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linux-sg2042/include/linux/mmu_notifier.h

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mmu-notifiers: core With KVM/GFP/XPMEM there isn't just the primary CPU MMU pointing to pages. There are secondary MMUs (with secondary sptes and secondary tlbs) too. sptes in the kvm case are shadow pagetables, but when I say spte in mmu-notifier context, I mean "secondary pte". In GRU case there's no actual secondary pte and there's only a secondary tlb because the GRU secondary MMU has no knowledge about sptes and every secondary tlb miss event in the MMU always generates a page fault that has to be resolved by the CPU (this is not the case of KVM where the a secondary tlb miss will walk sptes in hardware and it will refill the secondary tlb transparently to software if the corresponding spte is present). The same way zap_page_range has to invalidate the pte before freeing the page, the spte (and secondary tlb) must also be invalidated before any page is freed and reused. Currently we take a page_count pin on every page mapped by sptes, but that means the pages can't be swapped whenever they're mapped by any spte because they're part of the guest working set. Furthermore a spte unmap event can immediately lead to a page to be freed when the pin is released (so requiring the same complex and relatively slow tlb_gather smp safe logic we have in zap_page_range and that can be avoided completely if the spte unmap event doesn't require an unpin of the page previously mapped in the secondary MMU). The mmu notifiers allow kvm/GRU/XPMEM to attach to the tsk->mm and know when the VM is swapping or freeing or doing anything on the primary MMU so that the secondary MMU code can drop sptes before the pages are freed, avoiding all page pinning and allowing 100% reliable swapping of guest physical address space. Furthermore it avoids the code that teardown the mappings of the secondary MMU, to implement a logic like tlb_gather in zap_page_range that would require many IPI to flush other cpu tlbs, for each fixed number of spte unmapped. To make an example: if what happens on the primary MMU is a protection downgrade (from writeable to wrprotect) the secondary MMU mappings will be invalidated, and the next secondary-mmu-page-fault will call get_user_pages and trigger a do_wp_page through get_user_pages if it called get_user_pages with write=1, and it'll re-establishing an updated spte or secondary-tlb-mapping on the copied page. Or it will setup a readonly spte or readonly tlb mapping if it's a guest-read, if it calls get_user_pages with write=0. This is just an example. This allows to map any page pointed by any pte (and in turn visible in the primary CPU MMU), into a secondary MMU (be it a pure tlb like GRU, or an full MMU with both sptes and secondary-tlb like the shadow-pagetable layer with kvm), or a remote DMA in software like XPMEM (hence needing of schedule in XPMEM code to send the invalidate to the remote node, while no need to schedule in kvm/gru as it's an immediate event like invalidating primary-mmu pte). At least for KVM without this patch it's impossible to swap guests reliably. And having this feature and removing the page pin allows several other optimizations that simplify life considerably. Dependencies: 1) mm_take_all_locks() to register the mmu notifier when the whole VM isn't doing anything with "mm". This allows mmu notifier users to keep track if the VM is in the middle of the invalidate_range_begin/end critical section with an atomic counter incraese in range_begin and decreased in range_end. No secondary MMU page fault is allowed to map any spte or secondary tlb reference, while the VM is in the middle of range_begin/end as any page returned by get_user_pages in that critical section could later immediately be freed without any further ->invalidate_page notification (invalidate_range_begin/end works on ranges and ->invalidate_page isn't called immediately before freeing the page). To stop all page freeing and pagetable overwrites the mmap_sem must be taken in write mode and all other anon_vma/i_mmap locks must be taken too. 2) It'd be a waste to add branches in the VM if nobody could possibly run KVM/GRU/XPMEM on the kernel, so mmu notifiers will only enabled if CONFIG_KVM=m/y. In the current kernel kvm won't yet take advantage of mmu notifiers, but this already allows to compile a KVM external module against a kernel with mmu notifiers enabled and from the next pull from kvm.git we'll start using them. And GRU/XPMEM will also be able to continue the development by enabling KVM=m in their config, until they submit all GRU/XPMEM GPLv2 code to the mainline kernel. Then they can also enable MMU_NOTIFIERS in the same way KVM does it (even if KVM=n). This guarantees nobody selects MMU_NOTIFIER=y if KVM and GRU and XPMEM are all =n. The mmu_notifier_register call can fail because mm_take_all_locks may be interrupted by a signal and return -EINTR. Because mmu_notifier_reigster is used when a driver startup, a failure can be gracefully handled. Here an example of the change applied to kvm to register the mmu notifiers. Usually when a driver startups other allocations are required anyway and -ENOMEM failure paths exists already. struct kvm *kvm_arch_create_vm(void) { struct kvm *kvm = kzalloc(sizeof(struct kvm), GFP_KERNEL); + int err; if (!kvm) return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM); INIT_LIST_HEAD(&kvm->arch.active_mmu_pages); + kvm->arch.mmu_notifier.ops = &kvm_mmu_notifier_ops; + err = mmu_notifier_register(&kvm->arch.mmu_notifier, current->mm); + if (err) { + kfree(kvm); + return ERR_PTR(err); + } + return kvm; } mmu_notifier_unregister returns void and it's reliable. The patch also adds a few needed but missing includes that would prevent kernel to compile after these changes on non-x86 archs (x86 didn't need them by luck). [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/filemap_xip.c build] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/mmu_notifier.c build] Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@qumranet.com> Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Jack Steiner <steiner@sgi.com> Cc: Robin Holt <holt@sgi.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Kanoj Sarcar <kanojsarcar@yahoo.com> Cc: Roland Dreier <rdreier@cisco.com> Cc: Steve Wise <swise@opengridcomputing.com> Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com> Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com> Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <marcelo@kvack.org> Cc: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com> Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@us.ibm.com> Cc: Izik Eidus <izike@qumranet.com> Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-07-29 06:46:29 +08:00
#ifndef _LINUX_MMU_NOTIFIER_H
#define _LINUX_MMU_NOTIFIER_H
#include <linux/list.h>
#include <linux/spinlock.h>
#include <linux/mm_types.h>
mm: mmu_notifier: have mmu_notifiers use a global SRCU so they may safely schedule With an RCU based mmu_notifier implementation, any callout to mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_{start,end}() or mmu_notifier_invalidate_page() would not be allowed to call schedule() as that could potentially allow a modification to the mmu_notifier structure while it is currently being used. Since srcu allocs 4 machine words per instance per cpu, we may end up with memory exhaustion if we use srcu per mm. So all mms share a global srcu. Note that during large mmu_notifier activity exit & unregister paths might hang for longer periods, but it is tolerable for current mmu_notifier clients. Signed-off-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagig@mellanox.co.il> Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Haggai Eran <haggaie@mellanox.com> Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-10-09 07:29:24 +08:00
#include <linux/srcu.h>
mmu-notifiers: core With KVM/GFP/XPMEM there isn't just the primary CPU MMU pointing to pages. There are secondary MMUs (with secondary sptes and secondary tlbs) too. sptes in the kvm case are shadow pagetables, but when I say spte in mmu-notifier context, I mean "secondary pte". In GRU case there's no actual secondary pte and there's only a secondary tlb because the GRU secondary MMU has no knowledge about sptes and every secondary tlb miss event in the MMU always generates a page fault that has to be resolved by the CPU (this is not the case of KVM where the a secondary tlb miss will walk sptes in hardware and it will refill the secondary tlb transparently to software if the corresponding spte is present). The same way zap_page_range has to invalidate the pte before freeing the page, the spte (and secondary tlb) must also be invalidated before any page is freed and reused. Currently we take a page_count pin on every page mapped by sptes, but that means the pages can't be swapped whenever they're mapped by any spte because they're part of the guest working set. Furthermore a spte unmap event can immediately lead to a page to be freed when the pin is released (so requiring the same complex and relatively slow tlb_gather smp safe logic we have in zap_page_range and that can be avoided completely if the spte unmap event doesn't require an unpin of the page previously mapped in the secondary MMU). The mmu notifiers allow kvm/GRU/XPMEM to attach to the tsk->mm and know when the VM is swapping or freeing or doing anything on the primary MMU so that the secondary MMU code can drop sptes before the pages are freed, avoiding all page pinning and allowing 100% reliable swapping of guest physical address space. Furthermore it avoids the code that teardown the mappings of the secondary MMU, to implement a logic like tlb_gather in zap_page_range that would require many IPI to flush other cpu tlbs, for each fixed number of spte unmapped. To make an example: if what happens on the primary MMU is a protection downgrade (from writeable to wrprotect) the secondary MMU mappings will be invalidated, and the next secondary-mmu-page-fault will call get_user_pages and trigger a do_wp_page through get_user_pages if it called get_user_pages with write=1, and it'll re-establishing an updated spte or secondary-tlb-mapping on the copied page. Or it will setup a readonly spte or readonly tlb mapping if it's a guest-read, if it calls get_user_pages with write=0. This is just an example. This allows to map any page pointed by any pte (and in turn visible in the primary CPU MMU), into a secondary MMU (be it a pure tlb like GRU, or an full MMU with both sptes and secondary-tlb like the shadow-pagetable layer with kvm), or a remote DMA in software like XPMEM (hence needing of schedule in XPMEM code to send the invalidate to the remote node, while no need to schedule in kvm/gru as it's an immediate event like invalidating primary-mmu pte). At least for KVM without this patch it's impossible to swap guests reliably. And having this feature and removing the page pin allows several other optimizations that simplify life considerably. Dependencies: 1) mm_take_all_locks() to register the mmu notifier when the whole VM isn't doing anything with "mm". This allows mmu notifier users to keep track if the VM is in the middle of the invalidate_range_begin/end critical section with an atomic counter incraese in range_begin and decreased in range_end. No secondary MMU page fault is allowed to map any spte or secondary tlb reference, while the VM is in the middle of range_begin/end as any page returned by get_user_pages in that critical section could later immediately be freed without any further ->invalidate_page notification (invalidate_range_begin/end works on ranges and ->invalidate_page isn't called immediately before freeing the page). To stop all page freeing and pagetable overwrites the mmap_sem must be taken in write mode and all other anon_vma/i_mmap locks must be taken too. 2) It'd be a waste to add branches in the VM if nobody could possibly run KVM/GRU/XPMEM on the kernel, so mmu notifiers will only enabled if CONFIG_KVM=m/y. In the current kernel kvm won't yet take advantage of mmu notifiers, but this already allows to compile a KVM external module against a kernel with mmu notifiers enabled and from the next pull from kvm.git we'll start using them. And GRU/XPMEM will also be able to continue the development by enabling KVM=m in their config, until they submit all GRU/XPMEM GPLv2 code to the mainline kernel. Then they can also enable MMU_NOTIFIERS in the same way KVM does it (even if KVM=n). This guarantees nobody selects MMU_NOTIFIER=y if KVM and GRU and XPMEM are all =n. The mmu_notifier_register call can fail because mm_take_all_locks may be interrupted by a signal and return -EINTR. Because mmu_notifier_reigster is used when a driver startup, a failure can be gracefully handled. Here an example of the change applied to kvm to register the mmu notifiers. Usually when a driver startups other allocations are required anyway and -ENOMEM failure paths exists already. struct kvm *kvm_arch_create_vm(void) { struct kvm *kvm = kzalloc(sizeof(struct kvm), GFP_KERNEL); + int err; if (!kvm) return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM); INIT_LIST_HEAD(&kvm->arch.active_mmu_pages); + kvm->arch.mmu_notifier.ops = &kvm_mmu_notifier_ops; + err = mmu_notifier_register(&kvm->arch.mmu_notifier, current->mm); + if (err) { + kfree(kvm); + return ERR_PTR(err); + } + return kvm; } mmu_notifier_unregister returns void and it's reliable. The patch also adds a few needed but missing includes that would prevent kernel to compile after these changes on non-x86 archs (x86 didn't need them by luck). [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/filemap_xip.c build] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/mmu_notifier.c build] Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@qumranet.com> Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Jack Steiner <steiner@sgi.com> Cc: Robin Holt <holt@sgi.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Kanoj Sarcar <kanojsarcar@yahoo.com> Cc: Roland Dreier <rdreier@cisco.com> Cc: Steve Wise <swise@opengridcomputing.com> Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com> Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com> Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <marcelo@kvack.org> Cc: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com> Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@us.ibm.com> Cc: Izik Eidus <izike@qumranet.com> Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-07-29 06:46:29 +08:00
struct mmu_notifier;
struct mmu_notifier_ops;
#ifdef CONFIG_MMU_NOTIFIER
/*
* The mmu notifier_mm structure is allocated and installed in
* mm->mmu_notifier_mm inside the mm_take_all_locks() protected
* critical section and it's released only when mm_count reaches zero
* in mmdrop().
*/
struct mmu_notifier_mm {
/* all mmu notifiers registerd in this mm are queued in this list */
struct hlist_head list;
/* to serialize the list modifications and hlist_unhashed */
spinlock_t lock;
};
struct mmu_notifier_ops {
/*
* Called either by mmu_notifier_unregister or when the mm is
* being destroyed by exit_mmap, always before all pages are
* freed. This can run concurrently with other mmu notifier
* methods (the ones invoked outside the mm context) and it
* should tear down all secondary mmu mappings and freeze the
* secondary mmu. If this method isn't implemented you've to
* be sure that nothing could possibly write to the pages
* through the secondary mmu by the time the last thread with
* tsk->mm == mm exits.
*
* As side note: the pages freed after ->release returns could
* be immediately reallocated by the gart at an alias physical
* address with a different cache model, so if ->release isn't
* implemented because all _software_ driven memory accesses
* through the secondary mmu are terminated by the time the
* last thread of this mm quits, you've also to be sure that
* speculative _hardware_ operations can't allocate dirty
* cachelines in the cpu that could not be snooped and made
* coherent with the other read and write operations happening
* through the gart alias address, so leading to memory
* corruption.
*/
void (*release)(struct mmu_notifier *mn,
struct mm_struct *mm);
/*
* clear_flush_young is called after the VM is
* test-and-clearing the young/accessed bitflag in the
* pte. This way the VM will provide proper aging to the
* accesses to the page through the secondary MMUs and not
* only to the ones through the Linux pte.
kvm: Fix page ageing bugs 1. We were calling clear_flush_young_notify in unmap_one, but we are within an mmu notifier invalidate range scope. The spte exists no more (due to range_start) and the accessed bit info has already been propagated (due to kvm_pfn_set_accessed). Simply call clear_flush_young. 2. We clear_flush_young on a primary MMU PMD, but this may be mapped as a collection of PTEs by the secondary MMU (e.g. during log-dirty). This required expanding the interface of the clear_flush_young mmu notifier, so a lot of code has been trivially touched. 3. In the absence of shadow_accessed_mask (e.g. EPT A bit), we emulate the access bit by blowing the spte. This requires proper synchronizing with MMU notifier consumers, like every other removal of spte's does. Signed-off-by: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2014-09-23 05:54:42 +08:00
* Start-end is necessary in case the secondary MMU is mapping the page
* at a smaller granularity than the primary MMU.
mmu-notifiers: core With KVM/GFP/XPMEM there isn't just the primary CPU MMU pointing to pages. There are secondary MMUs (with secondary sptes and secondary tlbs) too. sptes in the kvm case are shadow pagetables, but when I say spte in mmu-notifier context, I mean "secondary pte". In GRU case there's no actual secondary pte and there's only a secondary tlb because the GRU secondary MMU has no knowledge about sptes and every secondary tlb miss event in the MMU always generates a page fault that has to be resolved by the CPU (this is not the case of KVM where the a secondary tlb miss will walk sptes in hardware and it will refill the secondary tlb transparently to software if the corresponding spte is present). The same way zap_page_range has to invalidate the pte before freeing the page, the spte (and secondary tlb) must also be invalidated before any page is freed and reused. Currently we take a page_count pin on every page mapped by sptes, but that means the pages can't be swapped whenever they're mapped by any spte because they're part of the guest working set. Furthermore a spte unmap event can immediately lead to a page to be freed when the pin is released (so requiring the same complex and relatively slow tlb_gather smp safe logic we have in zap_page_range and that can be avoided completely if the spte unmap event doesn't require an unpin of the page previously mapped in the secondary MMU). The mmu notifiers allow kvm/GRU/XPMEM to attach to the tsk->mm and know when the VM is swapping or freeing or doing anything on the primary MMU so that the secondary MMU code can drop sptes before the pages are freed, avoiding all page pinning and allowing 100% reliable swapping of guest physical address space. Furthermore it avoids the code that teardown the mappings of the secondary MMU, to implement a logic like tlb_gather in zap_page_range that would require many IPI to flush other cpu tlbs, for each fixed number of spte unmapped. To make an example: if what happens on the primary MMU is a protection downgrade (from writeable to wrprotect) the secondary MMU mappings will be invalidated, and the next secondary-mmu-page-fault will call get_user_pages and trigger a do_wp_page through get_user_pages if it called get_user_pages with write=1, and it'll re-establishing an updated spte or secondary-tlb-mapping on the copied page. Or it will setup a readonly spte or readonly tlb mapping if it's a guest-read, if it calls get_user_pages with write=0. This is just an example. This allows to map any page pointed by any pte (and in turn visible in the primary CPU MMU), into a secondary MMU (be it a pure tlb like GRU, or an full MMU with both sptes and secondary-tlb like the shadow-pagetable layer with kvm), or a remote DMA in software like XPMEM (hence needing of schedule in XPMEM code to send the invalidate to the remote node, while no need to schedule in kvm/gru as it's an immediate event like invalidating primary-mmu pte). At least for KVM without this patch it's impossible to swap guests reliably. And having this feature and removing the page pin allows several other optimizations that simplify life considerably. Dependencies: 1) mm_take_all_locks() to register the mmu notifier when the whole VM isn't doing anything with "mm". This allows mmu notifier users to keep track if the VM is in the middle of the invalidate_range_begin/end critical section with an atomic counter incraese in range_begin and decreased in range_end. No secondary MMU page fault is allowed to map any spte or secondary tlb reference, while the VM is in the middle of range_begin/end as any page returned by get_user_pages in that critical section could later immediately be freed without any further ->invalidate_page notification (invalidate_range_begin/end works on ranges and ->invalidate_page isn't called immediately before freeing the page). To stop all page freeing and pagetable overwrites the mmap_sem must be taken in write mode and all other anon_vma/i_mmap locks must be taken too. 2) It'd be a waste to add branches in the VM if nobody could possibly run KVM/GRU/XPMEM on the kernel, so mmu notifiers will only enabled if CONFIG_KVM=m/y. In the current kernel kvm won't yet take advantage of mmu notifiers, but this already allows to compile a KVM external module against a kernel with mmu notifiers enabled and from the next pull from kvm.git we'll start using them. And GRU/XPMEM will also be able to continue the development by enabling KVM=m in their config, until they submit all GRU/XPMEM GPLv2 code to the mainline kernel. Then they can also enable MMU_NOTIFIERS in the same way KVM does it (even if KVM=n). This guarantees nobody selects MMU_NOTIFIER=y if KVM and GRU and XPMEM are all =n. The mmu_notifier_register call can fail because mm_take_all_locks may be interrupted by a signal and return -EINTR. Because mmu_notifier_reigster is used when a driver startup, a failure can be gracefully handled. Here an example of the change applied to kvm to register the mmu notifiers. Usually when a driver startups other allocations are required anyway and -ENOMEM failure paths exists already. struct kvm *kvm_arch_create_vm(void) { struct kvm *kvm = kzalloc(sizeof(struct kvm), GFP_KERNEL); + int err; if (!kvm) return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM); INIT_LIST_HEAD(&kvm->arch.active_mmu_pages); + kvm->arch.mmu_notifier.ops = &kvm_mmu_notifier_ops; + err = mmu_notifier_register(&kvm->arch.mmu_notifier, current->mm); + if (err) { + kfree(kvm); + return ERR_PTR(err); + } + return kvm; } mmu_notifier_unregister returns void and it's reliable. The patch also adds a few needed but missing includes that would prevent kernel to compile after these changes on non-x86 archs (x86 didn't need them by luck). [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/filemap_xip.c build] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/mmu_notifier.c build] Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@qumranet.com> Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Jack Steiner <steiner@sgi.com> Cc: Robin Holt <holt@sgi.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Kanoj Sarcar <kanojsarcar@yahoo.com> Cc: Roland Dreier <rdreier@cisco.com> Cc: Steve Wise <swise@opengridcomputing.com> Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com> Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com> Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <marcelo@kvack.org> Cc: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com> Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@us.ibm.com> Cc: Izik Eidus <izike@qumranet.com> Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-07-29 06:46:29 +08:00
*/
int (*clear_flush_young)(struct mmu_notifier *mn,
struct mm_struct *mm,
kvm: Fix page ageing bugs 1. We were calling clear_flush_young_notify in unmap_one, but we are within an mmu notifier invalidate range scope. The spte exists no more (due to range_start) and the accessed bit info has already been propagated (due to kvm_pfn_set_accessed). Simply call clear_flush_young. 2. We clear_flush_young on a primary MMU PMD, but this may be mapped as a collection of PTEs by the secondary MMU (e.g. during log-dirty). This required expanding the interface of the clear_flush_young mmu notifier, so a lot of code has been trivially touched. 3. In the absence of shadow_accessed_mask (e.g. EPT A bit), we emulate the access bit by blowing the spte. This requires proper synchronizing with MMU notifier consumers, like every other removal of spte's does. Signed-off-by: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2014-09-23 05:54:42 +08:00
unsigned long start,
unsigned long end);
mmu-notifiers: core With KVM/GFP/XPMEM there isn't just the primary CPU MMU pointing to pages. There are secondary MMUs (with secondary sptes and secondary tlbs) too. sptes in the kvm case are shadow pagetables, but when I say spte in mmu-notifier context, I mean "secondary pte". In GRU case there's no actual secondary pte and there's only a secondary tlb because the GRU secondary MMU has no knowledge about sptes and every secondary tlb miss event in the MMU always generates a page fault that has to be resolved by the CPU (this is not the case of KVM where the a secondary tlb miss will walk sptes in hardware and it will refill the secondary tlb transparently to software if the corresponding spte is present). The same way zap_page_range has to invalidate the pte before freeing the page, the spte (and secondary tlb) must also be invalidated before any page is freed and reused. Currently we take a page_count pin on every page mapped by sptes, but that means the pages can't be swapped whenever they're mapped by any spte because they're part of the guest working set. Furthermore a spte unmap event can immediately lead to a page to be freed when the pin is released (so requiring the same complex and relatively slow tlb_gather smp safe logic we have in zap_page_range and that can be avoided completely if the spte unmap event doesn't require an unpin of the page previously mapped in the secondary MMU). The mmu notifiers allow kvm/GRU/XPMEM to attach to the tsk->mm and know when the VM is swapping or freeing or doing anything on the primary MMU so that the secondary MMU code can drop sptes before the pages are freed, avoiding all page pinning and allowing 100% reliable swapping of guest physical address space. Furthermore it avoids the code that teardown the mappings of the secondary MMU, to implement a logic like tlb_gather in zap_page_range that would require many IPI to flush other cpu tlbs, for each fixed number of spte unmapped. To make an example: if what happens on the primary MMU is a protection downgrade (from writeable to wrprotect) the secondary MMU mappings will be invalidated, and the next secondary-mmu-page-fault will call get_user_pages and trigger a do_wp_page through get_user_pages if it called get_user_pages with write=1, and it'll re-establishing an updated spte or secondary-tlb-mapping on the copied page. Or it will setup a readonly spte or readonly tlb mapping if it's a guest-read, if it calls get_user_pages with write=0. This is just an example. This allows to map any page pointed by any pte (and in turn visible in the primary CPU MMU), into a secondary MMU (be it a pure tlb like GRU, or an full MMU with both sptes and secondary-tlb like the shadow-pagetable layer with kvm), or a remote DMA in software like XPMEM (hence needing of schedule in XPMEM code to send the invalidate to the remote node, while no need to schedule in kvm/gru as it's an immediate event like invalidating primary-mmu pte). At least for KVM without this patch it's impossible to swap guests reliably. And having this feature and removing the page pin allows several other optimizations that simplify life considerably. Dependencies: 1) mm_take_all_locks() to register the mmu notifier when the whole VM isn't doing anything with "mm". This allows mmu notifier users to keep track if the VM is in the middle of the invalidate_range_begin/end critical section with an atomic counter incraese in range_begin and decreased in range_end. No secondary MMU page fault is allowed to map any spte or secondary tlb reference, while the VM is in the middle of range_begin/end as any page returned by get_user_pages in that critical section could later immediately be freed without any further ->invalidate_page notification (invalidate_range_begin/end works on ranges and ->invalidate_page isn't called immediately before freeing the page). To stop all page freeing and pagetable overwrites the mmap_sem must be taken in write mode and all other anon_vma/i_mmap locks must be taken too. 2) It'd be a waste to add branches in the VM if nobody could possibly run KVM/GRU/XPMEM on the kernel, so mmu notifiers will only enabled if CONFIG_KVM=m/y. In the current kernel kvm won't yet take advantage of mmu notifiers, but this already allows to compile a KVM external module against a kernel with mmu notifiers enabled and from the next pull from kvm.git we'll start using them. And GRU/XPMEM will also be able to continue the development by enabling KVM=m in their config, until they submit all GRU/XPMEM GPLv2 code to the mainline kernel. Then they can also enable MMU_NOTIFIERS in the same way KVM does it (even if KVM=n). This guarantees nobody selects MMU_NOTIFIER=y if KVM and GRU and XPMEM are all =n. The mmu_notifier_register call can fail because mm_take_all_locks may be interrupted by a signal and return -EINTR. Because mmu_notifier_reigster is used when a driver startup, a failure can be gracefully handled. Here an example of the change applied to kvm to register the mmu notifiers. Usually when a driver startups other allocations are required anyway and -ENOMEM failure paths exists already. struct kvm *kvm_arch_create_vm(void) { struct kvm *kvm = kzalloc(sizeof(struct kvm), GFP_KERNEL); + int err; if (!kvm) return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM); INIT_LIST_HEAD(&kvm->arch.active_mmu_pages); + kvm->arch.mmu_notifier.ops = &kvm_mmu_notifier_ops; + err = mmu_notifier_register(&kvm->arch.mmu_notifier, current->mm); + if (err) { + kfree(kvm); + return ERR_PTR(err); + } + return kvm; } mmu_notifier_unregister returns void and it's reliable. The patch also adds a few needed but missing includes that would prevent kernel to compile after these changes on non-x86 archs (x86 didn't need them by luck). [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/filemap_xip.c build] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/mmu_notifier.c build] Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@qumranet.com> Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Jack Steiner <steiner@sgi.com> Cc: Robin Holt <holt@sgi.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Kanoj Sarcar <kanojsarcar@yahoo.com> Cc: Roland Dreier <rdreier@cisco.com> Cc: Steve Wise <swise@opengridcomputing.com> Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com> Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com> Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <marcelo@kvack.org> Cc: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com> Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@us.ibm.com> Cc: Izik Eidus <izike@qumranet.com> Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-07-29 06:46:29 +08:00
mmu-notifier: add clear_young callback In the scope of the idle memory tracking feature, which is introduced by the following patch, we need to clear the referenced/accessed bit not only in primary, but also in secondary ptes. The latter is required in order to estimate wss of KVM VMs. At the same time we want to avoid flushing tlb, because it is quite expensive and it won't really affect the final result. Currently, there is no function for clearing pte young bit that would meet our requirements, so this patch introduces one. To achieve that we have to add a new mmu-notifier callback, clear_young, since there is no method for testing-and-clearing a secondary pte w/o flushing tlb. The new method is not mandatory and currently only implemented by KVM. Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com> Reviewed-by: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com> Acked-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Raghavendra K T <raghavendra.kt@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com> Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-09-10 06:35:41 +08:00
/*
* clear_young is a lightweight version of clear_flush_young. Like the
* latter, it is supposed to test-and-clear the young/accessed bitflag
* in the secondary pte, but it may omit flushing the secondary tlb.
*/
int (*clear_young)(struct mmu_notifier *mn,
struct mm_struct *mm,
unsigned long start,
unsigned long end);
thp: mmu_notifier_test_young For GRU and EPT, we need gup-fast to set referenced bit too (this is why it's correct to return 0 when shadow_access_mask is zero, it requires gup-fast to set the referenced bit). qemu-kvm access already sets the young bit in the pte if it isn't zero-copy, if it's zero copy or a shadow paging EPT minor fault we relay on gup-fast to signal the page is in use... We also need to check the young bits on the secondary pagetables for NPT and not nested shadow mmu as the data may never get accessed again by the primary pte. Without this closer accuracy, we'd have to remove the heuristic that avoids collapsing hugepages in hugepage virtual regions that have not even a single subpage in use. ->test_young is full backwards compatible with GRU and other usages that don't have young bits in pagetables set by the hardware and that should nuke the secondary mmu mappings when ->clear_flush_young runs just like EPT does. Removing the heuristic that checks the young bit in khugepaged/collapse_huge_page completely isn't so bad either probably but I thought it was worth it and this makes it reliable. Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2011-01-14 07:47:10 +08:00
/*
* test_young is called to check the young/accessed bitflag in
* the secondary pte. This is used to know if the page is
* frequently used without actually clearing the flag or tearing
* down the secondary mapping on the page.
*/
int (*test_young)(struct mmu_notifier *mn,
struct mm_struct *mm,
unsigned long address);
ksm: add mmu_notifier set_pte_at_notify() KSM is a linux driver that allows dynamicly sharing identical memory pages between one or more processes. Unlike tradtional page sharing that is made at the allocation of the memory, ksm do it dynamicly after the memory was created. Memory is periodically scanned; identical pages are identified and merged. The sharing is made in a transparent way to the processes that use it. Ksm is highly important for hypervisors (kvm), where in production enviorments there might be many copys of the same data data among the host memory. This kind of data can be: similar kernels, librarys, cache, and so on. Even that ksm was wrote for kvm, any userspace application that want to use it to share its data can try it. Ksm may be useful for any application that might have similar (page aligment) data strctures among the memory, ksm will find this data merge it to one copy, and even if it will be changed and thereforew copy on writed, ksm will merge it again as soon as it will be identical again. Another reason to consider using ksm is the fact that it might simplify alot the userspace code of application that want to use shared private data, instead that the application will mange shared area, ksm will do this for the application, and even write to this data will be allowed without any synchinization acts from the application. Ksm was designed to be a loadable module that doesn't change the VM code of linux. This patch: The set_pte_at_notify() macro allows setting a pte in the shadow page table directly, instead of flushing the shadow page table entry and then getting vmexit to set it. It uses a new change_pte() callback to do so. set_pte_at_notify() is an optimization for kvm, and other users of mmu_notifiers, for COW pages. It is useful for kvm when ksm is used, because it allows kvm not to have to receive vmexit and only then map the ksm page into the shadow page table, but instead map it directly at the same time as Linux maps the page into the host page table. Users of mmu_notifiers who don't implement new mmu_notifier_change_pte() callback will just receive the mmu_notifier_invalidate_page() callback. Signed-off-by: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com> Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 08:01:51 +08:00
/*
* change_pte is called in cases that pte mapping to page is changed:
* for example, when ksm remaps pte to point to a new shared page.
*/
void (*change_pte)(struct mmu_notifier *mn,
struct mm_struct *mm,
unsigned long address,
pte_t pte);
mmu-notifiers: core With KVM/GFP/XPMEM there isn't just the primary CPU MMU pointing to pages. There are secondary MMUs (with secondary sptes and secondary tlbs) too. sptes in the kvm case are shadow pagetables, but when I say spte in mmu-notifier context, I mean "secondary pte". In GRU case there's no actual secondary pte and there's only a secondary tlb because the GRU secondary MMU has no knowledge about sptes and every secondary tlb miss event in the MMU always generates a page fault that has to be resolved by the CPU (this is not the case of KVM where the a secondary tlb miss will walk sptes in hardware and it will refill the secondary tlb transparently to software if the corresponding spte is present). The same way zap_page_range has to invalidate the pte before freeing the page, the spte (and secondary tlb) must also be invalidated before any page is freed and reused. Currently we take a page_count pin on every page mapped by sptes, but that means the pages can't be swapped whenever they're mapped by any spte because they're part of the guest working set. Furthermore a spte unmap event can immediately lead to a page to be freed when the pin is released (so requiring the same complex and relatively slow tlb_gather smp safe logic we have in zap_page_range and that can be avoided completely if the spte unmap event doesn't require an unpin of the page previously mapped in the secondary MMU). The mmu notifiers allow kvm/GRU/XPMEM to attach to the tsk->mm and know when the VM is swapping or freeing or doing anything on the primary MMU so that the secondary MMU code can drop sptes before the pages are freed, avoiding all page pinning and allowing 100% reliable swapping of guest physical address space. Furthermore it avoids the code that teardown the mappings of the secondary MMU, to implement a logic like tlb_gather in zap_page_range that would require many IPI to flush other cpu tlbs, for each fixed number of spte unmapped. To make an example: if what happens on the primary MMU is a protection downgrade (from writeable to wrprotect) the secondary MMU mappings will be invalidated, and the next secondary-mmu-page-fault will call get_user_pages and trigger a do_wp_page through get_user_pages if it called get_user_pages with write=1, and it'll re-establishing an updated spte or secondary-tlb-mapping on the copied page. Or it will setup a readonly spte or readonly tlb mapping if it's a guest-read, if it calls get_user_pages with write=0. This is just an example. This allows to map any page pointed by any pte (and in turn visible in the primary CPU MMU), into a secondary MMU (be it a pure tlb like GRU, or an full MMU with both sptes and secondary-tlb like the shadow-pagetable layer with kvm), or a remote DMA in software like XPMEM (hence needing of schedule in XPMEM code to send the invalidate to the remote node, while no need to schedule in kvm/gru as it's an immediate event like invalidating primary-mmu pte). At least for KVM without this patch it's impossible to swap guests reliably. And having this feature and removing the page pin allows several other optimizations that simplify life considerably. Dependencies: 1) mm_take_all_locks() to register the mmu notifier when the whole VM isn't doing anything with "mm". This allows mmu notifier users to keep track if the VM is in the middle of the invalidate_range_begin/end critical section with an atomic counter incraese in range_begin and decreased in range_end. No secondary MMU page fault is allowed to map any spte or secondary tlb reference, while the VM is in the middle of range_begin/end as any page returned by get_user_pages in that critical section could later immediately be freed without any further ->invalidate_page notification (invalidate_range_begin/end works on ranges and ->invalidate_page isn't called immediately before freeing the page). To stop all page freeing and pagetable overwrites the mmap_sem must be taken in write mode and all other anon_vma/i_mmap locks must be taken too. 2) It'd be a waste to add branches in the VM if nobody could possibly run KVM/GRU/XPMEM on the kernel, so mmu notifiers will only enabled if CONFIG_KVM=m/y. In the current kernel kvm won't yet take advantage of mmu notifiers, but this already allows to compile a KVM external module against a kernel with mmu notifiers enabled and from the next pull from kvm.git we'll start using them. And GRU/XPMEM will also be able to continue the development by enabling KVM=m in their config, until they submit all GRU/XPMEM GPLv2 code to the mainline kernel. Then they can also enable MMU_NOTIFIERS in the same way KVM does it (even if KVM=n). This guarantees nobody selects MMU_NOTIFIER=y if KVM and GRU and XPMEM are all =n. The mmu_notifier_register call can fail because mm_take_all_locks may be interrupted by a signal and return -EINTR. Because mmu_notifier_reigster is used when a driver startup, a failure can be gracefully handled. Here an example of the change applied to kvm to register the mmu notifiers. Usually when a driver startups other allocations are required anyway and -ENOMEM failure paths exists already. struct kvm *kvm_arch_create_vm(void) { struct kvm *kvm = kzalloc(sizeof(struct kvm), GFP_KERNEL); + int err; if (!kvm) return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM); INIT_LIST_HEAD(&kvm->arch.active_mmu_pages); + kvm->arch.mmu_notifier.ops = &kvm_mmu_notifier_ops; + err = mmu_notifier_register(&kvm->arch.mmu_notifier, current->mm); + if (err) { + kfree(kvm); + return ERR_PTR(err); + } + return kvm; } mmu_notifier_unregister returns void and it's reliable. The patch also adds a few needed but missing includes that would prevent kernel to compile after these changes on non-x86 archs (x86 didn't need them by luck). [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/filemap_xip.c build] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/mmu_notifier.c build] Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@qumranet.com> Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Jack Steiner <steiner@sgi.com> Cc: Robin Holt <holt@sgi.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Kanoj Sarcar <kanojsarcar@yahoo.com> Cc: Roland Dreier <rdreier@cisco.com> Cc: Steve Wise <swise@opengridcomputing.com> Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com> Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com> Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <marcelo@kvack.org> Cc: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com> Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@us.ibm.com> Cc: Izik Eidus <izike@qumranet.com> Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-07-29 06:46:29 +08:00
/*
* invalidate_range_start() and invalidate_range_end() must be
* paired and are called only when the mmap_sem and/or the
mmu_notifier: add the callback for mmu_notifier_invalidate_range() Now that the mmu_notifier_invalidate_range() calls are in place, add the callback to allow subsystems to register against it. Signed-off-by: Joerg Roedel <jroedel@suse.de> Reviewed-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Jérôme Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Johannes Weiner <jweiner@redhat.com> Cc: Jay Cornwall <Jay.Cornwall@amd.com> Cc: Oded Gabbay <Oded.Gabbay@amd.com> Cc: Suravee Suthikulpanit <Suravee.Suthikulpanit@amd.com> Cc: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org> Cc: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Oded Gabbay <oded.gabbay@amd.com>
2014-11-13 10:46:09 +08:00
* locks protecting the reverse maps are held. If the subsystem
* can't guarantee that no additional references are taken to
* the pages in the range, it has to implement the
* invalidate_range() notifier to remove any references taken
* after invalidate_range_start().
mmu-notifiers: core With KVM/GFP/XPMEM there isn't just the primary CPU MMU pointing to pages. There are secondary MMUs (with secondary sptes and secondary tlbs) too. sptes in the kvm case are shadow pagetables, but when I say spte in mmu-notifier context, I mean "secondary pte". In GRU case there's no actual secondary pte and there's only a secondary tlb because the GRU secondary MMU has no knowledge about sptes and every secondary tlb miss event in the MMU always generates a page fault that has to be resolved by the CPU (this is not the case of KVM where the a secondary tlb miss will walk sptes in hardware and it will refill the secondary tlb transparently to software if the corresponding spte is present). The same way zap_page_range has to invalidate the pte before freeing the page, the spte (and secondary tlb) must also be invalidated before any page is freed and reused. Currently we take a page_count pin on every page mapped by sptes, but that means the pages can't be swapped whenever they're mapped by any spte because they're part of the guest working set. Furthermore a spte unmap event can immediately lead to a page to be freed when the pin is released (so requiring the same complex and relatively slow tlb_gather smp safe logic we have in zap_page_range and that can be avoided completely if the spte unmap event doesn't require an unpin of the page previously mapped in the secondary MMU). The mmu notifiers allow kvm/GRU/XPMEM to attach to the tsk->mm and know when the VM is swapping or freeing or doing anything on the primary MMU so that the secondary MMU code can drop sptes before the pages are freed, avoiding all page pinning and allowing 100% reliable swapping of guest physical address space. Furthermore it avoids the code that teardown the mappings of the secondary MMU, to implement a logic like tlb_gather in zap_page_range that would require many IPI to flush other cpu tlbs, for each fixed number of spte unmapped. To make an example: if what happens on the primary MMU is a protection downgrade (from writeable to wrprotect) the secondary MMU mappings will be invalidated, and the next secondary-mmu-page-fault will call get_user_pages and trigger a do_wp_page through get_user_pages if it called get_user_pages with write=1, and it'll re-establishing an updated spte or secondary-tlb-mapping on the copied page. Or it will setup a readonly spte or readonly tlb mapping if it's a guest-read, if it calls get_user_pages with write=0. This is just an example. This allows to map any page pointed by any pte (and in turn visible in the primary CPU MMU), into a secondary MMU (be it a pure tlb like GRU, or an full MMU with both sptes and secondary-tlb like the shadow-pagetable layer with kvm), or a remote DMA in software like XPMEM (hence needing of schedule in XPMEM code to send the invalidate to the remote node, while no need to schedule in kvm/gru as it's an immediate event like invalidating primary-mmu pte). At least for KVM without this patch it's impossible to swap guests reliably. And having this feature and removing the page pin allows several other optimizations that simplify life considerably. Dependencies: 1) mm_take_all_locks() to register the mmu notifier when the whole VM isn't doing anything with "mm". This allows mmu notifier users to keep track if the VM is in the middle of the invalidate_range_begin/end critical section with an atomic counter incraese in range_begin and decreased in range_end. No secondary MMU page fault is allowed to map any spte or secondary tlb reference, while the VM is in the middle of range_begin/end as any page returned by get_user_pages in that critical section could later immediately be freed without any further ->invalidate_page notification (invalidate_range_begin/end works on ranges and ->invalidate_page isn't called immediately before freeing the page). To stop all page freeing and pagetable overwrites the mmap_sem must be taken in write mode and all other anon_vma/i_mmap locks must be taken too. 2) It'd be a waste to add branches in the VM if nobody could possibly run KVM/GRU/XPMEM on the kernel, so mmu notifiers will only enabled if CONFIG_KVM=m/y. In the current kernel kvm won't yet take advantage of mmu notifiers, but this already allows to compile a KVM external module against a kernel with mmu notifiers enabled and from the next pull from kvm.git we'll start using them. And GRU/XPMEM will also be able to continue the development by enabling KVM=m in their config, until they submit all GRU/XPMEM GPLv2 code to the mainline kernel. Then they can also enable MMU_NOTIFIERS in the same way KVM does it (even if KVM=n). This guarantees nobody selects MMU_NOTIFIER=y if KVM and GRU and XPMEM are all =n. The mmu_notifier_register call can fail because mm_take_all_locks may be interrupted by a signal and return -EINTR. Because mmu_notifier_reigster is used when a driver startup, a failure can be gracefully handled. Here an example of the change applied to kvm to register the mmu notifiers. Usually when a driver startups other allocations are required anyway and -ENOMEM failure paths exists already. struct kvm *kvm_arch_create_vm(void) { struct kvm *kvm = kzalloc(sizeof(struct kvm), GFP_KERNEL); + int err; if (!kvm) return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM); INIT_LIST_HEAD(&kvm->arch.active_mmu_pages); + kvm->arch.mmu_notifier.ops = &kvm_mmu_notifier_ops; + err = mmu_notifier_register(&kvm->arch.mmu_notifier, current->mm); + if (err) { + kfree(kvm); + return ERR_PTR(err); + } + return kvm; } mmu_notifier_unregister returns void and it's reliable. The patch also adds a few needed but missing includes that would prevent kernel to compile after these changes on non-x86 archs (x86 didn't need them by luck). [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/filemap_xip.c build] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/mmu_notifier.c build] Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@qumranet.com> Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Jack Steiner <steiner@sgi.com> Cc: Robin Holt <holt@sgi.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Kanoj Sarcar <kanojsarcar@yahoo.com> Cc: Roland Dreier <rdreier@cisco.com> Cc: Steve Wise <swise@opengridcomputing.com> Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com> Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com> Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <marcelo@kvack.org> Cc: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com> Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@us.ibm.com> Cc: Izik Eidus <izike@qumranet.com> Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-07-29 06:46:29 +08:00
*
* Invalidation of multiple concurrent ranges may be
* optionally permitted by the driver. Either way the
* establishment of sptes is forbidden in the range passed to
* invalidate_range_begin/end for the whole duration of the
* invalidate_range_begin/end critical section.
*
* invalidate_range_start() is called when all pages in the
* range are still mapped and have at least a refcount of one.
*
* invalidate_range_end() is called when all pages in the
* range have been unmapped and the pages have been freed by
* the VM.
*
* The VM will remove the page table entries and potentially
* the page between invalidate_range_start() and
* invalidate_range_end(). If the page must not be freed
* because of pending I/O or other circumstances then the
* invalidate_range_start() callback (or the initial mapping
* by the driver) must make sure that the refcount is kept
* elevated.
*
* If the driver increases the refcount when the pages are
* initially mapped into an address space then either
* invalidate_range_start() or invalidate_range_end() may
* decrease the refcount. If the refcount is decreased on
* invalidate_range_start() then the VM can free pages as page
* table entries are removed. If the refcount is only
* droppped on invalidate_range_end() then the driver itself
* will drop the last refcount but it must take care to flush
* any secondary tlb before doing the final free on the
* page. Pages will no longer be referenced by the linux
* address space but may still be referenced by sptes until
* the last refcount is dropped.
*/
void (*invalidate_range_start)(struct mmu_notifier *mn,
struct mm_struct *mm,
unsigned long start, unsigned long end);
void (*invalidate_range_end)(struct mmu_notifier *mn,
struct mm_struct *mm,
unsigned long start, unsigned long end);
mmu_notifier: add the callback for mmu_notifier_invalidate_range() Now that the mmu_notifier_invalidate_range() calls are in place, add the callback to allow subsystems to register against it. Signed-off-by: Joerg Roedel <jroedel@suse.de> Reviewed-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Jérôme Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Johannes Weiner <jweiner@redhat.com> Cc: Jay Cornwall <Jay.Cornwall@amd.com> Cc: Oded Gabbay <Oded.Gabbay@amd.com> Cc: Suravee Suthikulpanit <Suravee.Suthikulpanit@amd.com> Cc: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org> Cc: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Oded Gabbay <oded.gabbay@amd.com>
2014-11-13 10:46:09 +08:00
/*
* invalidate_range() is either called between
* invalidate_range_start() and invalidate_range_end() when the
* VM has to free pages that where unmapped, but before the
* pages are actually freed, or outside of _start()/_end() when
* a (remote) TLB is necessary.
*
* If invalidate_range() is used to manage a non-CPU TLB with
* shared page-tables, it not necessary to implement the
* invalidate_range_start()/end() notifiers, as
* invalidate_range() alread catches the points in time when an
* external TLB range needs to be flushed.
*
* The invalidate_range() function is called under the ptl
* spin-lock and not allowed to sleep.
*
* Note that this function might be called with just a sub-range
* of what was passed to invalidate_range_start()/end(), if
* called between those functions.
*/
void (*invalidate_range)(struct mmu_notifier *mn, struct mm_struct *mm,
unsigned long start, unsigned long end);
mmu-notifiers: core With KVM/GFP/XPMEM there isn't just the primary CPU MMU pointing to pages. There are secondary MMUs (with secondary sptes and secondary tlbs) too. sptes in the kvm case are shadow pagetables, but when I say spte in mmu-notifier context, I mean "secondary pte". In GRU case there's no actual secondary pte and there's only a secondary tlb because the GRU secondary MMU has no knowledge about sptes and every secondary tlb miss event in the MMU always generates a page fault that has to be resolved by the CPU (this is not the case of KVM where the a secondary tlb miss will walk sptes in hardware and it will refill the secondary tlb transparently to software if the corresponding spte is present). The same way zap_page_range has to invalidate the pte before freeing the page, the spte (and secondary tlb) must also be invalidated before any page is freed and reused. Currently we take a page_count pin on every page mapped by sptes, but that means the pages can't be swapped whenever they're mapped by any spte because they're part of the guest working set. Furthermore a spte unmap event can immediately lead to a page to be freed when the pin is released (so requiring the same complex and relatively slow tlb_gather smp safe logic we have in zap_page_range and that can be avoided completely if the spte unmap event doesn't require an unpin of the page previously mapped in the secondary MMU). The mmu notifiers allow kvm/GRU/XPMEM to attach to the tsk->mm and know when the VM is swapping or freeing or doing anything on the primary MMU so that the secondary MMU code can drop sptes before the pages are freed, avoiding all page pinning and allowing 100% reliable swapping of guest physical address space. Furthermore it avoids the code that teardown the mappings of the secondary MMU, to implement a logic like tlb_gather in zap_page_range that would require many IPI to flush other cpu tlbs, for each fixed number of spte unmapped. To make an example: if what happens on the primary MMU is a protection downgrade (from writeable to wrprotect) the secondary MMU mappings will be invalidated, and the next secondary-mmu-page-fault will call get_user_pages and trigger a do_wp_page through get_user_pages if it called get_user_pages with write=1, and it'll re-establishing an updated spte or secondary-tlb-mapping on the copied page. Or it will setup a readonly spte or readonly tlb mapping if it's a guest-read, if it calls get_user_pages with write=0. This is just an example. This allows to map any page pointed by any pte (and in turn visible in the primary CPU MMU), into a secondary MMU (be it a pure tlb like GRU, or an full MMU with both sptes and secondary-tlb like the shadow-pagetable layer with kvm), or a remote DMA in software like XPMEM (hence needing of schedule in XPMEM code to send the invalidate to the remote node, while no need to schedule in kvm/gru as it's an immediate event like invalidating primary-mmu pte). At least for KVM without this patch it's impossible to swap guests reliably. And having this feature and removing the page pin allows several other optimizations that simplify life considerably. Dependencies: 1) mm_take_all_locks() to register the mmu notifier when the whole VM isn't doing anything with "mm". This allows mmu notifier users to keep track if the VM is in the middle of the invalidate_range_begin/end critical section with an atomic counter incraese in range_begin and decreased in range_end. No secondary MMU page fault is allowed to map any spte or secondary tlb reference, while the VM is in the middle of range_begin/end as any page returned by get_user_pages in that critical section could later immediately be freed without any further ->invalidate_page notification (invalidate_range_begin/end works on ranges and ->invalidate_page isn't called immediately before freeing the page). To stop all page freeing and pagetable overwrites the mmap_sem must be taken in write mode and all other anon_vma/i_mmap locks must be taken too. 2) It'd be a waste to add branches in the VM if nobody could possibly run KVM/GRU/XPMEM on the kernel, so mmu notifiers will only enabled if CONFIG_KVM=m/y. In the current kernel kvm won't yet take advantage of mmu notifiers, but this already allows to compile a KVM external module against a kernel with mmu notifiers enabled and from the next pull from kvm.git we'll start using them. And GRU/XPMEM will also be able to continue the development by enabling KVM=m in their config, until they submit all GRU/XPMEM GPLv2 code to the mainline kernel. Then they can also enable MMU_NOTIFIERS in the same way KVM does it (even if KVM=n). This guarantees nobody selects MMU_NOTIFIER=y if KVM and GRU and XPMEM are all =n. The mmu_notifier_register call can fail because mm_take_all_locks may be interrupted by a signal and return -EINTR. Because mmu_notifier_reigster is used when a driver startup, a failure can be gracefully handled. Here an example of the change applied to kvm to register the mmu notifiers. Usually when a driver startups other allocations are required anyway and -ENOMEM failure paths exists already. struct kvm *kvm_arch_create_vm(void) { struct kvm *kvm = kzalloc(sizeof(struct kvm), GFP_KERNEL); + int err; if (!kvm) return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM); INIT_LIST_HEAD(&kvm->arch.active_mmu_pages); + kvm->arch.mmu_notifier.ops = &kvm_mmu_notifier_ops; + err = mmu_notifier_register(&kvm->arch.mmu_notifier, current->mm); + if (err) { + kfree(kvm); + return ERR_PTR(err); + } + return kvm; } mmu_notifier_unregister returns void and it's reliable. The patch also adds a few needed but missing includes that would prevent kernel to compile after these changes on non-x86 archs (x86 didn't need them by luck). [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/filemap_xip.c build] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/mmu_notifier.c build] Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@qumranet.com> Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Jack Steiner <steiner@sgi.com> Cc: Robin Holt <holt@sgi.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Kanoj Sarcar <kanojsarcar@yahoo.com> Cc: Roland Dreier <rdreier@cisco.com> Cc: Steve Wise <swise@opengridcomputing.com> Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com> Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com> Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <marcelo@kvack.org> Cc: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com> Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@us.ibm.com> Cc: Izik Eidus <izike@qumranet.com> Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-07-29 06:46:29 +08:00
};
/*
* The notifier chains are protected by mmap_sem and/or the reverse map
* semaphores. Notifier chains are only changed when all reverse maps and
* the mmap_sem locks are taken.
*
* Therefore notifier chains can only be traversed when either
*
* 1. mmap_sem is held.
mm: convert i_mmap_mutex to rwsem The i_mmap_mutex is a close cousin of the anon vma lock, both protecting similar data, one for file backed pages and the other for anon memory. To this end, this lock can also be a rwsem. In addition, there are some important opportunities to share the lock when there are no tree modifications. This conversion is straightforward. For now, all users take the write lock. [sfr@canb.auug.org.au: update fremap.c] Signed-off-by: Davidlohr Bueso <dbueso@suse.de> Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Acked-by: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name> Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-12-13 08:54:24 +08:00
* 2. One of the reverse map locks is held (i_mmap_rwsem or anon_vma->rwsem).
mmu-notifiers: core With KVM/GFP/XPMEM there isn't just the primary CPU MMU pointing to pages. There are secondary MMUs (with secondary sptes and secondary tlbs) too. sptes in the kvm case are shadow pagetables, but when I say spte in mmu-notifier context, I mean "secondary pte". In GRU case there's no actual secondary pte and there's only a secondary tlb because the GRU secondary MMU has no knowledge about sptes and every secondary tlb miss event in the MMU always generates a page fault that has to be resolved by the CPU (this is not the case of KVM where the a secondary tlb miss will walk sptes in hardware and it will refill the secondary tlb transparently to software if the corresponding spte is present). The same way zap_page_range has to invalidate the pte before freeing the page, the spte (and secondary tlb) must also be invalidated before any page is freed and reused. Currently we take a page_count pin on every page mapped by sptes, but that means the pages can't be swapped whenever they're mapped by any spte because they're part of the guest working set. Furthermore a spte unmap event can immediately lead to a page to be freed when the pin is released (so requiring the same complex and relatively slow tlb_gather smp safe logic we have in zap_page_range and that can be avoided completely if the spte unmap event doesn't require an unpin of the page previously mapped in the secondary MMU). The mmu notifiers allow kvm/GRU/XPMEM to attach to the tsk->mm and know when the VM is swapping or freeing or doing anything on the primary MMU so that the secondary MMU code can drop sptes before the pages are freed, avoiding all page pinning and allowing 100% reliable swapping of guest physical address space. Furthermore it avoids the code that teardown the mappings of the secondary MMU, to implement a logic like tlb_gather in zap_page_range that would require many IPI to flush other cpu tlbs, for each fixed number of spte unmapped. To make an example: if what happens on the primary MMU is a protection downgrade (from writeable to wrprotect) the secondary MMU mappings will be invalidated, and the next secondary-mmu-page-fault will call get_user_pages and trigger a do_wp_page through get_user_pages if it called get_user_pages with write=1, and it'll re-establishing an updated spte or secondary-tlb-mapping on the copied page. Or it will setup a readonly spte or readonly tlb mapping if it's a guest-read, if it calls get_user_pages with write=0. This is just an example. This allows to map any page pointed by any pte (and in turn visible in the primary CPU MMU), into a secondary MMU (be it a pure tlb like GRU, or an full MMU with both sptes and secondary-tlb like the shadow-pagetable layer with kvm), or a remote DMA in software like XPMEM (hence needing of schedule in XPMEM code to send the invalidate to the remote node, while no need to schedule in kvm/gru as it's an immediate event like invalidating primary-mmu pte). At least for KVM without this patch it's impossible to swap guests reliably. And having this feature and removing the page pin allows several other optimizations that simplify life considerably. Dependencies: 1) mm_take_all_locks() to register the mmu notifier when the whole VM isn't doing anything with "mm". This allows mmu notifier users to keep track if the VM is in the middle of the invalidate_range_begin/end critical section with an atomic counter incraese in range_begin and decreased in range_end. No secondary MMU page fault is allowed to map any spte or secondary tlb reference, while the VM is in the middle of range_begin/end as any page returned by get_user_pages in that critical section could later immediately be freed without any further ->invalidate_page notification (invalidate_range_begin/end works on ranges and ->invalidate_page isn't called immediately before freeing the page). To stop all page freeing and pagetable overwrites the mmap_sem must be taken in write mode and all other anon_vma/i_mmap locks must be taken too. 2) It'd be a waste to add branches in the VM if nobody could possibly run KVM/GRU/XPMEM on the kernel, so mmu notifiers will only enabled if CONFIG_KVM=m/y. In the current kernel kvm won't yet take advantage of mmu notifiers, but this already allows to compile a KVM external module against a kernel with mmu notifiers enabled and from the next pull from kvm.git we'll start using them. And GRU/XPMEM will also be able to continue the development by enabling KVM=m in their config, until they submit all GRU/XPMEM GPLv2 code to the mainline kernel. Then they can also enable MMU_NOTIFIERS in the same way KVM does it (even if KVM=n). This guarantees nobody selects MMU_NOTIFIER=y if KVM and GRU and XPMEM are all =n. The mmu_notifier_register call can fail because mm_take_all_locks may be interrupted by a signal and return -EINTR. Because mmu_notifier_reigster is used when a driver startup, a failure can be gracefully handled. Here an example of the change applied to kvm to register the mmu notifiers. Usually when a driver startups other allocations are required anyway and -ENOMEM failure paths exists already. struct kvm *kvm_arch_create_vm(void) { struct kvm *kvm = kzalloc(sizeof(struct kvm), GFP_KERNEL); + int err; if (!kvm) return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM); INIT_LIST_HEAD(&kvm->arch.active_mmu_pages); + kvm->arch.mmu_notifier.ops = &kvm_mmu_notifier_ops; + err = mmu_notifier_register(&kvm->arch.mmu_notifier, current->mm); + if (err) { + kfree(kvm); + return ERR_PTR(err); + } + return kvm; } mmu_notifier_unregister returns void and it's reliable. The patch also adds a few needed but missing includes that would prevent kernel to compile after these changes on non-x86 archs (x86 didn't need them by luck). [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/filemap_xip.c build] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/mmu_notifier.c build] Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@qumranet.com> Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Jack Steiner <steiner@sgi.com> Cc: Robin Holt <holt@sgi.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Kanoj Sarcar <kanojsarcar@yahoo.com> Cc: Roland Dreier <rdreier@cisco.com> Cc: Steve Wise <swise@opengridcomputing.com> Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com> Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com> Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <marcelo@kvack.org> Cc: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com> Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@us.ibm.com> Cc: Izik Eidus <izike@qumranet.com> Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-07-29 06:46:29 +08:00
* 3. No other concurrent thread can access the list (release)
*/
struct mmu_notifier {
struct hlist_node hlist;
const struct mmu_notifier_ops *ops;
};
static inline int mm_has_notifiers(struct mm_struct *mm)
{
return unlikely(mm->mmu_notifier_mm);
}
extern int mmu_notifier_register(struct mmu_notifier *mn,
struct mm_struct *mm);
extern int __mmu_notifier_register(struct mmu_notifier *mn,
struct mm_struct *mm);
extern void mmu_notifier_unregister(struct mmu_notifier *mn,
struct mm_struct *mm);
mmu_notifier: add call_srcu and sync function for listener to delay call and sync When kernel device drivers or subsystems want to bind their lifespan to t= he lifespan of the mm_struct, they usually use one of the following methods: 1. Manually calling a function in the interested kernel module. The funct= ion call needs to be placed in mmput. This method was rejected by several ker= nel maintainers. 2. Registering to the mmu notifier release mechanism. The problem with the latter approach is that the mmu_notifier_release cal= lback is called from__mmu_notifier_release (called from exit_mmap). That functi= on iterates over the list of mmu notifiers and don't expect the release call= back function to remove itself from the list. Therefore, the callback function= in the kernel module can't release the mmu_notifier_object, which is actuall= y the kernel module's object itself. As a result, the destruction of the kernel module's object must to be done in a delayed fashion. This patch adds support for this delayed callback, by adding a new mmu_notifier_call_srcu function that receives a function ptr and calls th= at function with call_srcu. In that function, the kernel module releases its object. To use mmu_notifier_call_srcu, the calling module needs to call b= efore that a new function called mmu_notifier_unregister_no_release that as its= name implies, unregisters a notifier without calling its notifier release call= back. This patch also adds a function that will call barrier_srcu so those kern= el modules can sync with mmu_notifier. Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Jérôme Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Oded Gabbay <oded.gabbay@amd.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-08-07 07:08:20 +08:00
extern void mmu_notifier_unregister_no_release(struct mmu_notifier *mn,
struct mm_struct *mm);
mmu-notifiers: core With KVM/GFP/XPMEM there isn't just the primary CPU MMU pointing to pages. There are secondary MMUs (with secondary sptes and secondary tlbs) too. sptes in the kvm case are shadow pagetables, but when I say spte in mmu-notifier context, I mean "secondary pte". In GRU case there's no actual secondary pte and there's only a secondary tlb because the GRU secondary MMU has no knowledge about sptes and every secondary tlb miss event in the MMU always generates a page fault that has to be resolved by the CPU (this is not the case of KVM where the a secondary tlb miss will walk sptes in hardware and it will refill the secondary tlb transparently to software if the corresponding spte is present). The same way zap_page_range has to invalidate the pte before freeing the page, the spte (and secondary tlb) must also be invalidated before any page is freed and reused. Currently we take a page_count pin on every page mapped by sptes, but that means the pages can't be swapped whenever they're mapped by any spte because they're part of the guest working set. Furthermore a spte unmap event can immediately lead to a page to be freed when the pin is released (so requiring the same complex and relatively slow tlb_gather smp safe logic we have in zap_page_range and that can be avoided completely if the spte unmap event doesn't require an unpin of the page previously mapped in the secondary MMU). The mmu notifiers allow kvm/GRU/XPMEM to attach to the tsk->mm and know when the VM is swapping or freeing or doing anything on the primary MMU so that the secondary MMU code can drop sptes before the pages are freed, avoiding all page pinning and allowing 100% reliable swapping of guest physical address space. Furthermore it avoids the code that teardown the mappings of the secondary MMU, to implement a logic like tlb_gather in zap_page_range that would require many IPI to flush other cpu tlbs, for each fixed number of spte unmapped. To make an example: if what happens on the primary MMU is a protection downgrade (from writeable to wrprotect) the secondary MMU mappings will be invalidated, and the next secondary-mmu-page-fault will call get_user_pages and trigger a do_wp_page through get_user_pages if it called get_user_pages with write=1, and it'll re-establishing an updated spte or secondary-tlb-mapping on the copied page. Or it will setup a readonly spte or readonly tlb mapping if it's a guest-read, if it calls get_user_pages with write=0. This is just an example. This allows to map any page pointed by any pte (and in turn visible in the primary CPU MMU), into a secondary MMU (be it a pure tlb like GRU, or an full MMU with both sptes and secondary-tlb like the shadow-pagetable layer with kvm), or a remote DMA in software like XPMEM (hence needing of schedule in XPMEM code to send the invalidate to the remote node, while no need to schedule in kvm/gru as it's an immediate event like invalidating primary-mmu pte). At least for KVM without this patch it's impossible to swap guests reliably. And having this feature and removing the page pin allows several other optimizations that simplify life considerably. Dependencies: 1) mm_take_all_locks() to register the mmu notifier when the whole VM isn't doing anything with "mm". This allows mmu notifier users to keep track if the VM is in the middle of the invalidate_range_begin/end critical section with an atomic counter incraese in range_begin and decreased in range_end. No secondary MMU page fault is allowed to map any spte or secondary tlb reference, while the VM is in the middle of range_begin/end as any page returned by get_user_pages in that critical section could later immediately be freed without any further ->invalidate_page notification (invalidate_range_begin/end works on ranges and ->invalidate_page isn't called immediately before freeing the page). To stop all page freeing and pagetable overwrites the mmap_sem must be taken in write mode and all other anon_vma/i_mmap locks must be taken too. 2) It'd be a waste to add branches in the VM if nobody could possibly run KVM/GRU/XPMEM on the kernel, so mmu notifiers will only enabled if CONFIG_KVM=m/y. In the current kernel kvm won't yet take advantage of mmu notifiers, but this already allows to compile a KVM external module against a kernel with mmu notifiers enabled and from the next pull from kvm.git we'll start using them. And GRU/XPMEM will also be able to continue the development by enabling KVM=m in their config, until they submit all GRU/XPMEM GPLv2 code to the mainline kernel. Then they can also enable MMU_NOTIFIERS in the same way KVM does it (even if KVM=n). This guarantees nobody selects MMU_NOTIFIER=y if KVM and GRU and XPMEM are all =n. The mmu_notifier_register call can fail because mm_take_all_locks may be interrupted by a signal and return -EINTR. Because mmu_notifier_reigster is used when a driver startup, a failure can be gracefully handled. Here an example of the change applied to kvm to register the mmu notifiers. Usually when a driver startups other allocations are required anyway and -ENOMEM failure paths exists already. struct kvm *kvm_arch_create_vm(void) { struct kvm *kvm = kzalloc(sizeof(struct kvm), GFP_KERNEL); + int err; if (!kvm) return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM); INIT_LIST_HEAD(&kvm->arch.active_mmu_pages); + kvm->arch.mmu_notifier.ops = &kvm_mmu_notifier_ops; + err = mmu_notifier_register(&kvm->arch.mmu_notifier, current->mm); + if (err) { + kfree(kvm); + return ERR_PTR(err); + } + return kvm; } mmu_notifier_unregister returns void and it's reliable. The patch also adds a few needed but missing includes that would prevent kernel to compile after these changes on non-x86 archs (x86 didn't need them by luck). [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/filemap_xip.c build] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/mmu_notifier.c build] Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@qumranet.com> Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Jack Steiner <steiner@sgi.com> Cc: Robin Holt <holt@sgi.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Kanoj Sarcar <kanojsarcar@yahoo.com> Cc: Roland Dreier <rdreier@cisco.com> Cc: Steve Wise <swise@opengridcomputing.com> Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com> Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com> Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <marcelo@kvack.org> Cc: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com> Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@us.ibm.com> Cc: Izik Eidus <izike@qumranet.com> Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-07-29 06:46:29 +08:00
extern void __mmu_notifier_mm_destroy(struct mm_struct *mm);
extern void __mmu_notifier_release(struct mm_struct *mm);
extern int __mmu_notifier_clear_flush_young(struct mm_struct *mm,
kvm: Fix page ageing bugs 1. We were calling clear_flush_young_notify in unmap_one, but we are within an mmu notifier invalidate range scope. The spte exists no more (due to range_start) and the accessed bit info has already been propagated (due to kvm_pfn_set_accessed). Simply call clear_flush_young. 2. We clear_flush_young on a primary MMU PMD, but this may be mapped as a collection of PTEs by the secondary MMU (e.g. during log-dirty). This required expanding the interface of the clear_flush_young mmu notifier, so a lot of code has been trivially touched. 3. In the absence of shadow_accessed_mask (e.g. EPT A bit), we emulate the access bit by blowing the spte. This requires proper synchronizing with MMU notifier consumers, like every other removal of spte's does. Signed-off-by: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2014-09-23 05:54:42 +08:00
unsigned long start,
unsigned long end);
mmu-notifier: add clear_young callback In the scope of the idle memory tracking feature, which is introduced by the following patch, we need to clear the referenced/accessed bit not only in primary, but also in secondary ptes. The latter is required in order to estimate wss of KVM VMs. At the same time we want to avoid flushing tlb, because it is quite expensive and it won't really affect the final result. Currently, there is no function for clearing pte young bit that would meet our requirements, so this patch introduces one. To achieve that we have to add a new mmu-notifier callback, clear_young, since there is no method for testing-and-clearing a secondary pte w/o flushing tlb. The new method is not mandatory and currently only implemented by KVM. Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com> Reviewed-by: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com> Acked-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Raghavendra K T <raghavendra.kt@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com> Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-09-10 06:35:41 +08:00
extern int __mmu_notifier_clear_young(struct mm_struct *mm,
unsigned long start,
unsigned long end);
thp: mmu_notifier_test_young For GRU and EPT, we need gup-fast to set referenced bit too (this is why it's correct to return 0 when shadow_access_mask is zero, it requires gup-fast to set the referenced bit). qemu-kvm access already sets the young bit in the pte if it isn't zero-copy, if it's zero copy or a shadow paging EPT minor fault we relay on gup-fast to signal the page is in use... We also need to check the young bits on the secondary pagetables for NPT and not nested shadow mmu as the data may never get accessed again by the primary pte. Without this closer accuracy, we'd have to remove the heuristic that avoids collapsing hugepages in hugepage virtual regions that have not even a single subpage in use. ->test_young is full backwards compatible with GRU and other usages that don't have young bits in pagetables set by the hardware and that should nuke the secondary mmu mappings when ->clear_flush_young runs just like EPT does. Removing the heuristic that checks the young bit in khugepaged/collapse_huge_page completely isn't so bad either probably but I thought it was worth it and this makes it reliable. Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2011-01-14 07:47:10 +08:00
extern int __mmu_notifier_test_young(struct mm_struct *mm,
unsigned long address);
ksm: add mmu_notifier set_pte_at_notify() KSM is a linux driver that allows dynamicly sharing identical memory pages between one or more processes. Unlike tradtional page sharing that is made at the allocation of the memory, ksm do it dynamicly after the memory was created. Memory is periodically scanned; identical pages are identified and merged. The sharing is made in a transparent way to the processes that use it. Ksm is highly important for hypervisors (kvm), where in production enviorments there might be many copys of the same data data among the host memory. This kind of data can be: similar kernels, librarys, cache, and so on. Even that ksm was wrote for kvm, any userspace application that want to use it to share its data can try it. Ksm may be useful for any application that might have similar (page aligment) data strctures among the memory, ksm will find this data merge it to one copy, and even if it will be changed and thereforew copy on writed, ksm will merge it again as soon as it will be identical again. Another reason to consider using ksm is the fact that it might simplify alot the userspace code of application that want to use shared private data, instead that the application will mange shared area, ksm will do this for the application, and even write to this data will be allowed without any synchinization acts from the application. Ksm was designed to be a loadable module that doesn't change the VM code of linux. This patch: The set_pte_at_notify() macro allows setting a pte in the shadow page table directly, instead of flushing the shadow page table entry and then getting vmexit to set it. It uses a new change_pte() callback to do so. set_pte_at_notify() is an optimization for kvm, and other users of mmu_notifiers, for COW pages. It is useful for kvm when ksm is used, because it allows kvm not to have to receive vmexit and only then map the ksm page into the shadow page table, but instead map it directly at the same time as Linux maps the page into the host page table. Users of mmu_notifiers who don't implement new mmu_notifier_change_pte() callback will just receive the mmu_notifier_invalidate_page() callback. Signed-off-by: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com> Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 08:01:51 +08:00
extern void __mmu_notifier_change_pte(struct mm_struct *mm,
unsigned long address, pte_t pte);
mmu-notifiers: core With KVM/GFP/XPMEM there isn't just the primary CPU MMU pointing to pages. There are secondary MMUs (with secondary sptes and secondary tlbs) too. sptes in the kvm case are shadow pagetables, but when I say spte in mmu-notifier context, I mean "secondary pte". In GRU case there's no actual secondary pte and there's only a secondary tlb because the GRU secondary MMU has no knowledge about sptes and every secondary tlb miss event in the MMU always generates a page fault that has to be resolved by the CPU (this is not the case of KVM where the a secondary tlb miss will walk sptes in hardware and it will refill the secondary tlb transparently to software if the corresponding spte is present). The same way zap_page_range has to invalidate the pte before freeing the page, the spte (and secondary tlb) must also be invalidated before any page is freed and reused. Currently we take a page_count pin on every page mapped by sptes, but that means the pages can't be swapped whenever they're mapped by any spte because they're part of the guest working set. Furthermore a spte unmap event can immediately lead to a page to be freed when the pin is released (so requiring the same complex and relatively slow tlb_gather smp safe logic we have in zap_page_range and that can be avoided completely if the spte unmap event doesn't require an unpin of the page previously mapped in the secondary MMU). The mmu notifiers allow kvm/GRU/XPMEM to attach to the tsk->mm and know when the VM is swapping or freeing or doing anything on the primary MMU so that the secondary MMU code can drop sptes before the pages are freed, avoiding all page pinning and allowing 100% reliable swapping of guest physical address space. Furthermore it avoids the code that teardown the mappings of the secondary MMU, to implement a logic like tlb_gather in zap_page_range that would require many IPI to flush other cpu tlbs, for each fixed number of spte unmapped. To make an example: if what happens on the primary MMU is a protection downgrade (from writeable to wrprotect) the secondary MMU mappings will be invalidated, and the next secondary-mmu-page-fault will call get_user_pages and trigger a do_wp_page through get_user_pages if it called get_user_pages with write=1, and it'll re-establishing an updated spte or secondary-tlb-mapping on the copied page. Or it will setup a readonly spte or readonly tlb mapping if it's a guest-read, if it calls get_user_pages with write=0. This is just an example. This allows to map any page pointed by any pte (and in turn visible in the primary CPU MMU), into a secondary MMU (be it a pure tlb like GRU, or an full MMU with both sptes and secondary-tlb like the shadow-pagetable layer with kvm), or a remote DMA in software like XPMEM (hence needing of schedule in XPMEM code to send the invalidate to the remote node, while no need to schedule in kvm/gru as it's an immediate event like invalidating primary-mmu pte). At least for KVM without this patch it's impossible to swap guests reliably. And having this feature and removing the page pin allows several other optimizations that simplify life considerably. Dependencies: 1) mm_take_all_locks() to register the mmu notifier when the whole VM isn't doing anything with "mm". This allows mmu notifier users to keep track if the VM is in the middle of the invalidate_range_begin/end critical section with an atomic counter incraese in range_begin and decreased in range_end. No secondary MMU page fault is allowed to map any spte or secondary tlb reference, while the VM is in the middle of range_begin/end as any page returned by get_user_pages in that critical section could later immediately be freed without any further ->invalidate_page notification (invalidate_range_begin/end works on ranges and ->invalidate_page isn't called immediately before freeing the page). To stop all page freeing and pagetable overwrites the mmap_sem must be taken in write mode and all other anon_vma/i_mmap locks must be taken too. 2) It'd be a waste to add branches in the VM if nobody could possibly run KVM/GRU/XPMEM on the kernel, so mmu notifiers will only enabled if CONFIG_KVM=m/y. In the current kernel kvm won't yet take advantage of mmu notifiers, but this already allows to compile a KVM external module against a kernel with mmu notifiers enabled and from the next pull from kvm.git we'll start using them. And GRU/XPMEM will also be able to continue the development by enabling KVM=m in their config, until they submit all GRU/XPMEM GPLv2 code to the mainline kernel. Then they can also enable MMU_NOTIFIERS in the same way KVM does it (even if KVM=n). This guarantees nobody selects MMU_NOTIFIER=y if KVM and GRU and XPMEM are all =n. The mmu_notifier_register call can fail because mm_take_all_locks may be interrupted by a signal and return -EINTR. Because mmu_notifier_reigster is used when a driver startup, a failure can be gracefully handled. Here an example of the change applied to kvm to register the mmu notifiers. Usually when a driver startups other allocations are required anyway and -ENOMEM failure paths exists already. struct kvm *kvm_arch_create_vm(void) { struct kvm *kvm = kzalloc(sizeof(struct kvm), GFP_KERNEL); + int err; if (!kvm) return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM); INIT_LIST_HEAD(&kvm->arch.active_mmu_pages); + kvm->arch.mmu_notifier.ops = &kvm_mmu_notifier_ops; + err = mmu_notifier_register(&kvm->arch.mmu_notifier, current->mm); + if (err) { + kfree(kvm); + return ERR_PTR(err); + } + return kvm; } mmu_notifier_unregister returns void and it's reliable. The patch also adds a few needed but missing includes that would prevent kernel to compile after these changes on non-x86 archs (x86 didn't need them by luck). [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/filemap_xip.c build] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/mmu_notifier.c build] Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@qumranet.com> Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Jack Steiner <steiner@sgi.com> Cc: Robin Holt <holt@sgi.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Kanoj Sarcar <kanojsarcar@yahoo.com> Cc: Roland Dreier <rdreier@cisco.com> Cc: Steve Wise <swise@opengridcomputing.com> Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com> Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com> Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <marcelo@kvack.org> Cc: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com> Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@us.ibm.com> Cc: Izik Eidus <izike@qumranet.com> Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-07-29 06:46:29 +08:00
extern void __mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start(struct mm_struct *mm,
unsigned long start, unsigned long end);
extern void __mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_end(struct mm_struct *mm,
unsigned long start, unsigned long end);
mmu_notifier: add the callback for mmu_notifier_invalidate_range() Now that the mmu_notifier_invalidate_range() calls are in place, add the callback to allow subsystems to register against it. Signed-off-by: Joerg Roedel <jroedel@suse.de> Reviewed-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Jérôme Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Johannes Weiner <jweiner@redhat.com> Cc: Jay Cornwall <Jay.Cornwall@amd.com> Cc: Oded Gabbay <Oded.Gabbay@amd.com> Cc: Suravee Suthikulpanit <Suravee.Suthikulpanit@amd.com> Cc: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org> Cc: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Oded Gabbay <oded.gabbay@amd.com>
2014-11-13 10:46:09 +08:00
extern void __mmu_notifier_invalidate_range(struct mm_struct *mm,
unsigned long start, unsigned long end);
mmu-notifiers: core With KVM/GFP/XPMEM there isn't just the primary CPU MMU pointing to pages. There are secondary MMUs (with secondary sptes and secondary tlbs) too. sptes in the kvm case are shadow pagetables, but when I say spte in mmu-notifier context, I mean "secondary pte". In GRU case there's no actual secondary pte and there's only a secondary tlb because the GRU secondary MMU has no knowledge about sptes and every secondary tlb miss event in the MMU always generates a page fault that has to be resolved by the CPU (this is not the case of KVM where the a secondary tlb miss will walk sptes in hardware and it will refill the secondary tlb transparently to software if the corresponding spte is present). The same way zap_page_range has to invalidate the pte before freeing the page, the spte (and secondary tlb) must also be invalidated before any page is freed and reused. Currently we take a page_count pin on every page mapped by sptes, but that means the pages can't be swapped whenever they're mapped by any spte because they're part of the guest working set. Furthermore a spte unmap event can immediately lead to a page to be freed when the pin is released (so requiring the same complex and relatively slow tlb_gather smp safe logic we have in zap_page_range and that can be avoided completely if the spte unmap event doesn't require an unpin of the page previously mapped in the secondary MMU). The mmu notifiers allow kvm/GRU/XPMEM to attach to the tsk->mm and know when the VM is swapping or freeing or doing anything on the primary MMU so that the secondary MMU code can drop sptes before the pages are freed, avoiding all page pinning and allowing 100% reliable swapping of guest physical address space. Furthermore it avoids the code that teardown the mappings of the secondary MMU, to implement a logic like tlb_gather in zap_page_range that would require many IPI to flush other cpu tlbs, for each fixed number of spte unmapped. To make an example: if what happens on the primary MMU is a protection downgrade (from writeable to wrprotect) the secondary MMU mappings will be invalidated, and the next secondary-mmu-page-fault will call get_user_pages and trigger a do_wp_page through get_user_pages if it called get_user_pages with write=1, and it'll re-establishing an updated spte or secondary-tlb-mapping on the copied page. Or it will setup a readonly spte or readonly tlb mapping if it's a guest-read, if it calls get_user_pages with write=0. This is just an example. This allows to map any page pointed by any pte (and in turn visible in the primary CPU MMU), into a secondary MMU (be it a pure tlb like GRU, or an full MMU with both sptes and secondary-tlb like the shadow-pagetable layer with kvm), or a remote DMA in software like XPMEM (hence needing of schedule in XPMEM code to send the invalidate to the remote node, while no need to schedule in kvm/gru as it's an immediate event like invalidating primary-mmu pte). At least for KVM without this patch it's impossible to swap guests reliably. And having this feature and removing the page pin allows several other optimizations that simplify life considerably. Dependencies: 1) mm_take_all_locks() to register the mmu notifier when the whole VM isn't doing anything with "mm". This allows mmu notifier users to keep track if the VM is in the middle of the invalidate_range_begin/end critical section with an atomic counter incraese in range_begin and decreased in range_end. No secondary MMU page fault is allowed to map any spte or secondary tlb reference, while the VM is in the middle of range_begin/end as any page returned by get_user_pages in that critical section could later immediately be freed without any further ->invalidate_page notification (invalidate_range_begin/end works on ranges and ->invalidate_page isn't called immediately before freeing the page). To stop all page freeing and pagetable overwrites the mmap_sem must be taken in write mode and all other anon_vma/i_mmap locks must be taken too. 2) It'd be a waste to add branches in the VM if nobody could possibly run KVM/GRU/XPMEM on the kernel, so mmu notifiers will only enabled if CONFIG_KVM=m/y. In the current kernel kvm won't yet take advantage of mmu notifiers, but this already allows to compile a KVM external module against a kernel with mmu notifiers enabled and from the next pull from kvm.git we'll start using them. And GRU/XPMEM will also be able to continue the development by enabling KVM=m in their config, until they submit all GRU/XPMEM GPLv2 code to the mainline kernel. Then they can also enable MMU_NOTIFIERS in the same way KVM does it (even if KVM=n). This guarantees nobody selects MMU_NOTIFIER=y if KVM and GRU and XPMEM are all =n. The mmu_notifier_register call can fail because mm_take_all_locks may be interrupted by a signal and return -EINTR. Because mmu_notifier_reigster is used when a driver startup, a failure can be gracefully handled. Here an example of the change applied to kvm to register the mmu notifiers. Usually when a driver startups other allocations are required anyway and -ENOMEM failure paths exists already. struct kvm *kvm_arch_create_vm(void) { struct kvm *kvm = kzalloc(sizeof(struct kvm), GFP_KERNEL); + int err; if (!kvm) return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM); INIT_LIST_HEAD(&kvm->arch.active_mmu_pages); + kvm->arch.mmu_notifier.ops = &kvm_mmu_notifier_ops; + err = mmu_notifier_register(&kvm->arch.mmu_notifier, current->mm); + if (err) { + kfree(kvm); + return ERR_PTR(err); + } + return kvm; } mmu_notifier_unregister returns void and it's reliable. The patch also adds a few needed but missing includes that would prevent kernel to compile after these changes on non-x86 archs (x86 didn't need them by luck). [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/filemap_xip.c build] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/mmu_notifier.c build] Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@qumranet.com> Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Jack Steiner <steiner@sgi.com> Cc: Robin Holt <holt@sgi.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Kanoj Sarcar <kanojsarcar@yahoo.com> Cc: Roland Dreier <rdreier@cisco.com> Cc: Steve Wise <swise@opengridcomputing.com> Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com> Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com> Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <marcelo@kvack.org> Cc: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com> Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@us.ibm.com> Cc: Izik Eidus <izike@qumranet.com> Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-07-29 06:46:29 +08:00
static inline void mmu_notifier_release(struct mm_struct *mm)
{
if (mm_has_notifiers(mm))
__mmu_notifier_release(mm);
}
static inline int mmu_notifier_clear_flush_young(struct mm_struct *mm,
kvm: Fix page ageing bugs 1. We were calling clear_flush_young_notify in unmap_one, but we are within an mmu notifier invalidate range scope. The spte exists no more (due to range_start) and the accessed bit info has already been propagated (due to kvm_pfn_set_accessed). Simply call clear_flush_young. 2. We clear_flush_young on a primary MMU PMD, but this may be mapped as a collection of PTEs by the secondary MMU (e.g. during log-dirty). This required expanding the interface of the clear_flush_young mmu notifier, so a lot of code has been trivially touched. 3. In the absence of shadow_accessed_mask (e.g. EPT A bit), we emulate the access bit by blowing the spte. This requires proper synchronizing with MMU notifier consumers, like every other removal of spte's does. Signed-off-by: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2014-09-23 05:54:42 +08:00
unsigned long start,
unsigned long end)
mmu-notifiers: core With KVM/GFP/XPMEM there isn't just the primary CPU MMU pointing to pages. There are secondary MMUs (with secondary sptes and secondary tlbs) too. sptes in the kvm case are shadow pagetables, but when I say spte in mmu-notifier context, I mean "secondary pte". In GRU case there's no actual secondary pte and there's only a secondary tlb because the GRU secondary MMU has no knowledge about sptes and every secondary tlb miss event in the MMU always generates a page fault that has to be resolved by the CPU (this is not the case of KVM where the a secondary tlb miss will walk sptes in hardware and it will refill the secondary tlb transparently to software if the corresponding spte is present). The same way zap_page_range has to invalidate the pte before freeing the page, the spte (and secondary tlb) must also be invalidated before any page is freed and reused. Currently we take a page_count pin on every page mapped by sptes, but that means the pages can't be swapped whenever they're mapped by any spte because they're part of the guest working set. Furthermore a spte unmap event can immediately lead to a page to be freed when the pin is released (so requiring the same complex and relatively slow tlb_gather smp safe logic we have in zap_page_range and that can be avoided completely if the spte unmap event doesn't require an unpin of the page previously mapped in the secondary MMU). The mmu notifiers allow kvm/GRU/XPMEM to attach to the tsk->mm and know when the VM is swapping or freeing or doing anything on the primary MMU so that the secondary MMU code can drop sptes before the pages are freed, avoiding all page pinning and allowing 100% reliable swapping of guest physical address space. Furthermore it avoids the code that teardown the mappings of the secondary MMU, to implement a logic like tlb_gather in zap_page_range that would require many IPI to flush other cpu tlbs, for each fixed number of spte unmapped. To make an example: if what happens on the primary MMU is a protection downgrade (from writeable to wrprotect) the secondary MMU mappings will be invalidated, and the next secondary-mmu-page-fault will call get_user_pages and trigger a do_wp_page through get_user_pages if it called get_user_pages with write=1, and it'll re-establishing an updated spte or secondary-tlb-mapping on the copied page. Or it will setup a readonly spte or readonly tlb mapping if it's a guest-read, if it calls get_user_pages with write=0. This is just an example. This allows to map any page pointed by any pte (and in turn visible in the primary CPU MMU), into a secondary MMU (be it a pure tlb like GRU, or an full MMU with both sptes and secondary-tlb like the shadow-pagetable layer with kvm), or a remote DMA in software like XPMEM (hence needing of schedule in XPMEM code to send the invalidate to the remote node, while no need to schedule in kvm/gru as it's an immediate event like invalidating primary-mmu pte). At least for KVM without this patch it's impossible to swap guests reliably. And having this feature and removing the page pin allows several other optimizations that simplify life considerably. Dependencies: 1) mm_take_all_locks() to register the mmu notifier when the whole VM isn't doing anything with "mm". This allows mmu notifier users to keep track if the VM is in the middle of the invalidate_range_begin/end critical section with an atomic counter incraese in range_begin and decreased in range_end. No secondary MMU page fault is allowed to map any spte or secondary tlb reference, while the VM is in the middle of range_begin/end as any page returned by get_user_pages in that critical section could later immediately be freed without any further ->invalidate_page notification (invalidate_range_begin/end works on ranges and ->invalidate_page isn't called immediately before freeing the page). To stop all page freeing and pagetable overwrites the mmap_sem must be taken in write mode and all other anon_vma/i_mmap locks must be taken too. 2) It'd be a waste to add branches in the VM if nobody could possibly run KVM/GRU/XPMEM on the kernel, so mmu notifiers will only enabled if CONFIG_KVM=m/y. In the current kernel kvm won't yet take advantage of mmu notifiers, but this already allows to compile a KVM external module against a kernel with mmu notifiers enabled and from the next pull from kvm.git we'll start using them. And GRU/XPMEM will also be able to continue the development by enabling KVM=m in their config, until they submit all GRU/XPMEM GPLv2 code to the mainline kernel. Then they can also enable MMU_NOTIFIERS in the same way KVM does it (even if KVM=n). This guarantees nobody selects MMU_NOTIFIER=y if KVM and GRU and XPMEM are all =n. The mmu_notifier_register call can fail because mm_take_all_locks may be interrupted by a signal and return -EINTR. Because mmu_notifier_reigster is used when a driver startup, a failure can be gracefully handled. Here an example of the change applied to kvm to register the mmu notifiers. Usually when a driver startups other allocations are required anyway and -ENOMEM failure paths exists already. struct kvm *kvm_arch_create_vm(void) { struct kvm *kvm = kzalloc(sizeof(struct kvm), GFP_KERNEL); + int err; if (!kvm) return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM); INIT_LIST_HEAD(&kvm->arch.active_mmu_pages); + kvm->arch.mmu_notifier.ops = &kvm_mmu_notifier_ops; + err = mmu_notifier_register(&kvm->arch.mmu_notifier, current->mm); + if (err) { + kfree(kvm); + return ERR_PTR(err); + } + return kvm; } mmu_notifier_unregister returns void and it's reliable. The patch also adds a few needed but missing includes that would prevent kernel to compile after these changes on non-x86 archs (x86 didn't need them by luck). [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/filemap_xip.c build] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/mmu_notifier.c build] Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@qumranet.com> Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Jack Steiner <steiner@sgi.com> Cc: Robin Holt <holt@sgi.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Kanoj Sarcar <kanojsarcar@yahoo.com> Cc: Roland Dreier <rdreier@cisco.com> Cc: Steve Wise <swise@opengridcomputing.com> Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com> Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com> Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <marcelo@kvack.org> Cc: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com> Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@us.ibm.com> Cc: Izik Eidus <izike@qumranet.com> Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-07-29 06:46:29 +08:00
{
if (mm_has_notifiers(mm))
kvm: Fix page ageing bugs 1. We were calling clear_flush_young_notify in unmap_one, but we are within an mmu notifier invalidate range scope. The spte exists no more (due to range_start) and the accessed bit info has already been propagated (due to kvm_pfn_set_accessed). Simply call clear_flush_young. 2. We clear_flush_young on a primary MMU PMD, but this may be mapped as a collection of PTEs by the secondary MMU (e.g. during log-dirty). This required expanding the interface of the clear_flush_young mmu notifier, so a lot of code has been trivially touched. 3. In the absence of shadow_accessed_mask (e.g. EPT A bit), we emulate the access bit by blowing the spte. This requires proper synchronizing with MMU notifier consumers, like every other removal of spte's does. Signed-off-by: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2014-09-23 05:54:42 +08:00
return __mmu_notifier_clear_flush_young(mm, start, end);
mmu-notifiers: core With KVM/GFP/XPMEM there isn't just the primary CPU MMU pointing to pages. There are secondary MMUs (with secondary sptes and secondary tlbs) too. sptes in the kvm case are shadow pagetables, but when I say spte in mmu-notifier context, I mean "secondary pte". In GRU case there's no actual secondary pte and there's only a secondary tlb because the GRU secondary MMU has no knowledge about sptes and every secondary tlb miss event in the MMU always generates a page fault that has to be resolved by the CPU (this is not the case of KVM where the a secondary tlb miss will walk sptes in hardware and it will refill the secondary tlb transparently to software if the corresponding spte is present). The same way zap_page_range has to invalidate the pte before freeing the page, the spte (and secondary tlb) must also be invalidated before any page is freed and reused. Currently we take a page_count pin on every page mapped by sptes, but that means the pages can't be swapped whenever they're mapped by any spte because they're part of the guest working set. Furthermore a spte unmap event can immediately lead to a page to be freed when the pin is released (so requiring the same complex and relatively slow tlb_gather smp safe logic we have in zap_page_range and that can be avoided completely if the spte unmap event doesn't require an unpin of the page previously mapped in the secondary MMU). The mmu notifiers allow kvm/GRU/XPMEM to attach to the tsk->mm and know when the VM is swapping or freeing or doing anything on the primary MMU so that the secondary MMU code can drop sptes before the pages are freed, avoiding all page pinning and allowing 100% reliable swapping of guest physical address space. Furthermore it avoids the code that teardown the mappings of the secondary MMU, to implement a logic like tlb_gather in zap_page_range that would require many IPI to flush other cpu tlbs, for each fixed number of spte unmapped. To make an example: if what happens on the primary MMU is a protection downgrade (from writeable to wrprotect) the secondary MMU mappings will be invalidated, and the next secondary-mmu-page-fault will call get_user_pages and trigger a do_wp_page through get_user_pages if it called get_user_pages with write=1, and it'll re-establishing an updated spte or secondary-tlb-mapping on the copied page. Or it will setup a readonly spte or readonly tlb mapping if it's a guest-read, if it calls get_user_pages with write=0. This is just an example. This allows to map any page pointed by any pte (and in turn visible in the primary CPU MMU), into a secondary MMU (be it a pure tlb like GRU, or an full MMU with both sptes and secondary-tlb like the shadow-pagetable layer with kvm), or a remote DMA in software like XPMEM (hence needing of schedule in XPMEM code to send the invalidate to the remote node, while no need to schedule in kvm/gru as it's an immediate event like invalidating primary-mmu pte). At least for KVM without this patch it's impossible to swap guests reliably. And having this feature and removing the page pin allows several other optimizations that simplify life considerably. Dependencies: 1) mm_take_all_locks() to register the mmu notifier when the whole VM isn't doing anything with "mm". This allows mmu notifier users to keep track if the VM is in the middle of the invalidate_range_begin/end critical section with an atomic counter incraese in range_begin and decreased in range_end. No secondary MMU page fault is allowed to map any spte or secondary tlb reference, while the VM is in the middle of range_begin/end as any page returned by get_user_pages in that critical section could later immediately be freed without any further ->invalidate_page notification (invalidate_range_begin/end works on ranges and ->invalidate_page isn't called immediately before freeing the page). To stop all page freeing and pagetable overwrites the mmap_sem must be taken in write mode and all other anon_vma/i_mmap locks must be taken too. 2) It'd be a waste to add branches in the VM if nobody could possibly run KVM/GRU/XPMEM on the kernel, so mmu notifiers will only enabled if CONFIG_KVM=m/y. In the current kernel kvm won't yet take advantage of mmu notifiers, but this already allows to compile a KVM external module against a kernel with mmu notifiers enabled and from the next pull from kvm.git we'll start using them. And GRU/XPMEM will also be able to continue the development by enabling KVM=m in their config, until they submit all GRU/XPMEM GPLv2 code to the mainline kernel. Then they can also enable MMU_NOTIFIERS in the same way KVM does it (even if KVM=n). This guarantees nobody selects MMU_NOTIFIER=y if KVM and GRU and XPMEM are all =n. The mmu_notifier_register call can fail because mm_take_all_locks may be interrupted by a signal and return -EINTR. Because mmu_notifier_reigster is used when a driver startup, a failure can be gracefully handled. Here an example of the change applied to kvm to register the mmu notifiers. Usually when a driver startups other allocations are required anyway and -ENOMEM failure paths exists already. struct kvm *kvm_arch_create_vm(void) { struct kvm *kvm = kzalloc(sizeof(struct kvm), GFP_KERNEL); + int err; if (!kvm) return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM); INIT_LIST_HEAD(&kvm->arch.active_mmu_pages); + kvm->arch.mmu_notifier.ops = &kvm_mmu_notifier_ops; + err = mmu_notifier_register(&kvm->arch.mmu_notifier, current->mm); + if (err) { + kfree(kvm); + return ERR_PTR(err); + } + return kvm; } mmu_notifier_unregister returns void and it's reliable. The patch also adds a few needed but missing includes that would prevent kernel to compile after these changes on non-x86 archs (x86 didn't need them by luck). [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/filemap_xip.c build] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/mmu_notifier.c build] Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@qumranet.com> Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Jack Steiner <steiner@sgi.com> Cc: Robin Holt <holt@sgi.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Kanoj Sarcar <kanojsarcar@yahoo.com> Cc: Roland Dreier <rdreier@cisco.com> Cc: Steve Wise <swise@opengridcomputing.com> Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com> Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com> Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <marcelo@kvack.org> Cc: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com> Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@us.ibm.com> Cc: Izik Eidus <izike@qumranet.com> Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-07-29 06:46:29 +08:00
return 0;
}
mmu-notifier: add clear_young callback In the scope of the idle memory tracking feature, which is introduced by the following patch, we need to clear the referenced/accessed bit not only in primary, but also in secondary ptes. The latter is required in order to estimate wss of KVM VMs. At the same time we want to avoid flushing tlb, because it is quite expensive and it won't really affect the final result. Currently, there is no function for clearing pte young bit that would meet our requirements, so this patch introduces one. To achieve that we have to add a new mmu-notifier callback, clear_young, since there is no method for testing-and-clearing a secondary pte w/o flushing tlb. The new method is not mandatory and currently only implemented by KVM. Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com> Reviewed-by: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com> Acked-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Raghavendra K T <raghavendra.kt@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com> Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-09-10 06:35:41 +08:00
static inline int mmu_notifier_clear_young(struct mm_struct *mm,
unsigned long start,
unsigned long end)
{
if (mm_has_notifiers(mm))
return __mmu_notifier_clear_young(mm, start, end);
return 0;
}
thp: mmu_notifier_test_young For GRU and EPT, we need gup-fast to set referenced bit too (this is why it's correct to return 0 when shadow_access_mask is zero, it requires gup-fast to set the referenced bit). qemu-kvm access already sets the young bit in the pte if it isn't zero-copy, if it's zero copy or a shadow paging EPT minor fault we relay on gup-fast to signal the page is in use... We also need to check the young bits on the secondary pagetables for NPT and not nested shadow mmu as the data may never get accessed again by the primary pte. Without this closer accuracy, we'd have to remove the heuristic that avoids collapsing hugepages in hugepage virtual regions that have not even a single subpage in use. ->test_young is full backwards compatible with GRU and other usages that don't have young bits in pagetables set by the hardware and that should nuke the secondary mmu mappings when ->clear_flush_young runs just like EPT does. Removing the heuristic that checks the young bit in khugepaged/collapse_huge_page completely isn't so bad either probably but I thought it was worth it and this makes it reliable. Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2011-01-14 07:47:10 +08:00
static inline int mmu_notifier_test_young(struct mm_struct *mm,
unsigned long address)
{
if (mm_has_notifiers(mm))
return __mmu_notifier_test_young(mm, address);
return 0;
}
ksm: add mmu_notifier set_pte_at_notify() KSM is a linux driver that allows dynamicly sharing identical memory pages between one or more processes. Unlike tradtional page sharing that is made at the allocation of the memory, ksm do it dynamicly after the memory was created. Memory is periodically scanned; identical pages are identified and merged. The sharing is made in a transparent way to the processes that use it. Ksm is highly important for hypervisors (kvm), where in production enviorments there might be many copys of the same data data among the host memory. This kind of data can be: similar kernels, librarys, cache, and so on. Even that ksm was wrote for kvm, any userspace application that want to use it to share its data can try it. Ksm may be useful for any application that might have similar (page aligment) data strctures among the memory, ksm will find this data merge it to one copy, and even if it will be changed and thereforew copy on writed, ksm will merge it again as soon as it will be identical again. Another reason to consider using ksm is the fact that it might simplify alot the userspace code of application that want to use shared private data, instead that the application will mange shared area, ksm will do this for the application, and even write to this data will be allowed without any synchinization acts from the application. Ksm was designed to be a loadable module that doesn't change the VM code of linux. This patch: The set_pte_at_notify() macro allows setting a pte in the shadow page table directly, instead of flushing the shadow page table entry and then getting vmexit to set it. It uses a new change_pte() callback to do so. set_pte_at_notify() is an optimization for kvm, and other users of mmu_notifiers, for COW pages. It is useful for kvm when ksm is used, because it allows kvm not to have to receive vmexit and only then map the ksm page into the shadow page table, but instead map it directly at the same time as Linux maps the page into the host page table. Users of mmu_notifiers who don't implement new mmu_notifier_change_pte() callback will just receive the mmu_notifier_invalidate_page() callback. Signed-off-by: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com> Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 08:01:51 +08:00
static inline void mmu_notifier_change_pte(struct mm_struct *mm,
unsigned long address, pte_t pte)
{
if (mm_has_notifiers(mm))
__mmu_notifier_change_pte(mm, address, pte);
}
mmu-notifiers: core With KVM/GFP/XPMEM there isn't just the primary CPU MMU pointing to pages. There are secondary MMUs (with secondary sptes and secondary tlbs) too. sptes in the kvm case are shadow pagetables, but when I say spte in mmu-notifier context, I mean "secondary pte". In GRU case there's no actual secondary pte and there's only a secondary tlb because the GRU secondary MMU has no knowledge about sptes and every secondary tlb miss event in the MMU always generates a page fault that has to be resolved by the CPU (this is not the case of KVM where the a secondary tlb miss will walk sptes in hardware and it will refill the secondary tlb transparently to software if the corresponding spte is present). The same way zap_page_range has to invalidate the pte before freeing the page, the spte (and secondary tlb) must also be invalidated before any page is freed and reused. Currently we take a page_count pin on every page mapped by sptes, but that means the pages can't be swapped whenever they're mapped by any spte because they're part of the guest working set. Furthermore a spte unmap event can immediately lead to a page to be freed when the pin is released (so requiring the same complex and relatively slow tlb_gather smp safe logic we have in zap_page_range and that can be avoided completely if the spte unmap event doesn't require an unpin of the page previously mapped in the secondary MMU). The mmu notifiers allow kvm/GRU/XPMEM to attach to the tsk->mm and know when the VM is swapping or freeing or doing anything on the primary MMU so that the secondary MMU code can drop sptes before the pages are freed, avoiding all page pinning and allowing 100% reliable swapping of guest physical address space. Furthermore it avoids the code that teardown the mappings of the secondary MMU, to implement a logic like tlb_gather in zap_page_range that would require many IPI to flush other cpu tlbs, for each fixed number of spte unmapped. To make an example: if what happens on the primary MMU is a protection downgrade (from writeable to wrprotect) the secondary MMU mappings will be invalidated, and the next secondary-mmu-page-fault will call get_user_pages and trigger a do_wp_page through get_user_pages if it called get_user_pages with write=1, and it'll re-establishing an updated spte or secondary-tlb-mapping on the copied page. Or it will setup a readonly spte or readonly tlb mapping if it's a guest-read, if it calls get_user_pages with write=0. This is just an example. This allows to map any page pointed by any pte (and in turn visible in the primary CPU MMU), into a secondary MMU (be it a pure tlb like GRU, or an full MMU with both sptes and secondary-tlb like the shadow-pagetable layer with kvm), or a remote DMA in software like XPMEM (hence needing of schedule in XPMEM code to send the invalidate to the remote node, while no need to schedule in kvm/gru as it's an immediate event like invalidating primary-mmu pte). At least for KVM without this patch it's impossible to swap guests reliably. And having this feature and removing the page pin allows several other optimizations that simplify life considerably. Dependencies: 1) mm_take_all_locks() to register the mmu notifier when the whole VM isn't doing anything with "mm". This allows mmu notifier users to keep track if the VM is in the middle of the invalidate_range_begin/end critical section with an atomic counter incraese in range_begin and decreased in range_end. No secondary MMU page fault is allowed to map any spte or secondary tlb reference, while the VM is in the middle of range_begin/end as any page returned by get_user_pages in that critical section could later immediately be freed without any further ->invalidate_page notification (invalidate_range_begin/end works on ranges and ->invalidate_page isn't called immediately before freeing the page). To stop all page freeing and pagetable overwrites the mmap_sem must be taken in write mode and all other anon_vma/i_mmap locks must be taken too. 2) It'd be a waste to add branches in the VM if nobody could possibly run KVM/GRU/XPMEM on the kernel, so mmu notifiers will only enabled if CONFIG_KVM=m/y. In the current kernel kvm won't yet take advantage of mmu notifiers, but this already allows to compile a KVM external module against a kernel with mmu notifiers enabled and from the next pull from kvm.git we'll start using them. And GRU/XPMEM will also be able to continue the development by enabling KVM=m in their config, until they submit all GRU/XPMEM GPLv2 code to the mainline kernel. Then they can also enable MMU_NOTIFIERS in the same way KVM does it (even if KVM=n). This guarantees nobody selects MMU_NOTIFIER=y if KVM and GRU and XPMEM are all =n. The mmu_notifier_register call can fail because mm_take_all_locks may be interrupted by a signal and return -EINTR. Because mmu_notifier_reigster is used when a driver startup, a failure can be gracefully handled. Here an example of the change applied to kvm to register the mmu notifiers. Usually when a driver startups other allocations are required anyway and -ENOMEM failure paths exists already. struct kvm *kvm_arch_create_vm(void) { struct kvm *kvm = kzalloc(sizeof(struct kvm), GFP_KERNEL); + int err; if (!kvm) return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM); INIT_LIST_HEAD(&kvm->arch.active_mmu_pages); + kvm->arch.mmu_notifier.ops = &kvm_mmu_notifier_ops; + err = mmu_notifier_register(&kvm->arch.mmu_notifier, current->mm); + if (err) { + kfree(kvm); + return ERR_PTR(err); + } + return kvm; } mmu_notifier_unregister returns void and it's reliable. The patch also adds a few needed but missing includes that would prevent kernel to compile after these changes on non-x86 archs (x86 didn't need them by luck). [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/filemap_xip.c build] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/mmu_notifier.c build] Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@qumranet.com> Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Jack Steiner <steiner@sgi.com> Cc: Robin Holt <holt@sgi.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Kanoj Sarcar <kanojsarcar@yahoo.com> Cc: Roland Dreier <rdreier@cisco.com> Cc: Steve Wise <swise@opengridcomputing.com> Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com> Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com> Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <marcelo@kvack.org> Cc: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com> Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@us.ibm.com> Cc: Izik Eidus <izike@qumranet.com> Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-07-29 06:46:29 +08:00
static inline void mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start(struct mm_struct *mm,
unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
{
if (mm_has_notifiers(mm))
__mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start(mm, start, end);
}
static inline void mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_end(struct mm_struct *mm,
unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
{
if (mm_has_notifiers(mm))
__mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_end(mm, start, end);
}
mmu_notifier: add mmu_notifier_invalidate_range() This notifier closes an important gap in the current mmu_notifier implementation, the existing callbacks are called too early or too late to reliably manage a non-CPU TLB. Specifically, invalidate_range_start() is called when all pages are still mapped and invalidate_range_end() when all pages are unmapped and potentially freed. This is fine when the users of the mmu_notifiers manage their own SoftTLB, like KVM does. When the TLB is managed in software it is easy to wipe out entries for a given range and prevent new entries to be established until invalidate_range_end is called. But when the user of mmu_notifiers has to manage a hardware TLB it can still wipe out TLB entries in invalidate_range_start, but it can't make sure that no new TLB entries in the given range are established between invalidate_range_start and invalidate_range_end. To avoid silent data corruption the entries in the non-CPU TLB need to be flushed when the pages are unmapped (at this point in time no _new_ TLB entries can be established in the non-CPU TLB) but not yet freed (as the non-CPU TLB may still have _existing_ entries pointing to the pages about to be freed). To fix this problem we need to catch the moment when the Linux VMM flushes remote TLBs (as a non-CPU TLB is not very CPU TLB), as this is the point in time when the pages are unmapped but _not_ yet freed. The mmu_notifier_invalidate_range() function aims to catch that moment. IOMMU code will be one user of the notifier-callback. Currently this is only the AMD IOMMUv2 driver, but its code is about to be more generalized and converted to a generic IOMMU-API extension to fit the needs of similar functionality in other IOMMUs as well. The current attempt in the AMD IOMMUv2 driver to work around the invalidate_range_start/end() shortcoming is to assign an empty page table to the non-CPU TLB between any invalidata_range_start/end calls. With the empty page-table assigned, every page-table walk to re-fill the non-CPU TLB will cause a page-fault reported to the IOMMU driver via an interrupt, possibly causing interrupt storms. The page-fault handler in the AMD IOMMUv2 driver doesn't handle the fault if an invalidate_range_start/end pair is active, it just reports back SUCCESS to the device and let it refault the page. But existing hardware (newer Radeon GPUs) that makes use of this feature don't re-fault indefinitly, after a certain number of faults for the same address the device enters a failure state and needs to be resetted. To avoid the GPUs entering a failure state we need to get rid of the empty-page-table workaround and use the mmu_notifier_invalidate_range() function introduced with this patch. Signed-off-by: Joerg Roedel <jroedel@suse.de> Reviewed-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Jérôme Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Johannes Weiner <jweiner@redhat.com> Cc: Jay Cornwall <Jay.Cornwall@amd.com> Cc: Oded Gabbay <Oded.Gabbay@amd.com> Cc: Suravee Suthikulpanit <Suravee.Suthikulpanit@amd.com> Cc: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org> Cc: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Oded Gabbay <oded.gabbay@amd.com>
2014-11-13 10:46:09 +08:00
static inline void mmu_notifier_invalidate_range(struct mm_struct *mm,
unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
{
mmu_notifier: add the callback for mmu_notifier_invalidate_range() Now that the mmu_notifier_invalidate_range() calls are in place, add the callback to allow subsystems to register against it. Signed-off-by: Joerg Roedel <jroedel@suse.de> Reviewed-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Jérôme Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Johannes Weiner <jweiner@redhat.com> Cc: Jay Cornwall <Jay.Cornwall@amd.com> Cc: Oded Gabbay <Oded.Gabbay@amd.com> Cc: Suravee Suthikulpanit <Suravee.Suthikulpanit@amd.com> Cc: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org> Cc: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Oded Gabbay <oded.gabbay@amd.com>
2014-11-13 10:46:09 +08:00
if (mm_has_notifiers(mm))
__mmu_notifier_invalidate_range(mm, start, end);
mmu_notifier: add mmu_notifier_invalidate_range() This notifier closes an important gap in the current mmu_notifier implementation, the existing callbacks are called too early or too late to reliably manage a non-CPU TLB. Specifically, invalidate_range_start() is called when all pages are still mapped and invalidate_range_end() when all pages are unmapped and potentially freed. This is fine when the users of the mmu_notifiers manage their own SoftTLB, like KVM does. When the TLB is managed in software it is easy to wipe out entries for a given range and prevent new entries to be established until invalidate_range_end is called. But when the user of mmu_notifiers has to manage a hardware TLB it can still wipe out TLB entries in invalidate_range_start, but it can't make sure that no new TLB entries in the given range are established between invalidate_range_start and invalidate_range_end. To avoid silent data corruption the entries in the non-CPU TLB need to be flushed when the pages are unmapped (at this point in time no _new_ TLB entries can be established in the non-CPU TLB) but not yet freed (as the non-CPU TLB may still have _existing_ entries pointing to the pages about to be freed). To fix this problem we need to catch the moment when the Linux VMM flushes remote TLBs (as a non-CPU TLB is not very CPU TLB), as this is the point in time when the pages are unmapped but _not_ yet freed. The mmu_notifier_invalidate_range() function aims to catch that moment. IOMMU code will be one user of the notifier-callback. Currently this is only the AMD IOMMUv2 driver, but its code is about to be more generalized and converted to a generic IOMMU-API extension to fit the needs of similar functionality in other IOMMUs as well. The current attempt in the AMD IOMMUv2 driver to work around the invalidate_range_start/end() shortcoming is to assign an empty page table to the non-CPU TLB between any invalidata_range_start/end calls. With the empty page-table assigned, every page-table walk to re-fill the non-CPU TLB will cause a page-fault reported to the IOMMU driver via an interrupt, possibly causing interrupt storms. The page-fault handler in the AMD IOMMUv2 driver doesn't handle the fault if an invalidate_range_start/end pair is active, it just reports back SUCCESS to the device and let it refault the page. But existing hardware (newer Radeon GPUs) that makes use of this feature don't re-fault indefinitly, after a certain number of faults for the same address the device enters a failure state and needs to be resetted. To avoid the GPUs entering a failure state we need to get rid of the empty-page-table workaround and use the mmu_notifier_invalidate_range() function introduced with this patch. Signed-off-by: Joerg Roedel <jroedel@suse.de> Reviewed-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Jérôme Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Johannes Weiner <jweiner@redhat.com> Cc: Jay Cornwall <Jay.Cornwall@amd.com> Cc: Oded Gabbay <Oded.Gabbay@amd.com> Cc: Suravee Suthikulpanit <Suravee.Suthikulpanit@amd.com> Cc: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org> Cc: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Oded Gabbay <oded.gabbay@amd.com>
2014-11-13 10:46:09 +08:00
}
mmu-notifiers: core With KVM/GFP/XPMEM there isn't just the primary CPU MMU pointing to pages. There are secondary MMUs (with secondary sptes and secondary tlbs) too. sptes in the kvm case are shadow pagetables, but when I say spte in mmu-notifier context, I mean "secondary pte". In GRU case there's no actual secondary pte and there's only a secondary tlb because the GRU secondary MMU has no knowledge about sptes and every secondary tlb miss event in the MMU always generates a page fault that has to be resolved by the CPU (this is not the case of KVM where the a secondary tlb miss will walk sptes in hardware and it will refill the secondary tlb transparently to software if the corresponding spte is present). The same way zap_page_range has to invalidate the pte before freeing the page, the spte (and secondary tlb) must also be invalidated before any page is freed and reused. Currently we take a page_count pin on every page mapped by sptes, but that means the pages can't be swapped whenever they're mapped by any spte because they're part of the guest working set. Furthermore a spte unmap event can immediately lead to a page to be freed when the pin is released (so requiring the same complex and relatively slow tlb_gather smp safe logic we have in zap_page_range and that can be avoided completely if the spte unmap event doesn't require an unpin of the page previously mapped in the secondary MMU). The mmu notifiers allow kvm/GRU/XPMEM to attach to the tsk->mm and know when the VM is swapping or freeing or doing anything on the primary MMU so that the secondary MMU code can drop sptes before the pages are freed, avoiding all page pinning and allowing 100% reliable swapping of guest physical address space. Furthermore it avoids the code that teardown the mappings of the secondary MMU, to implement a logic like tlb_gather in zap_page_range that would require many IPI to flush other cpu tlbs, for each fixed number of spte unmapped. To make an example: if what happens on the primary MMU is a protection downgrade (from writeable to wrprotect) the secondary MMU mappings will be invalidated, and the next secondary-mmu-page-fault will call get_user_pages and trigger a do_wp_page through get_user_pages if it called get_user_pages with write=1, and it'll re-establishing an updated spte or secondary-tlb-mapping on the copied page. Or it will setup a readonly spte or readonly tlb mapping if it's a guest-read, if it calls get_user_pages with write=0. This is just an example. This allows to map any page pointed by any pte (and in turn visible in the primary CPU MMU), into a secondary MMU (be it a pure tlb like GRU, or an full MMU with both sptes and secondary-tlb like the shadow-pagetable layer with kvm), or a remote DMA in software like XPMEM (hence needing of schedule in XPMEM code to send the invalidate to the remote node, while no need to schedule in kvm/gru as it's an immediate event like invalidating primary-mmu pte). At least for KVM without this patch it's impossible to swap guests reliably. And having this feature and removing the page pin allows several other optimizations that simplify life considerably. Dependencies: 1) mm_take_all_locks() to register the mmu notifier when the whole VM isn't doing anything with "mm". This allows mmu notifier users to keep track if the VM is in the middle of the invalidate_range_begin/end critical section with an atomic counter incraese in range_begin and decreased in range_end. No secondary MMU page fault is allowed to map any spte or secondary tlb reference, while the VM is in the middle of range_begin/end as any page returned by get_user_pages in that critical section could later immediately be freed without any further ->invalidate_page notification (invalidate_range_begin/end works on ranges and ->invalidate_page isn't called immediately before freeing the page). To stop all page freeing and pagetable overwrites the mmap_sem must be taken in write mode and all other anon_vma/i_mmap locks must be taken too. 2) It'd be a waste to add branches in the VM if nobody could possibly run KVM/GRU/XPMEM on the kernel, so mmu notifiers will only enabled if CONFIG_KVM=m/y. In the current kernel kvm won't yet take advantage of mmu notifiers, but this already allows to compile a KVM external module against a kernel with mmu notifiers enabled and from the next pull from kvm.git we'll start using them. And GRU/XPMEM will also be able to continue the development by enabling KVM=m in their config, until they submit all GRU/XPMEM GPLv2 code to the mainline kernel. Then they can also enable MMU_NOTIFIERS in the same way KVM does it (even if KVM=n). This guarantees nobody selects MMU_NOTIFIER=y if KVM and GRU and XPMEM are all =n. The mmu_notifier_register call can fail because mm_take_all_locks may be interrupted by a signal and return -EINTR. Because mmu_notifier_reigster is used when a driver startup, a failure can be gracefully handled. Here an example of the change applied to kvm to register the mmu notifiers. Usually when a driver startups other allocations are required anyway and -ENOMEM failure paths exists already. struct kvm *kvm_arch_create_vm(void) { struct kvm *kvm = kzalloc(sizeof(struct kvm), GFP_KERNEL); + int err; if (!kvm) return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM); INIT_LIST_HEAD(&kvm->arch.active_mmu_pages); + kvm->arch.mmu_notifier.ops = &kvm_mmu_notifier_ops; + err = mmu_notifier_register(&kvm->arch.mmu_notifier, current->mm); + if (err) { + kfree(kvm); + return ERR_PTR(err); + } + return kvm; } mmu_notifier_unregister returns void and it's reliable. The patch also adds a few needed but missing includes that would prevent kernel to compile after these changes on non-x86 archs (x86 didn't need them by luck). [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/filemap_xip.c build] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/mmu_notifier.c build] Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@qumranet.com> Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Jack Steiner <steiner@sgi.com> Cc: Robin Holt <holt@sgi.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Kanoj Sarcar <kanojsarcar@yahoo.com> Cc: Roland Dreier <rdreier@cisco.com> Cc: Steve Wise <swise@opengridcomputing.com> Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com> Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com> Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <marcelo@kvack.org> Cc: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com> Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@us.ibm.com> Cc: Izik Eidus <izike@qumranet.com> Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-07-29 06:46:29 +08:00
static inline void mmu_notifier_mm_init(struct mm_struct *mm)
{
mm->mmu_notifier_mm = NULL;
}
static inline void mmu_notifier_mm_destroy(struct mm_struct *mm)
{
if (mm_has_notifiers(mm))
__mmu_notifier_mm_destroy(mm);
}
#define ptep_clear_flush_young_notify(__vma, __address, __ptep) \
({ \
int __young; \
struct vm_area_struct *___vma = __vma; \
unsigned long ___address = __address; \
__young = ptep_clear_flush_young(___vma, ___address, __ptep); \
__young |= mmu_notifier_clear_flush_young(___vma->vm_mm, \
kvm: Fix page ageing bugs 1. We were calling clear_flush_young_notify in unmap_one, but we are within an mmu notifier invalidate range scope. The spte exists no more (due to range_start) and the accessed bit info has already been propagated (due to kvm_pfn_set_accessed). Simply call clear_flush_young. 2. We clear_flush_young on a primary MMU PMD, but this may be mapped as a collection of PTEs by the secondary MMU (e.g. during log-dirty). This required expanding the interface of the clear_flush_young mmu notifier, so a lot of code has been trivially touched. 3. In the absence of shadow_accessed_mask (e.g. EPT A bit), we emulate the access bit by blowing the spte. This requires proper synchronizing with MMU notifier consumers, like every other removal of spte's does. Signed-off-by: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2014-09-23 05:54:42 +08:00
___address, \
___address + \
PAGE_SIZE); \
mmu-notifiers: core With KVM/GFP/XPMEM there isn't just the primary CPU MMU pointing to pages. There are secondary MMUs (with secondary sptes and secondary tlbs) too. sptes in the kvm case are shadow pagetables, but when I say spte in mmu-notifier context, I mean "secondary pte". In GRU case there's no actual secondary pte and there's only a secondary tlb because the GRU secondary MMU has no knowledge about sptes and every secondary tlb miss event in the MMU always generates a page fault that has to be resolved by the CPU (this is not the case of KVM where the a secondary tlb miss will walk sptes in hardware and it will refill the secondary tlb transparently to software if the corresponding spte is present). The same way zap_page_range has to invalidate the pte before freeing the page, the spte (and secondary tlb) must also be invalidated before any page is freed and reused. Currently we take a page_count pin on every page mapped by sptes, but that means the pages can't be swapped whenever they're mapped by any spte because they're part of the guest working set. Furthermore a spte unmap event can immediately lead to a page to be freed when the pin is released (so requiring the same complex and relatively slow tlb_gather smp safe logic we have in zap_page_range and that can be avoided completely if the spte unmap event doesn't require an unpin of the page previously mapped in the secondary MMU). The mmu notifiers allow kvm/GRU/XPMEM to attach to the tsk->mm and know when the VM is swapping or freeing or doing anything on the primary MMU so that the secondary MMU code can drop sptes before the pages are freed, avoiding all page pinning and allowing 100% reliable swapping of guest physical address space. Furthermore it avoids the code that teardown the mappings of the secondary MMU, to implement a logic like tlb_gather in zap_page_range that would require many IPI to flush other cpu tlbs, for each fixed number of spte unmapped. To make an example: if what happens on the primary MMU is a protection downgrade (from writeable to wrprotect) the secondary MMU mappings will be invalidated, and the next secondary-mmu-page-fault will call get_user_pages and trigger a do_wp_page through get_user_pages if it called get_user_pages with write=1, and it'll re-establishing an updated spte or secondary-tlb-mapping on the copied page. Or it will setup a readonly spte or readonly tlb mapping if it's a guest-read, if it calls get_user_pages with write=0. This is just an example. This allows to map any page pointed by any pte (and in turn visible in the primary CPU MMU), into a secondary MMU (be it a pure tlb like GRU, or an full MMU with both sptes and secondary-tlb like the shadow-pagetable layer with kvm), or a remote DMA in software like XPMEM (hence needing of schedule in XPMEM code to send the invalidate to the remote node, while no need to schedule in kvm/gru as it's an immediate event like invalidating primary-mmu pte). At least for KVM without this patch it's impossible to swap guests reliably. And having this feature and removing the page pin allows several other optimizations that simplify life considerably. Dependencies: 1) mm_take_all_locks() to register the mmu notifier when the whole VM isn't doing anything with "mm". This allows mmu notifier users to keep track if the VM is in the middle of the invalidate_range_begin/end critical section with an atomic counter incraese in range_begin and decreased in range_end. No secondary MMU page fault is allowed to map any spte or secondary tlb reference, while the VM is in the middle of range_begin/end as any page returned by get_user_pages in that critical section could later immediately be freed without any further ->invalidate_page notification (invalidate_range_begin/end works on ranges and ->invalidate_page isn't called immediately before freeing the page). To stop all page freeing and pagetable overwrites the mmap_sem must be taken in write mode and all other anon_vma/i_mmap locks must be taken too. 2) It'd be a waste to add branches in the VM if nobody could possibly run KVM/GRU/XPMEM on the kernel, so mmu notifiers will only enabled if CONFIG_KVM=m/y. In the current kernel kvm won't yet take advantage of mmu notifiers, but this already allows to compile a KVM external module against a kernel with mmu notifiers enabled and from the next pull from kvm.git we'll start using them. And GRU/XPMEM will also be able to continue the development by enabling KVM=m in their config, until they submit all GRU/XPMEM GPLv2 code to the mainline kernel. Then they can also enable MMU_NOTIFIERS in the same way KVM does it (even if KVM=n). This guarantees nobody selects MMU_NOTIFIER=y if KVM and GRU and XPMEM are all =n. The mmu_notifier_register call can fail because mm_take_all_locks may be interrupted by a signal and return -EINTR. Because mmu_notifier_reigster is used when a driver startup, a failure can be gracefully handled. Here an example of the change applied to kvm to register the mmu notifiers. Usually when a driver startups other allocations are required anyway and -ENOMEM failure paths exists already. struct kvm *kvm_arch_create_vm(void) { struct kvm *kvm = kzalloc(sizeof(struct kvm), GFP_KERNEL); + int err; if (!kvm) return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM); INIT_LIST_HEAD(&kvm->arch.active_mmu_pages); + kvm->arch.mmu_notifier.ops = &kvm_mmu_notifier_ops; + err = mmu_notifier_register(&kvm->arch.mmu_notifier, current->mm); + if (err) { + kfree(kvm); + return ERR_PTR(err); + } + return kvm; } mmu_notifier_unregister returns void and it's reliable. The patch also adds a few needed but missing includes that would prevent kernel to compile after these changes on non-x86 archs (x86 didn't need them by luck). [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/filemap_xip.c build] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/mmu_notifier.c build] Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@qumranet.com> Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Jack Steiner <steiner@sgi.com> Cc: Robin Holt <holt@sgi.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Kanoj Sarcar <kanojsarcar@yahoo.com> Cc: Roland Dreier <rdreier@cisco.com> Cc: Steve Wise <swise@opengridcomputing.com> Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com> Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com> Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <marcelo@kvack.org> Cc: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com> Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@us.ibm.com> Cc: Izik Eidus <izike@qumranet.com> Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-07-29 06:46:29 +08:00
__young; \
})
thp: add pmd mmu_notifier helpers Add mmu notifier helpers to handle pmd huge operations. Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2011-01-14 07:46:44 +08:00
#define pmdp_clear_flush_young_notify(__vma, __address, __pmdp) \
({ \
int __young; \
struct vm_area_struct *___vma = __vma; \
unsigned long ___address = __address; \
__young = pmdp_clear_flush_young(___vma, ___address, __pmdp); \
__young |= mmu_notifier_clear_flush_young(___vma->vm_mm, \
kvm: Fix page ageing bugs 1. We were calling clear_flush_young_notify in unmap_one, but we are within an mmu notifier invalidate range scope. The spte exists no more (due to range_start) and the accessed bit info has already been propagated (due to kvm_pfn_set_accessed). Simply call clear_flush_young. 2. We clear_flush_young on a primary MMU PMD, but this may be mapped as a collection of PTEs by the secondary MMU (e.g. during log-dirty). This required expanding the interface of the clear_flush_young mmu notifier, so a lot of code has been trivially touched. 3. In the absence of shadow_accessed_mask (e.g. EPT A bit), we emulate the access bit by blowing the spte. This requires proper synchronizing with MMU notifier consumers, like every other removal of spte's does. Signed-off-by: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2014-09-23 05:54:42 +08:00
___address, \
___address + \
PMD_SIZE); \
thp: add pmd mmu_notifier helpers Add mmu notifier helpers to handle pmd huge operations. Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2011-01-14 07:46:44 +08:00
__young; \
})
mmu-notifier: add clear_young callback In the scope of the idle memory tracking feature, which is introduced by the following patch, we need to clear the referenced/accessed bit not only in primary, but also in secondary ptes. The latter is required in order to estimate wss of KVM VMs. At the same time we want to avoid flushing tlb, because it is quite expensive and it won't really affect the final result. Currently, there is no function for clearing pte young bit that would meet our requirements, so this patch introduces one. To achieve that we have to add a new mmu-notifier callback, clear_young, since there is no method for testing-and-clearing a secondary pte w/o flushing tlb. The new method is not mandatory and currently only implemented by KVM. Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com> Reviewed-by: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com> Acked-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Raghavendra K T <raghavendra.kt@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com> Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-09-10 06:35:41 +08:00
#define ptep_clear_young_notify(__vma, __address, __ptep) \
({ \
int __young; \
struct vm_area_struct *___vma = __vma; \
unsigned long ___address = __address; \
__young = ptep_test_and_clear_young(___vma, ___address, __ptep);\
__young |= mmu_notifier_clear_young(___vma->vm_mm, ___address, \
___address + PAGE_SIZE); \
__young; \
})
#define pmdp_clear_young_notify(__vma, __address, __pmdp) \
({ \
int __young; \
struct vm_area_struct *___vma = __vma; \
unsigned long ___address = __address; \
__young = pmdp_test_and_clear_young(___vma, ___address, __pmdp);\
__young |= mmu_notifier_clear_young(___vma->vm_mm, ___address, \
___address + PMD_SIZE); \
__young; \
})
mmu_notifier: call mmu_notifier_invalidate_range() from VMM Add calls to the new mmu_notifier_invalidate_range() function to all places in the VMM that need it. Signed-off-by: Joerg Roedel <jroedel@suse.de> Reviewed-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Jérôme Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Johannes Weiner <jweiner@redhat.com> Cc: Jay Cornwall <Jay.Cornwall@amd.com> Cc: Oded Gabbay <Oded.Gabbay@amd.com> Cc: Suravee Suthikulpanit <Suravee.Suthikulpanit@amd.com> Cc: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org> Cc: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Oded Gabbay <oded.gabbay@amd.com>
2014-11-13 10:46:09 +08:00
#define ptep_clear_flush_notify(__vma, __address, __ptep) \
({ \
unsigned long ___addr = __address & PAGE_MASK; \
struct mm_struct *___mm = (__vma)->vm_mm; \
pte_t ___pte; \
\
___pte = ptep_clear_flush(__vma, __address, __ptep); \
mmu_notifier_invalidate_range(___mm, ___addr, \
___addr + PAGE_SIZE); \
\
___pte; \
})
mm: clarify that the function operates on hugepage pte We have confusing functions to clear pmd, pmd_clear_* and pmd_clear. Add _huge_ to pmdp_clear functions so that we are clear that they operate on hugepage pte. We don't bother about other functions like pmdp_set_wrprotect, pmdp_clear_flush_young, because they operate on PTE bits and hence indicate they are operating on hugepage ptes Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-06-25 07:57:44 +08:00
#define pmdp_huge_clear_flush_notify(__vma, __haddr, __pmd) \
mmu_notifier: call mmu_notifier_invalidate_range() from VMM Add calls to the new mmu_notifier_invalidate_range() function to all places in the VMM that need it. Signed-off-by: Joerg Roedel <jroedel@suse.de> Reviewed-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Jérôme Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Johannes Weiner <jweiner@redhat.com> Cc: Jay Cornwall <Jay.Cornwall@amd.com> Cc: Oded Gabbay <Oded.Gabbay@amd.com> Cc: Suravee Suthikulpanit <Suravee.Suthikulpanit@amd.com> Cc: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org> Cc: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Oded Gabbay <oded.gabbay@amd.com>
2014-11-13 10:46:09 +08:00
({ \
unsigned long ___haddr = __haddr & HPAGE_PMD_MASK; \
struct mm_struct *___mm = (__vma)->vm_mm; \
pmd_t ___pmd; \
\
mm: clarify that the function operates on hugepage pte We have confusing functions to clear pmd, pmd_clear_* and pmd_clear. Add _huge_ to pmdp_clear functions so that we are clear that they operate on hugepage pte. We don't bother about other functions like pmdp_set_wrprotect, pmdp_clear_flush_young, because they operate on PTE bits and hence indicate they are operating on hugepage ptes Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-06-25 07:57:44 +08:00
___pmd = pmdp_huge_clear_flush(__vma, __haddr, __pmd); \
mmu_notifier: call mmu_notifier_invalidate_range() from VMM Add calls to the new mmu_notifier_invalidate_range() function to all places in the VMM that need it. Signed-off-by: Joerg Roedel <jroedel@suse.de> Reviewed-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Jérôme Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Johannes Weiner <jweiner@redhat.com> Cc: Jay Cornwall <Jay.Cornwall@amd.com> Cc: Oded Gabbay <Oded.Gabbay@amd.com> Cc: Suravee Suthikulpanit <Suravee.Suthikulpanit@amd.com> Cc: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org> Cc: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Oded Gabbay <oded.gabbay@amd.com>
2014-11-13 10:46:09 +08:00
mmu_notifier_invalidate_range(___mm, ___haddr, \
___haddr + HPAGE_PMD_SIZE); \
\
___pmd; \
})
mm, x86: add support for PUD-sized transparent hugepages The current transparent hugepage code only supports PMDs. This patch adds support for transparent use of PUDs with DAX. It does not include support for anonymous pages. x86 support code also added. Most of this patch simply parallels the work that was done for huge PMDs. The only major difference is how the new ->pud_entry method in mm_walk works. The ->pmd_entry method replaces the ->pte_entry method, whereas the ->pud_entry method works along with either ->pmd_entry or ->pte_entry. The pagewalk code takes care of locking the PUD before calling ->pud_walk, so handlers do not need to worry whether the PUD is stable. [dave.jiang@intel.com: fix SMP x86 32bit build for native_pud_clear()] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/148719066814.31111.3239231168815337012.stgit@djiang5-desk3.ch.intel.com [dave.jiang@intel.com: native_pud_clear missing on i386 build] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/148640375195.69754.3315433724330910314.stgit@djiang5-desk3.ch.intel.com Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/148545059381.17912.8602162635537598445.stgit@djiang5-desk3.ch.intel.com Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <mawilcox@microsoft.com> Signed-off-by: Dave Jiang <dave.jiang@intel.com> Tested-by: Alexander Kapshuk <alexander.kapshuk@gmail.com> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.com> Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> Cc: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com> Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Nilesh Choudhury <nilesh.choudhury@oracle.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-02-25 06:57:02 +08:00
#define pudp_huge_clear_flush_notify(__vma, __haddr, __pud) \
({ \
unsigned long ___haddr = __haddr & HPAGE_PUD_MASK; \
struct mm_struct *___mm = (__vma)->vm_mm; \
pud_t ___pud; \
\
___pud = pudp_huge_clear_flush(__vma, __haddr, __pud); \
mmu_notifier_invalidate_range(___mm, ___haddr, \
___haddr + HPAGE_PUD_SIZE); \
\
___pud; \
})
mm: mmu_notifier: fix inconsistent memory between secondary MMU and host There is a bug in set_pte_at_notify() which always sets the pte to the new page before releasing the old page in the secondary MMU. At this time, the process will access on the new page, but the secondary MMU still access on the old page, the memory is inconsistent between them The below scenario shows the bug more clearly: at the beginning: *p = 0, and p is write-protected by KSM or shared with parent process CPU 0 CPU 1 write 1 to p to trigger COW, set_pte_at_notify will be called: *pte = new_page + W; /* The W bit of pte is set */ *p = 1; /* pte is valid, so no #PF */ return back to secondary MMU, then the secondary MMU read p, but get: *p == 0; /* * !!!!!! * the host has already set p to 1, but the secondary * MMU still get the old value 0 */ call mmu_notifier_change_pte to release old page in secondary MMU We can fix it by release old page first, then set the pte to the new page. Note, the new page will be firstly used in secondary MMU before it is mapped into the page table of the process, but this is safe because it is protected by the page table lock, there is no race to change the pte [akpm@linux-foundation.org: add comment from Andrea] Signed-off-by: Xiao Guangrong <xiaoguangrong@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com> Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-10-09 07:29:23 +08:00
/*
* set_pte_at_notify() sets the pte _after_ running the notifier.
* This is safe to start by updating the secondary MMUs, because the primary MMU
* pte invalidate must have already happened with a ptep_clear_flush() before
* set_pte_at_notify() has been invoked. Updating the secondary MMUs first is
* required when we change both the protection of the mapping from read-only to
* read-write and the pfn (like during copy on write page faults). Otherwise the
* old page would remain mapped readonly in the secondary MMUs after the new
* page is already writable by some CPU through the primary MMU.
*/
ksm: add mmu_notifier set_pte_at_notify() KSM is a linux driver that allows dynamicly sharing identical memory pages between one or more processes. Unlike tradtional page sharing that is made at the allocation of the memory, ksm do it dynamicly after the memory was created. Memory is periodically scanned; identical pages are identified and merged. The sharing is made in a transparent way to the processes that use it. Ksm is highly important for hypervisors (kvm), where in production enviorments there might be many copys of the same data data among the host memory. This kind of data can be: similar kernels, librarys, cache, and so on. Even that ksm was wrote for kvm, any userspace application that want to use it to share its data can try it. Ksm may be useful for any application that might have similar (page aligment) data strctures among the memory, ksm will find this data merge it to one copy, and even if it will be changed and thereforew copy on writed, ksm will merge it again as soon as it will be identical again. Another reason to consider using ksm is the fact that it might simplify alot the userspace code of application that want to use shared private data, instead that the application will mange shared area, ksm will do this for the application, and even write to this data will be allowed without any synchinization acts from the application. Ksm was designed to be a loadable module that doesn't change the VM code of linux. This patch: The set_pte_at_notify() macro allows setting a pte in the shadow page table directly, instead of flushing the shadow page table entry and then getting vmexit to set it. It uses a new change_pte() callback to do so. set_pte_at_notify() is an optimization for kvm, and other users of mmu_notifiers, for COW pages. It is useful for kvm when ksm is used, because it allows kvm not to have to receive vmexit and only then map the ksm page into the shadow page table, but instead map it directly at the same time as Linux maps the page into the host page table. Users of mmu_notifiers who don't implement new mmu_notifier_change_pte() callback will just receive the mmu_notifier_invalidate_page() callback. Signed-off-by: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com> Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 08:01:51 +08:00
#define set_pte_at_notify(__mm, __address, __ptep, __pte) \
({ \
struct mm_struct *___mm = __mm; \
unsigned long ___address = __address; \
pte_t ___pte = __pte; \
\
mmu_notifier_change_pte(___mm, ___address, ___pte); \
mm: mmu_notifier: fix inconsistent memory between secondary MMU and host There is a bug in set_pte_at_notify() which always sets the pte to the new page before releasing the old page in the secondary MMU. At this time, the process will access on the new page, but the secondary MMU still access on the old page, the memory is inconsistent between them The below scenario shows the bug more clearly: at the beginning: *p = 0, and p is write-protected by KSM or shared with parent process CPU 0 CPU 1 write 1 to p to trigger COW, set_pte_at_notify will be called: *pte = new_page + W; /* The W bit of pte is set */ *p = 1; /* pte is valid, so no #PF */ return back to secondary MMU, then the secondary MMU read p, but get: *p == 0; /* * !!!!!! * the host has already set p to 1, but the secondary * MMU still get the old value 0 */ call mmu_notifier_change_pte to release old page in secondary MMU We can fix it by release old page first, then set the pte to the new page. Note, the new page will be firstly used in secondary MMU before it is mapped into the page table of the process, but this is safe because it is protected by the page table lock, there is no race to change the pte [akpm@linux-foundation.org: add comment from Andrea] Signed-off-by: Xiao Guangrong <xiaoguangrong@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com> Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-10-09 07:29:23 +08:00
set_pte_at(___mm, ___address, __ptep, ___pte); \
ksm: add mmu_notifier set_pte_at_notify() KSM is a linux driver that allows dynamicly sharing identical memory pages between one or more processes. Unlike tradtional page sharing that is made at the allocation of the memory, ksm do it dynamicly after the memory was created. Memory is periodically scanned; identical pages are identified and merged. The sharing is made in a transparent way to the processes that use it. Ksm is highly important for hypervisors (kvm), where in production enviorments there might be many copys of the same data data among the host memory. This kind of data can be: similar kernels, librarys, cache, and so on. Even that ksm was wrote for kvm, any userspace application that want to use it to share its data can try it. Ksm may be useful for any application that might have similar (page aligment) data strctures among the memory, ksm will find this data merge it to one copy, and even if it will be changed and thereforew copy on writed, ksm will merge it again as soon as it will be identical again. Another reason to consider using ksm is the fact that it might simplify alot the userspace code of application that want to use shared private data, instead that the application will mange shared area, ksm will do this for the application, and even write to this data will be allowed without any synchinization acts from the application. Ksm was designed to be a loadable module that doesn't change the VM code of linux. This patch: The set_pte_at_notify() macro allows setting a pte in the shadow page table directly, instead of flushing the shadow page table entry and then getting vmexit to set it. It uses a new change_pte() callback to do so. set_pte_at_notify() is an optimization for kvm, and other users of mmu_notifiers, for COW pages. It is useful for kvm when ksm is used, because it allows kvm not to have to receive vmexit and only then map the ksm page into the shadow page table, but instead map it directly at the same time as Linux maps the page into the host page table. Users of mmu_notifiers who don't implement new mmu_notifier_change_pte() callback will just receive the mmu_notifier_invalidate_page() callback. Signed-off-by: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com> Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 08:01:51 +08:00
})
mmu_notifier: add call_srcu and sync function for listener to delay call and sync When kernel device drivers or subsystems want to bind their lifespan to t= he lifespan of the mm_struct, they usually use one of the following methods: 1. Manually calling a function in the interested kernel module. The funct= ion call needs to be placed in mmput. This method was rejected by several ker= nel maintainers. 2. Registering to the mmu notifier release mechanism. The problem with the latter approach is that the mmu_notifier_release cal= lback is called from__mmu_notifier_release (called from exit_mmap). That functi= on iterates over the list of mmu notifiers and don't expect the release call= back function to remove itself from the list. Therefore, the callback function= in the kernel module can't release the mmu_notifier_object, which is actuall= y the kernel module's object itself. As a result, the destruction of the kernel module's object must to be done in a delayed fashion. This patch adds support for this delayed callback, by adding a new mmu_notifier_call_srcu function that receives a function ptr and calls th= at function with call_srcu. In that function, the kernel module releases its object. To use mmu_notifier_call_srcu, the calling module needs to call b= efore that a new function called mmu_notifier_unregister_no_release that as its= name implies, unregisters a notifier without calling its notifier release call= back. This patch also adds a function that will call barrier_srcu so those kern= el modules can sync with mmu_notifier. Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Jérôme Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Oded Gabbay <oded.gabbay@amd.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-08-07 07:08:20 +08:00
extern void mmu_notifier_call_srcu(struct rcu_head *rcu,
void (*func)(struct rcu_head *rcu));
extern void mmu_notifier_synchronize(void);
mmu-notifiers: core With KVM/GFP/XPMEM there isn't just the primary CPU MMU pointing to pages. There are secondary MMUs (with secondary sptes and secondary tlbs) too. sptes in the kvm case are shadow pagetables, but when I say spte in mmu-notifier context, I mean "secondary pte". In GRU case there's no actual secondary pte and there's only a secondary tlb because the GRU secondary MMU has no knowledge about sptes and every secondary tlb miss event in the MMU always generates a page fault that has to be resolved by the CPU (this is not the case of KVM where the a secondary tlb miss will walk sptes in hardware and it will refill the secondary tlb transparently to software if the corresponding spte is present). The same way zap_page_range has to invalidate the pte before freeing the page, the spte (and secondary tlb) must also be invalidated before any page is freed and reused. Currently we take a page_count pin on every page mapped by sptes, but that means the pages can't be swapped whenever they're mapped by any spte because they're part of the guest working set. Furthermore a spte unmap event can immediately lead to a page to be freed when the pin is released (so requiring the same complex and relatively slow tlb_gather smp safe logic we have in zap_page_range and that can be avoided completely if the spte unmap event doesn't require an unpin of the page previously mapped in the secondary MMU). The mmu notifiers allow kvm/GRU/XPMEM to attach to the tsk->mm and know when the VM is swapping or freeing or doing anything on the primary MMU so that the secondary MMU code can drop sptes before the pages are freed, avoiding all page pinning and allowing 100% reliable swapping of guest physical address space. Furthermore it avoids the code that teardown the mappings of the secondary MMU, to implement a logic like tlb_gather in zap_page_range that would require many IPI to flush other cpu tlbs, for each fixed number of spte unmapped. To make an example: if what happens on the primary MMU is a protection downgrade (from writeable to wrprotect) the secondary MMU mappings will be invalidated, and the next secondary-mmu-page-fault will call get_user_pages and trigger a do_wp_page through get_user_pages if it called get_user_pages with write=1, and it'll re-establishing an updated spte or secondary-tlb-mapping on the copied page. Or it will setup a readonly spte or readonly tlb mapping if it's a guest-read, if it calls get_user_pages with write=0. This is just an example. This allows to map any page pointed by any pte (and in turn visible in the primary CPU MMU), into a secondary MMU (be it a pure tlb like GRU, or an full MMU with both sptes and secondary-tlb like the shadow-pagetable layer with kvm), or a remote DMA in software like XPMEM (hence needing of schedule in XPMEM code to send the invalidate to the remote node, while no need to schedule in kvm/gru as it's an immediate event like invalidating primary-mmu pte). At least for KVM without this patch it's impossible to swap guests reliably. And having this feature and removing the page pin allows several other optimizations that simplify life considerably. Dependencies: 1) mm_take_all_locks() to register the mmu notifier when the whole VM isn't doing anything with "mm". This allows mmu notifier users to keep track if the VM is in the middle of the invalidate_range_begin/end critical section with an atomic counter incraese in range_begin and decreased in range_end. No secondary MMU page fault is allowed to map any spte or secondary tlb reference, while the VM is in the middle of range_begin/end as any page returned by get_user_pages in that critical section could later immediately be freed without any further ->invalidate_page notification (invalidate_range_begin/end works on ranges and ->invalidate_page isn't called immediately before freeing the page). To stop all page freeing and pagetable overwrites the mmap_sem must be taken in write mode and all other anon_vma/i_mmap locks must be taken too. 2) It'd be a waste to add branches in the VM if nobody could possibly run KVM/GRU/XPMEM on the kernel, so mmu notifiers will only enabled if CONFIG_KVM=m/y. In the current kernel kvm won't yet take advantage of mmu notifiers, but this already allows to compile a KVM external module against a kernel with mmu notifiers enabled and from the next pull from kvm.git we'll start using them. And GRU/XPMEM will also be able to continue the development by enabling KVM=m in their config, until they submit all GRU/XPMEM GPLv2 code to the mainline kernel. Then they can also enable MMU_NOTIFIERS in the same way KVM does it (even if KVM=n). This guarantees nobody selects MMU_NOTIFIER=y if KVM and GRU and XPMEM are all =n. The mmu_notifier_register call can fail because mm_take_all_locks may be interrupted by a signal and return -EINTR. Because mmu_notifier_reigster is used when a driver startup, a failure can be gracefully handled. Here an example of the change applied to kvm to register the mmu notifiers. Usually when a driver startups other allocations are required anyway and -ENOMEM failure paths exists already. struct kvm *kvm_arch_create_vm(void) { struct kvm *kvm = kzalloc(sizeof(struct kvm), GFP_KERNEL); + int err; if (!kvm) return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM); INIT_LIST_HEAD(&kvm->arch.active_mmu_pages); + kvm->arch.mmu_notifier.ops = &kvm_mmu_notifier_ops; + err = mmu_notifier_register(&kvm->arch.mmu_notifier, current->mm); + if (err) { + kfree(kvm); + return ERR_PTR(err); + } + return kvm; } mmu_notifier_unregister returns void and it's reliable. The patch also adds a few needed but missing includes that would prevent kernel to compile after these changes on non-x86 archs (x86 didn't need them by luck). [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/filemap_xip.c build] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/mmu_notifier.c build] Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@qumranet.com> Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Jack Steiner <steiner@sgi.com> Cc: Robin Holt <holt@sgi.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Kanoj Sarcar <kanojsarcar@yahoo.com> Cc: Roland Dreier <rdreier@cisco.com> Cc: Steve Wise <swise@opengridcomputing.com> Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com> Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com> Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <marcelo@kvack.org> Cc: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com> Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@us.ibm.com> Cc: Izik Eidus <izike@qumranet.com> Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-07-29 06:46:29 +08:00
#else /* CONFIG_MMU_NOTIFIER */
static inline void mmu_notifier_release(struct mm_struct *mm)
{
}
static inline int mmu_notifier_clear_flush_young(struct mm_struct *mm,
kvm: Fix page ageing bugs 1. We were calling clear_flush_young_notify in unmap_one, but we are within an mmu notifier invalidate range scope. The spte exists no more (due to range_start) and the accessed bit info has already been propagated (due to kvm_pfn_set_accessed). Simply call clear_flush_young. 2. We clear_flush_young on a primary MMU PMD, but this may be mapped as a collection of PTEs by the secondary MMU (e.g. during log-dirty). This required expanding the interface of the clear_flush_young mmu notifier, so a lot of code has been trivially touched. 3. In the absence of shadow_accessed_mask (e.g. EPT A bit), we emulate the access bit by blowing the spte. This requires proper synchronizing with MMU notifier consumers, like every other removal of spte's does. Signed-off-by: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2014-09-23 05:54:42 +08:00
unsigned long start,
unsigned long end)
thp: mmu_notifier_test_young For GRU and EPT, we need gup-fast to set referenced bit too (this is why it's correct to return 0 when shadow_access_mask is zero, it requires gup-fast to set the referenced bit). qemu-kvm access already sets the young bit in the pte if it isn't zero-copy, if it's zero copy or a shadow paging EPT minor fault we relay on gup-fast to signal the page is in use... We also need to check the young bits on the secondary pagetables for NPT and not nested shadow mmu as the data may never get accessed again by the primary pte. Without this closer accuracy, we'd have to remove the heuristic that avoids collapsing hugepages in hugepage virtual regions that have not even a single subpage in use. ->test_young is full backwards compatible with GRU and other usages that don't have young bits in pagetables set by the hardware and that should nuke the secondary mmu mappings when ->clear_flush_young runs just like EPT does. Removing the heuristic that checks the young bit in khugepaged/collapse_huge_page completely isn't so bad either probably but I thought it was worth it and this makes it reliable. Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2011-01-14 07:47:10 +08:00
{
return 0;
}
static inline int mmu_notifier_test_young(struct mm_struct *mm,
unsigned long address)
mmu-notifiers: core With KVM/GFP/XPMEM there isn't just the primary CPU MMU pointing to pages. There are secondary MMUs (with secondary sptes and secondary tlbs) too. sptes in the kvm case are shadow pagetables, but when I say spte in mmu-notifier context, I mean "secondary pte". In GRU case there's no actual secondary pte and there's only a secondary tlb because the GRU secondary MMU has no knowledge about sptes and every secondary tlb miss event in the MMU always generates a page fault that has to be resolved by the CPU (this is not the case of KVM where the a secondary tlb miss will walk sptes in hardware and it will refill the secondary tlb transparently to software if the corresponding spte is present). The same way zap_page_range has to invalidate the pte before freeing the page, the spte (and secondary tlb) must also be invalidated before any page is freed and reused. Currently we take a page_count pin on every page mapped by sptes, but that means the pages can't be swapped whenever they're mapped by any spte because they're part of the guest working set. Furthermore a spte unmap event can immediately lead to a page to be freed when the pin is released (so requiring the same complex and relatively slow tlb_gather smp safe logic we have in zap_page_range and that can be avoided completely if the spte unmap event doesn't require an unpin of the page previously mapped in the secondary MMU). The mmu notifiers allow kvm/GRU/XPMEM to attach to the tsk->mm and know when the VM is swapping or freeing or doing anything on the primary MMU so that the secondary MMU code can drop sptes before the pages are freed, avoiding all page pinning and allowing 100% reliable swapping of guest physical address space. Furthermore it avoids the code that teardown the mappings of the secondary MMU, to implement a logic like tlb_gather in zap_page_range that would require many IPI to flush other cpu tlbs, for each fixed number of spte unmapped. To make an example: if what happens on the primary MMU is a protection downgrade (from writeable to wrprotect) the secondary MMU mappings will be invalidated, and the next secondary-mmu-page-fault will call get_user_pages and trigger a do_wp_page through get_user_pages if it called get_user_pages with write=1, and it'll re-establishing an updated spte or secondary-tlb-mapping on the copied page. Or it will setup a readonly spte or readonly tlb mapping if it's a guest-read, if it calls get_user_pages with write=0. This is just an example. This allows to map any page pointed by any pte (and in turn visible in the primary CPU MMU), into a secondary MMU (be it a pure tlb like GRU, or an full MMU with both sptes and secondary-tlb like the shadow-pagetable layer with kvm), or a remote DMA in software like XPMEM (hence needing of schedule in XPMEM code to send the invalidate to the remote node, while no need to schedule in kvm/gru as it's an immediate event like invalidating primary-mmu pte). At least for KVM without this patch it's impossible to swap guests reliably. And having this feature and removing the page pin allows several other optimizations that simplify life considerably. Dependencies: 1) mm_take_all_locks() to register the mmu notifier when the whole VM isn't doing anything with "mm". This allows mmu notifier users to keep track if the VM is in the middle of the invalidate_range_begin/end critical section with an atomic counter incraese in range_begin and decreased in range_end. No secondary MMU page fault is allowed to map any spte or secondary tlb reference, while the VM is in the middle of range_begin/end as any page returned by get_user_pages in that critical section could later immediately be freed without any further ->invalidate_page notification (invalidate_range_begin/end works on ranges and ->invalidate_page isn't called immediately before freeing the page). To stop all page freeing and pagetable overwrites the mmap_sem must be taken in write mode and all other anon_vma/i_mmap locks must be taken too. 2) It'd be a waste to add branches in the VM if nobody could possibly run KVM/GRU/XPMEM on the kernel, so mmu notifiers will only enabled if CONFIG_KVM=m/y. In the current kernel kvm won't yet take advantage of mmu notifiers, but this already allows to compile a KVM external module against a kernel with mmu notifiers enabled and from the next pull from kvm.git we'll start using them. And GRU/XPMEM will also be able to continue the development by enabling KVM=m in their config, until they submit all GRU/XPMEM GPLv2 code to the mainline kernel. Then they can also enable MMU_NOTIFIERS in the same way KVM does it (even if KVM=n). This guarantees nobody selects MMU_NOTIFIER=y if KVM and GRU and XPMEM are all =n. The mmu_notifier_register call can fail because mm_take_all_locks may be interrupted by a signal and return -EINTR. Because mmu_notifier_reigster is used when a driver startup, a failure can be gracefully handled. Here an example of the change applied to kvm to register the mmu notifiers. Usually when a driver startups other allocations are required anyway and -ENOMEM failure paths exists already. struct kvm *kvm_arch_create_vm(void) { struct kvm *kvm = kzalloc(sizeof(struct kvm), GFP_KERNEL); + int err; if (!kvm) return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM); INIT_LIST_HEAD(&kvm->arch.active_mmu_pages); + kvm->arch.mmu_notifier.ops = &kvm_mmu_notifier_ops; + err = mmu_notifier_register(&kvm->arch.mmu_notifier, current->mm); + if (err) { + kfree(kvm); + return ERR_PTR(err); + } + return kvm; } mmu_notifier_unregister returns void and it's reliable. The patch also adds a few needed but missing includes that would prevent kernel to compile after these changes on non-x86 archs (x86 didn't need them by luck). [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/filemap_xip.c build] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/mmu_notifier.c build] Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@qumranet.com> Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Jack Steiner <steiner@sgi.com> Cc: Robin Holt <holt@sgi.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Kanoj Sarcar <kanojsarcar@yahoo.com> Cc: Roland Dreier <rdreier@cisco.com> Cc: Steve Wise <swise@opengridcomputing.com> Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com> Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com> Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <marcelo@kvack.org> Cc: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com> Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@us.ibm.com> Cc: Izik Eidus <izike@qumranet.com> Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-07-29 06:46:29 +08:00
{
return 0;
}
ksm: add mmu_notifier set_pte_at_notify() KSM is a linux driver that allows dynamicly sharing identical memory pages between one or more processes. Unlike tradtional page sharing that is made at the allocation of the memory, ksm do it dynamicly after the memory was created. Memory is periodically scanned; identical pages are identified and merged. The sharing is made in a transparent way to the processes that use it. Ksm is highly important for hypervisors (kvm), where in production enviorments there might be many copys of the same data data among the host memory. This kind of data can be: similar kernels, librarys, cache, and so on. Even that ksm was wrote for kvm, any userspace application that want to use it to share its data can try it. Ksm may be useful for any application that might have similar (page aligment) data strctures among the memory, ksm will find this data merge it to one copy, and even if it will be changed and thereforew copy on writed, ksm will merge it again as soon as it will be identical again. Another reason to consider using ksm is the fact that it might simplify alot the userspace code of application that want to use shared private data, instead that the application will mange shared area, ksm will do this for the application, and even write to this data will be allowed without any synchinization acts from the application. Ksm was designed to be a loadable module that doesn't change the VM code of linux. This patch: The set_pte_at_notify() macro allows setting a pte in the shadow page table directly, instead of flushing the shadow page table entry and then getting vmexit to set it. It uses a new change_pte() callback to do so. set_pte_at_notify() is an optimization for kvm, and other users of mmu_notifiers, for COW pages. It is useful for kvm when ksm is used, because it allows kvm not to have to receive vmexit and only then map the ksm page into the shadow page table, but instead map it directly at the same time as Linux maps the page into the host page table. Users of mmu_notifiers who don't implement new mmu_notifier_change_pte() callback will just receive the mmu_notifier_invalidate_page() callback. Signed-off-by: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com> Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 08:01:51 +08:00
static inline void mmu_notifier_change_pte(struct mm_struct *mm,
unsigned long address, pte_t pte)
{
}
mmu-notifiers: core With KVM/GFP/XPMEM there isn't just the primary CPU MMU pointing to pages. There are secondary MMUs (with secondary sptes and secondary tlbs) too. sptes in the kvm case are shadow pagetables, but when I say spte in mmu-notifier context, I mean "secondary pte". In GRU case there's no actual secondary pte and there's only a secondary tlb because the GRU secondary MMU has no knowledge about sptes and every secondary tlb miss event in the MMU always generates a page fault that has to be resolved by the CPU (this is not the case of KVM where the a secondary tlb miss will walk sptes in hardware and it will refill the secondary tlb transparently to software if the corresponding spte is present). The same way zap_page_range has to invalidate the pte before freeing the page, the spte (and secondary tlb) must also be invalidated before any page is freed and reused. Currently we take a page_count pin on every page mapped by sptes, but that means the pages can't be swapped whenever they're mapped by any spte because they're part of the guest working set. Furthermore a spte unmap event can immediately lead to a page to be freed when the pin is released (so requiring the same complex and relatively slow tlb_gather smp safe logic we have in zap_page_range and that can be avoided completely if the spte unmap event doesn't require an unpin of the page previously mapped in the secondary MMU). The mmu notifiers allow kvm/GRU/XPMEM to attach to the tsk->mm and know when the VM is swapping or freeing or doing anything on the primary MMU so that the secondary MMU code can drop sptes before the pages are freed, avoiding all page pinning and allowing 100% reliable swapping of guest physical address space. Furthermore it avoids the code that teardown the mappings of the secondary MMU, to implement a logic like tlb_gather in zap_page_range that would require many IPI to flush other cpu tlbs, for each fixed number of spte unmapped. To make an example: if what happens on the primary MMU is a protection downgrade (from writeable to wrprotect) the secondary MMU mappings will be invalidated, and the next secondary-mmu-page-fault will call get_user_pages and trigger a do_wp_page through get_user_pages if it called get_user_pages with write=1, and it'll re-establishing an updated spte or secondary-tlb-mapping on the copied page. Or it will setup a readonly spte or readonly tlb mapping if it's a guest-read, if it calls get_user_pages with write=0. This is just an example. This allows to map any page pointed by any pte (and in turn visible in the primary CPU MMU), into a secondary MMU (be it a pure tlb like GRU, or an full MMU with both sptes and secondary-tlb like the shadow-pagetable layer with kvm), or a remote DMA in software like XPMEM (hence needing of schedule in XPMEM code to send the invalidate to the remote node, while no need to schedule in kvm/gru as it's an immediate event like invalidating primary-mmu pte). At least for KVM without this patch it's impossible to swap guests reliably. And having this feature and removing the page pin allows several other optimizations that simplify life considerably. Dependencies: 1) mm_take_all_locks() to register the mmu notifier when the whole VM isn't doing anything with "mm". This allows mmu notifier users to keep track if the VM is in the middle of the invalidate_range_begin/end critical section with an atomic counter incraese in range_begin and decreased in range_end. No secondary MMU page fault is allowed to map any spte or secondary tlb reference, while the VM is in the middle of range_begin/end as any page returned by get_user_pages in that critical section could later immediately be freed without any further ->invalidate_page notification (invalidate_range_begin/end works on ranges and ->invalidate_page isn't called immediately before freeing the page). To stop all page freeing and pagetable overwrites the mmap_sem must be taken in write mode and all other anon_vma/i_mmap locks must be taken too. 2) It'd be a waste to add branches in the VM if nobody could possibly run KVM/GRU/XPMEM on the kernel, so mmu notifiers will only enabled if CONFIG_KVM=m/y. In the current kernel kvm won't yet take advantage of mmu notifiers, but this already allows to compile a KVM external module against a kernel with mmu notifiers enabled and from the next pull from kvm.git we'll start using them. And GRU/XPMEM will also be able to continue the development by enabling KVM=m in their config, until they submit all GRU/XPMEM GPLv2 code to the mainline kernel. Then they can also enable MMU_NOTIFIERS in the same way KVM does it (even if KVM=n). This guarantees nobody selects MMU_NOTIFIER=y if KVM and GRU and XPMEM are all =n. The mmu_notifier_register call can fail because mm_take_all_locks may be interrupted by a signal and return -EINTR. Because mmu_notifier_reigster is used when a driver startup, a failure can be gracefully handled. Here an example of the change applied to kvm to register the mmu notifiers. Usually when a driver startups other allocations are required anyway and -ENOMEM failure paths exists already. struct kvm *kvm_arch_create_vm(void) { struct kvm *kvm = kzalloc(sizeof(struct kvm), GFP_KERNEL); + int err; if (!kvm) return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM); INIT_LIST_HEAD(&kvm->arch.active_mmu_pages); + kvm->arch.mmu_notifier.ops = &kvm_mmu_notifier_ops; + err = mmu_notifier_register(&kvm->arch.mmu_notifier, current->mm); + if (err) { + kfree(kvm); + return ERR_PTR(err); + } + return kvm; } mmu_notifier_unregister returns void and it's reliable. The patch also adds a few needed but missing includes that would prevent kernel to compile after these changes on non-x86 archs (x86 didn't need them by luck). [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/filemap_xip.c build] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/mmu_notifier.c build] Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@qumranet.com> Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Jack Steiner <steiner@sgi.com> Cc: Robin Holt <holt@sgi.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Kanoj Sarcar <kanojsarcar@yahoo.com> Cc: Roland Dreier <rdreier@cisco.com> Cc: Steve Wise <swise@opengridcomputing.com> Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com> Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com> Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <marcelo@kvack.org> Cc: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com> Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@us.ibm.com> Cc: Izik Eidus <izike@qumranet.com> Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-07-29 06:46:29 +08:00
static inline void mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start(struct mm_struct *mm,
unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
{
}
static inline void mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_end(struct mm_struct *mm,
unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
{
}
mmu_notifier: add mmu_notifier_invalidate_range() This notifier closes an important gap in the current mmu_notifier implementation, the existing callbacks are called too early or too late to reliably manage a non-CPU TLB. Specifically, invalidate_range_start() is called when all pages are still mapped and invalidate_range_end() when all pages are unmapped and potentially freed. This is fine when the users of the mmu_notifiers manage their own SoftTLB, like KVM does. When the TLB is managed in software it is easy to wipe out entries for a given range and prevent new entries to be established until invalidate_range_end is called. But when the user of mmu_notifiers has to manage a hardware TLB it can still wipe out TLB entries in invalidate_range_start, but it can't make sure that no new TLB entries in the given range are established between invalidate_range_start and invalidate_range_end. To avoid silent data corruption the entries in the non-CPU TLB need to be flushed when the pages are unmapped (at this point in time no _new_ TLB entries can be established in the non-CPU TLB) but not yet freed (as the non-CPU TLB may still have _existing_ entries pointing to the pages about to be freed). To fix this problem we need to catch the moment when the Linux VMM flushes remote TLBs (as a non-CPU TLB is not very CPU TLB), as this is the point in time when the pages are unmapped but _not_ yet freed. The mmu_notifier_invalidate_range() function aims to catch that moment. IOMMU code will be one user of the notifier-callback. Currently this is only the AMD IOMMUv2 driver, but its code is about to be more generalized and converted to a generic IOMMU-API extension to fit the needs of similar functionality in other IOMMUs as well. The current attempt in the AMD IOMMUv2 driver to work around the invalidate_range_start/end() shortcoming is to assign an empty page table to the non-CPU TLB between any invalidata_range_start/end calls. With the empty page-table assigned, every page-table walk to re-fill the non-CPU TLB will cause a page-fault reported to the IOMMU driver via an interrupt, possibly causing interrupt storms. The page-fault handler in the AMD IOMMUv2 driver doesn't handle the fault if an invalidate_range_start/end pair is active, it just reports back SUCCESS to the device and let it refault the page. But existing hardware (newer Radeon GPUs) that makes use of this feature don't re-fault indefinitly, after a certain number of faults for the same address the device enters a failure state and needs to be resetted. To avoid the GPUs entering a failure state we need to get rid of the empty-page-table workaround and use the mmu_notifier_invalidate_range() function introduced with this patch. Signed-off-by: Joerg Roedel <jroedel@suse.de> Reviewed-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Jérôme Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Johannes Weiner <jweiner@redhat.com> Cc: Jay Cornwall <Jay.Cornwall@amd.com> Cc: Oded Gabbay <Oded.Gabbay@amd.com> Cc: Suravee Suthikulpanit <Suravee.Suthikulpanit@amd.com> Cc: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org> Cc: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Oded Gabbay <oded.gabbay@amd.com>
2014-11-13 10:46:09 +08:00
static inline void mmu_notifier_invalidate_range(struct mm_struct *mm,
unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
{
}
mmu-notifiers: core With KVM/GFP/XPMEM there isn't just the primary CPU MMU pointing to pages. There are secondary MMUs (with secondary sptes and secondary tlbs) too. sptes in the kvm case are shadow pagetables, but when I say spte in mmu-notifier context, I mean "secondary pte". In GRU case there's no actual secondary pte and there's only a secondary tlb because the GRU secondary MMU has no knowledge about sptes and every secondary tlb miss event in the MMU always generates a page fault that has to be resolved by the CPU (this is not the case of KVM where the a secondary tlb miss will walk sptes in hardware and it will refill the secondary tlb transparently to software if the corresponding spte is present). The same way zap_page_range has to invalidate the pte before freeing the page, the spte (and secondary tlb) must also be invalidated before any page is freed and reused. Currently we take a page_count pin on every page mapped by sptes, but that means the pages can't be swapped whenever they're mapped by any spte because they're part of the guest working set. Furthermore a spte unmap event can immediately lead to a page to be freed when the pin is released (so requiring the same complex and relatively slow tlb_gather smp safe logic we have in zap_page_range and that can be avoided completely if the spte unmap event doesn't require an unpin of the page previously mapped in the secondary MMU). The mmu notifiers allow kvm/GRU/XPMEM to attach to the tsk->mm and know when the VM is swapping or freeing or doing anything on the primary MMU so that the secondary MMU code can drop sptes before the pages are freed, avoiding all page pinning and allowing 100% reliable swapping of guest physical address space. Furthermore it avoids the code that teardown the mappings of the secondary MMU, to implement a logic like tlb_gather in zap_page_range that would require many IPI to flush other cpu tlbs, for each fixed number of spte unmapped. To make an example: if what happens on the primary MMU is a protection downgrade (from writeable to wrprotect) the secondary MMU mappings will be invalidated, and the next secondary-mmu-page-fault will call get_user_pages and trigger a do_wp_page through get_user_pages if it called get_user_pages with write=1, and it'll re-establishing an updated spte or secondary-tlb-mapping on the copied page. Or it will setup a readonly spte or readonly tlb mapping if it's a guest-read, if it calls get_user_pages with write=0. This is just an example. This allows to map any page pointed by any pte (and in turn visible in the primary CPU MMU), into a secondary MMU (be it a pure tlb like GRU, or an full MMU with both sptes and secondary-tlb like the shadow-pagetable layer with kvm), or a remote DMA in software like XPMEM (hence needing of schedule in XPMEM code to send the invalidate to the remote node, while no need to schedule in kvm/gru as it's an immediate event like invalidating primary-mmu pte). At least for KVM without this patch it's impossible to swap guests reliably. And having this feature and removing the page pin allows several other optimizations that simplify life considerably. Dependencies: 1) mm_take_all_locks() to register the mmu notifier when the whole VM isn't doing anything with "mm". This allows mmu notifier users to keep track if the VM is in the middle of the invalidate_range_begin/end critical section with an atomic counter incraese in range_begin and decreased in range_end. No secondary MMU page fault is allowed to map any spte or secondary tlb reference, while the VM is in the middle of range_begin/end as any page returned by get_user_pages in that critical section could later immediately be freed without any further ->invalidate_page notification (invalidate_range_begin/end works on ranges and ->invalidate_page isn't called immediately before freeing the page). To stop all page freeing and pagetable overwrites the mmap_sem must be taken in write mode and all other anon_vma/i_mmap locks must be taken too. 2) It'd be a waste to add branches in the VM if nobody could possibly run KVM/GRU/XPMEM on the kernel, so mmu notifiers will only enabled if CONFIG_KVM=m/y. In the current kernel kvm won't yet take advantage of mmu notifiers, but this already allows to compile a KVM external module against a kernel with mmu notifiers enabled and from the next pull from kvm.git we'll start using them. And GRU/XPMEM will also be able to continue the development by enabling KVM=m in their config, until they submit all GRU/XPMEM GPLv2 code to the mainline kernel. Then they can also enable MMU_NOTIFIERS in the same way KVM does it (even if KVM=n). This guarantees nobody selects MMU_NOTIFIER=y if KVM and GRU and XPMEM are all =n. The mmu_notifier_register call can fail because mm_take_all_locks may be interrupted by a signal and return -EINTR. Because mmu_notifier_reigster is used when a driver startup, a failure can be gracefully handled. Here an example of the change applied to kvm to register the mmu notifiers. Usually when a driver startups other allocations are required anyway and -ENOMEM failure paths exists already. struct kvm *kvm_arch_create_vm(void) { struct kvm *kvm = kzalloc(sizeof(struct kvm), GFP_KERNEL); + int err; if (!kvm) return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM); INIT_LIST_HEAD(&kvm->arch.active_mmu_pages); + kvm->arch.mmu_notifier.ops = &kvm_mmu_notifier_ops; + err = mmu_notifier_register(&kvm->arch.mmu_notifier, current->mm); + if (err) { + kfree(kvm); + return ERR_PTR(err); + } + return kvm; } mmu_notifier_unregister returns void and it's reliable. The patch also adds a few needed but missing includes that would prevent kernel to compile after these changes on non-x86 archs (x86 didn't need them by luck). [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/filemap_xip.c build] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/mmu_notifier.c build] Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@qumranet.com> Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Jack Steiner <steiner@sgi.com> Cc: Robin Holt <holt@sgi.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Kanoj Sarcar <kanojsarcar@yahoo.com> Cc: Roland Dreier <rdreier@cisco.com> Cc: Steve Wise <swise@opengridcomputing.com> Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com> Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com> Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <marcelo@kvack.org> Cc: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com> Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@us.ibm.com> Cc: Izik Eidus <izike@qumranet.com> Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-07-29 06:46:29 +08:00
static inline void mmu_notifier_mm_init(struct mm_struct *mm)
{
}
static inline void mmu_notifier_mm_destroy(struct mm_struct *mm)
{
}
#define ptep_clear_flush_young_notify ptep_clear_flush_young
thp: add pmd mmu_notifier helpers Add mmu notifier helpers to handle pmd huge operations. Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2011-01-14 07:46:44 +08:00
#define pmdp_clear_flush_young_notify pmdp_clear_flush_young
mm: introduce idle page tracking Knowing the portion of memory that is not used by a certain application or memory cgroup (idle memory) can be useful for partitioning the system efficiently, e.g. by setting memory cgroup limits appropriately. Currently, the only means to estimate the amount of idle memory provided by the kernel is /proc/PID/{clear_refs,smaps}: the user can clear the access bit for all pages mapped to a particular process by writing 1 to clear_refs, wait for some time, and then count smaps:Referenced. However, this method has two serious shortcomings: - it does not count unmapped file pages - it affects the reclaimer logic To overcome these drawbacks, this patch introduces two new page flags, Idle and Young, and a new sysfs file, /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap. A page's Idle flag can only be set from userspace by setting bit in /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap at the offset corresponding to the page, and it is cleared whenever the page is accessed either through page tables (it is cleared in page_referenced() in this case) or using the read(2) system call (mark_page_accessed()). Thus by setting the Idle flag for pages of a particular workload, which can be found e.g. by reading /proc/PID/pagemap, waiting for some time to let the workload access its working set, and then reading the bitmap file, one can estimate the amount of pages that are not used by the workload. The Young page flag is used to avoid interference with the memory reclaimer. A page's Young flag is set whenever the Access bit of a page table entry pointing to the page is cleared by writing to the bitmap file. If page_referenced() is called on a Young page, it will add 1 to its return value, therefore concealing the fact that the Access bit was cleared. Note, since there is no room for extra page flags on 32 bit, this feature uses extended page flags when compiled on 32 bit. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: kpageidle requires an MMU] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: decouple from page-flags rework] Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com> Reviewed-by: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Raghavendra K T <raghavendra.kt@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com> Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-09-10 06:35:45 +08:00
#define ptep_clear_young_notify ptep_test_and_clear_young
#define pmdp_clear_young_notify pmdp_test_and_clear_young
mmu_notifier: call mmu_notifier_invalidate_range() from VMM Add calls to the new mmu_notifier_invalidate_range() function to all places in the VMM that need it. Signed-off-by: Joerg Roedel <jroedel@suse.de> Reviewed-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Jérôme Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Johannes Weiner <jweiner@redhat.com> Cc: Jay Cornwall <Jay.Cornwall@amd.com> Cc: Oded Gabbay <Oded.Gabbay@amd.com> Cc: Suravee Suthikulpanit <Suravee.Suthikulpanit@amd.com> Cc: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org> Cc: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Oded Gabbay <oded.gabbay@amd.com>
2014-11-13 10:46:09 +08:00
#define ptep_clear_flush_notify ptep_clear_flush
mm: clarify that the function operates on hugepage pte We have confusing functions to clear pmd, pmd_clear_* and pmd_clear. Add _huge_ to pmdp_clear functions so that we are clear that they operate on hugepage pte. We don't bother about other functions like pmdp_set_wrprotect, pmdp_clear_flush_young, because they operate on PTE bits and hence indicate they are operating on hugepage ptes Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-06-25 07:57:44 +08:00
#define pmdp_huge_clear_flush_notify pmdp_huge_clear_flush
mm, x86: add support for PUD-sized transparent hugepages The current transparent hugepage code only supports PMDs. This patch adds support for transparent use of PUDs with DAX. It does not include support for anonymous pages. x86 support code also added. Most of this patch simply parallels the work that was done for huge PMDs. The only major difference is how the new ->pud_entry method in mm_walk works. The ->pmd_entry method replaces the ->pte_entry method, whereas the ->pud_entry method works along with either ->pmd_entry or ->pte_entry. The pagewalk code takes care of locking the PUD before calling ->pud_walk, so handlers do not need to worry whether the PUD is stable. [dave.jiang@intel.com: fix SMP x86 32bit build for native_pud_clear()] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/148719066814.31111.3239231168815337012.stgit@djiang5-desk3.ch.intel.com [dave.jiang@intel.com: native_pud_clear missing on i386 build] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/148640375195.69754.3315433724330910314.stgit@djiang5-desk3.ch.intel.com Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/148545059381.17912.8602162635537598445.stgit@djiang5-desk3.ch.intel.com Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <mawilcox@microsoft.com> Signed-off-by: Dave Jiang <dave.jiang@intel.com> Tested-by: Alexander Kapshuk <alexander.kapshuk@gmail.com> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.com> Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> Cc: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com> Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Nilesh Choudhury <nilesh.choudhury@oracle.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-02-25 06:57:02 +08:00
#define pudp_huge_clear_flush_notify pudp_huge_clear_flush
ksm: add mmu_notifier set_pte_at_notify() KSM is a linux driver that allows dynamicly sharing identical memory pages between one or more processes. Unlike tradtional page sharing that is made at the allocation of the memory, ksm do it dynamicly after the memory was created. Memory is periodically scanned; identical pages are identified and merged. The sharing is made in a transparent way to the processes that use it. Ksm is highly important for hypervisors (kvm), where in production enviorments there might be many copys of the same data data among the host memory. This kind of data can be: similar kernels, librarys, cache, and so on. Even that ksm was wrote for kvm, any userspace application that want to use it to share its data can try it. Ksm may be useful for any application that might have similar (page aligment) data strctures among the memory, ksm will find this data merge it to one copy, and even if it will be changed and thereforew copy on writed, ksm will merge it again as soon as it will be identical again. Another reason to consider using ksm is the fact that it might simplify alot the userspace code of application that want to use shared private data, instead that the application will mange shared area, ksm will do this for the application, and even write to this data will be allowed without any synchinization acts from the application. Ksm was designed to be a loadable module that doesn't change the VM code of linux. This patch: The set_pte_at_notify() macro allows setting a pte in the shadow page table directly, instead of flushing the shadow page table entry and then getting vmexit to set it. It uses a new change_pte() callback to do so. set_pte_at_notify() is an optimization for kvm, and other users of mmu_notifiers, for COW pages. It is useful for kvm when ksm is used, because it allows kvm not to have to receive vmexit and only then map the ksm page into the shadow page table, but instead map it directly at the same time as Linux maps the page into the host page table. Users of mmu_notifiers who don't implement new mmu_notifier_change_pte() callback will just receive the mmu_notifier_invalidate_page() callback. Signed-off-by: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com> Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 08:01:51 +08:00
#define set_pte_at_notify set_pte_at
mmu-notifiers: core With KVM/GFP/XPMEM there isn't just the primary CPU MMU pointing to pages. There are secondary MMUs (with secondary sptes and secondary tlbs) too. sptes in the kvm case are shadow pagetables, but when I say spte in mmu-notifier context, I mean "secondary pte". In GRU case there's no actual secondary pte and there's only a secondary tlb because the GRU secondary MMU has no knowledge about sptes and every secondary tlb miss event in the MMU always generates a page fault that has to be resolved by the CPU (this is not the case of KVM where the a secondary tlb miss will walk sptes in hardware and it will refill the secondary tlb transparently to software if the corresponding spte is present). The same way zap_page_range has to invalidate the pte before freeing the page, the spte (and secondary tlb) must also be invalidated before any page is freed and reused. Currently we take a page_count pin on every page mapped by sptes, but that means the pages can't be swapped whenever they're mapped by any spte because they're part of the guest working set. Furthermore a spte unmap event can immediately lead to a page to be freed when the pin is released (so requiring the same complex and relatively slow tlb_gather smp safe logic we have in zap_page_range and that can be avoided completely if the spte unmap event doesn't require an unpin of the page previously mapped in the secondary MMU). The mmu notifiers allow kvm/GRU/XPMEM to attach to the tsk->mm and know when the VM is swapping or freeing or doing anything on the primary MMU so that the secondary MMU code can drop sptes before the pages are freed, avoiding all page pinning and allowing 100% reliable swapping of guest physical address space. Furthermore it avoids the code that teardown the mappings of the secondary MMU, to implement a logic like tlb_gather in zap_page_range that would require many IPI to flush other cpu tlbs, for each fixed number of spte unmapped. To make an example: if what happens on the primary MMU is a protection downgrade (from writeable to wrprotect) the secondary MMU mappings will be invalidated, and the next secondary-mmu-page-fault will call get_user_pages and trigger a do_wp_page through get_user_pages if it called get_user_pages with write=1, and it'll re-establishing an updated spte or secondary-tlb-mapping on the copied page. Or it will setup a readonly spte or readonly tlb mapping if it's a guest-read, if it calls get_user_pages with write=0. This is just an example. This allows to map any page pointed by any pte (and in turn visible in the primary CPU MMU), into a secondary MMU (be it a pure tlb like GRU, or an full MMU with both sptes and secondary-tlb like the shadow-pagetable layer with kvm), or a remote DMA in software like XPMEM (hence needing of schedule in XPMEM code to send the invalidate to the remote node, while no need to schedule in kvm/gru as it's an immediate event like invalidating primary-mmu pte). At least for KVM without this patch it's impossible to swap guests reliably. And having this feature and removing the page pin allows several other optimizations that simplify life considerably. Dependencies: 1) mm_take_all_locks() to register the mmu notifier when the whole VM isn't doing anything with "mm". This allows mmu notifier users to keep track if the VM is in the middle of the invalidate_range_begin/end critical section with an atomic counter incraese in range_begin and decreased in range_end. No secondary MMU page fault is allowed to map any spte or secondary tlb reference, while the VM is in the middle of range_begin/end as any page returned by get_user_pages in that critical section could later immediately be freed without any further ->invalidate_page notification (invalidate_range_begin/end works on ranges and ->invalidate_page isn't called immediately before freeing the page). To stop all page freeing and pagetable overwrites the mmap_sem must be taken in write mode and all other anon_vma/i_mmap locks must be taken too. 2) It'd be a waste to add branches in the VM if nobody could possibly run KVM/GRU/XPMEM on the kernel, so mmu notifiers will only enabled if CONFIG_KVM=m/y. In the current kernel kvm won't yet take advantage of mmu notifiers, but this already allows to compile a KVM external module against a kernel with mmu notifiers enabled and from the next pull from kvm.git we'll start using them. And GRU/XPMEM will also be able to continue the development by enabling KVM=m in their config, until they submit all GRU/XPMEM GPLv2 code to the mainline kernel. Then they can also enable MMU_NOTIFIERS in the same way KVM does it (even if KVM=n). This guarantees nobody selects MMU_NOTIFIER=y if KVM and GRU and XPMEM are all =n. The mmu_notifier_register call can fail because mm_take_all_locks may be interrupted by a signal and return -EINTR. Because mmu_notifier_reigster is used when a driver startup, a failure can be gracefully handled. Here an example of the change applied to kvm to register the mmu notifiers. Usually when a driver startups other allocations are required anyway and -ENOMEM failure paths exists already. struct kvm *kvm_arch_create_vm(void) { struct kvm *kvm = kzalloc(sizeof(struct kvm), GFP_KERNEL); + int err; if (!kvm) return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM); INIT_LIST_HEAD(&kvm->arch.active_mmu_pages); + kvm->arch.mmu_notifier.ops = &kvm_mmu_notifier_ops; + err = mmu_notifier_register(&kvm->arch.mmu_notifier, current->mm); + if (err) { + kfree(kvm); + return ERR_PTR(err); + } + return kvm; } mmu_notifier_unregister returns void and it's reliable. The patch also adds a few needed but missing includes that would prevent kernel to compile after these changes on non-x86 archs (x86 didn't need them by luck). [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/filemap_xip.c build] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/mmu_notifier.c build] Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@qumranet.com> Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Jack Steiner <steiner@sgi.com> Cc: Robin Holt <holt@sgi.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Kanoj Sarcar <kanojsarcar@yahoo.com> Cc: Roland Dreier <rdreier@cisco.com> Cc: Steve Wise <swise@opengridcomputing.com> Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com> Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com> Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <marcelo@kvack.org> Cc: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com> Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@us.ibm.com> Cc: Izik Eidus <izike@qumranet.com> Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-07-29 06:46:29 +08:00
#endif /* CONFIG_MMU_NOTIFIER */
#endif /* _LINUX_MMU_NOTIFIER_H */