific entries in /proc
..............................................................................
File Content
cmdline Command line arguments
cpu Current and last cpu in wich it was executed (2.4)(smp)
cpu Current and last cpu in which it was executed (2.4)(smp)
cwd Link to the current working directory
environ Values of environment variables
exe Link to the executable of this process
@ -309,13 +309,13 @@ is the same by default:
> cat /proc/irq/0/smp_affinity
ffffffff
It's a bitmask, in wich you can specify wich CPUs can handle the IRQ, you can
It's a bitmask, in which you can specify which CPUs can handle the IRQ, you can
set it by doing:
> echo 1 > /proc/irq/prof_cpu_mask
This means that only the first CPU will handle the IRQ, but you can also echo 5
wich means that only the first and fourth CPU can handle the IRQ.
which means that only the first and fourth CPU can handle the IRQ.
The way IRQs are routed is handled by the IO-APIC, and it's Round Robin
between all the CPUs which are allowed to handle it. As usual the kernel has

14
Documentation/filesystems/udf.txt
View File

@ -26,6 +26,20 @@ The following mount options are supported:
nostrict Unset strict conformance
iocharset= Set the NLS character set
The uid= and gid= options need a bit more explaining. They will accept a
decimal numeric value which will be used as the default ID for that mount.
They will also accept the string "ignore" and "forget". For files on the disk
that are owned by nobody ( -1 ), they will instead look as if they are owned
by the default ID. The ignore option causes the default ID to override all
IDs on the disk, not just -1. The forget option causes all IDs to be written
to disk as -1, so when the media is later remounted, they will appear to be
owned by whatever default ID it is mounted with at that time.
For typical desktop use of removable media, you should set the ID to that
of the interactively logged on user, and also specify both the forget and
ignore options. This way the interactive user will always see the files
on the disk as belonging to him.
The remaining are for debugging and disaster recovery:
novrs Skip volume sequence recognition

6
Documentation/filesystems/vfat.txt
View File

@ -28,16 +28,16 @@ iocharset=name -- Character set to use for converting between the
know how to deal with Unicode.
By default, FAT_DEFAULT_IOCHARSET setting is used.
There is also an option of doing UTF8 translations
There is also an option of doing UTF-8 translations
with the utf8 option.
NOTE: "iocharset=utf8" is not recommended. If unsure,
you should consider the following option instead.
utf8=<bool> -- UTF8 is the filesystem safe version of Unicode that
utf8=<bool> -- UTF-8 is the filesystem safe version of Unicode that
is used by the console. It can be be enabled for the
filesystem with this option. If 'uni_xlate' gets set,
UTF8 gets disabled.
UTF-8 gets disabled.
uni_xlate=<bool> -- Translate unhandled Unicode characters to special
escaped sequences. This would let you backup and

207
Documentation/filesystems/vfs.txt
View File

@ -230,10 +230,15 @@ only called from a process context (i.e. not from an interrupt handler
or bottom half).
alloc_inode: this method is called by inode_alloc() to allocate memory
for struct inode and initialize it.
for struct inode and initialize it. If this function is not
defined, a simple 'struct inode' is allocated. Normally
alloc_inode will be used to allocate a larger structure which
contains a 'struct inode' embedded within it.
destroy_inode: this method is called by destroy_inode() to release
resources allocated for struct inode.
resources allocated for struct inode. It is only required if
->alloc_inode was defined and simply undoes anything done by
->alloc_inode.
read_inode: this method is called to read a specific inode from the
mounted filesystem. The i_ino member in the struct inode is
@ -443,14 +448,81 @@ otherwise noted.
The Address Space Object
========================
The address space object is used to identify pages in the page cache.
The address space object is used to group and manage pages in the page
cache. It can be used to keep track of the pages in a file (or
anything else) and also track the mapping of sections of the file into
process address spaces.
There are a number of distinct yet related services that an
address-space can provide. These include communicating memory
pressure, page lookup by address, and keeping track of pages tagged as
Dirty or Writeback.
The first can be used independently to the others. The VM can try to
either write dirty pages in order to clean them, or release clean
pages in order to reuse them. To do this it can call the ->writepage
method on dirty pages, and ->releasepage on clean pages with
PagePrivate set. Clean pages without PagePrivate and with no external
references will be released without notice being given to the
address_space.
To achieve this functionality, pages need to be placed on an LRU with
lru_cache_add and mark_page_active needs to be called whenever the
page is used.
Pages are normally kept in a radix tree index by ->index. This tree
maintains information about the PG_Dirty and PG_Writeback status of
each page, so that pages with either of these flags can be found
quickly.
The Dirty tag is primarily used by mpage_writepages - the default
->writepages method. It uses the tag to find dirty pages to call
->writepage on. If mpage_writepages is not used (i.e. the address
provides its own ->writepages) , the PAGECACHE_TAG_DIRTY tag is
almost unused. write_inode_now and sync_inode do use it (through
__sync_single_inode) to check if ->writepages has been successful in
writing out the whole address_space.
The Writeback tag is used by filemap*wait* and sync_page* functions,
via wait_on_page_writeback_range, to wait for all writeback to
complete. While waiting ->sync_page (if defined) will be called on
each page that is found to require writeback.
An address_space handler may attach extra information to a page,
typically using the 'private' field in the 'struct page'. If such
information is attached, the PG_Private flag should be set. This will
cause various VM routines to make extra calls into the address_space
handler to deal with that data.
An address space acts as an intermediate between storage and
application. Data is read into the address space a whole page at a
time, and provided to the application either by copying of the page,
or by memory-mapping the page.
Data is written into the address space by the application, and then
written-back to storage typically in whole pages, however the
address_space has finer control of write sizes.
The read process essentially only requires 'readpage'. The write
process is more complicated and uses prepare_write/commit_write or
set_page_dirty to write data into the address_space, and writepage,
sync_page, and writepages to writeback data to storage.
Adding and removing pages to/from an address_space is protected by the
inode's i_mutex.
When data is written to a page, the PG_Dirty flag should be set. It
typically remains set until writepage asks for it to be written. This
should clear PG_Dirty and set PG_Writeback. It can be actually
written at any point after PG_Dirty is clear. Once it is known to be
safe, PG_Writeback is cleared.
Writeback makes use of a writeback_control structure...
struct address_space_operations
-------------------------------
This describes how the VFS can manipulate mapping of a file to page cache in
your filesystem. As of kernel 2.6.13, the following members are defined:
your filesystem. As of kernel 2.6.16, the following members are defined:
struct address_space_operations {
int (*writepage)(struct page *page, struct writeback_control *wbc);
@ -469,47 +541,148 @@ struct address_space_operations {
loff_t offset, unsigned long nr_segs);
struct page* (*get_xip_page)(struct address_space *, sector_t,
int);
/* migrate the contents of a page to the specified target */
int (*migratepage) (struct page *, struct page *);
};
writepage: called by the VM write a dirty page to backing store.
writepage: called by the VM to write a dirty page to backing store.
This may happen for data integrity reasons (i.e. 'sync'), or
to free up memory (flush). The difference can be seen in
wbc->sync_mode.
The PG_Dirty flag has been cleared and PageLocked is true.
writepage should start writeout, should set PG_Writeback,
and should make sure the page is unlocked, either synchronously
or asynchronously when the write operation completes.
If wbc->sync_mode is WB_SYNC_NONE, ->writepage doesn't have to
try too hard if there are problems, and may choose to write out
other pages from the mapping if that is easier (e.g. due to
internal dependencies). If it chooses not to start writeout, it
should return AOP_WRITEPAGE_ACTIVATE so that the VM will not keep
calling ->writepage on that page.
See the file "Locking" for more details.
readpage: called by the VM to read a page from backing store.
The page will be Locked when readpage is called, and should be
unlocked and marked uptodate once the read completes.
If ->readpage discovers that it needs to unlock the page for
some reason, it can do so, and then return AOP_TRUNCATED_PAGE.
In this case, the page will be relocated, relocked and if
that all succeeds, ->readpage will be called again.
sync_page: called by the VM to notify the backing store to perform all
queued I/O operations for a page. I/O operations for other pages
associated with this address_space object may also be performed.
This function is optional and is called only for pages with
PG_Writeback set while waiting for the writeback to complete.
writepages: called by the VM to write out pages associated with the
address_space object.
address_space object. If wbc->sync_mode is WBC_SYNC_ALL, then
the writeback_control will specify a range of pages that must be
written out. If it is WBC_SYNC_NONE, then a nr_to_write is given
and that many pages should be written if possible.
If no ->writepages is given, then mpage_writepages is used
instead. This will choose pages from the address space that are
tagged as DIRTY and will pass them to ->writepage.
set_page_dirty: called by the VM to set a page dirty.
This is particularly needed if an address space attaches
private data to a page, and that data needs to be updated when
a page is dirtied. This is called, for example, when a memory
mapped page gets modified.
If defined, it should set the PageDirty flag, and the
PAGECACHE_TAG_DIRTY tag in the radix tree.
readpages: called by the VM to read pages associated with the address_space
object.
object. This is essentially just a vector version of
readpage. Instead of just one page, several pages are
requested.
readpages is only used for read-ahead, so read errors are
ignored. If anything goes wrong, feel free to give up.
prepare_write: called by the generic write path in VM to set up a write
request for a page.
request for a page. This indicates to the address space that
the given range of bytes is about to be written. The
address_space should check that the write will be able to
complete, by allocating space if necessary and doing any other
internal housekeeping. If the write will update parts of
any basic-blocks on storage, then those blocks should be
pre-read (if they haven't been read already) so that the
updated blocks can be written out properly.
The page will be locked. If prepare_write wants to unlock the
page it, like readpage, may do so and return
AOP_TRUNCATED_PAGE.
In this case the prepare_write will be retried one the lock is
regained.
commit_write: called by the generic write path in VM to write page to
its backing store.
commit_write: If prepare_write succeeds, new data will be copied
into the page and then commit_write will be called. It will
typically update the size of the file (if appropriate) and
mark the inode as dirty, and do any other related housekeeping
operations. It should avoid returning an error if possible -
errors should have been handled by prepare_write.
bmap: called by the VFS to map a logical block offset within object to
physical block number. This method is use by for the legacy FIBMAP
ioctl. Other uses are discouraged.
physical block number. This method is used by the FIBMAP
ioctl and for working with swap-files. To be able to swap to
a file, the file must have a stable mapping to a block
device. The swap system does not go through the filesystem
but instead uses bmap to find out where the blocks in the file
are and uses those addresses directly.
invalidatepage: called by the VM on truncate to disassociate a page from its
address_space mapping.
releasepage: called by the VFS to release filesystem specific metadata from
a page.
invalidatepage: If a page has PagePrivate set, then invalidatepage
will be called when part or all of the page is to be removed
from the address space. This generally corresponds to either a
truncation or a complete invalidation of the address space
(in the latter case 'offset' will always be 0).
Any private data associated with the page should be updated
to reflect this truncation. If offset is 0, then
the private data should be released, because the page
must be able to be completely discarded. This may be done by
calling the ->releasepage function, but in this case the
release MUST succeed.
direct_IO: called by the VM for direct I/O writes and reads.
releasepage: releasepage is called on PagePrivate pages to indicate
that the page should be freed if possible. ->releasepage
should remove any private data from the page and clear the
PagePrivate flag. It may also remove the page from the
address_space. If this fails for some reason, it may indicate
failure with a 0 return value.
This is used in two distinct though related cases. The first
is when the VM finds a clean page with no active users and
wants to make it a free page. If ->releasepage succeeds, the
page will be removed from the address_space and become free.
The second case if when a request has been made to invalidate
some or all pages in an address_space. This can happen
through the fadvice(POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED) system call or by the
filesystem explicitly requesting it as nfs and 9fs do (when
they believe the cache may be out of date with storage) by
calling invalidate_inode_pages2().
If the filesystem makes such a call, and needs to be certain
that all pages are invalidated, then its releasepage will
need to ensure this. Possibly it can clear the PageUptodate
bit if it cannot free private data yet.
direct_IO: called by the generic read/write routines to perform
direct_IO - that is IO requests which bypass the page cache
and transfer data directly between the storage and the
application's address space.
get_xip_page: called by the VM to translate a block number to a page.
The page is valid until the corresponding filesystem is unmounted.
Filesystems that want to use execute-in-place (XIP) need to implement
it. An example implementation can be found in fs/ext2/xip.c.
migrate_page: This is used to compact the physical memory usage.
If the VM wants to relocate a page (maybe off a memory card
that is signalling imminent failure) it will pass a new page
and an old page to this function. migrate_page should
transfer any private data across and update any references
that it has to the page.
The File Object
===============

3
Documentation/firmware_class/firmware_sample_driver.c
View File

@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ char __init inkernel_firmware[] = "let's say that this is firmware\n";
#endif
static struct device ghost_device = {
.name = "Ghost Device",
.bus_id = "ghost0",
};
@ -92,7 +91,7 @@ static void sample_probe_async(void)
{
/* Let's say that I can't sleep */
int error;
error = request_firmware_nowait (THIS_MODULE,
error = request_firmware_nowait (THIS_MODULE, FW_ACTION_NOHOTPLUG,
"sample_driver_fw", &ghost_device,
"my device pointer",
sample_probe_async_cont);

1
Documentation/firmware_class/firmware_sample_firmware_class.c
View File

@ -172,7 +172,6 @@ static void fw_remove_class_device(struct class_device *class_dev)
static struct class_device *class_dev;
static struct device my_device = {
.name = "Sample Device",
.bus_id = "my_dev0",
};

4
Documentation/hwmon/w83627hf
View File

@ -18,6 +18,10 @@ Supported chips:
Prefix: 'w83637hf'
Addresses scanned: ISA address retrieved from Super I/O registers
Datasheet: http://www.winbond.com/PDF/sheet/w83637hf.pdf
* Winbond W83687THF
Prefix: 'w83687thf'
Addresses scanned: ISA address retrieved from Super I/O registers
Datasheet: Provided by Winbond on request
Authors:
Frodo Looijaard <frodol@dds.nl>,

24
Documentation/hwmon/w83781d
View File

@ -36,6 +36,11 @@ Module parameters
Use 'init=0' to bypass initializing the chip.
Try this if your computer crashes when you load the module.
* reset int
(default 0)
The driver used to reset the chip on load, but does no more. Use
'reset=1' to restore the old behavior. Report if you need to do this.
force_subclients=bus,caddr,saddr,saddr
This is used to force the i2c addresses for subclients of
a certain chip. Typical usage is `force_subclients=0,0x2d,0x4a,0x4b'
@ -123,6 +128,25 @@ When an alarm goes off, you can be warned by a beeping signal through
your computer speaker. It is possible to enable all beeping globally,
or only the beeping for some alarms.
Individual alarm and beep bits:
0x000001: in0
0x000002: in1
0x000004: in2
0x000008: in3
0x000010: temp1
0x000020: temp2 (+temp3 on W83781D)
0x000040: fan1
0x000080: fan2
0x000100: in4
0x000200: in5
0x000400: in6
0x000800: fan3
0x001000: chassis
0x002000: temp3 (W83782D and W83627HF only)
0x010000: in7 (W83782D and W83627HF only)
0x020000: in8 (W83782D and W83627HF only)
If an alarm triggers, it will remain triggered until the hardware register
is read at least once. This means that the cause for the alarm may
already have disappeared! Note that in the current implementation, all

2
Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-piix4
View File

@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Supported adapters:
* Intel 82371AB PIIX4 and PIIX4E
* Intel 82443MX (440MX)
Datasheet: Publicly available at the Intel website
* ServerWorks OSB4, CSB5 and CSB6 southbridges
* ServerWorks OSB4, CSB5, CSB6 and HT-1000 southbridges
Datasheet: Only available via NDA from ServerWorks
* Standard Microsystems (SMSC) SLC90E66 (Victory66) southbridge
Datasheet: Publicly available at the SMSC website http://www.smsc.com

5
Documentation/i2c/busses/scx200_acb
View File

@ -6,9 +6,10 @@ Module Parameters
-----------------
* base: int
Base addresses for the ACCESS.bus controllers
Base addresses for the ACCESS.bus controllers on SCx200 and SC1100 devices
Description
-----------
Enable the use of the ACCESS.bus controllers of a SCx200 processor.
Enable the use of the ACCESS.bus controller on the Geode SCx200 and
SC1100 processors and the CS5535 and CS5536 Geode companion devices.

2
Documentation/ioctl-number.txt
View File

@ -78,8 +78,6 @@ Code Seq# Include File Comments
'#' 00-3F IEEE 1394 Subsystem Block for the entire subsystem
'1' 00-1F <linux/timepps.h> PPS kit from Ulrich Windl
<ftp://ftp.de.kernel.org/pub/linux/daemons/ntp/PPS/>
'6' 00-10 <asm-i386/processor.h> Intel IA32 microcode update driver
<mailto:tigran@veritas.com>
'8' all SNP8023 advanced NIC card
<mailto:mcr@solidum.com>
'A' 00-1F linux/apm_bios.h

172
Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.txt
View File

@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ This document describes the Linux kernel Makefiles.
--- 3.8 Command line dependency
--- 3.9 Dependency tracking
--- 3.10 Special Rules
--- 3.11 $(CC) support functions
=== 4 Host Program support
--- 4.1 Simple Host Program
@ -38,7 +39,6 @@ This document describes the Linux kernel Makefiles.
--- 6.6 Commands useful for building a boot image
--- 6.7 Custom kbuild commands
--- 6.8 Preprocessing linker scripts
--- 6.9 $(CC) support functions
=== 7 Kbuild Variables
=== 8 Makefile language
@ -106,9 +106,9 @@ This document is aimed towards normal developers and arch developers.
Most Makefiles within the kernel are kbuild Makefiles that use the
kbuild infrastructure. This chapter introduce the syntax used in the
kbuild makefiles.
The preferred name for the kbuild files is 'Kbuild' but 'Makefile' will
continue to be supported. All new developmen is expected to use the
Kbuild filename.
The preferred name for the kbuild files are 'Makefile' but 'Kbuild' can
be used and if both a 'Makefile' and a 'Kbuild' file exists then the 'Kbuild'
file will be used.
Section 3.1 "Goal definitions" is a quick intro, further chapters provide
more details, with real examples.
@ -385,6 +385,102 @@ more details, with real examples.
to prerequisites are referenced with $(src) (because they are not
generated files).
--- 3.11 $(CC) support functions
The kernel may be build with several different versions of
$(CC), each supporting a unique set of features and options.
kbuild provide basic support to check for valid options for $(CC).
$(CC) is useally the gcc compiler, but other alternatives are
available.
as-option
as-option is used to check if $(CC) when used to compile
assembler (*.S) files supports the given option. An optional
second option may be specified if first option are not supported.
Example:
#arch/sh/Makefile
cflags-y += $(call as-option,-Wa$(comma)-isa=$(isa-y),)
In the above example cflags-y will be assinged the the option
-Wa$(comma)-isa=$(isa-y) if it is supported by $(CC).
The second argument is optional, and if supplied will be used
if first argument is not supported.
cc-option
cc-option is used to check if $(CC) support a given option, and not
supported to use an optional second option.
Example:
#arch/i386/Makefile
cflags-y += $(call cc-option,-march=pentium-mmx,-march=i586)
In the above example cflags-y will be assigned the option
-march=pentium-mmx if supported by $(CC), otherwise -march-i586.
The second argument to cc-option is optional, and if omitted
cflags-y will be assigned no value if first option is not supported.
cc-option-yn
cc-option-yn is used to check if gcc supports a given option
and return 'y' if supported, otherwise 'n'.
Example:
#arch/ppc/Makefile
biarch := $(call cc-option-yn, -m32)
aflags-$(biarch) += -a32
cflags-$(biarch) += -m32
In the above example $(biarch) is set to y if $(CC) supports the -m32
option. When $(biarch) equals to y the expanded variables $(aflags-y)
and $(cflags-y) will be assigned the values -a32 and -m32.
cc-option-align
gcc version >= 3.0 shifted type of options used to speify
alignment of functions, loops etc. $(cc-option-align) whrn used
as prefix to the align options will select the right prefix:
gcc < 3.00
cc-option-align = -malign
gcc >= 3.00
cc-option-align = -falign
Example:
CFLAGS += $(cc-option-align)-functions=4
In the above example the option -falign-functions=4 is used for
gcc >= 3.00. For gcc < 3.00 -malign-functions=4 is used.
cc-version
cc-version return a numerical version of the $(CC) compiler version.
The format is <major><minor> where both are two digits. So for example
gcc 3.41 would return 0341.
cc-version is useful when a specific $(CC) version is faulty in one
area, for example the -mregparm=3 were broken in some gcc version
even though the option was accepted by gcc.
Example:
#arch/i386/Makefile
cflags-y += $(shell \
if [ $(call cc-version) -ge 0300 ] ; then \
echo "-mregparm=3"; fi ;)
In the above example -mregparm=3 is only used for gcc version greater
than or equal to gcc 3.0.
cc-ifversion
cc-ifversion test the version of $(CC) and equals last argument if
version expression is true.
Example:
#fs/reiserfs/Makefile
EXTRA_CFLAGS := $(call cc-ifversion, -lt, 0402, -O1)
In this example EXTRA_CFLAGS will be assigned the value -O1 if the
$(CC) version is less than 4.2.
cc-ifversion takes all the shell operators:
-eq, -ne, -lt, -le, -gt, and -ge
The third parameter may be a text as in this example, but it may also
be an expanded variable or a macro.
=== 4 Host Program support
@ -973,74 +1069,6 @@ When kbuild executes the following steps are followed (roughly):
architecture specific files.
--- 6.9 $(CC) support functions
The kernel may be build with several different versions of
$(CC), each supporting a unique set of features and options.
kbuild provide basic support to check for valid options for $(CC).
$(CC) is useally the gcc compiler, but other alternatives are
available.
cc-option
cc-option is used to check if $(CC) support a given option, and not
supported to use an optional second option.
Example:
#arch/i386/Makefile
cflags-y += $(call cc-option,-march=pentium-mmx,-march=i586)
In the above example cflags-y will be assigned the option
-march=pentium-mmx if supported by $(CC), otherwise -march-i586.
The second argument to cc-option is optional, and if omitted
cflags-y will be assigned no value if first option is not supported.
cc-option-yn
cc-option-yn is used to check if gcc supports a given option
and return 'y' if supported, otherwise 'n'.
Example:
#arch/ppc/Makefile
biarch := $(call cc-option-yn, -m32)
aflags-$(biarch) += -a32
cflags-$(biarch) += -m32
In the above example $(biarch) is set to y if $(CC) supports the -m32
option. When $(biarch) equals to y the expanded variables $(aflags-y)
and $(cflags-y) will be assigned the values -a32 and -m32.
cc-option-align
gcc version >= 3.0 shifted type of options used to speify
alignment of functions, loops etc. $(cc-option-align) whrn used
as prefix to the align options will select the right prefix:
gcc < 3.00
cc-option-align = -malign
gcc >= 3.00
cc-option-align = -falign
Example:
CFLAGS += $(cc-option-align)-functions=4
In the above example the option -falign-functions=4 is used for
gcc >= 3.00. For gcc < 3.00 -malign-functions=4 is used.
cc-version
cc-version return a numerical version of the $(CC) compiler version.
The format is <major><minor> where both are two digits. So for example
gcc 3.41 would return 0341.
cc-version is useful when a specific $(CC) version is faulty in one
area, for example the -mregparm=3 were broken in some gcc version
even though the option was accepted by gcc.
Example:
#arch/i386/Makefile
cflags-y += $(shell \
if [ $(call cc-version) -ge 0300 ] ; then \
echo "-mregparm=3"; fi ;)
In the above example -mregparm=3 is only used for gcc version greater
than or equal to gcc 3.0.
=== 7 Kbuild Variables
The top Makefile exports the following variables:

98
Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt
View File

@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ In this document you will find information about:
--- 2.2 Available targets
--- 2.3 Available options
--- 2.4 Preparing the kernel tree for module build
--- 2.5 Building separate files for a module
=== 3. Example commands
=== 4. Creating a kbuild file for an external module
=== 5. Include files
@ -22,7 +23,10 @@ In this document you will find information about:
=== 6. Module installation
--- 6.1 INSTALL_MOD_PATH
--- 6.2 INSTALL_MOD_DIR
=== 7. Module versioning
=== 7. Module versioning & Module.symvers
--- 7.1 Symbols fron the kernel (vmlinux + modules)
--- 7.2 Symbols and external modules
--- 7.3 Symbols from another external module
=== 8. Tips & Tricks
--- 8.1 Testing for CONFIG_FOO_BAR
@ -88,7 +92,8 @@ when building an external module.
make -C $KDIR M=$PWD modules_install
Install the external module(s).
Installation default is in /lib/modules/<kernel-version>/extra,
but may be prefixed with INSTALL_MOD_PATH - see separate chapter.
but may be prefixed with INSTALL_MOD_PATH - see separate
chapter.
make -C $KDIR M=$PWD clean
Remove all generated files for the module - the kernel
@ -131,6 +136,16 @@ when building an external module.
Therefore a full kernel build needs to be executed to make
module versioning work.
--- 2.5 Building separate files for a module
It is possible to build single files which is part of a module.
This works equal for the kernel, a module and even for external
modules.
Examples (module foo.ko, consist of bar.o, baz.o):
make -C $KDIR M=`pwd` bar.lst
make -C $KDIR M=`pwd` bar.o
make -C $KDIR M=`pwd` foo.ko
make -C $KDIR M=`pwd` /
=== 3. Example commands
@ -422,7 +437,7 @@ External modules are installed in the directory:
=> Install dir: /lib/modules/$(KERNELRELEASE)/gandalf
=== 7. Module versioning
=== 7. Module versioning & Module.symvers
Module versioning is enabled by the CONFIG_MODVERSIONS tag.
@ -432,10 +447,79 @@ when a module is loaded/used then the CRC values contained in the kernel are
compared with similar values in the module. If they are not equal then the
kernel refuses to load the module.
During a kernel build a file named Module.symvers will be generated. This
file includes the symbol version of all symbols within the kernel. If the
Module.symvers file is saved from the last full kernel compile one does not
have to do a full kernel compile to build a module version's compatible module.
Module.symvers contains a list of all exported symbols from a kernel build.
--- 7.1 Symbols fron the kernel (vmlinux + modules)
During a kernel build a file named Module.symvers will be generated.
Module.symvers contains all exported symbols from the kernel and
compiled modules. For each symbols the corresponding CRC value
is stored too.
The syntax of the Module.symvers file is:
<CRC> <Symbol> <module>
Sample:
0x2d036834 scsi_remove_host drivers/scsi/scsi_mod
For a kernel build without CONFIG_MODVERSIONING enabled the crc
would read: 0x00000000
Module.symvers serve two purposes.
1) It list all exported symbols both from vmlinux and all modules
2) It list CRC if CONFIG_MODVERSION is enabled
--- 7.2 Symbols and external modules
When building an external module the build system needs access to
the symbols from the kernel to check if all external symbols are
defined. This is done in the MODPOST step and to obtain all
symbols modpost reads Module.symvers from the kernel.
If a Module.symvers file is present in the directory where
the external module is being build this file will be read too.
During the MODPOST step a new Module.symvers file will be written
containing all exported symbols that was not defined in the kernel.
--- 7.3 Symbols from another external module
Sometimes one external module uses exported symbols from another
external module. Kbuild needs to have full knowledge on all symbols
to avoid spitting out warnings about undefined symbols.
Two solutions exist to let kbuild know all symbols of more than
one external module.
The method with a top-level kbuild file is recommended but may be
impractical in certain situations.
Use a top-level Kbuild file
If you have two modules: 'foo', 'bar' and 'foo' needs symbols
from 'bar' then one can use a common top-level kbuild file so
both modules are compiled in same build.
Consider following directory layout:
./foo/ <= contains the foo module
./bar/ <= contains the bar module
The top-level Kbuild file would then look like:
#./Kbuild: (this file may also be named Makefile)
obj-y := foo/ bar/
Executing:
make -C $KDIR M=`pwd`
will then do the expected and compile both modules with full
knowledge on symbols from both modules.
Use an extra Module.symvers file
When an external module is build a Module.symvers file is
generated containing all exported symbols which are not
defined in the kernel.
To get access to symbols from module 'bar' one can copy the
Module.symvers file from the compilation of the 'bar' module
to the directory where the 'foo' module is build.
During the module build kbuild will read the Module.symvers
file in the directory of the external module and when the
build is finished a new Module.symvers file is created
containing the sum of all symbols defined and not part of the
kernel.
=== 8. Tips & Tricks

28
Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt
View File

@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ restrictions referred to are that the relevant option is valid if:
MCA MCA bus support is enabled.
MDA MDA console support is enabled.
MOUSE Appropriate mouse support is enabled.
MSI Message Signaled Interrupts (PCI).
MTD MTD support is enabled.
NET Appropriate network support is enabled.
NUMA NUMA support is enabled.
@ -366,12 +367,17 @@ running once the system is up.
tty<n> Use the virtual console device <n>.
ttyS<n>[,options]
ttyUSB0[,options]
Use the specified serial port. The options are of
the form "bbbbpn", where "bbbb" is the baud rate,
"p" is parity ("n", "o", or "e"), and "n" is bits.
Default is "9600n8".
the form "bbbbpnf", where "bbbb" is the baud rate,
"p" is parity ("n", "o", or "e"), "n" is number of
bits, and "f" is flow control ("r" for RTS or
omit it). Default is "9600n8".
See also Documentation/serial-console.txt.
See Documentation/serial-console.txt for more
information. See
Documentation/networking/netconsole.txt for an
alternative.
uart,io,<addr>[,options]
uart,mmio,<addr>[,options]
@ -1008,7 +1014,9 @@ running once the system is up.
noexec=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
noexec=off: disable nn-executable mappings
nofxsr [BUGS=IA-32]
nofxsr [BUGS=IA-32] Disables x86 floating point extended
register save and restore. The kernel will only save
legacy floating-point registers on task switch.
nohlt [BUGS=ARM]
@ -1053,6 +1061,8 @@ running once the system is up.
nosbagart [IA-64]
nosep [BUGS=IA-32] Disables x86 SYSENTER/SYSEXIT support.
nosmp [SMP] Tells an SMP kernel to act as a UP kernel.
nosync [HW,M68K] Disables sync negotiation for all devices.
@ -1122,6 +1132,11 @@ running once the system is up.
pas16= [HW,SCSI]
See header of drivers/scsi/pas16.c.
pause_on_oops=
Halt all CPUs after the first oops has been printed for
the specified number of seconds. This is to be used if
your oopses keep scrolling off the screen.
pcbit= [HW,ISDN]
pcd. [PARIDE]
@ -1143,6 +1158,9 @@ running once the system is up.
Mechanism 2.
nommconf [IA-32,X86_64] Disable use of MMCONFIG for PCI
Configuration
nomsi [MSI] If the PCI_MSI kernel config parameter is
enabled, this kernel boot option can be used to
disable the use of MSI interrupts system-wide.
nosort [IA-32] Don't sort PCI devices according to
order given by the PCI BIOS. This sorting is
done to get a device order compatible with

71
Documentation/leds-class.txt Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
LED handling under Linux
========================
If you're reading this and thinking about keyboard leds, these are
handled by the input subsystem and the led class is *not* needed.
In its simplest form, the LED class just allows control of LEDs from
userspace. LEDs appear in /sys/class/leds/. The brightness file will
set the brightness of the LED (taking a value 0-255). Most LEDs don't
have hardware brightness support so will just be turned on for non-zero
brightness settings.
The class also introduces the optional concept of an LED trigger. A trigger
is a kernel based source of led events. Triggers can either be simple or
complex. A simple trigger isn't configurable and is designed to slot into
existing subsystems with minimal additional code. Examples are the ide-disk,
nand-disk and sharpsl-charge triggers. With led triggers disabled, the code
optimises away.
Complex triggers whilst available to all LEDs have LED specific
parameters and work on a per LED basis. The timer trigger is an example.
You can change triggers in a similar manner to the way an IO scheduler
is chosen (via /sys/class/leds/<device>/trigger). Trigger specific
parameters can appear in /sys/class/leds/<device> once a given trigger is
selected.
Design Philosophy
=================
The underlying design philosophy is simplicity. LEDs are simple devices
and the aim is to keep a small amount of code giving as much functionality
as possible. Please keep this in mind when suggesting enhancements.
LED Device Naming
=================
Is currently of the form:
"devicename:colour"
There have been calls for LED properties such as colour to be exported as
individual led class attributes. As a solution which doesn't incur as much
overhead, I suggest these become part of the device name. The naming scheme
above leaves scope for further attributes should they be needed.
Known Issues
============
The LED Trigger core cannot be a module as the simple trigger functions
would cause nightmare dependency issues. I see this as a minor issue
compared to the benefits the simple trigger functionality brings. The
rest of the LED subsystem can be modular.
Some leds can be programmed to flash in hardware. As this isn't a generic
LED device property, this should be exported as a device specific sysfs
attribute rather than part of the class if this functionality is required.
Future Development
==================
At the moment, a trigger can't be created specifically for a single LED.
There are a number of cases where a trigger might only be mappable to a
particular LED (ACPI?). The addition of triggers provided by the LED driver
should cover this option and be possible to add without breaking the
current interface.

2
Documentation/m68k/README.buddha
View File

@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ address is written to $4a, then the whole Byte is written to
$48, while it doesn't matter how often you're writing to $4a
as long as $48 is not touched. After $48 has been written,
the whole card disappears from $e8 and is mapped to the new
address just written. Make shure $4a is written before $48,
address just written. Make sure $4a is written before $48,
otherwise your chance is only 1:16 to find the board :-).
The local memory-map is even active when mapped to $e8:

1913
Documentation/memory-barriers.txt Normal file
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File diff suppressed because it is too large Load Diff

2
Documentation/networking/00-INDEX
View File

@ -92,8 +92,6 @@ routing.txt
- the new routing mechanism
shaper.txt
- info on the module that can shape/limit transmitted traffic.
sis900.txt
- SiS 900/7016 Fast Ethernet device driver info.
sk98lin.txt
- Marvell Yukon Chipset / SysKonnect SK-98xx compliant Gigabit
Ethernet Adapter family driver info

12
Documentation/networking/README.ipw2100
View File

@ -3,18 +3,18 @@ Intel(R) PRO/Wireless 2100 Driver for Linux in support of:
Intel(R) PRO/Wireless 2100 Network Connection
Copyright (C) 2003-2005, Intel Corporation
Copyright (C) 2003-2006, Intel Corporation
README.ipw2100
Version: 1.1.3
Date : October 17, 2005
Version: git-1.1.5
Date : January 25, 2006
Index
-----------------------------------------------
0. IMPORTANT INFORMATION BEFORE USING THIS DRIVER
1. Introduction
2. Release 1.1.3 Current Features
2. Release git-1.1.5 Current Features
3. Command Line Parameters
4. Sysfs Helper Files
5. Radio Kill Switch
@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ potential fixes and patches, as well as links to the development mailing list
for the driver project.
2. Release 1.1.3 Current Supported Features
2. Release git-1.1.5 Current Supported Features
-----------------------------------------------
- Managed (BSS) and Ad-Hoc (IBSS)
- WEP (shared key and open)
@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ For installation support on the ipw2100 1.1.0 driver on Linux kernels
9. License
-----------------------------------------------
Copyright(c) 2003 - 2005 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
Copyright(c) 2003 - 2006 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the terms of the GNU General Public License (version 2) as

44
Documentation/networking/README.ipw2200
View File

@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ both hardware adapters listed above. In this document the Intel(R)
PRO/Wireless 2915ABG Driver for Linux will be used to reference the
unified driver.
Copyright (C) 2004-2005, Intel Corporation
Copyright (C) 2004-2006, Intel Corporation
README.ipw2200
@ -26,9 +26,11 @@ Index
1.2. Module parameters
1.3. Wireless Extension Private Methods
1.4. Sysfs Helper Files
1.5. Supported channels
2. Ad-Hoc Networking
3. Interacting with Wireless Tools
3.1. iwconfig mode
3.2. iwconfig sens
4. About the Version Numbers
5. Firmware installation
6. Support
@ -314,6 +316,35 @@ For the device level files, see /sys/bus/pci/drivers/ipw2200:
running ifconfig and is therefore disabled by default.
1.5. Supported channels
-----------------------------------------------
Upon loading the Intel(R) PRO/Wireless 2915ABG Driver for Linux, a
message stating the detected geography code and the number of 802.11
channels supported by the card will be displayed in the log.
The geography code corresponds to a regulatory domain as shown in the
table below.
Supported channels
Code Geography 802.11bg 802.11a
--- Restricted 11 0
ZZF Custom US/Canada 11 8
ZZD Rest of World 13 0
ZZA Custom USA & Europe & High 11 13
ZZB Custom NA & Europe 11 13
ZZC Custom Japan 11 4
ZZM Custom 11 0
ZZE Europe 13 19
ZZJ Custom Japan 14 4
ZZR Rest of World 14 0
ZZH High Band 13 4
ZZG Custom Europe 13 4
ZZK Europe 13 24
ZZL Europe 11 13
2. Ad-Hoc Networking
-----------------------------------------------
@ -353,6 +384,15 @@ When configuring the mode of the adapter, all run-time configured parameters
are reset to the value used when the module was loaded. This includes
channels, rates, ESSID, etc.
3.2 iwconfig sens
-----------------------------------------------
The 'iwconfig ethX sens XX' command will not set the signal sensitivity
threshold, as described in iwconfig documentation, but rather the number
of consecutive missed beacons that will trigger handover, i.e. roaming
to another access point. At the same time, it will set the disassociation
threshold to 3 times the given value.
4. About the Version Numbers
-----------------------------------------------
@ -408,7 +448,7 @@ For general information and support, go to:
7. License
-----------------------------------------------
Copyright(c) 2003 - 2005 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
Copyright(c) 2003 - 2006 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as

18
Documentation/networking/TODO
View File

@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
To-do items for network drivers
-------------------------------
* Move ethernet crc routine to generic code
* (for 2.5) Integrate Jamal Hadi Salim's netdev Rx polling API change
* Audit all net drivers to make sure magic packet / wake-on-lan /
similar features are disabled in the driver by default.
* Audit all net drivers to make sure the module always prints out a
version string when loaded as a module, but only prints a version
string when built into the kernel if a device is detected.
* Add ETHTOOL_GDRVINFO ioctl support to all ethernet drivers.
* dmfe PCI DMA is totally wrong and only works on x86

36
Documentation/networking/bcm43xx.txt Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
BCM43xx Linux Driver Project
============================
About this software
-------------------
The goal of this project is to develop a linux driver for Broadcom
BCM43xx chips, based on the specification at
http://bcm-specs.sipsolutions.net/
The project page is http://bcm43xx.berlios.de/
Requirements
------------
1) Linux Kernel 2.6.16 or later
http://www.kernel.org/
You may want to configure your kernel with:
CONFIG_DEBUG_FS (optional):
-> Kernel hacking
-> Debug Filesystem
2) SoftMAC IEEE 802.11 Networking Stack extension and patched ieee80211
modules:
http://softmac.sipsolutions.net/
3) Firmware Files
Please try fwcutter. Fwcutter can extract the firmware from various
binary driver files. It supports driver files from Windows, MacOS and
Linux. You can get fwcutter from http://bcm43xx.berlios.de/.
Also, fwcutter comes with a README file for further instructions.

102
Documentation/networking/e100.txt
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@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
Linux* Base Driver for the Intel(R) PRO/100 Family of Adapters
==============================================================
November 17, 2004
November 15, 2005
Contents
========
- In This Release
- Identifying Your Adapter
- Building and Installation
- Driver Configuration Parameters
- Additional Configurations
- Known Issues
- Support
@ -18,7 +19,19 @@ In This Release
===============
This file describes the Linux* Base Driver for the Intel(R) PRO/100 Family of
Adapters, version 3.3.x. This driver supports 2.4.x and 2.6.x kernels.
Adapters. This driver includes support for Itanium(R)2-based systems.
For questions related to hardware requirements, refer to the documentation
supplied with your Intel PRO/100 adapter.
The following features are now available in supported kernels:
- Native VLANs
- Channel Bonding (teaming)
- SNMP
Channel Bonding documentation can be found in the Linux kernel source:
/Documentation/networking/bonding.txt
Identifying Your Adapter
========================
@ -43,18 +56,18 @@ unless otherwise noted.
Rx Descriptors: Number of receive descriptors. A receive descriptor is a data
structure that describes a receive buffer and its attributes to the network
controller. The data in the descriptor is used by the controller to write
data from the controller to host memory. In the 3.0.x driver the valid
range for this parameter is 64-256. The default value is 64. This parameter
can be changed using the command
data from the controller to host memory. In the 3.x.x driver the valid range
for this parameter is 64-256. The default value is 64. This parameter can be
changed using the command:
ethtool -G eth? rx n, where n is the number of desired rx descriptors.
Tx Descriptors: Number of transmit descriptors. A transmit descriptor is a
data structure that describes a transmit buffer and its attributes to the
network controller. The data in the descriptor is used by the controller to
read data from the host memory to the controller. In the 3.0.x driver the
valid range for this parameter is 64-256. The default value is 64. This
parameter can be changed using the command
Tx Descriptors: Number of transmit descriptors. A transmit descriptor is a data
structure that describes a transmit buffer and its attributes to the network
controller. The data in the descriptor is used by the controller to read
data from the host memory to the controller. In the 3.x.x driver the valid
range for this parameter is 64-256. The default value is 64. This parameter
can be changed using the command:
ethtool -G eth? tx n, where n is the number of desired tx descriptors.
@ -68,10 +81,11 @@ Speed/Duplex: The driver auto-negotiates the link speed and duplex settings by
Event Log Message Level: The driver uses the message level flag to log events
to syslog. The message level can be set at driver load time. It can also be
set using the command
set using the command:
ethtool -s eth? msglvl n
Additional Configurations
=========================
@ -80,16 +94,16 @@ Additional Configurations
Configuring a network driver to load properly when the system is started is
distribution dependent. Typically, the configuration process involves adding
an alias line to /etc/modules.conf as well as editing other system startup
scripts and/or configuration files. Many popular Linux distributions ship
with tools to make these changes for you. To learn the proper way to
configure a network device for your system, refer to your distribution
documentation. If during this process you are asked for the driver or module
name, the name for the Linux Base Driver for the Intel PRO/100 Family of
Adapters is e100.
an alias line to /etc/modules.conf or /etc/modprobe.conf as well as editing
other system startup scripts and/or configuration files. Many popular Linux
distributions ship with tools to make these changes for you. To learn the
proper way to configure a network device for your system, refer to your
distribution documentation. If during this process you are asked for the
driver or module name, the name for the Linux Base Driver for the Intel
PRO/100 Family of Adapters is e100.
As an example, if you install the e100 driver for two PRO/100 adapters
(eth0 and eth1), add the following to modules.conf:
(eth0 and eth1), add the following to modules.conf or modprobe.conf:
alias eth0 e100
alias eth1 e100
@ -107,6 +121,7 @@ Additional Configurations
NOTE: This setting is not saved across reboots.
Ethtool
-------
@ -114,29 +129,27 @@ Additional Configurations
diagnostics, as well as displaying statistical information. Ethtool
version 1.6 or later is required for this functionality.
The latest release of ethtool can be found at:
http://sf.net/projects/gkernel.
NOTE: This driver uses mii support from the kernel. As a result, when
there is no link, ethtool will report speed/duplex to be 10/half.
The latest release of ethtool can be found from
http://sourceforge.net/projects/gkernel.
NOTE: Ethtool 1.6 only supports a limited set of ethtool options. Support
for a more complete ethtool feature set can be enabled by upgrading
ethtool to ethtool-1.8.1.
Enabling Wake on LAN* (WoL)
---------------------------
WoL is provided through the Ethtool* utility. Ethtool is included with Red
Hat* 8.0. For other Linux distributions, download and install Ethtool from
the following website: http://sourceforge.net/projects/gkernel.
For instructions on enabling WoL with Ethtool, refer to the Ethtool man
page.
For instructions on enabling WoL with Ethtool, refer to the Ethtool man page.
WoL will be enabled on the system during the next shut down or reboot. For
this driver version, in order to enable WoL, the e100 driver must be
loaded when shutting down or rebooting the system.
NAPI
----
@ -144,6 +157,25 @@ Additional Configurations
See www.cyberus.ca/~hadi/usenix-paper.tgz for more information on NAPI.
Multiple Interfaces on Same Ethernet Broadcast Network
------------------------------------------------------
Due to the default ARP behavior on Linux, it is not possible to have
one system on two IP networks in the same Ethernet broadcast domain
(non-partitioned switch) behave as expected. All Ethernet interfaces
will respond to IP traffic for any IP address assigned to the system.
This results in unbalanced receive traffic.
If you have multiple interfaces in a server, either turn on ARP
filtering by
(1) entering: echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_filter
(this only works if your kernel's version is higher than 2.4.5), or
(2) installing the interfaces in separate broadcast domains (either
in different switches or in a switch partitioned to VLANs).
Support
=======
@ -151,9 +183,13 @@ For general information, go to the Intel support website at:
http://support.intel.com
or the Intel Wired Networking project hosted by Sourceforge at:
http://sourceforge.net/projects/e1000
If an issue is identified with the released source code on the supported
kernel with a supported adapter, email the specific information related to
the issue to linux.nics@intel.com.
kernel with a supported adapter, email the specific information related to the
issue to e1000-devel@lists.sourceforge.net.
License
@ -162,9 +198,9 @@ License
This software program is released under the terms of a license agreement
between you ('Licensee') and Intel. Do not use or load this software or any
associated materials (collectively, the 'Software') until you have carefully
read the full terms and conditions of the LICENSE located in this software
read the full terms and conditions of the file COPYING located in this software
package. By loading or using the Software, you agree to the terms of this
Agreement. If you do not agree with the terms of this Agreement, do not
install or use the Software.
Agreement. If you do not agree with the terms of this Agreement, do not install
or use the Software.
* Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.

556
Documentation/networking/e1000.txt
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
Linux* Base Driver for the Intel(R) PRO/1000 Family of Adapters
===============================================================
November 17, 2004
November 15, 2005
Contents
@ -20,13 +20,27 @@ In This Release
===============
This file describes the Linux* Base Driver for the Intel(R) PRO/1000 Family
of Adapters, version 5.x.x.
of Adapters. This driver includes support for Itanium(R)2-based systems.
For questions related to hardware requirements, refer to the documentation
supplied with your Intel PRO/1000 adapter. All hardware requirements listed
apply to use with Linux.
Native VLANs are now available with supported kernels.
The following features are now available in supported kernels:
- Native VLANs
- Channel Bonding (teaming)
- SNMP
Channel Bonding documentation can be found in the Linux kernel source:
/Documentation/networking/bonding.txt
The driver information previously displayed in the /proc filesystem is not
supported in this release. Alternatively, you can use ethtool (version 1.6
or later), lspci, and ifconfig to obtain the same information.
Instructions on updating ethtool can be found in the section "Additional
Configurations" later in this document.
Identifying Your Adapter
========================
@ -42,12 +56,12 @@ networking link on the left to search for your adapter:
http://downloadfinder.intel.com/scripts-df/support_intel.asp
Command Line Parameters
=======================
If the driver is built as a module, the following optional parameters are
used by entering them on the command line with the modprobe or insmod command
using this syntax:
Command Line Parameters =======================
If the driver is built as a module, the following optional parameters
are used by entering them on the command line with the modprobe or insmod
command using this syntax:
modprobe e1000 [<option>=<VAL1>,<VAL2>,...]
@ -57,217 +71,265 @@ For example, with two PRO/1000 PCI adapters, entering:
insmod e1000 TxDescriptors=80,128
loads the e1000 driver with 80 TX descriptors for the first adapter and 128 TX
descriptors for the second adapter.
loads the e1000 driver with 80 TX descriptors for the first adapter and 128
TX descriptors for the second adapter.
The default value for each parameter is generally the recommended setting,
unless otherwise noted. Also, if the driver is statically built into the
kernel, the driver is loaded with the default values for all the parameters.
Ethtool can be used to change some of the parameters at runtime.
unless otherwise noted.
NOTES: For more information about the AutoNeg, Duplex, and Speed
parameters, see the "Speed and Duplex Configuration" section in
this document.
NOTES: For more information about the AutoNeg, Duplex, and Speed
parameters, see the "Speed and Duplex Configuration" section in
this document.
For more information about the InterruptThrottleRate, RxIntDelay,
TxIntDelay, RxAbsIntDelay, and TxAbsIntDelay parameters, see the
application note at:
http://www.intel.com/design/network/applnots/ap450.htm
For more information about the InterruptThrottleRate,
RxIntDelay, TxIntDelay, RxAbsIntDelay, and TxAbsIntDelay
parameters, see the application note at:
http://www.intel.com/design/network/applnots/ap450.htm
A descriptor describes a data buffer and attributes related to the
data buffer. This information is accessed by the hardware.
A descriptor describes a data buffer and attributes related to
the data buffer. This information is accessed by the hardware.
AutoNeg (adapters using copper connections only)
Valid Range: 0x01-0x0F, 0x20-0x2F
AutoNeg
-------
(Supported only on adapters with copper connections)
Valid Range: 0x01-0x0F, 0x20-0x2F
Default Value: 0x2F
This parameter is a bit mask that specifies which speed and duplex
settings the board advertises. When this parameter is used, the Speed and
Duplex parameters must not be specified.
NOTE: Refer to the Speed and Duplex section of this readme for more
information on the AutoNeg parameter.
Duplex (adapters using copper connections only)
Valid Range: 0-2 (0=auto-negotiate, 1=half, 2=full)
This parameter is a bit mask that specifies which speed and duplex
settings the board advertises. When this parameter is used, the Speed
and Duplex parameters must not be specified.
NOTE: Refer to the Speed and Duplex section of this readme for more
information on the AutoNeg parameter.
Duplex
------
(Supported only on adapters with copper connections)
Valid Range: 0-2 (0=auto-negotiate, 1=half, 2=full)
Default Value: 0
Defines the direction in which data is allowed to flow. Can be either one
or two-directional. If both Duplex and the link partner are set to auto-
negotiate, the board auto-detects the correct duplex. If the link partner
is forced (either full or half), Duplex defaults to half-duplex.
Defines the direction in which data is allowed to flow. Can be either
one or two-directional. If both Duplex and the link partner are set to
auto-negotiate, the board auto-detects the correct duplex. If the link
partner is forced (either full or half), Duplex defaults to half-duplex.
FlowControl
Valid Range: 0-3 (0=none, 1=Rx only, 2=Tx only, 3=Rx&Tx)
Default: Read flow control settings from the EEPROM
This parameter controls the automatic generation(Tx) and response(Rx) to
Ethernet PAUSE frames.
----------
Valid Range: 0-3 (0=none, 1=Rx only, 2=Tx only, 3=Rx&Tx)
Default Value: Reads flow control settings from the EEPROM
This parameter controls the automatic generation(Tx) and response(Rx)
to Ethernet PAUSE frames.
InterruptThrottleRate
Valid Range: 100-100000 (0=off, 1=dynamic)
---------------------
(not supported on Intel 82542, 82543 or 82544-based adapters)
Valid Range: 100-100000 (0=off, 1=dynamic)
Default Value: 8000
This value represents the maximum number of interrupts per second the
controller generates. InterruptThrottleRate is another setting used in
interrupt moderation. Dynamic mode uses a heuristic algorithm to adjust
InterruptThrottleRate based on the current traffic load.
Un-supported Adapters: InterruptThrottleRate is NOT supported by 82542, 82543
or 82544-based adapters.
NOTE: InterruptThrottleRate takes precedence over the TxAbsIntDelay and
RxAbsIntDelay parameters. In other words, minimizing the receive
and/or transmit absolute delays does not force the controller to
generate more interrupts than what the Interrupt Throttle Rate
allows.
CAUTION: If you are using the Intel PRO/1000 CT Network Connection
(controller 82547), setting InterruptThrottleRate to a value
greater than 75,000, may hang (stop transmitting) adapters under
certain network conditions. If this occurs a NETDEV WATCHDOG
message is logged in the system event log. In addition, the
controller is automatically reset, restoring the network
connection. To eliminate the potential for the hang, ensure
that InterruptThrottleRate is set no greater than 75,000 and is
not set to 0.
NOTE: When e1000 is loaded with default settings and multiple adapters are
in use simultaneously, the CPU utilization may increase non-linearly.
In order to limit the CPU utilization without impacting the overall
throughput, we recommend that you load the driver as follows:
This value represents the maximum number of interrupts per second the
controller generates. InterruptThrottleRate is another setting used in
interrupt moderation. Dynamic mode uses a heuristic algorithm to adjust
InterruptThrottleRate based on the current traffic load.
insmod e1000.o InterruptThrottleRate=3000,3000,3000
NOTE: InterruptThrottleRate takes precedence over the TxAbsIntDelay and
RxAbsIntDelay parameters. In other words, minimizing the receive
and/or transmit absolute delays does not force the controller to
generate more interrupts than what the Interrupt Throttle Rate
allows.
CAUTION: If you are using the Intel PRO/1000 CT Network Connection
(controller 82547), setting InterruptThrottleRate to a value
greater than 75,000, may hang (stop transmitting) adapters
under certain network conditions. If this occurs a NETDEV
WATCHDOG message is logged in the system event log. In
addition, the controller is automatically reset, restoring
the network connection. To eliminate the potential for the
hang, ensure that InterruptThrottleRate is set no greater
than 75,000 and is not set to 0.
NOTE: When e1000 is loaded with default settings and multiple adapters
are in use simultaneously, the CPU utilization may increase non-
linearly. In order to limit the CPU utilization without impacting
the overall throughput, we recommend that you load the driver as
follows:
insmod e1000.o InterruptThrottleRate=3000,3000,3000
This sets the InterruptThrottleRate to 3000 interrupts/sec for
the first, second, and third instances of the driver. The range
of 2000 to 3000 interrupts per second works on a majority of
systems and is a good starting point, but the optimal value will
be platform-specific. If CPU utilization is not a concern, use
RX_POLLING (NAPI) and default driver settings.
This sets the InterruptThrottleRate to 3000 interrupts/sec for the
first, second, and third instances of the driver. The range of 2000 to
3000 interrupts per second works on a majority of systems and is a
good starting point, but the optimal value will be platform-specific.
If CPU utilization is not a concern, use RX_POLLING (NAPI) and default
driver settings.
RxDescriptors
Valid Range: 80-256 for 82542 and 82543-based adapters
80-4096 for all other supported adapters
-------------
Valid Range: 80-256 for 82542 and 82543-based adapters
80-4096 for all other supported adapters
Default Value: 256
This value is the number of receive descriptors allocated by the driver.
Increasing this value allows the driver to buffer more incoming packets.
Each descriptor is 16 bytes. A receive buffer is allocated for each
descriptor and can either be 2048 or 4096 bytes long, depending on the MTU
setting. An incoming packet can span one or more receive descriptors.
The maximum MTU size is 16110.
This value specifies the number of receive descriptors allocated by the
driver. Increasing this value allows the driver to buffer more incoming
packets. Each descriptor is 16 bytes. A receive buffer is also
allocated for each descriptor and is 2048.
NOTE: MTU designates the frame size. It only needs to be set for Jumbo
Frames.
NOTE: Depending on the available system resources, the request for a
higher number of receive descriptors may be denied. In this case,
use a lower number.
RxIntDelay
Valid Range: 0-65535 (0=off)
----------
Valid Range: 0-65535 (0=off)
Default Value: 0
This value delays the generation of receive interrupts in units of 1.024
microseconds. Receive interrupt reduction can improve CPU efficiency if
properly tuned for specific network traffic. Increasing this value adds
extra latency to frame reception and can end up decreasing the throughput
of TCP traffic. If the system is reporting dropped receives, this value
may be set too high, causing the driver to run out of available receive
descriptors.
CAUTION: When setting RxIntDelay to a value other than 0, adapters may
hang (stop transmitting) under certain network conditions. If
this occurs a NETDEV WATCHDOG message is logged in the system
event log. In addition, the controller is automatically reset,
restoring the network connection. To eliminate the potential for
the hang ensure that RxIntDelay is set to 0.
This value delays the generation of receive interrupts in units of 1.024
microseconds. Receive interrupt reduction can improve CPU efficiency if
properly tuned for specific network traffic. Increasing this value adds
extra latency to frame reception and can end up decreasing the throughput
of TCP traffic. If the system is reporting dropped receives, this value
may be set too high, causing the driver to run out of available receive
descriptors.
RxAbsIntDelay (82540, 82545 and later adapters only)
Valid Range: 0-65535 (0=off)
CAUTION: When setting RxIntDelay to a value other than 0, adapters may
hang (stop transmitting) under certain network conditions. If
this occurs a NETDEV WATCHDOG message is logged in the system
event log. In addition, the controller is automatically reset,
restoring the network connection. To eliminate the potential
for the hang ensure that RxIntDelay is set to 0.
RxAbsIntDelay
-------------
(This parameter is supported only on 82540, 82545 and later adapters.)
Valid Range: 0-65535 (0=off)
Default Value: 128
This value, in units of 1.024 microseconds, limits the delay in which a
receive interrupt is generated. Useful only if RxIntDelay is non-zero,
this value ensures that an interrupt is generated after the initial
packet is received within the set amount of time. Proper tuning,
along with RxIntDelay, may improve traffic throughput in specific network
conditions.
Speed (adapters using copper connections only)
This value, in units of 1.024 microseconds, limits the delay in which a
receive interrupt is generated. Useful only if RxIntDelay is non-zero,
this value ensures that an interrupt is generated after the initial
packet is received within the set amount of time. Proper tuning,
along with RxIntDelay, may improve traffic throughput in specific network
conditions.
Speed
-----
(This parameter is supported only on adapters with copper connections.)
Valid Settings: 0, 10, 100, 1000
Default Value: 0 (auto-negotiate at all supported speeds)
Speed forces the line speed to the specified value in megabits per second
(Mbps). If this parameter is not specified or is set to 0 and the link
partner is set to auto-negotiate, the board will auto-detect the correct
speed. Duplex should also be set when Speed is set to either 10 or 100.
Default Value: 0 (auto-negotiate at all supported speeds)
Speed forces the line speed to the specified value in megabits per second
(Mbps). If this parameter is not specified or is set to 0 and the link
partner is set to auto-negotiate, the board will auto-detect the correct
speed. Duplex should also be set when Speed is set to either 10 or 100.
TxDescriptors
Valid Range: 80-256 for 82542 and 82543-based adapters
80-4096 for all other supported adapters
-------------
Valid Range: 80-256 for 82542 and 82543-based adapters
80-4096 for all other supported adapters
Default Value: 256
This value is the number of transmit descriptors allocated by the driver.
Increasing this value allows the driver to queue more transmits. Each
descriptor is 16 bytes.
NOTE: Depending on the available system resources, the request for a
higher number of transmit descriptors may be denied. In this case,
use a lower number.
This value is the number of transmit descriptors allocated by the driver.
Increasing this value allows the driver to queue more transmits. Each
descriptor is 16 bytes.
NOTE: Depending on the available system resources, the request for a
higher number of transmit descriptors may be denied. In this case,
use a lower number.
TxIntDelay
Valid Range: 0-65535 (0=off)
----------
Valid Range: 0-65535 (0=off)
Default Value: 64
This value delays the generation of transmit interrupts in units of
1.024 microseconds. Transmit interrupt reduction can improve CPU
efficiency if properly tuned for specific network traffic. If the
system is reporting dropped transmits, this value may be set too high
causing the driver to run out of available transmit descriptors.
TxAbsIntDelay (82540, 82545 and later adapters only)
Valid Range: 0-65535 (0=off)
This value delays the generation of transmit interrupts in units of
1.024 microseconds. Transmit interrupt reduction can improve CPU
efficiency if properly tuned for specific network traffic. If the
system is reporting dropped transmits, this value may be set too high
causing the driver to run out of available transmit descriptors.
TxAbsIntDelay
-------------
(This parameter is supported only on 82540, 82545 and later adapters.)
Valid Range: 0-65535 (0=off)
Default Value: 64
This value, in units of 1.024 microseconds, limits the delay in which a
transmit interrupt is generated. Useful only if TxIntDelay is non-zero,
this value ensures that an interrupt is generated after the initial
packet is sent on the wire within the set amount of time. Proper tuning,
along with TxIntDelay, may improve traffic throughput in specific
network conditions.
XsumRX (not available on the 82542-based adapter)
Valid Range: 0-1
This value, in units of 1.024 microseconds, limits the delay in which a
transmit interrupt is generated. Useful only if TxIntDelay is non-zero,
this value ensures that an interrupt is generated after the initial
packet is sent on the wire within the set amount of time. Proper tuning,
along with TxIntDelay, may improve traffic throughput in specific
network conditions.
XsumRX
------
(This parameter is NOT supported on the 82542-based adapter.)
Valid Range: 0-1
Default Value: 1
A value of '1' indicates that the driver should enable IP checksum
offload for received packets (both UDP and TCP) to the adapter hardware.
A value of '1' indicates that the driver should enable IP checksum
offload for received packets (both UDP and TCP) to the adapter hardware.
Speed and Duplex Configuration
==============================
Three keywords are used to control the speed and duplex configuration. These
keywords are Speed, Duplex, and AutoNeg.
Three keywords are used to control the speed and duplex configuration.
These keywords are Speed, Duplex, and AutoNeg.
If the board uses a fiber interface, these keywords are ignored, and the
fiber interface board only links at 1000 Mbps full-duplex.
For copper-based boards, the keywords interact as follows:
The default operation is auto-negotiate. The board advertises all supported
speed and duplex combinations, and it links at the highest common speed and
duplex mode IF the link partner is set to auto-negotiate.
The default operation is auto-negotiate. The board advertises all
supported speed and duplex combinations, and it links at the highest
common speed and duplex mode IF the link partner is set to auto-negotiate.
If Speed = 1000, limited auto-negotiation is enabled and only 1000 Mbps is
advertised (The 1000BaseT spec requires auto-negotiation.)
If Speed = 1000, limited auto-negotiation is enabled and only 1000 Mbps
is advertised (The 1000BaseT spec requires auto-negotiation.)
If Speed = 10 or 100, then both Speed and Duplex should be set. Auto-
negotiation is disabled, and the AutoNeg parameter is ignored. Partner SHOULD
also be forced.
negotiation is disabled, and the AutoNeg parameter is ignored. Partner
SHOULD also be forced.
The AutoNeg parameter is used when more control is required over the auto-
negotiation process. When this parameter is used, Speed and Duplex parameters
must not be specified. The following table describes supported values for the
AutoNeg parameter:
The AutoNeg parameter is used when more control is required over the
auto-negotiation process. It should be used when you wish to control which
speed and duplex combinations are advertised during the auto-negotiation
process.
Speed (Mbps) 1000 100 100 10 10
Duplex Full Full Half Full Half
Value (in base 16) 0x20 0x08 0x04 0x02 0x01
The parameter may be specified as either a decimal or hexidecimal value as
determined by the bitmap below.
Example: insmod e1000 AutoNeg=0x03, loads e1000 and specifies (10 full duplex,
10 half duplex) for negotiation with the peer.
Bit position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Decimal Value 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Hex value 80 40 20 10 8 4 2 1
Speed (Mbps) N/A N/A 1000 N/A 100 100 10 10
Duplex Full Full Half Full Half
Note that setting AutoNeg does not guarantee that the board will link at the
highest specified speed or duplex mode, but the board will link at the
highest possible speed/duplex of the link partner IF the link partner is also
set to auto-negotiate. If the link partner is forced speed/duplex, the
adapter MUST be forced to the same speed/duplex.
Some examples of using AutoNeg:
modprobe e1000 AutoNeg=0x01 (Restricts autonegotiation to 10 Half)
modprobe e1000 AutoNeg=1 (Same as above)
modprobe e1000 AutoNeg=0x02 (Restricts autonegotiation to 10 Full)
modprobe e1000 AutoNeg=0x03 (Restricts autonegotiation to 10 Half or 10 Full)
modprobe e1000 AutoNeg=0x04 (Restricts autonegotiation to 100 Half)
modprobe e1000 AutoNeg=0x05 (Restricts autonegotiation to 10 Half or 100
Half)
modprobe e1000 AutoNeg=0x020 (Restricts autonegotiation to 1000 Full)
modprobe e1000 AutoNeg=32 (Same as above)
Note that when this parameter is used, Speed and Duplex must not be specified.
If the link partner is forced to a specific speed and duplex, then this
parameter should not be used. Instead, use the Speed and Duplex parameters
previously mentioned to force the adapter to the same speed and duplex.
Additional Configurations
@ -276,19 +338,19 @@ Additional Configurations
Configuring the Driver on Different Distributions
-------------------------------------------------
Configuring a network driver to load properly when the system is started is
distribution dependent. Typically, the configuration process involves adding
an alias line to /etc/modules.conf as well as editing other system startup
scripts and/or configuration files. Many popular Linux distributions ship
with tools to make these changes for you. To learn the proper way to
configure a network device for your system, refer to your distribution
documentation. If during this process you are asked for the driver or module
name, the name for the Linux Base Driver for the Intel PRO/1000 Family of
Adapters is e1000.
Configuring a network driver to load properly when the system is started
is distribution dependent. Typically, the configuration process involves
adding an alias line to /etc/modules.conf or /etc/modprobe.conf as well
as editing other system startup scripts and/or configuration files. Many
popular Linux distributions ship with tools to make these changes for you.
To learn the proper way to configure a network device for your system,
refer to your distribution documentation. If during this process you are
asked for the driver or module name, the name for the Linux Base Driver
for the Intel PRO/1000 Family of Adapters is e1000.
As an example, if you install the e1000 driver for two PRO/1000 adapters
(eth0 and eth1) and set the speed and duplex to 10full and 100half, add the
following to modules.conf:
(eth0 and eth1) and set the speed and duplex to 10full and 100half, add
the following to modules.conf or or modprobe.conf:
alias eth0 e1000
alias eth1 e1000
@ -298,8 +360,8 @@ Additional Configurations
---------------------
Link messages will not be displayed to the console if the distribution is
restricting system messages. In order to see network driver link messages on
your console, set dmesg to eight by entering the following:
restricting system messages. In order to see network driver link messages
on your console, set dmesg to eight by entering the following:
dmesg -n 8
@ -308,22 +370,42 @@ Additional Configurations
Jumbo Frames
------------
The driver supports Jumbo Frames for all adapters except 82542-based
adapters. Jumbo Frames support is enabled by changing the MTU to a value
larger than the default of 1500. Use the ifconfig command to increase the
MTU size. For example:
The driver supports Jumbo Frames for all adapters except 82542 and
82573-based adapters. Jumbo Frames support is enabled by changing the
MTU to a value larger than the default of 1500. Use the ifconfig command
to increase the MTU size. For example:
ifconfig ethx mtu 9000 up
ifconfig eth<x> mtu 9000 up
The maximum MTU setting for Jumbo Frames is 16110. This value coincides
with the maximum Jumbo Frames size of 16128.
This setting is not saved across reboots. It can be made permanent if
you add:
NOTE: Jumbo Frames are supported at 1000 Mbps only. Using Jumbo Frames at
10 or 100 Mbps may result in poor performance or loss of link.
MTU=9000
to the file /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth<x>. This example
applies to the Red Hat distributions; other distributions may store this
setting in a different location.
Notes:
- To enable Jumbo Frames, increase the MTU size on the interface beyond
1500.
- The maximum MTU setting for Jumbo Frames is 16110. This value coincides
with the maximum Jumbo Frames size of 16128.
- Using Jumbo Frames at 10 or 100 Mbps may result in poor performance or
loss of link.
- Some Intel gigabit adapters that support Jumbo Frames have a frame size
limit of 9238 bytes, with a corresponding MTU size limit of 9216 bytes.
The adapters with this limitation are based on the Intel 82571EB and
82572EI controllers, which correspond to these product names:
Intel® PRO/1000 PT Dual Port Server Adapter
Intel® PRO/1000 PF Dual Port Server Adapter
Intel® PRO/1000 PT Server Adapter
Intel® PRO/1000 PT Desktop Adapter
Intel® PRO/1000 PF Server Adapter
- The Intel PRO/1000 PM Network Connection does not support jumbo frames.
NOTE: MTU designates the frame size. To enable Jumbo Frames, increase the
MTU size on the interface beyond 1500.
Ethtool
-------
@ -333,7 +415,7 @@ Additional Configurations
version 1.6 or later is required for this functionality.
The latest release of ethtool can be found from
http://sf.net/projects/gkernel.
http://sourceforge.net/projects/gkernel.
NOTE: Ethtool 1.6 only supports a limited set of ethtool options. Support
for a more complete ethtool feature set can be enabled by upgrading
@ -358,7 +440,16 @@ Additional Configurations
----
NAPI (Rx polling mode) is supported in the e1000 driver. NAPI is enabled
or disabled based on the configuration of the kernel.
or disabled based on the configuration of the kernel. To override
the default, use the following compile-time flags.
To enable NAPI, compile the driver module, passing in a configuration option:
make CFLAGS_EXTRA=-DE1000_NAPI install
To disable NAPI, compile the driver module, passing in a configuration option:
make CFLAGS_EXTRA=-DE1000_NO_NAPI install
See www.cyberus.ca/~hadi/usenix-paper.tgz for more information on NAPI.
@ -370,9 +461,84 @@ Known Issues
-------------------------------
Memory allocation failures have been observed on Linux systems with 64 MB
of RAM or less that are running Jumbo Frames. If you are using Jumbo Frames,
your system may require more than the advertised minimum requirement of 64 MB
of system memory.
of RAM or less that are running Jumbo Frames. If you are using Jumbo
Frames, your system may require more than the advertised minimum
requirement of 64 MB of system memory.
Performance Degradation with Jumbo Frames
-----------------------------------------
Degradation in throughput performance may be observed in some Jumbo frames
environments. If this is observed, increasing the application's socket
buffer size and/or increasing the /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_*mem entry values
may help. See the specific application manual and
/usr/src/linux*/Documentation/
networking/ip-sysctl.txt for more details.
Jumbo frames on Foundry BigIron 8000 switch
-------------------------------------------
There is a known issue using Jumbo frames when connected to a Foundry
BigIron 8000 switch. This is a 3rd party limitation. If you experience
loss of packets, lower the MTU size.
Multiple Interfaces on Same Ethernet Broadcast Network
------------------------------------------------------
Due to the default ARP behavior on Linux, it is not possible to have
one system on two IP networks in the same Ethernet broadcast domain
(non-partitioned switch) behave as expected. All Ethernet interfaces
will respond to IP traffic for any IP address assigned to the system.
This results in unbalanced receive traffic.
If you have multiple interfaces in a server, either turn on ARP
filtering by entering:
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_filter
(this only works if your kernel's version is higher than 2.4.5),
NOTE: This setting is not saved across reboots. The configuration
change can be made permanent by adding the line:
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_filter = 1
to the file /etc/sysctl.conf
or,
install the interfaces in separate broadcast domains (either in
different switches or in a switch partitioned to VLANs).
82541/82547 can't link or are slow to link with some link partners
-----------------------------------------------------------------
There is a known compatibility issue with 82541/82547 and some
low-end switches where the link will not be established, or will
be slow to establish. In particular, these switches are known to
be incompatible with 82541/82547:
Planex FXG-08TE
I-O Data ETG-SH8
To workaround this issue, the driver can be compiled with an override
of the PHY's master/slave setting. Forcing master or forcing slave
mode will improve time-to-link.
# make EXTRA_CFLAGS=-DE1000_MASTER_SLAVE=<n>
Where <n> is:
0 = Hardware default
1 = Master mode
2 = Slave mode
3 = Auto master/slave
Disable rx flow control with ethtool
------------------------------------
In order to disable receive flow control using ethtool, you must turn
off auto-negotiation on the same command line.
For example:
ethtool -A eth? autoneg off rx off
Support
@ -382,9 +548,13 @@ For general information, go to the Intel support website at:
http://support.intel.com
or the Intel Wired Networking project hosted by Sourceforge at:
http://sourceforge.net/projects/e1000
If an issue is identified with the released source code on the supported
kernel with a supported adapter, email the specific information related to
the issue to linux.nics@intel.com.
kernel with a supported adapter, email the specific information related
to the issue to e1000-devel@lists.sourceforge.net
License
@ -393,7 +563,7 @@ License
This software program is released under the terms of a license agreement
between you ('Licensee') and Intel. Do not use or load this software or any
associated materials (collectively, the 'Software') until you have carefully
read the full terms and conditions of the LICENSE located in this software
read the full terms and conditions of the file COPYING located in this software
package. By loading or using the Software, you agree to the terms of this
Agreement. If you do not agree with the terms of this Agreement, do not
install or use the Software.

2
Documentation/networking/ifenslave.c
View File

@ -87,7 +87,7 @@
* would fail and generate an error message in the system log.
* - For opt_c: slave should not be set to the master's setting
* while it is running. It was already set during enslave. To
* simplify things, it is now handeled separately.
* simplify things, it is now handled separately.
*
* - 2003/12/01 - Shmulik Hen <shmulik.hen at intel dot com>
* - Code cleanup and style changes

49
Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt
View File

@ -355,6 +355,13 @@ somaxconn - INTEGER
Defaults to 128. See also tcp_max_syn_backlog for additional tuning
for TCP sockets.
tcp_workaround_signed_windows - BOOLEAN
If set, assume no receipt of a window scaling option means the
remote TCP is broken and treats the window as a signed quantity.
If unset, assume the remote TCP is not broken even if we do
not receive a window scaling option from them.
Default: 0
IP Variables:
ip_local_port_range - 2 INTEGERS
@ -619,6 +626,11 @@ arp_ignore - INTEGER
The max value from conf/{all,interface}/arp_ignore is used
when ARP request is received on the {interface}
arp_accept - BOOLEAN
Define behavior when gratuitous arp replies are received:
0 - drop gratuitous arp frames
1 - accept gratuitous arp frames
app_solicit - INTEGER
The maximum number of probes to send to the user space ARP daemon
via netlink before dropping back to multicast probes (see
@ -717,6 +729,33 @@ accept_ra - BOOLEAN
Functional default: enabled if local forwarding is disabled.
disabled if local forwarding is enabled.
accept_ra_defrtr - BOOLEAN
Learn default router in Router Advertisement.
Functional default: enabled if accept_ra is enabled.
disabled if accept_ra is disabled.
accept_ra_pinfo - BOOLEAN
Learn Prefix Inforamtion in Router Advertisement.
Functional default: enabled if accept_ra is enabled.
disabled if accept_ra is disabled.
accept_ra_rt_info_max_plen - INTEGER
Maximum prefix length of Route Information in RA.
Route Information w/ prefix larger than or equal to this
variable shall be ignored.
Functional default: 0 if accept_ra_rtr_pref is enabled.
-1 if accept_ra_rtr_pref is disabled.
accept_ra_rtr_pref - BOOLEAN
Accept Router Preference in RA.
Functional default: enabled if accept_ra is enabled.
disabled if accept_ra is disabled.
accept_redirects - BOOLEAN
Accept Redirects.
@ -727,8 +766,8 @@ autoconf - BOOLEAN
Autoconfigure addresses using Prefix Information in Router
Advertisements.
Functional default: enabled if accept_ra is enabled.
disabled if accept_ra is disabled.
Functional default: enabled if accept_ra_pinfo is enabled.
disabled if accept_ra_pinfo is disabled.
dad_transmits - INTEGER
The amount of Duplicate Address Detection probes to send.
@ -771,6 +810,12 @@ mtu - INTEGER
Default Maximum Transfer Unit
Default: 1280 (IPv6 required minimum)
router_probe_interval - INTEGER
Minimum interval (in seconds) between Router Probing described
in RFC4191.
Default: 60
router_solicitation_delay - INTEGER
Number of seconds to wait after interface is brought up
before sending Router Solicitations.

10
Documentation/networking/packet_mmap.txt
View File

@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ network interface card supports some sort of interrupt load mitigation or
+ How to use CONFIG_PACKET_MMAP
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
From the user standpoint, you should use the higher level libpcap library, wich
From the user standpoint, you should use the higher level libpcap library, which
is a de facto standard, portable across nearly all operating systems
including Win32.
@ -217,8 +217,8 @@ called pg_vec, its size limits the number of blocks that can be allocated.
kmalloc allocates any number of bytes of phisically contiguous memory from
a pool of pre-determined sizes. This pool of memory is mantained by the slab
allocator wich is at the end the responsible for doing the allocation and
hence wich imposes the maximum memory that kmalloc can allocate.
allocator which is at the end the responsible for doing the allocation and
hence which imposes the maximum memory that kmalloc can allocate.
In a 2.4/2.6 kernel and the i386 architecture, the limit is 131072 bytes. The
predetermined sizes that kmalloc uses can be checked in the "size-<bytes>"
@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ and, the number of frames be
<block number> * <block size> / <frame size>
Suposse the following parameters, wich apply for 2.6 kernel and an
Suposse the following parameters, which apply for 2.6 kernel and an
i386 architecture:
<size-max> = 131072 bytes
@ -360,7 +360,7 @@ TP_STATUS_LOSING : indicates there were packet drops from last time
statistics where checked with getsockopt() and
the PACKET_STATISTICS option.
TP_STATUS_CSUMNOTREADY: currently it's used for outgoing IP packets wich
TP_STATUS_CSUMNOTREADY: currently it's used for outgoing IP packets which
it's checksum will be done in hardware. So while
reading the packet we should not try to check the
checksum.

18
Documentation/networking/pktgen.txt
View File

@ -109,6 +109,22 @@ Examples:
cycle through the port range.
pgset "udp_dst_max 9" set UDP destination port max.
pgset "mpls 0001000a,0002000a,0000000a" set MPLS labels (in this example
outer label=16,middle label=32,
inner label=0 (IPv4 NULL)) Note that
there must be no spaces between the
arguments. Leading zeros are required.
Do not set the bottom of stack bit,
thats done automatically. If you do
set the bottom of stack bit, that
indicates that you want to randomly
generate that address and the flag
MPLS_RND will be turned on. You
can have any mix of random and fixed
labels in the label stack.
pgset "mpls 0" turn off mpls (or any invalid argument works too!)
pgset stop aborts injection. Also, ^C aborts generator.
@ -167,6 +183,8 @@ pkt_size
min_pkt_size
max_pkt_size
mpls
udp_src_min
udp_src_max

2
Documentation/networking/ray_cs.txt
View File

@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ the essid= string parameter is available via the kernel command line.
This will change after the method of sorting out parameters for all
the PCMCIA drivers is agreed upon. If you must have a built in driver
with nondefault parameters, they can be edited in
/usr/src/linux/drivers/net/pcmcia/ray_cs.c. Searching for MODULE_PARM
/usr/src/linux/drivers/net/pcmcia/ray_cs.c. Searching for module_param
will find them all.
Information on card services is available at:

257
Documentation/networking/sis900.txt
View File

@ -1,257 +0,0 @@
SiS 900/7016 Fast Ethernet Device Driver
Ollie Lho
Lei Chun Chang
Copyright © 1999 by Silicon Integrated System Corp.
This document gives some information on installation and usage of SiS
900/7016 device driver under Linux.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at
your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307
USA
_________________________________________________________________
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. Changes
3. Tested Environment
4. Files in This Package
5. Installation
Building the driver as loadable module
Building the driver into kernel
6. Known Problems and Bugs
7. Revision History
8. Acknowledgements
_________________________________________________________________
Chapter 1. Introduction
This document describes the revision 1.06 and 1.07 of SiS 900/7016
Fast Ethernet device driver under Linux. The driver is developed by
Silicon Integrated System Corp. and distributed freely under the GNU
General Public License (GPL). The driver can be compiled as a loadable
module and used under Linux kernel version 2.2.x. (rev. 1.06) With
minimal changes, the driver can also be used under 2.3.x and 2.4.x
kernel (rev. 1.07), please see Chapter 5. If you are intended to use
the driver for earlier kernels, you are on your own.
The driver is tested with usual TCP/IP applications including FTP,
Telnet, Netscape etc. and is used constantly by the developers.
Please send all comments/fixes/questions to Lei-Chun Chang.
_________________________________________________________________
Chapter 2. Changes
Changes made in Revision 1.07
1. Separation of sis900.c and sis900.h in order to move most constant
definition to sis900.h (many of those constants were corrected)
2. Clean up PCI detection, the pci-scan from Donald Becker were not
used, just simple pci_find_*.
3. MII detection is modified to support multiple mii transceiver.
4. Bugs in read_eeprom, mdio_* were removed.
5. Lot of sis900 irrelevant comments were removed/changed and more
comments were added to reflect the real situation.
6. Clean up of physical/virtual address space mess in buffer
descriptors.
7. Better transmit/receive error handling.
8. The driver now uses zero-copy single buffer management scheme to
improve performance.
9. Names of variables were changed to be more consistent.
10. Clean up of auo-negotiation and timer code.
11. Automatic detection and change of PHY on the fly.
12. Bug in mac probing fixed.
13. Fix 630E equalier problem by modifying the equalizer workaround
rule.
14. Support for ICS1893 10/100 Interated PHYceiver.
15. Support for media select by ifconfig.
16. Added kernel-doc extratable documentation.
_________________________________________________________________
Chapter 3. Tested Environment
This driver is developed on the following hardware
* Intel Celeron 500 with SiS 630 (rev 02) chipset
* SiS 900 (rev 01) and SiS 7016/7014 Fast Ethernet Card
and tested with these software environments
* Red Hat Linux version 6.2
* Linux kernel version 2.4.0
* Netscape version 4.6
* NcFTP 3.0.0 beta 18
* Samba version 2.0.3
_________________________________________________________________
Chapter 4. Files in This Package
In the package you can find these files:
sis900.c
Driver source file in C
sis900.h
Header file for sis900.c
sis900.sgml
DocBook SGML source of the document
sis900.txt
Driver document in plain text
_________________________________________________________________
Chapter 5. Installation
Silicon Integrated System Corp. is cooperating closely with core Linux
Kernel developers. The revisions of SiS 900 driver are distributed by
the usuall channels for kernel tar files and patches. Those kernel tar
files for official kernel and patches for kernel pre-release can be
download at official kernel ftp site and its mirrors. The 1.06
revision can be found in kernel version later than 2.3.15 and
pre-2.2.14, and 1.07 revision can be found in kernel version 2.4.0. If
you have no prior experience in networking under Linux, please read
Ethernet HOWTO and Networking HOWTO available from Linux Documentation
Project (LDP).
The driver is bundled in release later than 2.2.11 and 2.3.15 so this
is the most easy case. Be sure you have the appropriate packages for
compiling kernel source. Those packages are listed in Document/Changes
in kernel source distribution. If you have to install the driver other
than those bundled in kernel release, you should have your driver file
sis900.c and sis900.h copied into /usr/src/linux/drivers/net/ first.
There are two alternative ways to install the driver
_________________________________________________________________
Building the driver as loadable module
To build the driver as a loadable kernel module you have to
reconfigure the kernel to activate network support by
make menuconfig
Choose "Loadable module support --->", then select "Enable loadable
module support".
Choose "Network Device Support --->", select "Ethernet (10 or
100Mbit)". Then select "EISA, VLB, PCI and on board controllers", and
choose "SiS 900/7016 PCI Fast Ethernet Adapter support" to "M".
After reconfiguring the kernel, you can make the driver module by
make modules
The driver should be compiled with no errors. After compiling the
driver, the driver can be installed to proper place by
make modules_install
Load the driver into kernel by
insmod sis900
When loading the driver into memory, some information message can be
view by
dmesg
or
cat /var/log/message
If the driver is loaded properly you will have messages similar to
this:
sis900.c: v1.07.06 11/07/2000
eth0: SiS 900 PCI Fast Ethernet at 0xd000, IRQ 10, 00:00:e8:83:7f:a4.
eth0: SiS 900 Internal MII PHY transceiver found at address 1.
eth0: Using SiS 900 Internal MII PHY as default
showing the version of the driver and the results of probing routine.
Once the driver is loaded, network can be brought up by
/sbin/ifconfig eth0 IPADDR broadcast BROADCAST netmask NETMASK media TYPE
where IPADDR, BROADCAST, NETMASK are your IP address, broadcast
address and netmask respectively. TYPE is used to set medium type used
by the device. Typical values are "10baseT"(twisted-pair 10Mbps
Ethernet) or "100baseT" (twisted-pair 100Mbps Ethernet). For more
information on how to configure network interface, please refer to
Networking HOWTO.
The link status is also shown by kernel messages. For example, after
the network interface is activated, you may have the message:
eth0: Media Link On 100mbps full-duplex
If you try to unplug the twist pair (TP) cable you will get
eth0: Media Link Off
indicating that the link is failed.
_________________________________________________________________
Building the driver into kernel
If you want to make the driver into kernel, choose "Y" rather than "M"
on "SiS 900/7016 PCI Fast Ethernet Adapter support" when configuring
the kernel. Build the kernel image in the usual way
make clean
make bzlilo
Next time the system reboot, you have the driver in memory.
_________________________________________________________________
Chapter 6. Known Problems and Bugs
There are some known problems and bugs. If you find any other bugs
please mail to lcchang@sis.com.tw
1. AM79C901 HomePNA PHY is not thoroughly tested, there may be some
bugs in the "on the fly" change of transceiver.
2. A bug is hidden somewhere in the receive buffer management code,
the bug causes NULL pointer reference in the kernel. This fault is
caught before bad things happen and reported with the message:
eth0: NULL pointer encountered in Rx ring, skipping which can be
viewed with dmesg or cat /var/log/message.
3. The media type change from 10Mbps to 100Mbps twisted-pair ethernet
by ifconfig causes the media link down.
_________________________________________________________________
Chapter 7. Revision History
* November 13, 2000, Revision 1.07, seventh release, 630E problem
fixed and further clean up.
* November 4, 1999, Revision 1.06, Second release, lots of clean up
and optimization.
* August 8, 1999, Revision 1.05, Initial Public Release
_________________________________________________________________
Chapter 8. Acknowledgements
This driver was originally derived form Donald Becker's pci-skeleton
and rtl8139 drivers. Donald also provided various suggestion regarded
with improvements made in revision 1.06.
The 1.05 revision was created by Jim Huang, AMD 79c901 support was
added by Chin-Shan Li.

81
Documentation/networking/vortex.txt
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@ -24,36 +24,44 @@ Since kernel 2.3.99-pre6, this driver incorporates the support for the
This driver supports the following hardware:
3c590 Vortex 10Mbps
3c592 EISA 10mbps Demon/Vortex
3c597 EISA Fast Demon/Vortex
3c595 Vortex 100baseTx
3c595 Vortex 100baseT4
3c595 Vortex 100base-MII
3Com Vortex
3c900 Boomerang 10baseT
3c900 Boomerang 10Mbps Combo
3c900 Cyclone 10Mbps TPO
3c900B Cyclone 10Mbps T
3c900 Cyclone 10Mbps Combo
3c900 Cyclone 10Mbps TPC
3c900B-FL Cyclone 10base-FL
3c905 Boomerang 100baseTx
3c905 Boomerang 100baseT4
3c905B Cyclone 100baseTx
3c905B Cyclone 10/100/BNC
3c905B-FX Cyclone 100baseFx
3c905C Tornado
3c980 Cyclone
3cSOHO100-TX Hurricane
3c555 Laptop Hurricane
3c575 Boomerang CardBus
3CCFE575 Cyclone CardBus
3CCFE575CT Cyclone CardBus
3CCFE656 Cyclone CardBus
3CCFEM656 Cyclone CardBus
3c450 Cyclone/unknown
3c590 Vortex 10Mbps
3c592 EISA 10Mbps Demon/Vortex
3c597 EISA Fast Demon/Vortex
3c595 Vortex 100baseTx
3c595 Vortex 100baseT4
3c595 Vortex 100base-MII
3c900 Boomerang 10baseT
3c900 Boomerang 10Mbps Combo
3c900 Cyclone 10Mbps TPO
3c900 Cyclone 10Mbps Combo
3c900 Cyclone 10Mbps TPC
3c900B-FL Cyclone 10base-FL
3c905 Boomerang 100baseTx
3c905 Boomerang 100baseT4
3c905B Cyclone 100baseTx
3c905B Cyclone 10/100/BNC
3c905B-FX Cyclone 100baseFx
3c905C Tornado
3c920B-EMB-WNM (ATI Radeon 9100 IGP)
3c980 Cyclone
3c980C Python-T
3cSOHO100-TX Hurricane
3c555 Laptop Hurricane
3c556 Laptop Tornado
3c556B Laptop Hurricane
3c575 [Megahertz] 10/100 LAN CardBus
3c575 Boomerang CardBus
3CCFE575BT Cyclone CardBus
3CCFE575CT Tornado CardBus
3CCFE656 Cyclone CardBus
3CCFEM656B Cyclone+Winmodem CardBus
3CXFEM656C Tornado+Winmodem CardBus
3c450 HomePNA Tornado
3c920 Tornado
3c982 Hydra Dual Port A
3c982 Hydra Dual Port B
3c905B-T4
3c920B-EMB-WNM Tornado
Module parameters
=================
@ -293,11 +301,6 @@ Donald's wake-on-LAN page:
http://www.scyld.com/wakeonlan.html
3Com's documentation for many NICs, including the ones supported by
this driver is available at
http://support.3com.com/partners/developer/developer_form.html
3Com's DOS-based application for setting up the NICs EEPROMs:
ftp://ftp.3com.com/pub/nic/3c90x/3c90xx2.exe
@ -312,10 +315,10 @@ Autonegotiation notes
---------------------
The driver uses a one-minute heartbeat for adapting to changes in
the external LAN environment. This means that when, for example, a
machine is unplugged from a hubbed 10baseT LAN plugged into a
switched 100baseT LAN, the throughput will be quite dreadful for up
to sixty seconds. Be patient.
the external LAN environment if link is up and 5 seconds if link is down.
This means that when, for example, a machine is unplugged from a hubbed
10baseT LAN plugged into a switched 100baseT LAN, the throughput
will be quite dreadful for up to sixty seconds. Be patient.
Cisco interoperability note from Walter Wong <wcw+@CMU.EDU>:

17
Documentation/nfsroot.txt
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@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ Mounting the root filesystem via NFS (nfsroot)
Written 1996 by Gero Kuhlmann <gero@gkminix.han.de>
Updated 1997 by Martin Mares <mj@atrey.karlin.mff.cuni.cz>
Updated 2006 by Nico Schottelius <nico-kernel-nfsroot@schottelius.org>
@ -168,7 +169,6 @@ depend on what facilities are available:
root. If it got a BOOTP answer the directory name in that answer
is used.
3.2) Using LILO
When using LILO you can specify all necessary command line
parameters with the 'append=' command in the LILO configuration
@ -177,7 +177,11 @@ depend on what facilities are available:
LILO and its 'append=' command please refer to the LILO
documentation.
3.3) Using loadlin
3.3) Using GRUB
When you use GRUB, you simply append the parameters after the kernel
specification: "kernel <kernel> <parameters>" (without the quotes).
3.4) Using loadlin
When you want to boot Linux from a DOS command prompt without
having a local hard disk to mount as root, you can use loadlin.
I was told that it works, but haven't used it myself yet. In
@ -185,7 +189,7 @@ depend on what facilities are available:
lar to how LILO is doing it. Please refer to the loadlin docu-
mentation for further information.
3.4) Using a boot ROM
3.5) Using a boot ROM
This is probably the most elegant way of booting a diskless
client. With a boot ROM the kernel gets loaded using the TFTP
protocol. As far as I know, no commercial boot ROMs yet
@ -194,6 +198,13 @@ depend on what facilities are available:
and its mirrors. They are called 'netboot-nfs' and 'etherboot'.
Both contain everything you need to boot a diskless Linux client.
3.6) Using pxelinux
Using pxelinux you specify the kernel you built with
"kernel <relative-path-below /tftpboot>". The nfsroot parameters
are passed to the kernel by adding them to the "append" line.
You may perhaps also want to fine tune the console output,
see Documentation/serial-console.txt for serial console help.

3
Documentation/pnp.txt
View File

@ -115,6 +115,9 @@ pnp_unregister_protocol
pnp_register_driver
- adds a PnP driver to the Plug and Play Layer
- this includes driver model integration
- returns zero for success or a negative error number for failure; count
calls to the .add() method if you need to know how many devices bind to
the driver
pnp_unregister_driver
- removes a PnP driver from the Plug and Play Layer

51
Documentation/power/swsusp.txt
View File

@ -17,6 +17,11 @@ Some warnings, first.
* but it will probably only crash.
*
* (*) suspend/resume support is needed to make it safe.
*
* If you have any filesystems on USB devices mounted before suspend,
* they won't be accessible after resume and you may lose data, as though
* you have unplugged the USB devices with mounted filesystems on them
* (see the FAQ below for details).
You need to append resume=/dev/your_swap_partition to kernel command
line. Then you suspend by
@ -27,19 +32,18 @@ echo shutdown > /sys/power/disk; echo disk > /sys/power/state
echo platform > /sys/power/disk; echo disk > /sys/power/state
. If you have SATA disks, you'll need recent kernels with SATA suspend
support. For suspend and resume to work, make sure your disk drivers
are built into kernel -- not modules. [There's way to make
suspend/resume with modular disk drivers, see FAQ, but you probably
should not do that.]
If you want to limit the suspend image size to N bytes, do
echo N > /sys/power/image_size
before suspend (it is limited to 500 MB by default).
Encrypted suspend image:
------------------------
If you want to store your suspend image encrypted with a temporary
key to prevent data gathering after resume you must compile
crypto and the aes algorithm into the kernel - modules won't work
as they cannot be loaded at resume time.
Article about goals and implementation of Software Suspend for Linux
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
@ -333,4 +337,37 @@ init=/bin/bash, then swapon and starting suspend sequence manually
usually does the trick. Then it is good idea to try with latest
vanilla kernel.
Q: How can distributions ship a swsusp-supporting kernel with modular
disk drivers (especially SATA)?
A: Well, it can be done, load the drivers, then do echo into
/sys/power/disk/resume file from initrd. Be sure not to mount
anything, not even read-only mount, or you are going to lose your
data.
Q: How do I make suspend more verbose?
A: If you want to see any non-error kernel messages on the virtual
terminal the kernel switches to during suspend, you have to set the
kernel console loglevel to at least 5, for example by doing
echo 5 > /proc/sys/kernel/printk
Q: Is this true that if I have a mounted filesystem on a USB device and
I suspend to disk, I can lose data unless the filesystem has been mounted
with "sync"?
A: That's right. It depends on your hardware, and it could be true even for
suspend-to-RAM. In fact, even with "-o sync" you can lose data if your
programs have information in buffers they haven't written out to disk.
If you're lucky, your hardware will support low-power modes for USB
controllers while the system is asleep. Lots of hardware doesn't,
however. Shutting off the power to a USB controller is equivalent to
unplugging all the attached devices.
Remember that it's always a bad idea to unplug a disk drive containing a
mounted filesystem. With USB that's true even when your system is asleep!
The safest thing is to unmount all USB-based filesystems before suspending
and remount them after resuming.

149
Documentation/power/userland-swsusp.txt Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
Documentation for userland software suspend interface
(C) 2006 Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
First, the warnings at the beginning of swsusp.txt still apply.
Second, you should read the FAQ in swsusp.txt _now_ if you have not
done it already.
Now, to use the userland interface for software suspend you need special
utilities that will read/write the system memory snapshot from/to the
kernel. Such utilities are available, for example, from
<http://www.sisk.pl/kernel/utilities/suspend>. You may want to have
a look at them if you are going to develop your own suspend/resume
utilities.
The interface consists of a character device providing the open(),
release(), read(), and write() operations as well as several ioctl()
commands defined in kernel/power/power.h. The major and minor
numbers of the device are, respectively, 10 and 231, and they can
be read from /sys/class/misc/snapshot/dev.
The device can be open either for reading or for writing. If open for
reading, it is considered to be in the suspend mode. Otherwise it is
assumed to be in the resume mode. The device cannot be open for reading
and writing. It is also impossible to have the device open more than once
at a time.
The ioctl() commands recognized by the device are:
SNAPSHOT_FREEZE - freeze user space processes (the current process is
not frozen); this is required for SNAPSHOT_ATOMIC_SNAPSHOT
and SNAPSHOT_ATOMIC_RESTORE to succeed
SNAPSHOT_UNFREEZE - thaw user space processes frozen by SNAPSHOT_FREEZE
SNAPSHOT_ATOMIC_SNAPSHOT - create a snapshot of the system memory; the
last argument of ioctl() should be a pointer to an int variable,
the value of which will indicate whether the call returned after
creating the snapshot (1) or after restoring the system memory state
from it (0) (after resume the system finds itself finishing the
SNAPSHOT_ATOMIC_SNAPSHOT ioctl() again); after the snapshot
has been created the read() operation can be used to transfer
it out of the kernel
SNAPSHOT_ATOMIC_RESTORE - restore the system memory state from the
uploaded snapshot image; before calling it you should transfer
the system memory snapshot back to the kernel using the write()
operation; this call will not succeed if the snapshot
image is not available to the kernel
SNAPSHOT_FREE - free memory allocated for the snapshot image
SNAPSHOT_SET_IMAGE_SIZE - set the preferred maximum size of the image
(the kernel will do its best to ensure the image size will not exceed
this number, but if it turns out to be impossible, the kernel will
create the smallest image possible)
SNAPSHOT_AVAIL_SWAP - return the amount of available swap in bytes (the last
argument should be a pointer to an unsigned int variable that will
contain the result if the call is successful).
SNAPSHOT_GET_SWAP_PAGE - allocate a swap page from the resume partition
(the last argument should be a pointer to a loff_t variable that
will contain the swap page offset if the call is successful)
SNAPSHOT_FREE_SWAP_PAGES - free all swap pages allocated with
SNAPSHOT_GET_SWAP_PAGE
SNAPSHOT_SET_SWAP_FILE - set the resume partition (the last ioctl() argument
should specify the device's major and minor numbers in the old
two-byte format, as returned by the stat() function in the .st_rdev
member of the stat structure); it is recommended to always use this
call, because the code to set the resume partition could be removed from
future kernels
The device's read() operation can be used to transfer the snapshot image from
the kernel. It has the following limitations:
- you cannot read() more than one virtual memory page at a time
- read()s accross page boundaries are impossible (ie. if ypu read() 1/2 of
a page in the previous call, you will only be able to read()
_at_ _most_ 1/2 of the page in the next call)
The device's write() operation is used for uploading the system memory snapshot
into the kernel. It has the same limitations as the read() operation.
The release() operation frees all memory allocated for the snapshot image
and all swap pages allocated with SNAPSHOT_GET_SWAP_PAGE (if any).
Thus it is not necessary to use either SNAPSHOT_FREE or
SNAPSHOT_FREE_SWAP_PAGES before closing the device (in fact it will also
unfreeze user space processes frozen by SNAPSHOT_UNFREEZE if they are
still frozen when the device is being closed).
Currently it is assumed that the userland utilities reading/writing the
snapshot image from/to the kernel will use a swap parition, called the resume
partition, as storage space. However, this is not really required, as they
can use, for example, a special (blank) suspend partition or a file on a partition
that is unmounted before SNAPSHOT_ATOMIC_SNAPSHOT and mounted afterwards.
These utilities SHOULD NOT make any assumptions regarding the ordering of
data within the snapshot image, except for the image header that MAY be
assumed to start with an swsusp_info structure, as specified in
kernel/power/power.h. This structure MAY be used by the userland utilities
to obtain some information about the snapshot image, such as the size
of the snapshot image, including the metadata and the header itself,
contained in the .size member of swsusp_info.
The snapshot image MUST be written to the kernel unaltered (ie. all of the image
data, metadata and header MUST be written in _exactly_ the same amount, form
and order in which they have been read). Otherwise, the behavior of the
resumed system may be totally unpredictable.
While executing SNAPSHOT_ATOMIC_RESTORE the kernel checks if the
structure of the snapshot image is consistent with the information stored
in the image header. If any inconsistencies are detected,
SNAPSHOT_ATOMIC_RESTORE will not succeed. Still, this is not a fool-proof
mechanism and the userland utilities using the interface SHOULD use additional
means, such as checksums, to ensure the integrity of the snapshot image.
The suspending and resuming utilities MUST lock themselves in memory,
preferrably using mlockall(), before calling SNAPSHOT_FREEZE.
The suspending utility MUST check the value stored by SNAPSHOT_ATOMIC_SNAPSHOT
in the memory location pointed to by the last argument of ioctl() and proceed
in accordance with it:
1. If the value is 1 (ie. the system memory snapshot has just been
created and the system is ready for saving it):
(a) The suspending utility MUST NOT close the snapshot device
_unless_ the whole suspend procedure is to be cancelled, in
which case, if the snapshot image has already been saved, the
suspending utility SHOULD destroy it, preferrably by zapping
its header. If the suspend is not to be cancelled, the
system MUST be powered off or rebooted after the snapshot
image has been saved.
(b) The suspending utility SHOULD NOT attempt to perform any
file system operations (including reads) on the file systems
that were mounted before SNAPSHOT_ATOMIC_SNAPSHOT has been
called. However, it MAY mount a file system that was not
mounted at that time and perform some operations on it (eg.
use it for saving the image).
2. If the value is 0 (ie. the system state has just been restored from
the snapshot image), the suspending utility MUST close the snapshot
device. Afterwards it will be treated as a regular userland process,
so it need not exit.
The resuming utility SHOULD NOT attempt to mount any file systems that could
be mounted before suspend and SHOULD NOT attempt to perform any operations
involving such file systems.
For details, please refer to the source code.

74
Documentation/power/video.txt
View File

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
Video issues with S3 resume
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
2003-2005, Pavel Machek
2003-2006, Pavel Machek
During S3 resume, hardware needs to be reinitialized. For most
devices, this is easy, and kernel driver knows how to do
@ -15,6 +15,27 @@ run normally so video card is normally initialized. It should not be
problem for S1 standby, because hardware should retain its state over
that.
We either have to run video BIOS during early resume, or interpret it
using vbetool later, or maybe nothing is neccessary on particular
system because video state is preserved. Unfortunately different
methods work on different systems, and no known method suits all of
them.
Userland application called s2ram has been developed; it contains long
whitelist of systems, and automatically selects working method for a
given system. It can be downloaded from CVS at
www.sf.net/projects/suspend . If you get a system that is not in the
whitelist, please try to find a working solution, and submit whitelist
entry so that work does not need to be repeated.
Currently, VBE_SAVE method (6 below) works on most
systems. Unfortunately, vbetool only runs after userland is resumed,
so it makes debugging of early resume problems
hard/impossible. Methods that do not rely on userland are preferable.
Details
~~~~~~~
There are a few types of systems where video works after S3 resume:
(1) systems where video state is preserved over S3.
@ -104,6 +125,7 @@ HP NX7000 ??? (*)
HP Pavilion ZD7000 vbetool post needed, need open-source nv driver for X
HP Omnibook XE3 athlon version none (1)
HP Omnibook XE3GC none (1), video is S3 Savage/IX-MV
HP Omnibook 5150 none (1), (S1 also works OK)
IBM TP T20, model 2647-44G none (1), video is S3 Inc. 86C270-294 Savage/IX-MV, vesafb gets "interesting" but X work.
IBM TP A31 / Type 2652-M5G s3_mode (3) [works ok with BIOS 1.04 2002-08-23, but not at all with BIOS 1.11 2004-11-05 :-(]
IBM TP R32 / Type 2658-MMG none (1)
@ -120,18 +142,24 @@ IBM ThinkPad T42p (2373-GTG) s3_bios (2)
IBM TP X20 ??? (*)
IBM TP X30 s3_bios (2)
IBM TP X31 / Type 2672-XXH none (1), use radeontool (http://fdd.com/software/radeon/) to turn off backlight.
IBM TP X32 none (1), but backlight is on and video is trashed after long suspend
IBM TP X32 none (1), but backlight is on and video is trashed after long suspend. s3_bios,s3_mode (4) works too. Perhaps that gets better results?
IBM Thinkpad X40 Type 2371-7JG s3_bios,s3_mode (4)
IBM TP 600e none(1), but a switch to console and back to X is needed
Medion MD4220 ??? (*)
Samsung P35 vbetool needed (6)
Sharp PC-AR10 (ATI rage) none (1)
Sharp PC-AR10 (ATI rage) none (1), backlight does not switch off
Sony Vaio PCG-C1VRX/K s3_bios (2)
Sony Vaio PCG-F403 ??? (*)
Sony Vaio PCG-GRT995MP none (1), works with 'nv' X driver
Sony Vaio PCG-GR7/K none (1), but needs radeonfb, use radeontool (http://fdd.com/software/radeon/) to turn off backlight.
Sony Vaio PCG-N505SN ??? (*)
Sony Vaio vgn-s260 X or boot-radeon can init it (5)
Sony Vaio vgn-S580BH vga=normal, but suspend from X. Console will be blank unless you return to X.
Sony Vaio vgn-FS115B s3_bios (2),s3_mode (4)
Toshiba Libretto L5 none (1)
Toshiba Satellite 4030CDT s3_mode (3)
Toshiba Satellite 4080XCDT s3_mode (3)
Toshiba Portege 3020CT s3_mode (3)
Toshiba Satellite 4030CDT s3_mode (3) (S1 also works OK)
Toshiba Satellite 4080XCDT s3_mode (3) (S1 also works OK)
Toshiba Satellite 4090XCDT ??? (*)
Toshiba Satellite P10-554 s3_bios,s3_mode (4)(****)
Toshiba M30 (2) xor X with nvidia driver using internal AGP
@ -151,39 +179,3 @@ Asus A7V8X nVidia RIVA TNT2 model 64 s3_bios,s3_mode (4)
(***) To be tested with a newer kernel.
(****) Not with SMP kernel, UP only.
VBEtool details
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(with thanks to Carl-Daniel Hailfinger)
First, boot into X and run the following script ONCE:
#!/bin/bash
statedir=/root/s3/state
mkdir -p $statedir
chvt 2
sleep 1
vbetool vbestate save >$statedir/vbe
To suspend and resume properly, call the following script as root:
#!/bin/bash
statedir=/root/s3/state
curcons=`fgconsole`
fuser /dev/tty$curcons 2>/dev/null|xargs ps -o comm= -p|grep -q X && chvt 2
cat /dev/vcsa >$statedir/vcsa
sync
echo 3 >/proc/acpi/sleep
sync
vbetool post
vbetool vbestate restore <$statedir/vbe
cat $statedir/vcsa >/dev/vcsa
rckbd restart
chvt $[curcons%6+1]
chvt $curcons
Unless you change your graphics card or other hardware configuration,
the state once saved will be OK for every resume afterwards.
NOTE: The "rckbd restart" command may be different for your
distribution. Simply replace it with the command you would use to
set the fonts on screen.

77
Documentation/powerpc/booting-without-of.txt
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@ -719,6 +719,11 @@ address which can extend beyond that limit.
- model : this is your board name/model
- #address-cells : address representation for "root" devices
- #size-cells: the size representation for "root" devices
- device_type : This property shouldn't be necessary. However, if
you decide to create a device_type for your root node, make sure it
is _not_ "chrp" unless your platform is a pSeries or PAPR compliant
one for 64-bit, or a CHRP-type machine for 32-bit as this will
matched by the kernel this way.
Additionally, some recommended properties are:
@ -1365,6 +1370,78 @@ platforms are moved over to use the flattened-device-tree model.
};
g) Freescale SOC SEC Security Engines
Required properties:
- device_type : Should be "crypto"
- model : Model of the device. Should be "SEC1" or "SEC2"
- compatible : Should be "talitos"
- reg : Offset and length of the register set for the device
- interrupts : <a b> where a is the interrupt number and b is a
field that represents an encoding of the sense and level
information for the interrupt. This should be encoded based on
the information in section 2) depending on the type of interrupt
controller you have.
- interrupt-parent : the phandle for the interrupt controller that
services interrupts for this device.
- num-channels : An integer representing the number of channels
available.
- channel-fifo-len : An integer representing the number of
descriptor pointers each channel fetch fifo can hold.
- exec-units-mask : The bitmask representing what execution units
(EUs) are available. It's a single 32 bit cell. EU information
should be encoded following the SEC's Descriptor Header Dword
EU_SEL0 field documentation, i.e. as follows:
bit 0 = reserved - should be 0
bit 1 = set if SEC has the ARC4 EU (AFEU)
bit 2 = set if SEC has the DES/3DES EU (DEU)
bit 3 = set if SEC has the message digest EU (MDEU)
bit 4 = set if SEC has the random number generator EU (RNG)
bit 5 = set if SEC has the public key EU (PKEU)
bit 6 = set if SEC has the AES EU (AESU)
bit 7 = set if SEC has the Kasumi EU (KEU)
bits 8 through 31 are reserved for future SEC EUs.
- descriptor-types-mask : The bitmask representing what descriptors
are available. It's a single 32 bit cell. Descriptor type
information should be encoded following the SEC's Descriptor
Header Dword DESC_TYPE field documentation, i.e. as follows:
bit 0 = set if SEC supports the aesu_ctr_nonsnoop desc. type
bit 1 = set if SEC supports the ipsec_esp descriptor type
bit 2 = set if SEC supports the common_nonsnoop desc. type
bit 3 = set if SEC supports the 802.11i AES ccmp desc. type
bit 4 = set if SEC supports the hmac_snoop_no_afeu desc. type
bit 5 = set if SEC supports the srtp descriptor type
bit 6 = set if SEC supports the non_hmac_snoop_no_afeu desc.type
bit 7 = set if SEC supports the pkeu_assemble descriptor type
bit 8 = set if SEC supports the aesu_key_expand_output desc.type
bit 9 = set if SEC supports the pkeu_ptmul descriptor type
bit 10 = set if SEC supports the common_nonsnoop_afeu desc. type
bit 11 = set if SEC supports the pkeu_ptadd_dbl descriptor type
..and so on and so forth.
Example:
/* MPC8548E */
crypto@30000 {
device_type = "crypto";
model = "SEC2";
compatible = "talitos";
reg = <30000 10000>;
interrupts = <1d 3>;
interrupt-parent = <40000>;
num-channels = <4>;
channel-fifo-len = <24>;
exec-units-mask = <000000fe>;
descriptor-types-mask = <073f1127>;
};
More devices will be defined as this spec matures.

15
Documentation/powerpc/eeh-pci-error-recovery.txt
View File

@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ accomplished.
EEH must be enabled in the PHB's very early during the boot process,
and if a PCI slot is hot-plugged. The former is performed by
eeh_init() in arch/ppc64/kernel/eeh.c, and the later by
eeh_init() in arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/eeh.c, and the later by
drivers/pci/hotplug/pSeries_pci.c calling in to the eeh.c code.
EEH must be enabled before a PCI scan of the device can proceed.
Current Power5 hardware will not work unless EEH is enabled;
@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ error. Given an arbitrary address, the routine
pci_get_device_by_addr() will find the pci device associated
with that address (if any).
The default include/asm-ppc64/io.h macros readb(), inb(), insb(),
The default include/asm-powerpc/io.h macros readb(), inb(), insb(),
etc. include a check to see if the i/o read returned all-0xff's.
If so, these make a call to eeh_dn_check_failure(), which in turn
asks the firmware if the all-ff's value is the sign of a true EEH
@ -143,11 +143,12 @@ seen in /proc/ppc64/eeh (subject to change). Normally, almost
all of these occur during boot, when the PCI bus is scanned, where
a large number of 0xff reads are part of the bus scan procedure.
If a frozen slot is detected, code in arch/ppc64/kernel/eeh.c will
print a stack trace to syslog (/var/log/messages). This stack trace
has proven to be very useful to device-driver authors for finding
out at what point the EEH error was detected, as the error itself
usually occurs slightly beforehand.
If a frozen slot is detected, code in
arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/eeh.c will print a stack trace to
syslog (/var/log/messages). This stack trace has proven to be very
useful to device-driver authors for finding out at what point the EEH
error was detected, as the error itself usually occurs slightly
beforehand.
Next, it uses the Linux kernel notifier chain/work queue mechanism to
allow any interested parties to find out about the failure. Device

4
Documentation/powerpc/hvcs.txt
View File

@ -558,9 +558,9 @@ partitions.
The proper channel for reporting bugs is either through the Linux OS
distribution company that provided your OS or by posting issues to the
ppc64 development mailing list at:
PowerPC development mailing list at:
linuxppc64-dev@lists.linuxppc.org
linuxppc-dev@ozlabs.org
This request is to provide a documented and searchable public exchange
of the problems and solutions surrounding this driver for the benefit of

182
Documentation/robust-futex-ABI.txt Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
Started by Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
The robust futex ABI
--------------------
Robust_futexes provide a mechanism that is used in addition to normal
futexes, for kernel assist of cleanup of held locks on task exit.
The interesting data as to what futexes a thread is holding is kept on a
linked list in user space, where it can be updated efficiently as locks
are taken and dropped, without kernel intervention. The only additional
kernel intervention required for robust_futexes above and beyond what is
required for futexes is:
1) a one time call, per thread, to tell the kernel where its list of
held robust_futexes begins, and
2) internal kernel code at exit, to handle any listed locks held
by the exiting thread.
The existing normal futexes already provide a "Fast Userspace Locking"
mechanism, which handles uncontested locking without needing a system
call, and handles contested locking by maintaining a list of waiting
threads in the kernel. Options on the sys_futex(2) system call support
waiting on a particular futex, and waking up the next waiter on a
particular futex.
For robust_futexes to work, the user code (typically in a library such
as glibc linked with the application) has to manage and place the
necessary list elements exactly as the kernel expects them. If it fails
to do so, then improperly listed locks will not be cleaned up on exit,
probably causing deadlock or other such failure of the other threads
waiting on the same locks.
A thread that anticipates possibly using robust_futexes should first
issue the system call:
asmlinkage long
sys_set_robust_list(struct robust_list_head __user *head, size_t len);
The pointer 'head' points to a structure in the threads address space
consisting of three words. Each word is 32 bits on 32 bit arch's, or 64
bits on 64 bit arch's, and local byte order. Each thread should have
its own thread private 'head'.
If a thread is running in 32 bit compatibility mode on a 64 native arch
kernel, then it can actually have two such structures - one using 32 bit
words for 32 bit compatibility mode, and one using 64 bit words for 64
bit native mode. The kernel, if it is a 64 bit kernel supporting 32 bit
compatibility mode, will attempt to process both lists on each task
exit, if the corresponding sys_set_robust_list() call has been made to
setup that list.
The first word in the memory structure at 'head' contains a
pointer to a single linked list of 'lock entries', one per lock,
as described below. If the list is empty, the pointer will point
to itself, 'head'. The last 'lock entry' points back to the 'head'.
The second word, called 'offset', specifies the offset from the
address of the associated 'lock entry', plus or minus, of what will
be called the 'lock word', from that 'lock entry'. The 'lock word'
is always a 32 bit word, unlike the other words above. The 'lock
word' holds 3 flag bits in the upper 3 bits, and the thread id (TID)
of the thread holding the lock in the bottom 29 bits. See further
below for a description of the flag bits.
The third word, called 'list_op_pending', contains transient copy of
the address of the 'lock entry', during list insertion and removal,
and is needed to correctly resolve races should a thread exit while
in the middle of a locking or unlocking operation.
Each 'lock entry' on the single linked list starting at 'head' consists
of just a single word, pointing to the next 'lock entry', or back to
'head' if there are no more entries. In addition, nearby to each 'lock
entry', at an offset from the 'lock entry' specified by the 'offset'
word, is one 'lock word'.
The 'lock word' is always 32 bits, and is intended to be the same 32 bit
lock variable used by the futex mechanism, in conjunction with
robust_futexes. The kernel will only be able to wakeup the next thread
waiting for a lock on a threads exit if that next thread used the futex
mechanism to register the address of that 'lock word' with the kernel.
For each futex lock currently held by a thread, if it wants this
robust_futex support for exit cleanup of that lock, it should have one
'lock entry' on this list, with its associated 'lock word' at the
specified 'offset'. Should a thread die while holding any such locks,
the kernel will walk this list, mark any such locks with a bit
indicating their holder died, and wakeup the next thread waiting for
that lock using the futex mechanism.
When a thread has invoked the above system call to indicate it
anticipates using robust_futexes, the kernel stores the passed in 'head'
pointer for that task. The task may retrieve that value later on by
using the system call:
asmlinkage long
sys_get_robust_list(int pid, struct robust_list_head __user **head_ptr,
size_t __user *len_ptr);
It is anticipated that threads will use robust_futexes embedded in
larger, user level locking structures, one per lock. The kernel
robust_futex mechanism doesn't care what else is in that structure, so
long as the 'offset' to the 'lock word' is the same for all
robust_futexes used by that thread. The thread should link those locks
it currently holds using the 'lock entry' pointers. It may also have
other links between the locks, such as the reverse side of a double
linked list, but that doesn't matter to the kernel.
By keeping its locks linked this way, on a list starting with a 'head'
pointer known to the kernel, the kernel can provide to a thread the
essential service available for robust_futexes, which is to help clean
up locks held at the time of (a perhaps unexpectedly) exit.
Actual locking and unlocking, during normal operations, is handled
entirely by user level code in the contending threads, and by the
existing futex mechanism to wait for, and wakeup, locks. The kernels
only essential involvement in robust_futexes is to remember where the
list 'head' is, and to walk the list on thread exit, handling locks
still held by the departing thread, as described below.
There may exist thousands of futex lock structures in a threads shared
memory, on various data structures, at a given point in time. Only those
lock structures for locks currently held by that thread should be on
that thread's robust_futex linked lock list a given time.
A given futex lock structure in a user shared memory region may be held
at different times by any of the threads with access to that region. The
thread currently holding such a lock, if any, is marked with the threads
TID in the lower 29 bits of the 'lock word'.
When adding or removing a lock from its list of held locks, in order for
the kernel to correctly handle lock cleanup regardless of when the task
exits (perhaps it gets an unexpected signal 9 in the middle of
manipulating this list), the user code must observe the following
protocol on 'lock entry' insertion and removal:
On insertion:
1) set the 'list_op_pending' word to the address of the 'lock word'
to be inserted,
2) acquire the futex lock,
3) add the lock entry, with its thread id (TID) in the bottom 29 bits
of the 'lock word', to the linked list starting at 'head', and
4) clear the 'list_op_pending' word.
On removal:
1) set the 'list_op_pending' word to the address of the 'lock word'
to be removed,
2) remove the lock entry for this lock from the 'head' list,
2) release the futex lock, and
2) clear the 'lock_op_pending' word.
On exit, the kernel will consider the address stored in
'list_op_pending' and the address of each 'lock word' found by walking
the list starting at 'head'. For each such address, if the bottom 29
bits of the 'lock word' at offset 'offset' from that address equals the
exiting threads TID, then the kernel will do two things:
1) if bit 31 (0x80000000) is set in that word, then attempt a futex
wakeup on that address, which will waken the next thread that has
used to the futex mechanism to wait on that address, and
2) atomically set bit 30 (0x40000000) in the 'lock word'.
In the above, bit 31 was set by futex waiters on that lock to indicate
they were waiting, and bit 30 is set by the kernel to indicate that the
lock owner died holding the lock.
The kernel exit code will silently stop scanning the list further if at
any point:
1) the 'head' pointer or an subsequent linked list pointer
is not a valid address of a user space word
2) the calculated location of the 'lock word' (address plus
'offset') is not the valud address of a 32 bit user space
word
3) if the list contains more than 1 million (subject to
future kernel configuration changes) elements.
When the kernel sees a list entry whose 'lock word' doesn't have the
current threads TID in the lower 29 bits, it does nothing with that
entry, and goes on to the next entry.
Bit 29 (0x20000000) of the 'lock word' is reserved for future use.

218
Documentation/robust-futexes.txt Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
Started by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Background
----------
what are robust futexes? To answer that, we first need to understand
what futexes are: normal futexes are special types of locks that in the
noncontended case can be acquired/released from userspace without having
to enter the kernel.
A futex is in essence a user-space address, e.g. a 32-bit lock variable
field. If userspace notices contention (the lock is already owned and
someone else wants to grab it too) then the lock is marked with a value
that says "there's a waiter pending", and the sys_futex(FUTEX_WAIT)
syscall is used to wait for the other guy to release it. The kernel
creates a 'futex queue' internally, so that it can later on match up the
waiter with the waker - without them having to know about each other.
When the owner thread releases the futex, it notices (via the variable
value) that there were waiter(s) pending, and does the
sys_futex(FUTEX_WAKE) syscall to wake them up. Once all waiters have
taken and released the lock, the futex is again back to 'uncontended'
state, and there's no in-kernel state associated with it. The kernel
completely forgets that there ever was a futex at that address. This
method makes futexes very lightweight and scalable.
"Robustness" is about dealing with crashes while holding a lock: if a
process exits prematurely while holding a pthread_mutex_t lock that is
also shared with some other process (e.g. yum segfaults while holding a
pthread_mutex_t, or yum is kill -9-ed), then waiters for that lock need
to be notified that the last owner of the lock exited in some irregular
way.
To solve such types of problems, "robust mutex" userspace APIs were
created: pthread_mutex_lock() returns an error value if the owner exits
prematurely - and the new owner can decide whether the data protected by
the lock can be recovered safely.
There is a big conceptual problem with futex based mutexes though: it is
the kernel that destroys the owner task (e.g. due to a SEGFAULT), but
the kernel cannot help with the cleanup: if there is no 'futex queue'
(and in most cases there is none, futexes being fast lightweight locks)
then the kernel has no information to clean up after the held lock!
Userspace has no chance to clean up after the lock either - userspace is
the one that crashes, so it has no opportunity to clean up. Catch-22.
In practice, when e.g. yum is kill -9-ed (or segfaults), a system reboot
is needed to release that futex based lock. This is one of the leading
bugreports against yum.
To solve this problem, the traditional approach was to extend the vma
(virtual memory area descriptor) concept to have a notion of 'pending
robust futexes attached to this area'. This approach requires 3 new
syscall variants to sys_futex(): FUTEX_REGISTER, FUTEX_DEREGISTER and
FUTEX_RECOVER. At do_exit() time, all vmas are searched to see whether
they have a robust_head set. This approach has two fundamental problems
left:
- it has quite complex locking and race scenarios. The vma-based
approach had been pending for years, but they are still not completely
reliable.
- they have to scan _every_ vma at sys_exit() time, per thread!
The second disadvantage is a real killer: pthread_exit() takes around 1
microsecond on Linux, but with thousands (or tens of thousands) of vmas
every pthread_exit() takes a millisecond or more, also totally
destroying the CPU's L1 and L2 caches!
This is very much noticeable even for normal process sys_exit_group()
calls: the kernel has to do the vma scanning unconditionally! (this is
because the kernel has no knowledge about how many robust futexes there
are to be cleaned up, because a robust futex might have been registered
in another task, and the futex variable might have been simply mmap()-ed
into this process's address space).
This huge overhead forced the creation of CONFIG_FUTEX_ROBUST so that
normal kernels can turn it off, but worse than that: the overhead makes
robust futexes impractical for any type of generic Linux distribution.
So something had to be done.
New approach to robust futexes
------------------------------
At the heart of this new approach there is a per-thread private list of
robust locks that userspace is holding (maintained by glibc) - which
userspace list is registered with the kernel via a new syscall [this
registration happens at most once per thread lifetime]. At do_exit()
time, the kernel checks this user-space list: are there any robust futex
locks to be cleaned up?
In the common case, at do_exit() time, there is no list registered, so
the cost of robust futexes is just a simple current->robust_list != NULL
comparison. If the thread has registered a list, then normally the list
is empty. If the thread/process crashed or terminated in some incorrect
way then the list might be non-empty: in this case the kernel carefully
walks the list [not trusting it], and marks all locks that are owned by
this thread with the FUTEX_OWNER_DEAD bit, and wakes up one waiter (if
any).
The list is guaranteed to be private and per-thread at do_exit() time,
so it can be accessed by the kernel in a lockless way.
There is one race possible though: since adding to and removing from the
list is done after the futex is acquired by glibc, there is a few
instructions window for the thread (or process) to die there, leaving
the futex hung. To protect against this possibility, userspace (glibc)
also maintains a simple per-thread 'list_op_pending' field, to allow the
kernel to clean up if the thread dies after acquiring the lock, but just
before it could have added itself to the list. Glibc sets this
list_op_pending field before it tries to acquire the futex, and clears
it after the list-add (or list-remove) has finished.
That's all that is needed - all the rest of robust-futex cleanup is done
in userspace [just like with the previous patches].
Ulrich Drepper has implemented the necessary glibc support for this new
mechanism, which fully enables robust mutexes.
Key differences of this userspace-list based approach, compared to the
vma based method:
- it's much, much faster: at thread exit time, there's no need to loop
over every vma (!), which the VM-based method has to do. Only a very
simple 'is the list empty' op is done.
- no VM changes are needed - 'struct address_space' is left alone.
- no registration of individual locks is needed: robust mutexes dont
need any extra per-lock syscalls. Robust mutexes thus become a very
lightweight primitive - so they dont force the application designer
to do a hard choice between performance and robustness - robust
mutexes are just as fast.
- no per-lock kernel allocation happens.
- no resource limits are needed.
- no kernel-space recovery call (FUTEX_RECOVER) is needed.
- the implementation and the locking is "obvious", and there are no
interactions with the VM.
Performance
-----------
I have benchmarked the time needed for the kernel to process a list of 1
million (!) held locks, using the new method [on a 2GHz CPU]:
- with FUTEX_WAIT set [contended mutex]: 130 msecs
- without FUTEX_WAIT set [uncontended mutex]: 30 msecs
I have also measured an approach where glibc does the lock notification
[which it currently does for !pshared robust mutexes], and that took 256
msecs - clearly slower, due to the 1 million FUTEX_WAKE syscalls
userspace had to do.
(1 million held locks are unheard of - we expect at most a handful of
locks to be held at a time. Nevertheless it's nice to know that this
approach scales nicely.)
Implementation details
----------------------
The patch adds two new syscalls: one to register the userspace list, and
one to query the registered list pointer:
asmlinkage long
sys_set_robust_list(struct robust_list_head __user *head,
size_t len);
asmlinkage long
sys_get_robust_list(int pid, struct robust_list_head __user **head_ptr,
size_t __user *len_ptr);
List registration is very fast: the pointer is simply stored in
current->robust_list. [Note that in the future, if robust futexes become
widespread, we could extend sys_clone() to register a robust-list head
for new threads, without the need of another syscall.]
So there is virtually zero overhead for tasks not using robust futexes,
and even for robust futex users, there is only one extra syscall per
thread lifetime, and the cleanup operation, if it happens, is fast and
straightforward. The kernel doesnt have any internal distinction between
robust and normal futexes.
If a futex is found to be held at exit time, the kernel sets the
following bit of the futex word:
#define FUTEX_OWNER_DIED 0x40000000
and wakes up the next futex waiter (if any). User-space does the rest of
the cleanup.
Otherwise, robust futexes are acquired by glibc by putting the TID into
the futex field atomically. Waiters set the FUTEX_WAITERS bit:
#define FUTEX_WAITERS 0x80000000
and the remaining bits are for the TID.
Testing, architecture support
-----------------------------
i've tested the new syscalls on x86 and x86_64, and have made sure the
parsing of the userspace list is robust [ ;-) ] even if the list is
deliberately corrupted.
i386 and x86_64 syscalls are wired up at the moment, and Ulrich has
tested the new glibc code (on x86_64 and i386), and it works for his
robust-mutex testcases.
All other architectures should build just fine too - but they wont have
the new syscalls yet.
Architectures need to implement the new futex_atomic_cmpxchg_inatomic()
inline function before writing up the syscalls (that function returns
-ENOSYS right now).

119
Documentation/rpc-cache.txt
View File

@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
This document gives a brief introduction to the caching
This document gives a brief introduction to the caching
mechanisms in the sunrpc layer that is used, in particular,
for NFS authentication.
@ -25,25 +25,17 @@ The common code handles such things as:
- supporting 'NEGATIVE' as well as positive entries
- allowing an EXPIRED time on cache items, and removing
items after they expire, and are no longe in-use.
Future code extensions are expect to handle
- making requests to user-space to fill in cache entries
- allowing user-space to directly set entries in the cache
- delaying RPC requests that depend on as-yet incomplete
cache entries, and replaying those requests when the cache entry
is complete.
- maintaining last-access times on cache entries
- clean out old entries when the caches become full
The code for performing a cache lookup is also common, but in the form
of a template. i.e. a #define.
Each cache defines a lookup function by using the DefineCacheLookup
macro, or the simpler DefineSimpleCacheLookup macro
- clean out old entries as they expire.
Creating a Cache
----------------
1/ A cache needs a datum to cache. This is in the form of a
1/ A cache needs a datum to store. This is in the form of a
structure definition that must contain a
struct cache_head
as an element, usually the first.
@ -51,35 +43,69 @@ Creating a Cache
Each cache element is reference counted and contains
expiry and update times for use in cache management.
2/ A cache needs a "cache_detail" structure that
describes the cache. This stores the hash table, and some
parameters for cache management.
3/ A cache needs a lookup function. This is created using
the DefineCacheLookup macro. This lookup function is used both
to find entries and to update entries. The normal mode for
updating an entry is to replace the old entry with a new
entry. However it is possible to allow update-in-place
for those caches where it makes sense (no atomicity issues
or indirect reference counting issue)
4/ A cache needs to be registered using cache_register(). This
includes in on a list of caches that will be regularly
cleaned to discard old data. For this to work, some
thread must periodically call cache_clean
describes the cache. This stores the hash table, some
parameters for cache management, and some operations detailing how
to work with particular cache items.
The operations requires are:
struct cache_head *alloc(void)
This simply allocates appropriate memory and returns
a pointer to the cache_detail embedded within the
structure
void cache_put(struct kref *)
This is called when the last reference to an item is
is dropped. The pointer passed is to the 'ref' field
in the cache_head. cache_put should release any
references create by 'cache_init' and, if CACHE_VALID
is set, any references created by cache_update.
It should then release the memory allocated by
'alloc'.
int match(struct cache_head *orig, struct cache_head *new)
test if the keys in the two structures match. Return
1 if they do, 0 if they don't.
void init(struct cache_head *orig, struct cache_head *new)
Set the 'key' fields in 'new' from 'orig'. This may
include taking references to shared objects.
void update(struct cache_head *orig, struct cache_head *new)
Set the 'content' fileds in 'new' from 'orig'.
int cache_show(struct seq_file *m, struct cache_detail *cd,
struct cache_head *h)
Optional. Used to provide a /proc file that lists the
contents of a cache. This should show one item,
usually on just one line.
int cache_request(struct cache_detail *cd, struct cache_head *h,
char **bpp, int *blen)
Format a request to be send to user-space for an item
to be instantiated. *bpp is a buffer of size *blen.
bpp should be moved forward over the encoded message,
and *blen should be reduced to show how much free
space remains. Return 0 on success or <0 if not
enough room or other problem.
int cache_parse(struct cache_detail *cd, char *buf, int len)
A message from user space has arrived to fill out a
cache entry. It is in 'buf' of length 'len'.
cache_parse should parse this, find the item in the
cache with sunrpc_cache_lookup, and update the item
with sunrpc_cache_update.
3/ A cache needs to be registered using cache_register(). This
includes it on a list of caches that will be regularly
cleaned to discard old data.
Using a cache
-------------
To find a value in a cache, call the lookup function passing it a the
datum which contains key, and possibly content, and a flag saying
whether to update the cache with new data from the datum. Depending
on how the cache lookup function was defined, it may take an extra
argument to identify the particular cache in question.
To find a value in a cache, call sunrpc_cache_lookup passing a pointer
to the cache_head in a sample item with the 'key' fields filled in.
This will be passed to ->match to identify the target entry. If no
entry is found, a new entry will be create, added to the cache, and
marked as not containing valid data.
Except in cases of kmalloc failure, the lookup function
will return a new datum which will store the key and
may contain valid content, or may not.
This datum is typically passed to cache_check which determines the
validity of the datum and may later initiate an upcall to fill
in the data.
The item returned is typically passed to cache_check which will check
if the data is valid, and may initiate an up-call to get fresh data.
cache_check will return -ENOENT in the entry is negative or if an up
call is needed but not possible, -EAGAIN if an upcall is pending,
or 0 if the data is valid;
cache_check can be passed a "struct cache_req *". This structure is
typically embedded in the actual request and can be used to create a
@ -90,6 +116,13 @@ item does become valid, the deferred copy of the request will be
revisited (->revisit). It is expected that this method will
reschedule the request for processing.
The value returned by sunrpc_cache_lookup can also be passed to
sunrpc_cache_update to set the content for the item. A second item is
passed which should hold the content. If the item found by _lookup
has valid data, then it is discarded and a new item is created. This
saves any user of an item from worrying about content changing while
it is being inspected. If the item found by _lookup does not contain
valid data, then the content is copied across and CACHE_VALID is set.
Populating a cache
------------------
@ -114,8 +147,8 @@ should be create or updated to have the given content, and the
expiry time should be set on that item.
Reading from a channel is a bit more interesting. When a cache
lookup fail, or when it suceeds but finds an entry that may soon
expiry, a request is lodged for that cache item to be updated by
lookup fails, or when it succeeds but finds an entry that may soon
expire, a request is lodged for that cache item to be updated by
user-space. These requests appear in the channel file.
Successive reads will return successive requests.
@ -130,7 +163,7 @@ Thus a user-space helper is likely to:
write a response
loop.
If it dies and needs to be restarted, any requests that have not be
If it dies and needs to be restarted, any requests that have not been
answered will still appear in the file and will be read by the new
instance of the helper.
@ -142,10 +175,9 @@ Each cache should also define a "cache_request" method which
takes a cache item and encodes a request into the buffer
provided.
Note: If a cache has no active readers on the channel, and has had not
active readers for more than 60 seconds, further requests will not be
added to the channel but instead all looks that do not find a valid
added to the channel but instead all lookups that do not find a valid
entry will fail. This is partly for backward compatibility: The
previous nfs exports table was deemed to be authoritative and a
failed lookup meant a definite 'no'.
@ -154,18 +186,17 @@ request/response format
-----------------------
While each cache is free to use it's own format for requests
and responses over channel, the following is recommended are
and responses over channel, the following is recommended as
appropriate and support routines are available to help:
Each request or response record should be printable ASCII
with precisely one newline character which should be at the end.
Fields within the record should be separated by spaces, normally one.
If spaces, newlines, or nul characters are needed in a field they
much be quotes. two mechanisms are available:
much be quoted. two mechanisms are available:
1/ If a field begins '\x' then it must contain an even number of
hex digits, and pairs of these digits provide the bytes in the
field.
2/ otherwise a \ in the field must be followed by 3 octal digits
which give the code for a byte. Other characters are treated
as them selves. At the very least, space, newlines nul, and
as them selves. At the very least, space, newline, nul, and
'\' must be quoted in this way.

15
Documentation/s390/driver-model.txt
View File

@ -16,10 +16,12 @@ devices/
- 0.0.0000/0.0.0815/
- 0.0.0001/0.0.4711/
- 0.0.0002/
- 0.1.0000/0.1.1234/
...
In this example, device 0815 is accessed via subchannel 0, device 4711 via
subchannel 1, and subchannel 2 is a non-I/O subchannel.
In this example, device 0815 is accessed via subchannel 0 in subchannel set 0,
device 4711 via subchannel 1 in subchannel set 0, and subchannel 2 is a non-I/O
subchannel. Device 1234 is accessed via subchannel 0 in subchannel set 1.
You should address a ccw device via its bus id (e.g. 0.0.4711); the device can
be found under bus/ccw/devices/.
@ -97,7 +99,7 @@ is not available to the device driver.
Each driver should declare in a MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE into which CU types/models
and/or device types/models it is interested. This information can later be found
found in the struct ccw_device_id fields:
in the struct ccw_device_id fields:
struct ccw_device_id {
__u16 match_flags;
@ -208,6 +210,11 @@ Each ccwgroup device also provides an 'ungroup' attribute to destroy the device
again (only when offline). This is a generic ccwgroup mechanism (the driver does
not need to implement anything beyond normal removal routines).
A ccw device which is a member of a ccwgroup device carries a pointer to the
ccwgroup device in the driver_data of its device struct. This field must not be
touched by the driver - it should use the ccwgroup device's driver_data for its
private data.
To implement a ccwgroup driver, please refer to include/asm/ccwgroup.h. Keep in
mind that most drivers will need to implement both a ccwgroup and a ccw driver
(unless you have a meta ccw driver, like cu3088 for lcs and ctc).
@ -230,6 +237,8 @@ status - Can be 'online' or 'offline'.
a channel path the user knows to be online, but the machine hasn't
created a machine check for.
type - The physical type of the channel path.
3. System devices
-----------------

11
Documentation/serial-console.txt
View File

@ -17,11 +17,13 @@ The format of this option is:
ttyX for any other virtual console
ttySx for a serial port
lp0 for the first parallel port
ttyUSB0 for the first USB serial device
options: depend on the driver. For the serial port this
defines the baudrate/parity/bits of the port,
in the format BBBBPN, where BBBB is the speed,
P is parity (n/o/e), and N is bits. Default is
defines the baudrate/parity/bits/flow control of
the port, in the format BBBBPNF, where BBBB is the
speed, P is parity (n/o/e), N is number of bits,
and F is flow control ('r' for RTS). Default is
9600n8. The maximum baudrate is 115200.
You can specify multiple console= options on the kernel command line.
@ -45,6 +47,9 @@ become the console.
You will need to create a new device to use /dev/console. The official
/dev/console is now character device 5,1.
(You can also use a network device as a console. See
Documentation/networking/netconsole.txt for information on that.)
Here's an example that will use /dev/ttyS1 (COM2) as the console.
Replace the sample values as needed.

4
Documentation/smart-config.txt
View File

@ -56,10 +56,6 @@ Here is the solution:
writing one file per option. It updates only the files for options
that have changed.
mkdep.c no longer generates warning messages for missing or unneeded
<linux/config.h> lines. The new top-level target 'make checkconfig'
checks for these problems.
Flag Dependencies
Martin Von Loewis contributed another feature to this patch:

71
Documentation/sound/alsa/ALSA-Configuration.txt
View File

@ -513,6 +513,8 @@ Prior to version 0.9.0rc4 options had a 'snd_' prefix. This was removed.
This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
The power-management is supported.
Module snd-ens1371
------------------
@ -526,6 +528,8 @@ Prior to version 0.9.0rc4 options had a 'snd_' prefix. This was removed.
This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
The power-management is supported.
Module snd-es968
----------------
@ -671,6 +675,8 @@ Prior to version 0.9.0rc4 options had a 'snd_' prefix. This was removed.
model - force the model name
position_fix - Fix DMA pointer (0 = auto, 1 = none, 2 = POSBUF, 3 = FIFO size)
single_cmd - Use single immediate commands to communicate with
codecs (for debugging only)
This module supports one card and autoprobe.
@ -694,13 +700,34 @@ Prior to version 0.9.0rc4 options had a 'snd_' prefix. This was removed.
asus 3-jack
uniwill 3-jack
F1734 2-jack
lg LG laptop (m1 express dual)
test for testing/debugging purpose, almost all controls can be
adjusted. Appearing only when compiled with
$CONFIG_SND_DEBUG=y
auto auto-config reading BIOS (default)
ALC260
hp HP machines
fujitsu Fujitsu S7020
acer Acer TravelMate
basic fixed pin assignment (old default model)
auto auto-config reading BIOS (default)
ALC262
fujitsu Fujitsu Laptop
basic fixed pin assignment w/o SPDIF
auto auto-config reading BIOS (default)
ALC882/883/885
3stack-dig 3-jack with SPDIF I/O
6stck-dig 6-jack digital with SPDIF I/O
auto auto-config reading BIOS (default)
ALC861
3stack 3-jack
3stack-dig 3-jack with SPDIF I/O
6stack-dig 6-jack with SPDIF I/O
auto auto-config reading BIOS (default)
CMI9880
minimal 3-jack in back
@ -710,6 +737,28 @@ Prior to version 0.9.0rc4 options had a 'snd_' prefix. This was removed.
allout 5-jack in back, 2-jack in front, SPDIF out
auto auto-config reading BIOS (default)
AD1981
basic 3-jack (default)
hp HP nx6320
AD1986A
6stack 6-jack, separate surrounds (default)
3stack 3-stack, shared surrounds
laptop 2-channel only (FSC V2060, Samsung M50)
laptop-eapd 2-channel with EAPD (Samsung R65, ASUS A6J)
AD1988
6stack 6-jack
6stack-dig ditto with SPDIF
3stack 3-jack
3stack-dig ditto with SPDIF
laptop 3-jack with hp-jack automute
laptop-dig ditto with SPDIF
auto auto-confgi reading BIOS (default)
STAC7661(?)
vaio Setup for VAIO FE550G/SZ110
If the default configuration doesn't work and one of the above
matches with your device, report it together with the PCI
subsystem ID (output of "lspci -nv") to ALSA BTS or alsa-devel
@ -723,6 +772,17 @@ Prior to version 0.9.0rc4 options had a 'snd_' prefix. This was removed.
(Usually SD_LPLIB register is more accurate than the
position buffer.)
NB: If you get many "azx_get_response timeout" messages at
loading, it's likely a problem of interrupts (e.g. ACPI irq
routing). Try to boot with options like "pci=noacpi". Also, you
can try "single_cmd=1" module option. This will switch the
communication method between HDA controller and codecs to the
single immediate commands instead of CORB/RIRB. Basically, the
single command mode is provided only for BIOS, and you won't get
unsolicited events, too. But, at least, this works independently
from the irq. Remember this is a last resort, and should be
avoided as much as possible...
The power-management is supported.
Module snd-hdsp
@ -802,6 +862,7 @@ Prior to version 0.9.0rc4 options had a 'snd_' prefix. This was removed.
------------------
Module for Envy24HT (VT/ICE1724), Envy24PT (VT1720) based PCI sound cards.
* MidiMan M Audio Revolution 5.1
* MidiMan M Audio Revolution 7.1
* AMP Ltd AUDIO2000
* TerraTec Aureon 5.1 Sky
@ -810,6 +871,7 @@ Prior to version 0.9.0rc4 options had a 'snd_' prefix. This was removed.
* TerraTec Phase 22
* TerraTec Phase 28
* AudioTrak Prodigy 7.1
* AudioTrak Prodigy 7.1LT
* AudioTrak Prodigy 192
* Pontis MS300
* Albatron K8X800 Pro II
@ -820,9 +882,9 @@ Prior to version 0.9.0rc4 options had a 'snd_' prefix. This was removed.
* Shuttle SN25P
model - Use the given board model, one of the following:
revo71, amp2000, prodigy71, prodigy192, aureon51,
aureon71, universe, k8x800, phase22, phase28, ms300,
av710
revo51, revo71, amp2000, prodigy71, prodigy71lt,
prodigy192, aureon51, aureon71, universe,
k8x800, phase22, phase28, ms300, av710
This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
@ -1353,6 +1415,9 @@ Prior to version 0.9.0rc4 options had a 'snd_' prefix. This was removed.
vid - Vendor ID for the device (optional)
pid - Product ID for the device (optional)
device_setup - Device specific magic number (optional)
- Influence depends on the device
- Default: 0x0000
This module supports multiple devices, autoprobe and hotplugging.

333
Documentation/sound/alsa/Audiophile-Usb.txt Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,333 @@
Guide to using M-Audio Audiophile USB with ALSA and Jack v1.2
========================================================
Thibault Le Meur <Thibault.LeMeur@supelec.fr>
This document is a guide to using the M-Audio Audiophile USB (tm) device with
ALSA and JACK.
1 - Audiophile USB Specs and correct usage
==========================================
This part is a reminder of important facts about the functions and limitations
of the device.
The device has 4 audio interfaces, and 2 MIDI ports:
* Analog Stereo Input (Ai)
- This port supports 2 pairs of line-level audio inputs (1/4" TS and RCA)
- When the 1/4" TS (jack) connectors are connected, the RCA connectors
are disabled
* Analog Stereo Output (Ao)
* Digital Stereo Input (Di)
* Digital Stereo Output (Do)
* Midi In (Mi)
* Midi Out (Mo)
The internal DAC/ADC has the following caracteristics:
* sample depth of 16 or 24 bits
* sample rate from 8kHz to 96kHz
* Two ports can't use different sample depths at the same time.Moreover, the
Audiophile USB documentation gives the following Warning: "Please exit any
audio application running before switching between bit depths"
Due to the USB 1.1 bandwidth limitation, a limited number of interfaces can be
activated at the same time depending on the audio mode selected:
* 16-bit/48kHz ==> 4 channels in/ 4 channels out
- Ai+Ao+Di+Do
* 24-bit/48kHz ==> 4 channels in/2 channels out,
or 2 channels in/4 channels out
- Ai+Ao+Do or Ai+Di+Ao or Ai+Di+Do or Di+Ao+Do
* 24-bit/96kHz ==> 2 channels in, or 2 channels out (half duplex only)
- Ai or Ao or Di or Do
Important facts about the Digital interface:
--------------------------------------------
* The Do port additionnaly supports surround-encoded AC-3 and DTS passthrough,
though I haven't tested it under linux
- Note that in this setup only the Do interface can be enabled
* Apart from recording an audio digital stream, enabling the Di port is a way
to synchronize the device to an external sample clock
- As a consequence, the Di port must be enable only if an active Digital
source is connected
- Enabling Di when no digital source is connected can result in a
synchronization error (for instance sound played at an odd sample rate)
2 - Audiophile USB support in ALSA
==================================
2.1 - MIDI ports
----------------
The Audiophile USB MIDI ports will be automatically supported once the
following modules have been loaded:
* snd-usb-audio
* snd-seq
* snd-seq-midi
No additionnal setting is required.
2.2 - Audio ports
-----------------
Audio functions of the Audiophile USB device are handled by the snd-usb-audio
module. This module can work in a default mode (without any device-specific
parameter), or in an advanced mode with the device-specific parameter called
"device_setup".
2.2.1 - Default Alsa driver mode
The default behaviour of the snd-usb-audio driver is to parse the device
capabilities at startup and enable all functions inside the device (including
all ports at any sample rates and any sample depths supported). This approach
has the advantage to let the driver easily switch from sample rates/depths
automatically according to the need of the application claiming the device.
In this case the Audiophile ports are mapped to alsa pcm devices in the
following way (I suppose the device's index is 1):
* hw:1,0 is Ao in playback and Di in capture
* hw:1,1 is Do in playback and Ai in capture
* hw:1,2 is Do in AC3/DTS passthrough mode
You must note as well that the device uses Big Endian byte encoding so that
supported audio format are S16_BE for 16-bit depth modes and S24_3BE for
24-bits depth mode. One exception is the hw:1,2 port which is Little Endian
compliant and thus uses S16_LE.
Examples:
* playing a S24_3BE encoded raw file to the Ao port
% aplay -D hw:1,0 -c2 -t raw -r48000 -fS24_3BE test.raw
* recording a S24_3BE encoded raw file from the Ai port
% arecord -D hw:1,1 -c2 -t raw -r48000 -fS24_3BE test.raw
* playing a S16_BE encoded raw file to the Do port
% aplay -D hw:1,1 -c2 -t raw -r48000 -fS16_BE test.raw
If you're happy with the default Alsa driver setup and don't experience any
issue with this mode, then you can skip the following chapter.
2.2.2 - Advanced module setup
Due to the hardware constraints described above, the device initialization made
by the Alsa driver in default mode may result in a corrupted state of the
device. For instance, a particularly annoying issue is that the sound captured
from the Ai port sounds distorted (as if boosted with an excessive high volume
gain).
For people having this problem, the snd-usb-audio module has a new module
parameter called "device_setup".
2.2.2.1 - Initializing the working mode of the Audiohile USB
As far as the Audiohile USB device is concerned, this value let the user
specify:
* the sample depth
* the sample rate
* whether the Di port is used or not
Here is a list of supported device_setup values for this device:
* device_setup=0x00 (or omitted)
- Alsa driver default mode
- maintains backward compatibility with setups that do not use this
parameter by not introducing any change
- results sometimes in corrupted sound as decribed earlier
* device_setup=0x01
- 16bits 48kHz mode with Di disabled
- Ai,Ao,Do can be used at the same time
- hw:1,0 is not available in capture mode
- hw:1,2 is not available
* device_setup=0x11
- 16bits 48kHz mode with Di enabled
- Ai,Ao,Di,Do can be used at the same time
- hw:1,0 is available in capture mode
- hw:1,2 is not available
* device_setup=0x09
- 24bits 48kHz mode with Di disabled
- Ai,Ao,Do can be used at the same time
- hw:1,0 is not available in capture mode
- hw:1,2 is not available
* device_setup=0x19
- 24bits 48kHz mode with Di enabled
- 3 ports from {Ai,Ao,Di,Do} can be used at the same time
- hw:1,0 is available in capture mode and an active digital source must be
connected to Di
- hw:1,2 is not available
* device_setup=0x0D or 0x10
- 24bits 96kHz mode
- Di is enabled by default for this mode but does not need to be connected
to an active source
- Only 1 port from {Ai,Ao,Di,Do} can be used at the same time
- hw:1,0 is available in captured mode
- hw:1,2 is not available
* device_setup=0x03
- 16bits 48kHz mode with only the Do port enabled
- AC3 with DTS passthru (not tested)
- Caution with this setup the Do port is mapped to the pcm device hw:1,0
2.2.2.2 - Setting and switching configurations with the device_setup parameter
The parameter can be given:
* By manually probing the device (as root):
# modprobe -r snd-usb-audio
# modprobe snd-usb-audio index=1 device_setup=0x09
* Or while configuring the modules options in your modules configuration file
- For Fedora distributions, edit the /etc/modprobe.conf file:
alias snd-card-1 snd-usb-audio
options snd-usb-audio index=1 device_setup=0x09
IMPORTANT NOTE WHEN SWITCHING CONFIGURATION:
-------------------------------------------
* You may need to _first_ intialize the module with the correct device_setup
parameter and _only_after_ turn on the Audiophile USB device
* This is especially true when switching the sample depth:
- first trun off the device
- de-register the snd-usb-audio module
- change the device_setup parameter (by either manually reprobing the module
or changing modprobe.conf)
- turn on the device
2.2.2.3 - Audiophile USB's device_setup structure
If you want to understand the device_setup magic numbers for the Audiophile
USB, you need some very basic understanding of binary computation. However,
this is not required to use the parameter and you may skip thi section.
The device_setup is one byte long and its structure is the following:
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| b7| b6| b5| b4| b3| b2| b1| b0|
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| 0 | 0 | 0 | Di|24B|96K|DTS|SET|
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
Where:
* b0 is the "SET" bit
- it MUST be set if device_setup is initialized
* b1 is the "DTS" bit
- it is set only for Digital output with DTS/AC3
- this setup is not tested
* b2 is the Rate selection flag
- When set to "1" the rate range is 48.1-96kHz
- Otherwise the sample rate range is 8-48kHz
* b3 is the bit depth selection flag
- When set to "1" samples are 24bits long
- Otherwise they are 16bits long
- Note that b2 implies b3 as the 96kHz mode is only supported for 24 bits
samples
* b4 is the Digital input flag
- When set to "1" the device assumes that an active digital source is
connected
- You shouldn't enable Di if no source is seen on the port (this leads to
synchronization issues)
- b4 is implied by b2 (since only one port is enabled at a time no synch
error can occur)
* b5 to b7 are reserved for future uses, and must be set to "0"
- might become Ao, Do, Ai, for b7, b6, b4 respectively
Caution:
* there is no check on the value you will give to device_setup
- for instance choosing 0x05 (16bits 96kHz) will fail back to 0x09 since
b2 implies b3. But _there_will_be_no_warning_ in /var/log/messages
* Hardware constraints due to the USB bus limitation aren't checked
- choosing b2 will prepare all interfaces for 24bits/96kHz but you'll
only be able to use one at the same time
2.2.3 - USB implementation details for this device
You may safely skip this section if you're not interrested in driver
development.
This section describes some internals aspect of the device and summarize the
data I got by usb-snooping the windows and linux drivers.
The M-Audio Audiophile USB has 7 USB Interfaces:
a "USB interface":
* USB Interface nb.0
* USB Interface nb.1
- Audio Control function
* USB Interface nb.2
- Analog Output
* USB Interface nb.3
- Digital Output
* USB Interface nb.4
- Analog Input
* USB Interface nb.5
- Digital Input
* USB Interface nb.6
- MIDI interface compliant with the MIDIMAN quirk
Each interface has 5 altsettings (AltSet 1,2,3,4,5) except:
* Interface 3 (Digital Out) has an extra Alset nb.6
* Interface 5 (Digital In) does not have Alset nb.3 and 5
Here is a short description of the AltSettings capabilities:
* AltSettings 1 corresponds to
- 24-bit depth, 48.1-96kHz sample mode
- Adaptive playback (Ao and Do), Synch capture (Ai), or Asynch capture (Di)
* AltSettings 2 corresponds to
- 24-bit depth, 8-48kHz sample mode
- Asynch capture and playback (Ao,Ai,Do,Di)
* AltSettings 3 corresponds to
- 24-bit depth, 8-48kHz sample mode
- Synch capture (Ai) and Adaptive playback (Ao,Do)
* AltSettings 4 corresponds to
- 16-bit depth, 8-48kHz sample mode
- Asynch capture and playback (Ao,Ai,Do,Di)
* AltSettings 5 corresponds to
- 16-bit depth, 8-48kHz sample mode
- Synch capture (Ai) and Adaptive playback (Ao,Do)
* AltSettings 6 corresponds to
- 16-bit depth, 8-48kHz sample mode
- Synch playback (Do), audio format type III IEC1937_AC-3
In order to ensure a correct intialization of the device, the driver
_must_know_ how the device will be used:
* if DTS is choosen, only Interface 2 with AltSet nb.6 must be
registered
* if 96KHz only AltSets nb.1 of each interface must be selected
* if samples are using 24bits/48KHz then AltSet 2 must me used if
Digital input is connected, and only AltSet nb.3 if Digital input
is not connected
* if samples are using 16bits/48KHz then AltSet 4 must me used if
Digital input is connected, and only AltSet nb.5 if Digital input
is not connected
When device_setup is given as a parameter to the snd-usb-audio module, the
parse_audio_enpoint function uses a quirk called
"audiophile_skip_setting_quirk" in order to prevent AltSettings not
corresponding to device_setup from being registered in the driver.
3 - Audiophile USB and Jack support
===================================
This section deals with support of the Audiophile USB device in Jack.
The main issue regarding this support is that the device is Big Endian
compliant.
3.1 - Using the plug alsa plugin
--------------------------------
Jack doesn't directly support big endian devices. Thus, one way to have support
for this device with Alsa is to use the Alsa "plug" converter.
For instance here is one way to run Jack with 2 playback channels on Ao and 2
capture channels from Ai:
% jackd -R -dalsa -dplughw:1 -r48000 -p256 -n2 -D -Cplughw:1,1
However you may see the following warning message:
"You appear to be using the ALSA software "plug" layer, probably a result of
using the "default" ALSA device. This is less efficient than it could be.
Consider using a hardware device instead rather than using the plug layer."
3.2 - Patching alsa to use direct pcm device
-------------------------------------------
A patch for Jack by Andreas Steinmetz adds support for Big Endian devices.
However it has not been included in the CVS tree.
You can find it at the following URL:
http://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=1289682&group_id=39687&
atid=425939
After having applied the patch you can run jackd with the following command
line:
% jackd -R -dalsa -Phw:1,0 -r48000 -p128 -n2 -D -Chw:1,1

8
Documentation/sound/alsa/DocBook/writing-an-alsa-driver.tmpl
View File

@ -1834,7 +1834,7 @@
mychip_set_sample_format(chip, runtime->format);
mychip_set_sample_rate(chip, runtime->rate);
mychip_set_channels(chip, runtime->channels);
mychip_set_dma_setup(chip, runtime->dma_area,
mychip_set_dma_setup(chip, runtime->dma_addr,
chip->buffer_size,
chip->period_size);
return 0;
@ -2836,7 +2836,7 @@ struct _snd_pcm_runtime {
<para>
Note that this callback became non-atomic since the recent version.
You can use schedule-related fucntions safely in this callback now.
You can use schedule-related functions safely in this callback now.
</para>
<para>
@ -3388,7 +3388,7 @@ struct _snd_pcm_runtime {
.name = "PCM Playback Switch",
.index = 0,
.access = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_ACCESS_READWRITE,
.private_values = 0xffff,
.private_value = 0xffff,
.info = my_control_info,
.get = my_control_get,
.put = my_control_put
@ -3449,7 +3449,7 @@ struct _snd_pcm_runtime {
</para>
<para>
The <structfield>private_values</structfield> field contains
The <structfield>private_value</structfield> field contains
an arbitrary long integer value for this record. When using
generic <structfield>info</structfield>,
<structfield>get</structfield> and

2
Documentation/sound/oss/Introduction
View File

@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ are available, for example IRQ, address, DMA.
Warning, the options for different cards sometime use different names
for the same or a similar feature (dma1= versus dma16=). As a last
resort, inspect the code (search for MODULE_PARM).
resort, inspect the code (search for module_param).
Notes:

16
Documentation/sound/oss/cs46xx
View File

@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ parameters. for a copy email: twoller@crystal.cirrus.com
MODULE_PARMS definitions
------------------------
MODULE_PARM(defaultorder, "i");
module_param(defaultorder, ulong, 0);
defaultorder=N
where N is a value from 1 to 12
The buffer order determines the size of the dma buffer for the driver.
@ -98,18 +98,18 @@ to not underrun the dma buffer as easily. As default, use 32k (order=3)
rather than 64k as some of the games work more responsively.
(2^N) * PAGE_SIZE = allocated buffer size
MODULE_PARM(cs_debuglevel, "i");
MODULE_PARM(cs_debugmask, "i");
module_param(cs_debuglevel, ulong, 0644);
module_param(cs_debugmask, ulong, 0644);
cs_debuglevel=N
cs_debugmask=0xMMMMMMMM
where N is a value from 0 (no debug printfs), to 9 (maximum)
0xMMMMMMMM is a debug mask corresponding to the CS_xxx bits (see driver source).
MODULE_PARM(hercules_egpio_disable, "i");
module_param(hercules_egpio_disable, ulong, 0);
hercules_egpio_disable=N
where N is a 0 (enable egpio), or a 1 (disable egpio support)
MODULE_PARM(initdelay, "i");
module_param(initdelay, ulong, 0);
initdelay=N
This value is used to determine the millescond delay during the initialization
code prior to powering up the PLL. On laptops this value can be used to
@ -118,19 +118,19 @@ system is booted under battery power then the mdelay()/udelay() functions fail t
properly delay the required time. Also, if the system is booted under AC power
and then the power removed, the mdelay()/udelay() functions will not delay properly.
MODULE_PARM(powerdown, "i");
module_param(powerdown, ulong, 0);
powerdown=N
where N is 0 (disable any powerdown of the internal blocks) or 1 (enable powerdown)
MODULE_PARM(external_amp, "i");
module_param(external_amp, bool, 0);
external_amp=1
if N is set to 1, then force enabling the EAPD support in the primary AC97 codec.
override the detection logic and force the external amp bit in the AC97 0x26 register
to be reset (0). EAPD should be 0 for powerup, and 1 for powerdown. The VTB Santa Cruz
card has inverted logic, so there is a special function for these cards.
MODULE_PARM(thinkpad, "i");
module_param(thinkpad, bool, 0);
thinkpad=1
if N is set to 1, then force enabling the clkrun functionality.
Currently, when the part is being used, then clkrun is disabled for the entire system,

2
Documentation/spinlocks.txt
View File

@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ removed soon. So for any new code dynamic initialization should be used:
static int __init xxx_init(void)
{
spin_lock_init(&xxx_lock);
rw_lock_init(&xxx_rw_lock);
rwlock_init(&xxx_rw_lock);
...
}

10
Documentation/usb/et61x251.txt
View File

@ -176,6 +176,14 @@ Description: Force the application to unmap previously mapped buffer memory
1 = force memory unmapping (save memory)
Default: 0
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name: frame_timeout
Type: uint array (min = 0, max = 64)
Syntax: <n[,...]>
Description: Timeout for a video frame in seconds. This parameter is
specific for each detected camera. This parameter can be
changed at runtime thanks to the /sys filesystem interface.
Default: 2
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name: debug
Type: ushort
Syntax: <n>
@ -266,7 +274,7 @@ the V4L2 interface.
10. Notes for V4L2 application developers
========================================
=========================================
This driver follows the V4L2 API specifications. In particular, it enforces two
rules:

11
Documentation/usb/sn9c102.txt
View File

@ -196,6 +196,14 @@ Description: Force the application to unmap previously mapped buffer memory
1 = force memory unmapping (save memory)
Default: 0
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name: frame_timeout
Type: uint array (min = 0, max = 64)
Syntax: <n[,...]>
Description: Timeout for a video frame in seconds. This parameter is
specific for each detected camera. This parameter can be
changed at runtime thanks to the /sys filesystem interface.
Default: 2
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name: debug
Type: ushort
Syntax: <n>
@ -321,6 +329,7 @@ Vendor ID Product ID
--------- ----------
0x0c45 0x6001
0x0c45 0x6005
0x0c45 0x6007
0x0c45 0x6009
0x0c45 0x600d
0x0c45 0x6024
@ -370,6 +379,7 @@ HV7131D Hynix Semiconductor, Inc.
MI-0343 Micron Technology, Inc.
OV7630 OmniVision Technologies, Inc.
PAS106B PixArt Imaging, Inc.
PAS202BCA PixArt Imaging, Inc.
PAS202BCB PixArt Imaging, Inc.
TAS5110C1B Taiwan Advanced Sensor Corporation
TAS5130D1B Taiwan Advanced Sensor Corporation
@ -493,6 +503,7 @@ Many thanks to following persons for their contribute (listed in alphabetical
order):
- Luca Capello for the donation of a webcam;
- Philippe Coval for having helped testing the PAS202BCA image sensor;
- Joao Rodrigo Fuzaro, Joao Limirio, Claudio Filho and Caio Begotti for the
donation of a webcam;
- Jon Hollstrom for the donation of a webcam;

254
Documentation/usb/zc0301.txt Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,254 @@
ZC0301 Image Processor and Control Chip
Driver for Linux
=======================================
- Documentation -
Index
=====
1. Copyright
2. Disclaimer
3. License
4. Overview and features
5. Module dependencies
6. Module loading
7. Module parameters
8. Supported devices
9. Notes for V4L2 application developers
10. Contact information
11. Credits
1. Copyright
============
Copyright (C) 2006 by Luca Risolia <luca.risolia@studio.unibo.it>
2. Disclaimer
=============
This software is not developed or sponsored by Z-Star Microelectronics Corp.
Trademarks are property of their respective owner.
3. License
==========
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
4. Overview and features
========================
This driver supports the video interface of the devices mounting the ZC0301
Image Processor and Control Chip.
The driver relies on the Video4Linux2 and USB core modules. It has been
designed to run properly on SMP systems as well.
The latest version of the ZC0301 driver can be found at the following URL:
http://www.linux-projects.org/
Some of the features of the driver are:
- full compliance with the Video4Linux2 API (see also "Notes for V4L2
application developers" paragraph);
- available mmap or read/poll methods for video streaming through isochronous
data transfers;
- automatic detection of image sensor;
- video format is standard JPEG;
- dynamic driver control thanks to various module parameters (see "Module
parameters" paragraph);
- up to 64 cameras can be handled at the same time; they can be connected and
disconnected from the host many times without turning off the computer, if
the system supports hotplugging;
5. Module dependencies
======================
For it to work properly, the driver needs kernel support for Video4Linux and
USB.
The following options of the kernel configuration file must be enabled and
corresponding modules must be compiled:
# Multimedia devices
#
CONFIG_VIDEO_DEV=m
# USB support
#
CONFIG_USB=m
In addition, depending on the hardware being used, the modules below are
necessary:
# USB Host Controller Drivers
#
CONFIG_USB_EHCI_HCD=m
CONFIG_USB_UHCI_HCD=m
CONFIG_USB_OHCI_HCD=m
The ZC0301 controller also provides a built-in microphone interface. It is
supported by the USB Audio driver thanks to the ALSA API:
# Sound
#
CONFIG_SOUND=y
# Advanced Linux Sound Architecture
#
CONFIG_SND=m
# USB devices
#
CONFIG_SND_USB_AUDIO=m
And finally:
# USB Multimedia devices
#
CONFIG_USB_ZC0301=m
6. Module loading
=================
To use the driver, it is necessary to load the "zc0301" module into memory
after every other module required: "videodev", "usbcore" and, depending on
the USB host controller you have, "ehci-hcd", "uhci-hcd" or "ohci-hcd".
Loading can be done as shown below:
[root@localhost home]# modprobe zc0301
At this point the devices should be recognized. You can invoke "dmesg" to
analyze kernel messages and verify that the loading process has gone well:
[user@localhost home]$ dmesg
7. Module parameters
====================
Module parameters are listed below:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name: video_nr
Type: short array (min = 0, max = 64)
Syntax: <-1|n[,...]>
Description: Specify V4L2 minor mode number:
-1 = use next available
n = use minor number n
You can specify up to 64 cameras this way.
For example:
video_nr=-1,2,-1 would assign minor number 2 to the second
registered camera and use auto for the first one and for every
other camera.
Default: -1
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name: force_munmap
Type: bool array (min = 0, max = 64)
Syntax: <0|1[,...]>
Description: Force the application to unmap previously mapped buffer memory
before calling any VIDIOC_S_CROP or VIDIOC_S_FMT ioctl's. Not
all the applications support this feature. This parameter is
specific for each detected camera.
0 = do not force memory unmapping
1 = force memory unmapping (save memory)
Default: 0
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name: frame_timeout
Type: uint array (min = 0, max = 64)
Syntax: <n[,...]>
Description: Timeout for a video frame in seconds. This parameter is
specific for each detected camera. This parameter can be
changed at runtime thanks to the /sys filesystem interface.
Default: 2
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name: debug
Type: ushort
Syntax: <n>
Description: Debugging information level, from 0 to 3:
0 = none (use carefully)
1 = critical errors
2 = significant informations
3 = more verbose messages
Level 3 is useful for testing only, when only one device
is used at the same time. It also shows some more informations
about the hardware being detected. This module parameter can be
changed at runtime thanks to the /sys filesystem interface.
Default: 2
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8. Supported devices
====================
None of the names of the companies as well as their products will be mentioned
here. They have never collaborated with the author, so no advertising.
From the point of view of a driver, what unambiguously identify a device are
its vendor and product USB identifiers. Below is a list of known identifiers of
devices mounting the ZC0301 Image Processor and Control Chips:
Vendor ID Product ID
--------- ----------
0x041e 0x4017
0x041e 0x401c
0x041e 0x401e
0x041e 0x4034
0x041e 0x4035
0x046d 0x08ae
0x0ac8 0x0301
0x10fd 0x8050
The list above does not imply that all those devices work with this driver: up
until now only the ones that mount the following image sensors are supported;
kernel messages will always tell you whether this is the case:
Model Manufacturer
----- ------------
PAS202BCB PixArt Imaging, Inc.
9. Notes for V4L2 application developers
========================================
This driver follows the V4L2 API specifications. In particular, it enforces two
rules:
- exactly one I/O method, either "mmap" or "read", is associated with each
file descriptor. Once it is selected, the application must close and reopen the
device to switch to the other I/O method;
- although it is not mandatory, previously mapped buffer memory should always
be unmapped before calling any "VIDIOC_S_CROP" or "VIDIOC_S_FMT" ioctl's.
The same number of buffers as before will be allocated again to match the size
of the new video frames, so you have to map the buffers again before any I/O
attempts on them.
10. Contact information
=======================
The author may be contacted by e-mail at <luca.risolia@studio.unibo.it>.
GPG/PGP encrypted e-mail's are accepted. The GPG key ID of the author is
'FCE635A4'; the public 1024-bit key should be available at any keyserver;
the fingerprint is: '88E8 F32F 7244 68BA 3958 5D40 99DA 5D2A FCE6 35A4'.
11. Credits
===========
- Informations about the chip internals needed to enable the I2C protocol have
been taken from the documentation of the ZC030x Video4Linux1 driver written
by Andrew Birkett <andy@nobugs.org>;
- The initialization values of the ZC0301 controller connected to the PAS202BCB
image sensor have been taken from the SPCA5XX driver maintained by
Michel Xhaard <mxhaard@magic.fr>.

2
Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.cx88
View File

@ -43,3 +43,5 @@
42 -> digitalnow DNTV Live! DVB-T Pro [1822:0025]
43 -> KWorld/VStream XPert DVB-T with cx22702 [17de:08a1]
44 -> DViCO FusionHDTV DVB-T Dual Digital [18ac:db50,18ac:db54]
45 -> KWorld HardwareMpegTV XPert [17de:0840]
46 -> DViCO FusionHDTV DVB-T Hybrid [18ac:db40,18ac:db44]

1
Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.em28xx
View File

@ -8,3 +8,4 @@
7 -> Leadtek Winfast USB II (em2800)
8 -> Kworld USB2800 (em2800)
9 -> Pinnacle Dazzle DVC 90 (em2820/em2840) [2304:0207]
12 -> Kworld PVR TV 2800 RF (em2820/em2840)

9
Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.saa7134
View File

@ -83,3 +83,12 @@
82 -> MSI TV@Anywhere plus [1462:6231]
83 -> Terratec Cinergy 250 PCI TV [153b:1160]
84 -> LifeView FlyDVB Trio [5168:0319]
85 -> AverTV DVB-T 777 [1461:2c05]
86 -> LifeView FlyDVB-T [5168:0301]
87 -> ADS Instant TV Duo Cardbus PTV331 [0331:1421]
88 -> Tevion/KWorld DVB-T 220RF [17de:7201]
89 -> ELSA EX-VISION 700TV [1048:226c]
90 -> Kworld ATSC110 [17de:7350]
91 -> AVerMedia A169 B [1461:7360]
92 -> AVerMedia A169 B1 [1461:6360]
93 -> Medion 7134 Bridge #2 [16be:0005]

6
Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.tuner
View File

@ -64,8 +64,10 @@ tuner=62 - Philips TEA5767HN FM Radio
tuner=63 - Philips FMD1216ME MK3 Hybrid Tuner
tuner=64 - LG TDVS-H062F/TUA6034
tuner=65 - Ymec TVF66T5-B/DFF
tuner=66 - LG NTSC (TALN mini series)
tuner=66 - LG TALN series
tuner=67 - Philips TD1316 Hybrid Tuner
tuner=68 - Philips TUV1236D ATSC/NTSC dual in
tuner=69 - Tena TNF 5335 MF
tuner=69 - Tena TNF 5335 and similar models
tuner=70 - Samsung TCPN 2121P30A
tuner=71 - Xceive xc3028
tuner=72 - Thomson FE6600

140
Documentation/video4linux/CQcam.txt
View File

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
c-qcam - Connectix Color QuickCam video4linux kernel driver
Copyright (C) 1999 Dave Forrest <drf5n@virginia.edu>
released under GNU GPL.
released under GNU GPL.
1999-12-08 Dave Forrest, written with kernel version 2.2.12 in mind
@ -128,9 +128,9 @@ system (CONFIG_PROC_FS), the parallel printer support
(CONFIG_PRINTER), the IEEE 1284 system,(CONFIG_PRINTER_READBACK), you
should be able to read some identification from your quickcam with
modprobe -v parport
modprobe -v parport_probe
cat /proc/parport/PORTNUMBER/autoprobe
modprobe -v parport
modprobe -v parport_probe
cat /proc/parport/PORTNUMBER/autoprobe
Returns:
CLASS:MEDIA;
MODEL:Color QuickCam 2.0;
@ -152,16 +152,16 @@ video4linux mailing list and archive for more current information.
3.1 Checklist:
Can you get an image?
v4lgrab >qcam.ppm ; wc qcam.ppm ; xv qcam.ppm
v4lgrab >qcam.ppm ; wc qcam.ppm ; xv qcam.ppm
Is a working c-qcam connected to the port?
grep ^ /proc/parport/?/autoprobe
grep ^ /proc/parport/?/autoprobe
Do the /dev/video* files exist?
ls -lad /dev/video
ls -lad /dev/video
Is the c-qcam module loaded?
modprobe -v c-qcam ; lsmod
modprobe -v c-qcam ; lsmod
Does the camera work with alternate programs? cqcam, etc?
@ -225,54 +225,54 @@ produced this picture of me at
#define READ_VIDEO_PIXEL(buf, format, depth, r, g, b) \
{ \
switch (format) \
{ \
case VIDEO_PALETTE_GREY: \
switch (depth) \
{ \
case 4: \
case 6: \
case 8: \
(r) = (g) = (b) = (*buf++ << 8);\
break; \
\
case 16: \
(r) = (g) = (b) = \
*((unsigned short *) buf); \
buf += 2; \
break; \
} \
break; \
\
\
case VIDEO_PALETTE_RGB565: \
{ \
unsigned short tmp = *(unsigned short *)buf; \
(r) = tmp&0xF800; \
(g) = (tmp<<5)&0xFC00; \
(b) = (tmp<<11)&0xF800; \
buf += 2; \
} \
break; \
\
case VIDEO_PALETTE_RGB555: \
(r) = (buf[0]&0xF8)<<8; \
(g) = ((buf[0] << 5 | buf[1] >> 3)&0xF8)<<8; \
(b) = ((buf[1] << 2 ) & 0xF8)<<8; \
buf += 2; \
break; \
\
case VIDEO_PALETTE_RGB24: \
(r) = buf[0] << 8; (g) = buf[1] << 8; \
(b) = buf[2] << 8; \
buf += 3; \
break; \
\
default: \
fprintf(stderr, \
"Format %d not yet supported\n", \
format); \
} \
switch (format) \
{ \
case VIDEO_PALETTE_GREY: \
switch (depth) \
{ \
case 4: \
case 6: \
case 8: \
(r) = (g) = (b) = (*buf++ << 8);\
break; \
\
case 16: \
(r) = (g) = (b) = \
*((unsigned short *) buf); \
buf += 2; \
break; \
} \
break; \
\
\
case VIDEO_PALETTE_RGB565: \
{ \
unsigned short tmp = *(unsigned short *)buf; \
(r) = tmp&0xF800; \
(g) = (tmp<<5)&0xFC00; \
(b) = (tmp<<11)&0xF800; \
buf += 2; \
} \
break; \
\
case VIDEO_PALETTE_RGB555: \
(r) = (buf[0]&0xF8)<<8; \
(g) = ((buf[0] << 5 | buf[1] >> 3)&0xF8)<<8; \
(b) = ((buf[1] << 2 ) & 0xF8)<<8; \
buf += 2; \
break; \
\
case VIDEO_PALETTE_RGB24: \
(r) = buf[0] << 8; (g) = buf[1] << 8; \
(b) = buf[2] << 8; \
buf += 3; \
break; \
\
default: \
fprintf(stderr, \
"Format %d not yet supported\n", \
format); \
} \
}
int get_brightness_adj(unsigned char *image, long size, int *brightness) {
@ -324,12 +324,12 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv)
if(ioctl(fd, VIDIOCSPICT, &vpic) < 0) {
vpic.depth=6;
if(ioctl(fd, VIDIOCSPICT, &vpic) < 0) {
vpic.depth=4;
if(ioctl(fd, VIDIOCSPICT, &vpic) < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Unable to find a supported capture format.\n");
close(fd);
exit(1);
}
vpic.depth=4;
if(ioctl(fd, VIDIOCSPICT, &vpic) < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Unable to find a supported capture format.\n");
close(fd);
exit(1);
}
}
}
} else {
@ -341,13 +341,13 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv)
vpic.depth=16;
if(ioctl(fd, VIDIOCSPICT, &vpic)==-1) {
vpic.palette=VIDEO_PALETTE_RGB555;
vpic.depth=15;
vpic.palette=VIDEO_PALETTE_RGB555;
vpic.depth=15;
if(ioctl(fd, VIDIOCSPICT, &vpic)==-1) {
fprintf(stderr, "Unable to find a supported capture format.\n");
return -1;
}
if(ioctl(fd, VIDIOCSPICT, &vpic)==-1) {
fprintf(stderr, "Unable to find a supported capture format.\n");
return -1;
}
}
}
}
@ -365,8 +365,8 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv)
if (f) {
vpic.brightness += (newbright << 8);
if(ioctl(fd, VIDIOCSPICT, &vpic)==-1) {
perror("VIDIOSPICT");
break;
perror("VIDIOSPICT");
break;
}
}
} while (f);

2
Documentation/video4linux/README.cpia
View File

@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ hardware configuration of the parport. You can give the boot-parameter
at the LILO-prompt or specify it in lilo.conf. I use the following
append-line in lilo.conf:
append="parport=0x378,7,3"
append="parport=0x378,7,3"
See Documentation/parport.txt for more information about the
configuration of the parport and the values given above. Do not simply

130
Documentation/video4linux/README.cpia2 Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
$Id: README,v 1.7 2005/08/29 23:39:57 sbertin Exp $
1. Introduction
This is a driver for STMicroelectronics's CPiA2 (second generation
Colour Processor Interface ASIC) based cameras. This camera outputs an MJPEG
stream at up to vga size. It implements the Video4Linux interface as much as
possible. Since the V4L interface does not support compressed formats, only
an mjpeg enabled application can be used with the camera. We have modified the
gqcam application to view this stream.
The driver is implemented as two kernel modules. The cpia2 module
contains the camera functions and the V4L interface. The cpia2_usb module
contains usb specific functions. The main reason for this was the size of the
module was getting out of hand, so I separted them. It is not likely that
there will be a parallel port version.
FEATURES:
- Supports cameras with the Vision stv6410 (CIF) and stv6500 (VGA) cmos
sensors. I only have the vga sensor, so can't test the other.
- Image formats: VGA, QVGA, CIF, QCIF, and a number of sizes in between.
VGA and QVGA are the native image sizes for the VGA camera. CIF is done
in the coprocessor by scaling QVGA. All other sizes are done by clipping.
- Palette: YCrCb, compressed with MJPEG.
- Some compression parameters are settable.
- Sensor framerate is adjustable (up to 30 fps CIF, 15 fps VGA).
- Adjust brightness, color, contrast while streaming.
- Flicker control settable for 50 or 60 Hz mains frequency.
2. Making and installing the stv672 driver modules:
Requirements:
-------------
This should work with 2.4 (2.4.23 and later) and 2.6 kernels, but has
only been tested on 2.6. Video4Linux must be either compiled into the kernel or
available as a module. Video4Linux2 is automatically detected and made
available at compile time.
Compiling:
----------
As root, do a make install. This will compile and install the modules
into the media/video directory in the module tree. For 2.4 kernels, use
Makefile_2.4 (aka do make -f Makefile_2.4 install).
Setup:
------
Use 'modprobe cpia2' to load and 'modprobe -r cpia2' to unload. This
may be done automatically by your distribution.
3. Driver options
Option Description
------ -----------
video_nr video device to register (0=/dev/video0, etc)
range -1 to 64. default is -1 (first available)
If you have more than 1 camera, this MUST be -1.
buffer_size Size for each frame buffer in bytes (default 68k)
num_buffers Number of frame buffers (1-32, default 3)
alternate USB Alternate (2-7, default 7)
flicker_freq Frequency for flicker reduction(50 or 60, default 60)
flicker_mode 0 to disable, or 1 to enable flicker reduction.
(default 0). This is only effective if the camera
uses a stv0672 coprocessor.
Setting the options:
--------------------
If you are using modules, edit /etc/modules.conf and add an options
line like this:
options cpia2 num_buffers=3 buffer_size=65535
If the driver is compiled into the kernel, at boot time specify them
like this:
cpia2.num_buffers=3 cpia2.buffer_size=65535
What buffer size should I use?
------------------------------
The maximum image size depends on the alternate you choose, and the
frame rate achieved by the camera. If the compression engine is able to
keep up with the frame rate, the maximum image size is given by the table
below.
The compression engine starts out at maximum compression, and will
increase image quality until it is close to the size in the table. As long
as the compression engine can keep up with the frame rate, after a short time
the images will all be about the size in the table, regardless of resolution.
At low alternate settings, the compression engine may not be able to
compress the image enough and will reduce the frame rate by producing larger
images.
The default of 68k should be good for most users. This will handle
any alternate at frame rates down to 15fps. For lower frame rates, it may
be necessary to increase the buffer size to avoid having frames dropped due
to insufficient space.
Image size(bytes)
Alternate bytes/ms 15fps 30fps
2 128 8533 4267
3 384 25600 12800
4 640 42667 21333
5 768 51200 25600
6 896 59733 29867
7 1023 68200 34100
How many buffers should I use?
------------------------------
For normal streaming, 3 should give the best results. With only 2,
it is possible for the camera to finish sending one image just after a
program has started reading the other. If this happens, the driver must drop
a frame. The exception to this is if you have a heavily loaded machine. In
this case use 2 buffers. You are probably not reading at the full frame rate.
If the camera can send multiple images before a read finishes, it could
overwrite the third buffer before the read finishes, leading to a corrupt
image. Single and double buffering have extra checks to avoid overwriting.
4. Using the camera
We are providing a modified gqcam application to view the output. In
order to avoid confusion, here it is called mview. There is also the qx5view
program which can also control the lights on the qx5 microscope. MJPEG Tools
(http://mjpeg.sourceforge.net) can also be used to record from the camera.
5. Notes to developers:
- This is a driver version stripped of the 2.4 back compatibility
and old MJPEG ioctl API. See cpia2.sf.net for 2.4 support.
6. Thanks:
- Peter Pregler <Peter_Pregler@email.com>,
Scott J. Bertin <scottbertin@yahoo.com>, and
Jarl Totland <Jarl.Totland@bdc.no> for the original cpia driver, which
this one was modelled from.

12
Documentation/video4linux/Zoran
View File

@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ Iomega Buz:
* Philips saa7111 TV decoder
* Philips saa7185 TV encoder
Drivers to use: videodev, i2c-core, i2c-algo-bit,
videocodec, saa7111, saa7185, zr36060, zr36067
videocodec, saa7111, saa7185, zr36060, zr36067
Inputs/outputs: Composite and S-video
Norms: PAL, SECAM (720x576 @ 25 fps), NTSC (720x480 @ 29.97 fps)
Card number: 7
@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ Linux Media Labs LML33:
* Brooktree bt819 TV decoder
* Brooktree bt856 TV encoder
Drivers to use: videodev, i2c-core, i2c-algo-bit,
videocodec, bt819, bt856, zr36060, zr36067
videocodec, bt819, bt856, zr36060, zr36067
Inputs/outputs: Composite and S-video
Norms: PAL (720x576 @ 25 fps), NTSC (720x480 @ 29.97 fps)
Card number: 5
@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ Linux Media Labs LML33R10:
* Philips saa7114 TV decoder
* Analog Devices adv7170 TV encoder
Drivers to use: videodev, i2c-core, i2c-algo-bit,
videocodec, saa7114, adv7170, zr36060, zr36067
videocodec, saa7114, adv7170, zr36060, zr36067
Inputs/outputs: Composite and S-video
Norms: PAL (720x576 @ 25 fps), NTSC (720x480 @ 29.97 fps)
Card number: 6
@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ Pinnacle/Miro DC10(new):
* Philips saa7110a TV decoder
* Analog Devices adv7176 TV encoder
Drivers to use: videodev, i2c-core, i2c-algo-bit,
videocodec, saa7110, adv7175, zr36060, zr36067
videocodec, saa7110, adv7175, zr36060, zr36067
Inputs/outputs: Composite, S-video and Internal
Norms: PAL, SECAM (768x576 @ 25 fps), NTSC (640x480 @ 29.97 fps)
Card number: 1
@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ Pinnacle/Miro DC10(old): *
* Micronas vpx3220a TV decoder
* mse3000 TV encoder or Analog Devices adv7176 TV encoder *
Drivers to use: videodev, i2c-core, i2c-algo-bit,
videocodec, vpx3220, mse3000/adv7175, zr36050, zr36016, zr36067
videocodec, vpx3220, mse3000/adv7175, zr36050, zr36016, zr36067
Inputs/outputs: Composite, S-video and Internal
Norms: PAL, SECAM (768x576 @ 25 fps), NTSC (640x480 @ 29.97 fps)
Card number: 0
@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ Pinnacle/Miro DC30: *
* Micronas vpx3225d/vpx3220a/vpx3216b TV decoder
* Analog Devices adv7176 TV encoder
Drivers to use: videodev, i2c-core, i2c-algo-bit,
videocodec, vpx3220/vpx3224, adv7175, zr36050, zr36016, zr36067
videocodec, vpx3220/vpx3224, adv7175, zr36050, zr36016, zr36067
Inputs/outputs: Composite, S-video and Internal
Norms: PAL, SECAM (768x576 @ 25 fps), NTSC (640x480 @ 29.97 fps)
Card number: 3

2
Documentation/video4linux/bttv/ICs
View File

@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Hauppauge Win/TV pci (version 405):
Microchip 24LC02B or
Philips 8582E2Y: 256 Byte EEPROM with configuration information
I2C 0xa0-0xa1, (24LC02B also responds to 0xa2-0xaf)
I2C 0xa0-0xa1, (24LC02B also responds to 0xa2-0xaf)
Philips SAA5246AGP/E: Videotext decoder chip, I2C 0x22-0x23
TDA9800: sound decoder
Winbond W24257AS-35: 32Kx8 CMOS static RAM (Videotext buffer mem)

38
Documentation/video4linux/cpia2_overview.txt Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
Programmer's View of Cpia2
Cpia2 is the second generation video coprocessor from VLSI Vision Ltd (now a
division of ST Microelectronics). There are two versions. The first is the
STV0672, which is capable of up to 30 frames per second (fps) in frame sizes
up to CIF, and 15 fps for VGA frames. The STV0676 is an improved version,
which can handle up to 30 fps VGA. Both coprocessors can be attached to two
CMOS sensors - the vvl6410 CIF sensor and the vvl6500 VGA sensor. These will
be referred to as the 410 and the 500 sensors, or the CIF and VGA sensors.
The two chipsets operate almost identically. The core is an 8051 processor,
running two different versions of firmware. The 672 runs the VP4 video
processor code, the 676 runs VP5. There are a few differences in register
mappings for the two chips. In these cases, the symbols defined in the
header files are marked with VP4 or VP5 as part of the symbol name.
The cameras appear externally as three sets of registers. Setting register
values is the only way to control the camera. Some settings are
interdependant, such as the sequence required to power up the camera. I will
try to make note of all of these cases.
The register sets are called blocks. Block 0 is the system block. This
section is always powered on when the camera is plugged in. It contains
registers that control housekeeping functions such as powering up the video
processor. The video processor is the VP block. These registers control
how the video from the sensor is processed. Examples are timing registers,
user mode (vga, qvga), scaling, cropping, framerates, and so on. The last
block is the video compressor (VC). The video stream sent from the camera is
compressed as Motion JPEG (JPEGA). The VC controls all of the compression
parameters. Looking at the file cpia2_registers.h, you can get a full view
of these registers and the possible values for most of them.
One or more registers can be set or read by sending a usb control message to
the camera. There are three modes for this. Block mode requests a number
of contiguous registers. Random mode reads or writes random registers with
a tuple structure containing address/value pairs. The repeat mode is only
used by VP4 to load a firmware patch. It contains a starting address and
a sequence of bytes to be written into a gpio port.

16
Documentation/video4linux/radiotrack.txt
View File

@ -131,17 +131,17 @@ Check Stereo: BASE <-- 0xd8 (current volume, stereo detect,
x=0xff ==> "not stereo", x=0xfd ==> "stereo detected"
Set Frequency: code = (freq*40) + 10486188
foreach of the 24 bits in code,
(from Least to Most Significant):
to write a "zero" bit,
BASE <-- 0x01 (audio mute, no stereo detect, radio
foreach of the 24 bits in code,
(from Least to Most Significant):
to write a "zero" bit,
BASE <-- 0x01 (audio mute, no stereo detect, radio
disable, "zero" bit phase 1, tuner adjust)
BASE <-- 0x03 (audio mute, no stereo detect, radio
BASE <-- 0x03 (audio mute, no stereo detect, radio
disable, "zero" bit phase 2, tuner adjust)
to write a "one" bit,
BASE <-- 0x05 (audio mute, no stereo detect, radio
to write a "one" bit,
BASE <-- 0x05 (audio mute, no stereo detect, radio
disable, "one" bit phase 1, tuner adjust)
BASE <-- 0x07 (audio mute, no stereo detect, radio
BASE <-- 0x07 (audio mute, no stereo detect, radio
disable, "one" bit phase 2, tuner adjust)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

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