License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-11-01 22:07:57 +08:00
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/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
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2010-03-05 02:46:13 +08:00
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#ifndef __USBAUDIO_ENDPOINT_H
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#define __USBAUDIO_ENDPOINT_H
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2012-04-12 19:51:11 +08:00
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#define SND_USB_ENDPOINT_TYPE_DATA 0
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#define SND_USB_ENDPOINT_TYPE_SYNC 1
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struct snd_usb_endpoint *snd_usb_add_endpoint(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
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struct usb_host_interface *alts,
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int ep_num, int direction, int type);
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int snd_usb_endpoint_set_params(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep,
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2012-09-19 00:49:47 +08:00
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snd_pcm_format_t pcm_format,
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unsigned int channels,
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unsigned int period_bytes,
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ALSA: improve buffer size computations for USB PCM audio
This patch changes the way URBs are allocated and their sizes are
determined for PCM playback in the snd-usb-audio driver. Currently
the driver allocates too few URBs for endpoints that don't use
implicit sync, making underruns more likely to occur. This may be a
holdover from before I/O delays could be measured accurately; in any
case, it is no longer necessary.
The patch allocates as many URBs as possible, subject to four
limitations:
The total number of URBs for the endpoint is not allowed to
exceed MAX_URBS (which the patch increases from 8 to 12).
The total number of packets per URB is not allowed to exceed
MAX_PACKS (or MAX_PACKS_HS for high-speed devices), which is
decreased from 20 to 6.
The total duration of queued data is not allowed to exceed
MAX_QUEUE, which is decreased from 24 ms to 18 ms.
The total number of ALSA frames in the output queue is not
allowed to exceed the ALSA buffer size.
The last requirement is the hardest to implement. Currently the
number of URBs needed to fill a buffer cannot be determined in
advance, because a buffer contains a fixed number of frames whereas
the number of frames in an URB varies to match shifts in the device's
clock rate. To solve this problem, the patch changes the logic for
deciding how many packets an URB should contain. Rather than using as
many as possible without exceeding an ALSA period boundary, now the
driver uses only as many packets as needed to transfer a predetermined
number of frames. As a result, unless the device's clock has an
exceedingly variable rate, the number of URBs making up each period
(and hence each buffer) will remain constant.
The overall effect of the patch is that playback works better in
low-latency settings. The user can still specify values for
frames/period and periods/buffer that exceed the capabilities of the
hardware, of course. But for values that are within those
capabilities, the performance will be improved. For example, testing
shows that a high-speed device can handle 32 frames/period and 3
periods/buffer at 48 KHz, whereas the current driver starts to get
glitchy at 64 frames/period and 2 periods/buffer.
A side effect of these changes is that the "nrpacks" module parameter
is no longer used. The patch removes it.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
CC: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
Tested-by: Daniel Mack <zonque@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Eldad Zack <eldad@fogrefinery.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
2013-09-25 03:51:58 +08:00
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unsigned int period_frames,
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unsigned int buffer_periods,
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2012-09-19 00:49:47 +08:00
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unsigned int rate,
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2012-04-12 19:51:11 +08:00
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struct audioformat *fmt,
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struct snd_usb_endpoint *sync_ep);
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2017-01-05 06:37:46 +08:00
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int snd_usb_endpoint_start(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep);
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2012-11-21 15:30:48 +08:00
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void snd_usb_endpoint_stop(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep);
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2012-11-08 15:52:45 +08:00
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void snd_usb_endpoint_sync_pending_stop(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep);
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2012-04-12 19:51:11 +08:00
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int snd_usb_endpoint_activate(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep);
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2013-10-07 04:31:10 +08:00
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void snd_usb_endpoint_deactivate(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep);
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2014-06-25 20:24:47 +08:00
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void snd_usb_endpoint_release(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep);
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2014-10-31 18:24:32 +08:00
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void snd_usb_endpoint_free(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep);
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2012-04-12 19:51:11 +08:00
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2013-04-04 05:18:52 +08:00
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int snd_usb_endpoint_implicit_feedback_sink(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep);
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2012-08-31 00:52:30 +08:00
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int snd_usb_endpoint_next_packet_size(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep);
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2012-04-12 19:51:11 +08:00
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void snd_usb_handle_sync_urb(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep,
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struct snd_usb_endpoint *sender,
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const struct urb *urb);
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2010-03-05 02:46:13 +08:00
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#endif /* __USBAUDIO_ENDPOINT_H */
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