diff --git a/fs/xfs/xfs_alloc.c b/fs/xfs/xfs_alloc.c
index 84070f2e0ba4..4d66bb75579c 100644
--- a/fs/xfs/xfs_alloc.c
+++ b/fs/xfs/xfs_alloc.c
@@ -2276,7 +2276,6 @@ xfs_alloc_vextent(
 		 * These three force us into a single a.g.
 		 */
 		args->agno = XFS_FSB_TO_AGNO(mp, args->fsbno);
-		down_read(&mp->m_peraglock);
 		args->pag = xfs_perag_get(mp, args->agno);
 		args->minleft = 0;
 		error = xfs_alloc_fix_freelist(args, 0);
@@ -2286,14 +2285,12 @@ xfs_alloc_vextent(
 			goto error0;
 		}
 		if (!args->agbp) {
-			up_read(&mp->m_peraglock);
 			trace_xfs_alloc_vextent_noagbp(args);
 			break;
 		}
 		args->agbno = XFS_FSB_TO_AGBNO(mp, args->fsbno);
 		if ((error = xfs_alloc_ag_vextent(args)))
 			goto error0;
-		up_read(&mp->m_peraglock);
 		break;
 	case XFS_ALLOCTYPE_START_BNO:
 		/*
@@ -2345,7 +2342,6 @@ xfs_alloc_vextent(
 		 * Loop over allocation groups twice; first time with
 		 * trylock set, second time without.
 		 */
-		down_read(&mp->m_peraglock);
 		for (;;) {
 			args->pag = xfs_perag_get(mp, args->agno);
 			if (no_min) args->minleft = 0;
@@ -2408,7 +2404,6 @@ xfs_alloc_vextent(
 			}
 			xfs_perag_put(args->pag);
 		}
-		up_read(&mp->m_peraglock);
 		if (bump_rotor || (type == XFS_ALLOCTYPE_ANY_AG)) {
 			if (args->agno == sagno)
 				mp->m_agfrotor = (mp->m_agfrotor + 1) %
@@ -2438,7 +2433,6 @@ xfs_alloc_vextent(
 	return 0;
 error0:
 	xfs_perag_put(args->pag);
-	up_read(&mp->m_peraglock);
 	return error;
 }
 
@@ -2463,7 +2457,6 @@ xfs_free_extent(
 	args.agno = XFS_FSB_TO_AGNO(args.mp, bno);
 	ASSERT(args.agno < args.mp->m_sb.sb_agcount);
 	args.agbno = XFS_FSB_TO_AGBNO(args.mp, bno);
-	down_read(&args.mp->m_peraglock);
 	args.pag = xfs_perag_get(args.mp, args.agno);
 	if ((error = xfs_alloc_fix_freelist(&args, XFS_ALLOC_FLAG_FREEING)))
 		goto error0;
@@ -2475,7 +2468,6 @@ xfs_free_extent(
 	error = xfs_free_ag_extent(tp, args.agbp, args.agno, args.agbno, len, 0);
 error0:
 	xfs_perag_put(args.pag);
-	up_read(&args.mp->m_peraglock);
 	return error;
 }
 
diff --git a/fs/xfs/xfs_bmap.c b/fs/xfs/xfs_bmap.c
index a9b95d9cf2ad..7c6d9acd7154 100644
--- a/fs/xfs/xfs_bmap.c
+++ b/fs/xfs/xfs_bmap.c
@@ -2629,14 +2629,12 @@ xfs_bmap_btalloc(
 		if (startag == NULLAGNUMBER)
 			startag = ag = 0;
 		notinit = 0;
-		down_read(&mp->m_peraglock);
 		pag = xfs_perag_get(mp, ag);
 		while (blen < ap->alen) {
 			if (!pag->pagf_init &&
 			    (error = xfs_alloc_pagf_init(mp, args.tp,
 				    ag, XFS_ALLOC_FLAG_TRYLOCK))) {
 				xfs_perag_put(pag);
-				up_read(&mp->m_peraglock);
 				return error;
 			}
 			/*
@@ -2669,10 +2667,8 @@ xfs_bmap_btalloc(
 
 					error = xfs_filestream_new_ag(ap, &ag);
 					xfs_perag_put(pag);
-					if (error) {
-						up_read(&mp->m_peraglock);
+					if (error)
 						return error;
-					}
 
 					/* loop again to set 'blen'*/
 					startag = NULLAGNUMBER;
@@ -2688,7 +2684,6 @@ xfs_bmap_btalloc(
 			pag = xfs_perag_get(mp, ag);
 		}
 		xfs_perag_put(pag);
-		up_read(&mp->m_peraglock);
 		/*
 		 * Since the above loop did a BUF_TRYLOCK, it is
 		 * possible that there is space for this request.
diff --git a/fs/xfs/xfs_filestream.c b/fs/xfs/xfs_filestream.c
index e61f2aa088a9..914d00d0f119 100644
--- a/fs/xfs/xfs_filestream.c
+++ b/fs/xfs/xfs_filestream.c
@@ -253,8 +253,7 @@ next_ag:
 
 /*
  * Set the allocation group number for a file or a directory, updating inode
- * references and per-AG references as appropriate.  Must be called with the
- * m_peraglock held in read mode.
+ * references and per-AG references as appropriate.
  */
 static int
 _xfs_filestream_update_ag(
@@ -456,10 +455,10 @@ xfs_filestream_unmount(
 }
 
 /*
- * If the mount point's m_perag array is going to be reallocated, all
+ * If the mount point's m_perag tree is going to be modified, all
  * outstanding cache entries must be flushed to avoid accessing reference count
  * addresses that have been freed.  The call to xfs_filestream_flush() must be
- * made inside the block that holds the m_peraglock in write mode to do the
+ * made inside the block that holds the m_perag_lock in write mode to do the
  * reallocation.
  */
 void
@@ -531,7 +530,6 @@ xfs_filestream_associate(
 
 	mp = pip->i_mount;
 	cache = mp->m_filestream;
-	down_read(&mp->m_peraglock);
 
 	/*
 	 * We have a problem, Houston.
@@ -548,10 +546,8 @@ xfs_filestream_associate(
 	 *
 	 * So, if we can't get the iolock without sleeping then just give up
 	 */
-	if (!xfs_ilock_nowait(pip, XFS_IOLOCK_EXCL)) {
-		up_read(&mp->m_peraglock);
+	if (!xfs_ilock_nowait(pip, XFS_IOLOCK_EXCL))
 		return 1;
-	}
 
 	/* If the parent directory is already in the cache, use its AG. */
 	item = xfs_mru_cache_lookup(cache, pip->i_ino);
@@ -606,7 +602,6 @@ exit_did_pick:
 
 exit:
 	xfs_iunlock(pip, XFS_IOLOCK_EXCL);
-	up_read(&mp->m_peraglock);
 	return -err;
 }
 
diff --git a/fs/xfs/xfs_fsops.c b/fs/xfs/xfs_fsops.c
index a13919a6a364..37a6f62c57b6 100644
--- a/fs/xfs/xfs_fsops.c
+++ b/fs/xfs/xfs_fsops.c
@@ -167,27 +167,14 @@ xfs_growfs_data_private(
 	}
 	new = nb - mp->m_sb.sb_dblocks;
 	oagcount = mp->m_sb.sb_agcount;
+
+	/* allocate the new per-ag structures */
 	if (nagcount > oagcount) {
-		void *new_perag, *old_perag;
-
-		xfs_filestream_flush(mp);
-
-		new_perag = kmem_zalloc(sizeof(xfs_perag_t) * nagcount,
-					KM_MAYFAIL);
-		if (!new_perag)
-			return XFS_ERROR(ENOMEM);
-
-		down_write(&mp->m_peraglock);
-		memcpy(new_perag, mp->m_perag, sizeof(xfs_perag_t) * oagcount);
-		old_perag = mp->m_perag;
-		mp->m_perag = new_perag;
-
-		mp->m_flags |= XFS_MOUNT_32BITINODES;
-		nagimax = xfs_initialize_perag(mp, nagcount);
-		up_write(&mp->m_peraglock);
-
-		kmem_free(old_perag);
+		error = xfs_initialize_perag(mp, nagcount, &nagimax);
+		if (error)
+			return error;
 	}
+
 	tp = xfs_trans_alloc(mp, XFS_TRANS_GROWFS);
 	tp->t_flags |= XFS_TRANS_RESERVE;
 	if ((error = xfs_trans_reserve(tp, XFS_GROWFS_SPACE_RES(mp),
@@ -196,6 +183,11 @@ xfs_growfs_data_private(
 		return error;
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Write new AG headers to disk. Non-transactional, but written
+	 * synchronously so they are completed prior to the growfs transaction
+	 * being logged.
+	 */
 	nfree = 0;
 	for (agno = nagcount - 1; agno >= oagcount; agno--, new -= agsize) {
 		/*
@@ -359,6 +351,12 @@ xfs_growfs_data_private(
 			goto error0;
 		}
 	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Update changed superblock fields transactionally. These are not
+	 * seen by the rest of the world until the transaction commit applies
+	 * them atomically to the superblock.
+	 */
 	if (nagcount > oagcount)
 		xfs_trans_mod_sb(tp, XFS_TRANS_SB_AGCOUNT, nagcount - oagcount);
 	if (nb > mp->m_sb.sb_dblocks)
@@ -369,9 +367,9 @@ xfs_growfs_data_private(
 	if (dpct)
 		xfs_trans_mod_sb(tp, XFS_TRANS_SB_IMAXPCT, dpct);
 	error = xfs_trans_commit(tp, 0);
-	if (error) {
+	if (error)
 		return error;
-	}
+
 	/* New allocation groups fully initialized, so update mount struct */
 	if (nagimax)
 		mp->m_maxagi = nagimax;
@@ -381,6 +379,8 @@ xfs_growfs_data_private(
 		mp->m_maxicount = icount << mp->m_sb.sb_inopblog;
 	} else
 		mp->m_maxicount = 0;
+
+	/* update secondary superblocks. */
 	for (agno = 1; agno < nagcount; agno++) {
 		error = xfs_read_buf(mp, mp->m_ddev_targp,
 				  XFS_AGB_TO_DADDR(mp, agno, XFS_SB_BLOCK(mp)),
diff --git a/fs/xfs/xfs_ialloc.c b/fs/xfs/xfs_ialloc.c
index 884ee1367f46..52c9d006c0e6 100644
--- a/fs/xfs/xfs_ialloc.c
+++ b/fs/xfs/xfs_ialloc.c
@@ -383,11 +383,9 @@ xfs_ialloc_ag_alloc(
 	newino = XFS_OFFBNO_TO_AGINO(args.mp, args.agbno, 0);
 	be32_add_cpu(&agi->agi_count, newlen);
 	be32_add_cpu(&agi->agi_freecount, newlen);
-	down_read(&args.mp->m_peraglock);
 	pag = xfs_perag_get(args.mp, agno);
 	pag->pagi_freecount += newlen;
 	xfs_perag_put(pag);
-	up_read(&args.mp->m_peraglock);
 	agi->agi_newino = cpu_to_be32(newino);
 
 	/*
@@ -489,7 +487,6 @@ xfs_ialloc_ag_select(
 	 */
 	agno = pagno;
 	flags = XFS_ALLOC_FLAG_TRYLOCK;
-	down_read(&mp->m_peraglock);
 	for (;;) {
 		pag = xfs_perag_get(mp, agno);
 		if (!pag->pagi_init) {
@@ -531,7 +528,6 @@ xfs_ialloc_ag_select(
 					goto nextag;
 				}
 				xfs_perag_put(pag);
-				up_read(&mp->m_peraglock);
 				return agbp;
 			}
 		}
@@ -544,18 +540,14 @@ nextag:
 		 * No point in iterating over the rest, if we're shutting
 		 * down.
 		 */
-		if (XFS_FORCED_SHUTDOWN(mp)) {
-			up_read(&mp->m_peraglock);
+		if (XFS_FORCED_SHUTDOWN(mp))
 			return NULL;
-		}
 		agno++;
 		if (agno >= agcount)
 			agno = 0;
 		if (agno == pagno) {
-			if (flags == 0) {
-				up_read(&mp->m_peraglock);
+			if (flags == 0)
 				return NULL;
-			}
 			flags = 0;
 		}
 	}
@@ -777,16 +769,13 @@ nextag:
 			*inop = NULLFSINO;
 			return noroom ? ENOSPC : 0;
 		}
-		down_read(&mp->m_peraglock);
 		pag = xfs_perag_get(mp, tagno);
 		if (pag->pagi_inodeok == 0) {
 			xfs_perag_put(pag);
-			up_read(&mp->m_peraglock);
 			goto nextag;
 		}
 		error = xfs_ialloc_read_agi(mp, tp, tagno, &agbp);
 		xfs_perag_put(pag);
-		up_read(&mp->m_peraglock);
 		if (error)
 			goto nextag;
 		agi = XFS_BUF_TO_AGI(agbp);
@@ -1015,9 +1004,7 @@ alloc_inode:
 		goto error0;
 	be32_add_cpu(&agi->agi_freecount, -1);
 	xfs_ialloc_log_agi(tp, agbp, XFS_AGI_FREECOUNT);
-	down_read(&mp->m_peraglock);
 	pag->pagi_freecount--;
-	up_read(&mp->m_peraglock);
 
 	error = xfs_check_agi_freecount(cur, agi);
 	if (error)
@@ -1100,9 +1087,7 @@ xfs_difree(
 	/*
 	 * Get the allocation group header.
 	 */
-	down_read(&mp->m_peraglock);
 	error = xfs_ialloc_read_agi(mp, tp, agno, &agbp);
-	up_read(&mp->m_peraglock);
 	if (error) {
 		cmn_err(CE_WARN,
 			"xfs_difree: xfs_ialloc_read_agi() returned an error %d on %s.  Returning error.",
@@ -1169,11 +1154,9 @@ xfs_difree(
 		be32_add_cpu(&agi->agi_count, -ilen);
 		be32_add_cpu(&agi->agi_freecount, -(ilen - 1));
 		xfs_ialloc_log_agi(tp, agbp, XFS_AGI_COUNT | XFS_AGI_FREECOUNT);
-		down_read(&mp->m_peraglock);
 		pag = xfs_perag_get(mp, agno);
 		pag->pagi_freecount -= ilen - 1;
 		xfs_perag_put(pag);
-		up_read(&mp->m_peraglock);
 		xfs_trans_mod_sb(tp, XFS_TRANS_SB_ICOUNT, -ilen);
 		xfs_trans_mod_sb(tp, XFS_TRANS_SB_IFREE, -(ilen - 1));
 
@@ -1202,11 +1185,9 @@ xfs_difree(
 		 */
 		be32_add_cpu(&agi->agi_freecount, 1);
 		xfs_ialloc_log_agi(tp, agbp, XFS_AGI_FREECOUNT);
-		down_read(&mp->m_peraglock);
 		pag = xfs_perag_get(mp, agno);
 		pag->pagi_freecount++;
 		xfs_perag_put(pag);
-		up_read(&mp->m_peraglock);
 		xfs_trans_mod_sb(tp, XFS_TRANS_SB_IFREE, 1);
 	}
 
@@ -1328,9 +1309,7 @@ xfs_imap(
 		xfs_buf_t	*agbp;	/* agi buffer */
 		int		i;	/* temp state */
 
-		down_read(&mp->m_peraglock);
 		error = xfs_ialloc_read_agi(mp, tp, agno, &agbp);
-		up_read(&mp->m_peraglock);
 		if (error) {
 			xfs_fs_cmn_err(CE_ALERT, mp, "xfs_imap: "
 					"xfs_ialloc_read_agi() returned "
diff --git a/fs/xfs/xfs_itable.c b/fs/xfs/xfs_itable.c
index 62efab2f3839..940307a6a60b 100644
--- a/fs/xfs/xfs_itable.c
+++ b/fs/xfs/xfs_itable.c
@@ -420,9 +420,7 @@ xfs_bulkstat(
 	while (XFS_BULKSTAT_UBLEFT(ubleft) && agno < mp->m_sb.sb_agcount) {
 		cond_resched();
 		bp = NULL;
-		down_read(&mp->m_peraglock);
 		error = xfs_ialloc_read_agi(mp, NULL, agno, &agbp);
-		up_read(&mp->m_peraglock);
 		if (error) {
 			/*
 			 * Skip this allocation group and go to the next one.
@@ -849,9 +847,7 @@ xfs_inumbers(
 	agbp = NULL;
 	while (left > 0 && agno < mp->m_sb.sb_agcount) {
 		if (agbp == NULL) {
-			down_read(&mp->m_peraglock);
 			error = xfs_ialloc_read_agi(mp, NULL, agno, &agbp);
-			up_read(&mp->m_peraglock);
 			if (error) {
 				/*
 				 * If we can't read the AGI of this ag,
diff --git a/fs/xfs/xfs_mount.c b/fs/xfs/xfs_mount.c
index 9055b60730d0..c04dd83cb57c 100644
--- a/fs/xfs/xfs_mount.c
+++ b/fs/xfs/xfs_mount.c
@@ -209,13 +209,16 @@ STATIC void
 xfs_free_perag(
 	xfs_mount_t	*mp)
 {
-	if (mp->m_perag) {
-		int	agno;
+	xfs_agnumber_t	agno;
+	struct xfs_perag *pag;
 
-		for (agno = 0; agno < mp->m_maxagi; agno++)
-			if (mp->m_perag[agno].pagb_list)
-				kmem_free(mp->m_perag[agno].pagb_list);
-		kmem_free(mp->m_perag);
+	for (agno = 0; agno < mp->m_sb.sb_agcount; agno++) {
+		spin_lock(&mp->m_perag_lock);
+		pag = radix_tree_delete(&mp->m_perag_tree, agno);
+		spin_unlock(&mp->m_perag_lock);
+		ASSERT(pag);
+		kmem_free(pag->pagb_list);
+		kmem_free(pag);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -389,10 +392,11 @@ xfs_initialize_perag_icache(
 	}
 }
 
-xfs_agnumber_t
+int
 xfs_initialize_perag(
 	xfs_mount_t	*mp,
-	xfs_agnumber_t	agcount)
+	xfs_agnumber_t	agcount,
+	xfs_agnumber_t	*maxagi)
 {
 	xfs_agnumber_t	index, max_metadata;
 	xfs_perag_t	*pag;
@@ -405,6 +409,33 @@ xfs_initialize_perag(
 	agino = XFS_OFFBNO_TO_AGINO(mp, sbp->sb_agblocks - 1, 0);
 	ino = XFS_AGINO_TO_INO(mp, agcount - 1, agino);
 
+	/*
+	 * Walk the current per-ag tree so we don't try to initialise AGs
+	 * that already exist (growfs case). Allocate and insert all the
+	 * AGs we don't find ready for initialisation.
+	 */
+	for (index = 0; index < agcount; index++) {
+		pag = xfs_perag_get(mp, index);
+		if (pag) {
+			xfs_perag_put(pag);
+			continue;
+		}
+		pag = kmem_zalloc(sizeof(*pag), KM_MAYFAIL);
+		if (!pag)
+			return -ENOMEM;
+		if (radix_tree_preload(GFP_NOFS))
+			return -ENOMEM;
+		spin_lock(&mp->m_perag_lock);
+		if (radix_tree_insert(&mp->m_perag_tree, index, pag)) {
+			BUG();
+			spin_unlock(&mp->m_perag_lock);
+			kmem_free(pag);
+			return -EEXIST;
+		}
+		spin_unlock(&mp->m_perag_lock);
+		radix_tree_preload_end();
+	}
+
 	/* Clear the mount flag if no inode can overflow 32 bits
 	 * on this filesystem, or if specifically requested..
 	 */
@@ -454,7 +485,9 @@ xfs_initialize_perag(
 			xfs_perag_put(pag);
 		}
 	}
-	return index;
+	if (maxagi)
+		*maxagi = index;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 void
@@ -1155,13 +1188,13 @@ xfs_mountfs(
 	/*
 	 * Allocate and initialize the per-ag data.
 	 */
-	init_rwsem(&mp->m_peraglock);
-	mp->m_perag = kmem_zalloc(sbp->sb_agcount * sizeof(xfs_perag_t),
-				  KM_MAYFAIL);
-	if (!mp->m_perag)
+	spin_lock_init(&mp->m_perag_lock);
+	INIT_RADIX_TREE(&mp->m_perag_tree, GFP_NOFS);
+	error = xfs_initialize_perag(mp, sbp->sb_agcount, &mp->m_maxagi);
+	if (error) {
+		cmn_err(CE_WARN, "XFS: Failed per-ag init: %d", error);
 		goto out_remove_uuid;
-
-	mp->m_maxagi = xfs_initialize_perag(mp, sbp->sb_agcount);
+	}
 
 	if (!sbp->sb_logblocks) {
 		cmn_err(CE_WARN, "XFS: no log defined");
diff --git a/fs/xfs/xfs_mount.h b/fs/xfs/xfs_mount.h
index f8a68a2319b5..cfa7a5d22e72 100644
--- a/fs/xfs/xfs_mount.h
+++ b/fs/xfs/xfs_mount.h
@@ -207,8 +207,8 @@ typedef struct xfs_mount {
 	uint			m_ag_maxlevels;	/* XFS_AG_MAXLEVELS */
 	uint			m_bm_maxlevels[2]; /* XFS_BM_MAXLEVELS */
 	uint			m_in_maxlevels;	/* max inobt btree levels. */
-	struct xfs_perag	*m_perag;	/* per-ag accounting info */
-	struct rw_semaphore	m_peraglock;	/* lock for m_perag (pointer) */
+	struct radix_tree_root	m_perag_tree;	/* per-ag accounting info */
+	spinlock_t		m_perag_lock;	/* lock for m_perag_tree */
 	struct mutex		m_growlock;	/* growfs mutex */
 	int			m_fixedfsid[2];	/* unchanged for life of FS */
 	uint			m_dmevmask;	/* DMI events for this FS */
@@ -389,7 +389,12 @@ xfs_daddr_to_agbno(struct xfs_mount *mp, xfs_daddr_t d)
 static inline struct xfs_perag *
 xfs_perag_get(struct xfs_mount *mp, xfs_agnumber_t agno)
 {
-	return &mp->m_perag[agno];
+	struct xfs_perag	*pag;
+
+	spin_lock(&mp->m_perag_lock);
+	pag = radix_tree_lookup(&mp->m_perag_tree, agno);
+	spin_unlock(&mp->m_perag_lock);
+	return pag;
 }
 
 static inline void
@@ -450,7 +455,8 @@ extern struct xfs_dmops xfs_dmcore_xfs;
 #endif	/* __KERNEL__ */
 
 extern void	xfs_mod_sb(struct xfs_trans *, __int64_t);
-extern xfs_agnumber_t	xfs_initialize_perag(struct xfs_mount *, xfs_agnumber_t);
+extern int	xfs_initialize_perag(struct xfs_mount *, xfs_agnumber_t,
+					xfs_agnumber_t *);
 extern void	xfs_sb_from_disk(struct xfs_sb *, struct xfs_dsb *);
 extern void	xfs_sb_to_disk(struct xfs_dsb *, struct xfs_sb *, __int64_t);