replace implicit code tag with colon .replace("::\n\n.. code-block", ":\n\n.. code-block")
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@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ For information about fixtures, see :ref:`fixtures`. To see a complete list of a
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no tests ran in 0.12 seconds
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no tests ran in 0.12 seconds
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You can also interactively ask for help, e.g. by typing on the Python interactive prompt something like::
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You can also interactively ask for help, e.g. by typing on the Python interactive prompt something like:
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.. code-block:: python
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.. code-block:: python
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@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ Other plugins may access the `config.cache`_ object to set/get
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Rerunning only failures or failures first
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Rerunning only failures or failures first
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-----------------------------------------------
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-----------------------------------------------
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First, let's create 50 test invocation of which only 2 fail::
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First, let's create 50 test invocation of which only 2 fail:
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.. code-block:: python
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.. code-block:: python
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@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ The new config.cache object
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Plugins or conftest.py support code can get a cached value using the
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Plugins or conftest.py support code can get a cached value using the
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pytest ``config`` object. Here is a basic example plugin which
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pytest ``config`` object. Here is a basic example plugin which
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implements a :ref:`fixture` which re-uses previously created state
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implements a :ref:`fixture` which re-uses previously created state
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across pytest invocations::
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across pytest invocations:
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.. code-block:: python
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.. code-block:: python
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@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ Using print statements for debugging
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---------------------------------------------------
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---------------------------------------------------
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One primary benefit of the default capturing of stdout/stderr output
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One primary benefit of the default capturing of stdout/stderr output
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is that you can use print statements for debugging::
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is that you can use print statements for debugging:
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.. code-block:: python
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.. code-block:: python
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@ -455,7 +455,7 @@ Internal classes accessed through ``Node``
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.. versionremoved:: 4.0
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.. versionremoved:: 4.0
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Access of ``Module``, ``Function``, ``Class``, ``Instance``, ``File`` and ``Item`` through ``Node`` instances now issue
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Access of ``Module``, ``Function``, ``Class``, ``Instance``, ``File`` and ``Item`` through ``Node`` instances now issue
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this warning::
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this warning:
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.. code-block:: text
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.. code-block:: text
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@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ namespace in which your doctests run. It is intended to be used within
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your own fixtures to provide the tests that use them with context.
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your own fixtures to provide the tests that use them with context.
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``doctest_namespace`` is a standard ``dict`` object into which you
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``doctest_namespace`` is a standard ``dict`` object into which you
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place the objects you want to appear in the doctest namespace::
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place the objects you want to appear in the doctest namespace:
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.. code-block:: python
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.. code-block:: python
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@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ place the objects you want to appear in the doctest namespace::
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def add_np(doctest_namespace):
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def add_np(doctest_namespace):
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doctest_namespace["np"] = numpy
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doctest_namespace["np"] = numpy
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which can then be used in your doctests directly::
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which can then be used in your doctests directly:
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.. code-block:: python
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.. code-block:: python
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@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ Skipping tests dynamically
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.. versionadded:: 4.4
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.. versionadded:: 4.4
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You can use ``pytest.skip`` to dynamically skip doctests. For example::
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You can use ``pytest.skip`` to dynamically skip doctests. For example:
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.. code-block:: text
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.. code-block:: text
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@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ Generating parameters combinations, depending on command line
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Let's say we want to execute a test with different computation
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Let's say we want to execute a test with different computation
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parameters and the parameter range shall be determined by a command
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parameters and the parameter range shall be determined by a command
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line argument. Let's first write a simple (do-nothing) computation test::
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line argument. Let's first write a simple (do-nothing) computation test:
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.. code-block:: python
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.. code-block:: python
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@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ line argument. Let's first write a simple (do-nothing) computation test::
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def test_compute(param1):
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def test_compute(param1):
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assert param1 < 4
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assert param1 < 4
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Now we add a test configuration like this::
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Now we add a test configuration like this:
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.. code-block:: python
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.. code-block:: python
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@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ Running pytest with ``--collect-only`` will show the generated IDs.
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Numbers, strings, booleans and None will have their usual string representation
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Numbers, strings, booleans and None will have their usual string representation
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used in the test ID. For other objects, pytest will make a string based on
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used in the test ID. For other objects, pytest will make a string based on
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the argument name::
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the argument name:
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.. code-block:: python
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.. code-block:: python
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@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ A quick port of "testscenarios"
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Here is a quick port to run tests configured with `test scenarios`_,
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Here is a quick port to run tests configured with `test scenarios`_,
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an add-on from Robert Collins for the standard unittest framework. We
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an add-on from Robert Collins for the standard unittest framework. We
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only have to work a bit to construct the correct arguments for pytest's
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only have to work a bit to construct the correct arguments for pytest's
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:py:func:`Metafunc.parametrize`::
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:py:func:`Metafunc.parametrize`:
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.. code-block:: python
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.. code-block:: python
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@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ The parametrization of test functions happens at collection
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time. It is a good idea to setup expensive resources like DB
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time. It is a good idea to setup expensive resources like DB
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connections or subprocess only when the actual test is run.
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connections or subprocess only when the actual test is run.
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Here is a simple example how you can achieve that, first
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Here is a simple example how you can achieve that, first
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the actual test requiring a ``db`` object::
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the actual test requiring a ``db`` object:
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.. code-block:: python
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.. code-block:: python
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@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ the actual test requiring a ``db`` object::
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We can now add a test configuration that generates two invocations of
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We can now add a test configuration that generates two invocations of
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the ``test_db_initialized`` function and also implements a factory that
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the ``test_db_initialized`` function and also implements a factory that
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creates a database object for the actual test invocations::
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creates a database object for the actual test invocations:
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.. code-block:: python
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.. code-block:: python
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@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ parameter on particular arguments. It can be done by passing list or tuple of
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arguments' names to ``indirect``. In the example below there is a function ``test_indirect`` which uses
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arguments' names to ``indirect``. In the example below there is a function ``test_indirect`` which uses
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two fixtures: ``x`` and ``y``. Here we give to indirect the list, which contains the name of the
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two fixtures: ``x`` and ``y``. Here we give to indirect the list, which contains the name of the
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fixture ``x``. The indirect parameter will be applied to this argument only, and the value ``a``
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fixture ``x``. The indirect parameter will be applied to this argument only, and the value ``a``
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will be passed to respective fixture function::
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will be passed to respective fixture function:
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.. code-block:: python
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.. code-block:: python
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@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ Parametrizing test methods through per-class configuration
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Here is an example ``pytest_generate_tests`` function implementing a
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Here is an example ``pytest_generate_tests`` function implementing a
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parametrization scheme similar to Michael Foord's `unittest
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parametrization scheme similar to Michael Foord's `unittest
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parametrizer`_ but in a lot less code::
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parametrizer`_ but in a lot less code:
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.. code-block:: python
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.. code-block:: python
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@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ If you want to compare the outcomes of several implementations of a given
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API, you can write test functions that receive the already imported implementations
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API, you can write test functions that receive the already imported implementations
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and get skipped in case the implementation is not importable/available. Let's
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and get skipped in case the implementation is not importable/available. Let's
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say we have a "base" implementation and the other (possibly optimized ones)
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say we have a "base" implementation and the other (possibly optimized ones)
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need to provide similar results::
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need to provide similar results:
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.. code-block:: python
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.. code-block:: python
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@ -506,7 +506,7 @@ need to provide similar results::
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def optmod(request):
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def optmod(request):
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return pytest.importorskip(request.param)
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return pytest.importorskip(request.param)
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And then a base implementation of a simple function::
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And then a base implementation of a simple function:
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.. code-block:: python
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.. code-block:: python
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@ -514,7 +514,7 @@ And then a base implementation of a simple function::
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def func1():
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def func1():
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return 1
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return 1
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And an optimized version::
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And an optimized version:
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.. code-block:: python
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.. code-block:: python
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@ -522,7 +522,7 @@ And an optimized version::
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def func1():
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def func1():
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return 1.0001
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return 1.0001
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And finally a little test module::
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And finally a little test module:
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.. code-block:: python
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.. code-block:: python
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@ -631,7 +631,7 @@ Use :func:`pytest.raises` with the
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in which some tests raise exceptions and others do not.
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in which some tests raise exceptions and others do not.
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It is helpful to define a no-op context manager ``does_not_raise`` to serve
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It is helpful to define a no-op context manager ``does_not_raise`` to serve
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as a complement to ``raises``. For example::
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as a complement to ``raises``. For example:
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.. code-block:: python
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.. code-block:: python
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@ -662,19 +662,19 @@ In the example above, the first three test cases should run unexceptionally,
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while the fourth should raise ``ZeroDivisionError``.
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while the fourth should raise ``ZeroDivisionError``.
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If you're only supporting Python 3.7+, you can simply use ``nullcontext``
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If you're only supporting Python 3.7+, you can simply use ``nullcontext``
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to define ``does_not_raise``::
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to define ``does_not_raise``:
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.. code-block:: python
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.. code-block:: python
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from contextlib import nullcontext as does_not_raise
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from contextlib import nullcontext as does_not_raise
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Or, if you're supporting Python 3.3+ you can use::
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Or, if you're supporting Python 3.3+ you can use:
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.. code-block:: python
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.. code-block:: python
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from contextlib import ExitStack as does_not_raise
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from contextlib import ExitStack as does_not_raise
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Or, if desired, you can ``pip install contextlib2`` and use::
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Or, if desired, you can ``pip install contextlib2`` and use:
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.. code-block:: python
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.. code-block:: python
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@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ Here is an example:
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This would make ``pytest`` look for tests in files that match the ``check_*
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This would make ``pytest`` look for tests in files that match the ``check_*
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.py`` glob-pattern, ``Check`` prefixes in classes, and functions and methods
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.py`` glob-pattern, ``Check`` prefixes in classes, and functions and methods
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that match ``*_check``. For example, if we have::
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that match ``*_check``. For example, if we have:
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.. code-block:: python
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.. code-block:: python
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@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ You can easily instruct ``pytest`` to discover tests from every Python file:
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However, many projects will have a ``setup.py`` which they don't want to be
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However, many projects will have a ``setup.py`` which they don't want to be
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imported. Moreover, there may files only importable by a specific python
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imported. Moreover, there may files only importable by a specific python
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version. For such cases you can dynamically define files to be ignored by
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version. For such cases you can dynamically define files to be ignored by
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listing them in a ``conftest.py`` file::
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listing them in a ``conftest.py`` file:
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.. code-block:: python
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.. code-block:: python
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@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ listing them in a ``conftest.py`` file::
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if sys.version_info[0] > 2:
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if sys.version_info[0] > 2:
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collect_ignore.append("pkg/module_py2.py")
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collect_ignore.append("pkg/module_py2.py")
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and then if you have a module file like this::
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and then if you have a module file like this:
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.. code-block:: python
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.. code-block:: python
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@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ and then if you have a module file like this::
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except Exception, e:
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except Exception, e:
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pass
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pass
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and a ``setup.py`` dummy file like this::
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and a ``setup.py`` dummy file like this:
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.. code-block:: python
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.. code-block:: python
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@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ patterns to ``collect_ignore_glob``.
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The following example ``conftest.py`` ignores the file ``setup.py`` and in
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The following example ``conftest.py`` ignores the file ``setup.py`` and in
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addition all files that end with ``*_py2.py`` when executed with a Python 3
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addition all files that end with ``*_py2.py`` when executed with a Python 3
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interpreter::
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interpreter:
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.. code-block:: python
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.. code-block:: python
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@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ A session-scoped fixture effectively has access to all
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collected test items. Here is an example of a fixture
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collected test items. Here is an example of a fixture
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function which walks all collected tests and looks
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function which walks all collected tests and looks
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if their test class defines a ``callme`` method and
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if their test class defines a ``callme`` method and
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calls it::
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calls it:
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.. code-block:: python
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.. code-block:: python
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@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ calls it::
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seen.add(cls)
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seen.add(cls)
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test classes may now define a ``callme`` method which
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test classes may now define a ``callme`` method which
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will be called ahead of running any tests::
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will be called ahead of running any tests:
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.. code-block:: python
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.. code-block:: python
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@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ Running an existing test suite with pytest
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Say you want to contribute to an existing repository somewhere.
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Say you want to contribute to an existing repository somewhere.
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After pulling the code into your development space using some
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After pulling the code into your development space using some
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flavor of version control and (optionally) setting up a virtualenv
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flavor of version control and (optionally) setting up a virtualenv
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you will want to run::
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you will want to run:
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.. code-block:: bash
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.. code-block:: bash
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@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ argument. For each argument name, a fixture function with that name provides
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the fixture object. Fixture functions are registered by marking them with
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the fixture object. Fixture functions are registered by marking them with
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:py:func:`@pytest.fixture <_pytest.python.fixture>`. Let's look at a simple
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:py:func:`@pytest.fixture <_pytest.python.fixture>`. Let's look at a simple
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self-contained test module containing a fixture and a test function
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self-contained test module containing a fixture and a test function
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using it::
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using it:
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.. code-block:: python
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.. code-block:: python
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@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ Possible values for ``scope`` are: ``function``, ``class``, ``module``, ``packag
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The next example puts the fixture function into a separate ``conftest.py`` file
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The next example puts the fixture function into a separate ``conftest.py`` file
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so that tests from multiple test modules in the directory can
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so that tests from multiple test modules in the directory can
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access the fixture function::
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access the fixture function:
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.. code-block:: python
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.. code-block:: python
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@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ access the fixture function::
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The name of the fixture again is ``smtp_connection`` and you can access its
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The name of the fixture again is ``smtp_connection`` and you can access its
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result by listing the name ``smtp_connection`` as an input parameter in any
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result by listing the name ``smtp_connection`` as an input parameter in any
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test or fixture function (in or below the directory where ``conftest.py`` is
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test or fixture function (in or below the directory where ``conftest.py`` is
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located)::
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located):
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.. code-block:: python
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.. code-block:: python
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@ -489,7 +489,7 @@ Fixtures can introspect the requesting test context
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Fixture functions can accept the :py:class:`request <FixtureRequest>` object
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Fixture functions can accept the :py:class:`request <FixtureRequest>` object
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to introspect the "requesting" test function, class or module context.
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to introspect the "requesting" test function, class or module context.
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Further extending the previous ``smtp_connection`` fixture example, let's
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Further extending the previous ``smtp_connection`` fixture example, let's
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read an optional server URL from the test module which uses our fixture::
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read an optional server URL from the test module which uses our fixture:
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.. code-block:: python
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.. code-block:: python
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@ -518,7 +518,7 @@ again, nothing much has changed:
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2 failed in 0.12 seconds
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2 failed in 0.12 seconds
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Let's quickly create another test module that actually sets the
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Let's quickly create another test module that actually sets the
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server URL in its module namespace::
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server URL in its module namespace:
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.. code-block:: python
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.. code-block:: python
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@ -558,7 +558,7 @@ of a fixture is needed multiple times in a single test. Instead of returning
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data directly, the fixture instead returns a function which generates the data.
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data directly, the fixture instead returns a function which generates the data.
|
||||||
This function can then be called multiple times in the test.
|
This function can then be called multiple times in the test.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Factories can have parameters as needed::
|
Factories can have parameters as needed:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: python
|
.. code-block:: python
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -575,7 +575,7 @@ Factories can have parameters as needed::
|
||||||
customer_2 = make_customer_record("Mike")
|
customer_2 = make_customer_record("Mike")
|
||||||
customer_3 = make_customer_record("Meredith")
|
customer_3 = make_customer_record("Meredith")
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
If the data created by the factory requires managing, the fixture can take care of that::
|
If the data created by the factory requires managing, the fixture can take care of that:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: python
|
.. code-block:: python
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -616,7 +616,7 @@ configured in multiple ways.
|
||||||
Extending the previous example, we can flag the fixture to create two
|
Extending the previous example, we can flag the fixture to create two
|
||||||
``smtp_connection`` fixture instances which will cause all tests using the fixture
|
``smtp_connection`` fixture instances which will cause all tests using the fixture
|
||||||
to run twice. The fixture function gets access to each parameter
|
to run twice. The fixture function gets access to each parameter
|
||||||
through the special :py:class:`request <FixtureRequest>` object::
|
through the special :py:class:`request <FixtureRequest>` object:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: python
|
.. code-block:: python
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -710,7 +710,7 @@ Numbers, strings, booleans and None will have their usual string
|
||||||
representation used in the test ID. For other objects, pytest will
|
representation used in the test ID. For other objects, pytest will
|
||||||
make a string based on the argument name. It is possible to customise
|
make a string based on the argument name. It is possible to customise
|
||||||
the string used in a test ID for a certain fixture value by using the
|
the string used in a test ID for a certain fixture value by using the
|
||||||
``ids`` keyword argument::
|
``ids`` keyword argument:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: python
|
.. code-block:: python
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -781,7 +781,7 @@ Using marks with parametrized fixtures
|
||||||
:func:`pytest.param` can be used to apply marks in values sets of parametrized fixtures in the same way
|
:func:`pytest.param` can be used to apply marks in values sets of parametrized fixtures in the same way
|
||||||
that they can be used with :ref:`@pytest.mark.parametrize <@pytest.mark.parametrize>`.
|
that they can be used with :ref:`@pytest.mark.parametrize <@pytest.mark.parametrize>`.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Example::
|
Example:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: python
|
.. code-block:: python
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -824,7 +824,7 @@ can use other fixtures themselves. This contributes to a modular design
|
||||||
of your fixtures and allows re-use of framework-specific fixtures across
|
of your fixtures and allows re-use of framework-specific fixtures across
|
||||||
many projects. As a simple example, we can extend the previous example
|
many projects. As a simple example, we can extend the previous example
|
||||||
and instantiate an object ``app`` where we stick the already defined
|
and instantiate an object ``app`` where we stick the already defined
|
||||||
``smtp_connection`` resource into it::
|
``smtp_connection`` resource into it:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: python
|
.. code-block:: python
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -891,7 +891,7 @@ this eases testing of applications which create and use global state.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The following example uses two parametrized fixtures, one of which is
|
The following example uses two parametrized fixtures, one of which is
|
||||||
scoped on a per-module basis, and all the functions perform ``print`` calls
|
scoped on a per-module basis, and all the functions perform ``print`` calls
|
||||||
to show the setup/teardown flow::
|
to show the setup/teardown flow:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: python
|
.. code-block:: python
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -999,7 +999,7 @@ current working directory but otherwise do not care for the concrete
|
||||||
directory. Here is how you can use the standard `tempfile
|
directory. Here is how you can use the standard `tempfile
|
||||||
<http://docs.python.org/library/tempfile.html>`_ and pytest fixtures to
|
<http://docs.python.org/library/tempfile.html>`_ and pytest fixtures to
|
||||||
achieve it. We separate the creation of the fixture into a conftest.py
|
achieve it. We separate the creation of the fixture into a conftest.py
|
||||||
file::
|
file:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: python
|
.. code-block:: python
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -1015,7 +1015,7 @@ file::
|
||||||
newpath = tempfile.mkdtemp()
|
newpath = tempfile.mkdtemp()
|
||||||
os.chdir(newpath)
|
os.chdir(newpath)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
and declare its use in a test module via a ``usefixtures`` marker::
|
and declare its use in a test module via a ``usefixtures`` marker:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: python
|
.. code-block:: python
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -1102,7 +1102,7 @@ without declaring a function argument explicitly or a `usefixtures`_ decorator.
|
||||||
As a practical example, suppose we have a database fixture which has a
|
As a practical example, suppose we have a database fixture which has a
|
||||||
begin/rollback/commit architecture and we want to automatically surround
|
begin/rollback/commit architecture and we want to automatically surround
|
||||||
each test method by a transaction and a rollback. Here is a dummy
|
each test method by a transaction and a rollback. Here is a dummy
|
||||||
self-contained implementation of this idea::
|
self-contained implementation of this idea:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: python
|
.. code-block:: python
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -1175,7 +1175,7 @@ Here is how autouse fixtures work in other scopes:
|
||||||
Note that the above ``transact`` fixture may very well be a fixture that
|
Note that the above ``transact`` fixture may very well be a fixture that
|
||||||
you want to make available in your project without having it generally
|
you want to make available in your project without having it generally
|
||||||
active. The canonical way to do that is to put the transact definition
|
active. The canonical way to do that is to put the transact definition
|
||||||
into a conftest.py file **without** using ``autouse``::
|
into a conftest.py file **without** using ``autouse``:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: python
|
.. code-block:: python
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -1186,7 +1186,7 @@ into a conftest.py file **without** using ``autouse``::
|
||||||
yield
|
yield
|
||||||
db.rollback()
|
db.rollback()
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
and then e.g. have a TestClass using it by declaring the need::
|
and then e.g. have a TestClass using it by declaring the need:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: python
|
.. code-block:: python
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ funcarg for a test function is required. If a factory wants to
|
||||||
re-use a resource across different scopes, it often used
|
re-use a resource across different scopes, it often used
|
||||||
the ``request.cached_setup()`` helper to manage caching of
|
the ``request.cached_setup()`` helper to manage caching of
|
||||||
resources. Here is a basic example how we could implement
|
resources. Here is a basic example how we could implement
|
||||||
a per-session Database object::
|
a per-session Database object:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: python
|
.. code-block:: python
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ Direct scoping of fixture/funcarg factories
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Instead of calling cached_setup() with a cache scope, you can use the
|
Instead of calling cached_setup() with a cache scope, you can use the
|
||||||
:ref:`@pytest.fixture <pytest.fixture>` decorator and directly state
|
:ref:`@pytest.fixture <pytest.fixture>` decorator and directly state
|
||||||
the scope::
|
the scope:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: python
|
.. code-block:: python
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ Previously, funcarg factories could not directly cause parametrization.
|
||||||
You needed to specify a ``@parametrize`` decorator on your test function
|
You needed to specify a ``@parametrize`` decorator on your test function
|
||||||
or implement a ``pytest_generate_tests`` hook to perform
|
or implement a ``pytest_generate_tests`` hook to perform
|
||||||
parametrization, i.e. calling a test multiple times with different value
|
parametrization, i.e. calling a test multiple times with different value
|
||||||
sets. pytest-2.3 introduces a decorator for use on the factory itself::
|
sets. pytest-2.3 introduces a decorator for use on the factory itself:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: python
|
.. code-block:: python
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ allow to re-use already written factories because effectively
|
||||||
parametrized via
|
parametrized via
|
||||||
:py:func:`~_pytest.python.Metafunc.parametrize(indirect=True)` calls.
|
:py:func:`~_pytest.python.Metafunc.parametrize(indirect=True)` calls.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Of course it's perfectly fine to combine parametrization and scoping::
|
Of course it's perfectly fine to combine parametrization and scoping:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: python
|
.. code-block:: python
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ No ``pytest_funcarg__`` prefix when using @fixture decorator
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
When using the ``@fixture`` decorator the name of the function
|
When using the ``@fixture`` decorator the name of the function
|
||||||
denotes the name under which the resource can be accessed as a function
|
denotes the name under which the resource can be accessed as a function
|
||||||
argument::
|
argument:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: python
|
.. code-block:: python
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ argument::
|
||||||
The name under which the funcarg resource can be requested is ``db``.
|
The name under which the funcarg resource can be requested is ``db``.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
You can still use the "old" non-decorator way of specifying funcarg factories
|
You can still use the "old" non-decorator way of specifying funcarg factories
|
||||||
aka::
|
aka:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: python
|
.. code-block:: python
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ Install ``pytest``
|
||||||
Create your first test
|
Create your first test
|
||||||
----------------------------------------------------------
|
----------------------------------------------------------
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Create a simple test function with just four lines of code::
|
Create a simple test function with just four lines of code:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: python
|
.. code-block:: python
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ Run multiple tests
|
||||||
Assert that a certain exception is raised
|
Assert that a certain exception is raised
|
||||||
--------------------------------------------------------------
|
--------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Use the :ref:`raises <assertraises>` helper to assert that some code raises an exception::
|
Use the :ref:`raises <assertraises>` helper to assert that some code raises an exception:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: python
|
.. code-block:: python
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ Execute the test function with “quiet” reporting mode:
|
||||||
Group multiple tests in a class
|
Group multiple tests in a class
|
||||||
--------------------------------------------------------------
|
--------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Once you develop multiple tests, you may want to group them into a class. pytest makes it easy to create a class containing more than one test::
|
Once you develop multiple tests, you may want to group them into a class. pytest makes it easy to create a class containing more than one test:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: python
|
.. code-block:: python
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ The first test passed and the second failed. You can easily see the intermediate
|
||||||
Request a unique temporary directory for functional tests
|
Request a unique temporary directory for functional tests
|
||||||
--------------------------------------------------------------
|
--------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
``pytest`` provides `Builtin fixtures/function arguments <https://docs.pytest.org/en/latest/builtin.html>`_ to request arbitrary resources, like a unique temporary directory::
|
``pytest`` provides `Builtin fixtures/function arguments <https://docs.pytest.org/en/latest/builtin.html>`_ to request arbitrary resources, like a unique temporary directory:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: python
|
.. code-block:: python
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ pip_ for installing your application and any dependencies,
|
||||||
as well as the ``pytest`` package itself.
|
as well as the ``pytest`` package itself.
|
||||||
This ensures your code and dependencies are isolated from your system Python installation.
|
This ensures your code and dependencies are isolated from your system Python installation.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Next, place a ``setup.py`` file in the root of your package with the following minimum content::
|
Next, place a ``setup.py`` file in the root of your package with the following minimum content:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: python
|
.. code-block:: python
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ Next, place a ``setup.py`` file in the root of your package with the following m
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
setup(name="PACKAGENAME", packages=find_packages())
|
setup(name="PACKAGENAME", packages=find_packages())
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Where ``PACKAGENAME`` is the name of your package. You can then install your package in "editable" mode by running from the same directory::
|
Where ``PACKAGENAME`` is the name of your package. You can then install your package in "editable" mode by running from the same directory:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: bash
|
.. code-block:: bash
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ Tests outside application code
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Putting tests into an extra directory outside your actual application code
|
Putting tests into an extra directory outside your actual application code
|
||||||
might be useful if you have many functional tests or for other reasons want
|
might be useful if you have many functional tests or for other reasons want
|
||||||
to keep tests separate from actual application code (often a good idea)::
|
to keep tests separate from actual application code (often a good idea):
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: text
|
.. code-block:: text
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ be imported as ``test_app`` and ``test_view`` top-level modules by adding ``test
|
||||||
``sys.path``.
|
``sys.path``.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
If you need to have test modules with the same name, you might add ``__init__.py`` files to your
|
If you need to have test modules with the same name, you might add ``__init__.py`` files to your
|
||||||
``tests`` folder and subfolders, changing them to packages::
|
``tests`` folder and subfolders, changing them to packages:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: text
|
.. code-block:: text
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ This is problematic if you are using a tool like `tox`_ to test your package in
|
||||||
because you want to test the *installed* version of your package, not the local code from the repository.
|
because you want to test the *installed* version of your package, not the local code from the repository.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
In this situation, it is **strongly** suggested to use a ``src`` layout where application root package resides in a
|
In this situation, it is **strongly** suggested to use a ``src`` layout where application root package resides in a
|
||||||
sub-directory of your root::
|
sub-directory of your root:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: text
|
.. code-block:: text
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ Tests as part of application code
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Inlining test directories into your application package
|
Inlining test directories into your application package
|
||||||
is useful if you have direct relation between tests and application modules and
|
is useful if you have direct relation between tests and application modules and
|
||||||
want to distribute them along with your application::
|
want to distribute them along with your application:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: text
|
.. code-block:: text
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ want to distribute them along with your application::
|
||||||
test_view.py
|
test_view.py
|
||||||
...
|
...
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
In this scheme, it is easy to run your tests using the ``--pyargs`` option::
|
In this scheme, it is easy to run your tests using the ``--pyargs`` option:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: bash
|
.. code-block:: bash
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ caplog fixture
|
||||||
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Inside tests it is possible to change the log level for the captured log
|
Inside tests it is possible to change the log level for the captured log
|
||||||
messages. This is supported by the ``caplog`` fixture::
|
messages. This is supported by the ``caplog`` fixture:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: python
|
.. code-block:: python
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ messages. This is supported by the ``caplog`` fixture::
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
By default the level is set on the root logger,
|
By default the level is set on the root logger,
|
||||||
however as a convenience it is also possible to set the log level of any
|
however as a convenience it is also possible to set the log level of any
|
||||||
logger::
|
logger:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: python
|
.. code-block:: python
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ logger::
|
||||||
The log levels set are restored automatically at the end of the test.
|
The log levels set are restored automatically at the end of the test.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
It is also possible to use a context manager to temporarily change the log
|
It is also possible to use a context manager to temporarily change the log
|
||||||
level inside a ``with`` block::
|
level inside a ``with`` block:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: python
|
.. code-block:: python
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ level inside a ``with`` block::
|
||||||
pass
|
pass
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Again, by default the level of the root logger is affected but the level of any
|
Again, by default the level of the root logger is affected but the level of any
|
||||||
logger can be changed instead with::
|
logger can be changed instead with:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: python
|
.. code-block:: python
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ logger can be changed instead with::
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Lastly all the logs sent to the logger during the test run are made available on
|
Lastly all the logs sent to the logger during the test run are made available on
|
||||||
the fixture in the form of both the ``logging.LogRecord`` instances and the final log text.
|
the fixture in the form of both the ``logging.LogRecord`` instances and the final log text.
|
||||||
This is useful for when you want to assert on the contents of a message::
|
This is useful for when you want to assert on the contents of a message:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: python
|
.. code-block:: python
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ For all the available attributes of the log records see the
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
You can also resort to ``record_tuples`` if all you want to do is to ensure,
|
You can also resort to ``record_tuples`` if all you want to do is to ensure,
|
||||||
that certain messages have been logged under a given logger name with a given
|
that certain messages have been logged under a given logger name with a given
|
||||||
severity and message::
|
severity and message:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: python
|
.. code-block:: python
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ severity and message::
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
assert caplog.record_tuples == [("root", logging.INFO, "boo arg")]
|
assert caplog.record_tuples == [("root", logging.INFO, "boo arg")]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
You can call ``caplog.clear()`` to reset the captured log records in a test::
|
You can call ``caplog.clear()`` to reset the captured log records in a test:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: python
|
.. code-block:: python
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Installing and Using plugins
|
||||||
This section talks about installing and using third party plugins.
|
This section talks about installing and using third party plugins.
|
||||||
For writing your own plugins, please refer to :ref:`writing-plugins`.
|
For writing your own plugins, please refer to :ref:`writing-plugins`.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Installing a third party plugin can be easily done with ``pip``::
|
Installing a third party plugin can be easily done with ``pip``:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: bash
|
.. code-block:: bash
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ Finding out which plugins are active
|
||||||
------------------------------------
|
------------------------------------
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
If you want to find out which plugins are active in your
|
If you want to find out which plugins are active in your
|
||||||
environment you can type::
|
environment you can type:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: bash
|
.. code-block:: bash
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ and their names. It will also print local plugins aka
|
||||||
Deactivating / unregistering a plugin by name
|
Deactivating / unregistering a plugin by name
|
||||||
---------------------------------------------
|
---------------------------------------------
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
You can prevent plugins from loading or unregister them::
|
You can prevent plugins from loading or unregister them:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: bash
|
.. code-block:: bash
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ Consider this file and directory layout::
|
||||||
|- test_foo.py
|
|- test_foo.py
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
When executing::
|
When executing:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: bash
|
.. code-block:: bash
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ Consider this file and directory layout::
|
||||||
|- test_foo.py
|
|- test_foo.py
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
When executing::
|
When executing:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: bash
|
.. code-block:: bash
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -469,7 +469,7 @@ testdir
|
||||||
This fixture provides a :class:`Testdir` instance useful for black-box testing of test files, making it ideal to
|
This fixture provides a :class:`Testdir` instance useful for black-box testing of test files, making it ideal to
|
||||||
test plugins.
|
test plugins.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
To use it, include in your top-most ``conftest.py`` file::
|
To use it, include in your top-most ``conftest.py`` file:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: python
|
.. code-block:: python
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ Skipping on a missing import dependency
|
||||||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
You can use the following helper at module level
|
You can use the following helper at module level
|
||||||
or within a test or test setup function::
|
or within a test or test setup function:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: python
|
.. code-block:: python
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ or within a test or test setup function::
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
If ``docutils`` cannot be imported here, this will lead to a
|
If ``docutils`` cannot be imported here, this will lead to a
|
||||||
skip outcome of the test. You can also skip based on the
|
skip outcome of the test. You can also skip based on the
|
||||||
version number of a library::
|
version number of a library:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: python
|
.. code-block:: python
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ XFail: mark test functions as expected to fail
|
||||||
----------------------------------------------
|
----------------------------------------------
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
You can use the ``xfail`` marker to indicate that you
|
You can use the ``xfail`` marker to indicate that you
|
||||||
expect a test to fail::
|
expect a test to fail:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: python
|
.. code-block:: python
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ provide a temporary directory unique to the test invocation,
|
||||||
created in the `base temporary directory`_.
|
created in the `base temporary directory`_.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
``tmpdir`` is a `py.path.local`_ object which offers ``os.path`` methods
|
``tmpdir`` is a `py.path.local`_ object which offers ``os.path`` methods
|
||||||
and more. Here is an example test usage::
|
and more. Here is an example test usage:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: python
|
.. code-block:: python
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ It's meant for leveraging existing ``unittest``-based test suites
|
||||||
to use pytest as a test runner and also allow to incrementally adapt
|
to use pytest as a test runner and also allow to incrementally adapt
|
||||||
the test suite to take full advantage of pytest's features.
|
the test suite to take full advantage of pytest's features.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
To run an existing ``unittest``-style test suite using ``pytest``, type::
|
To run an existing ``unittest``-style test suite using ``pytest``, type:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: bash
|
.. code-block:: bash
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ Running your unittest with ``pytest`` allows you to use its
|
||||||
tests. Assuming you have at least skimmed the pytest fixture features,
|
tests. Assuming you have at least skimmed the pytest fixture features,
|
||||||
let's jump-start into an example that integrates a pytest ``db_class``
|
let's jump-start into an example that integrates a pytest ``db_class``
|
||||||
fixture, setting up a class-cached database object, and then reference
|
fixture, setting up a class-cached database object, and then reference
|
||||||
it from a unittest-style test::
|
it from a unittest-style test:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: python
|
.. code-block:: python
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ as the ``cls`` attribute, denoting the class from which the fixture
|
||||||
is used. This architecture de-couples fixture writing from actual test
|
is used. This architecture de-couples fixture writing from actual test
|
||||||
code and allows re-use of the fixture by a minimal reference, the fixture
|
code and allows re-use of the fixture by a minimal reference, the fixture
|
||||||
name. So let's write an actual ``unittest.TestCase`` class using our
|
name. So let's write an actual ``unittest.TestCase`` class using our
|
||||||
fixture definition::
|
fixture definition:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: python
|
.. code-block:: python
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ Let's look at an ``initdir`` fixture which makes all test methods of a
|
||||||
``TestCase`` class execute in a temporary directory with a
|
``TestCase`` class execute in a temporary directory with a
|
||||||
pre-initialized ``samplefile.ini``. Our ``initdir`` fixture itself uses
|
pre-initialized ``samplefile.ini``. Our ``initdir`` fixture itself uses
|
||||||
the pytest builtin :ref:`tmpdir <tmpdir>` fixture to delegate the
|
the pytest builtin :ref:`tmpdir <tmpdir>` fixture to delegate the
|
||||||
creation of a per-test temporary directory::
|
creation of a per-test temporary directory:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: python
|
.. code-block:: python
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -754,7 +754,7 @@ Calling pytest from Python code
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
You can invoke ``pytest`` from Python code directly::
|
You can invoke ``pytest`` from Python code directly:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: python
|
.. code-block:: python
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -762,13 +762,13 @@ You can invoke ``pytest`` from Python code directly::
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
this acts as if you would call "pytest" from the command line.
|
this acts as if you would call "pytest" from the command line.
|
||||||
It will not raise ``SystemExit`` but return the exitcode instead.
|
It will not raise ``SystemExit`` but return the exitcode instead.
|
||||||
You can pass in options and arguments::
|
You can pass in options and arguments:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: python
|
.. code-block:: python
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
pytest.main(["-x", "mytestdir"])
|
pytest.main(["-x", "mytestdir"])
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
You can specify additional plugins to ``pytest.main``::
|
You can specify additional plugins to ``pytest.main``:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: python
|
.. code-block:: python
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ argument ``match`` to assert that the exception matches a text or regex::
|
||||||
...
|
...
|
||||||
Failed: DID NOT WARN. No warnings of type ...UserWarning... was emitted...
|
Failed: DID NOT WARN. No warnings of type ...UserWarning... was emitted...
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
You can also call ``pytest.warns`` on a function or code string::
|
You can also call ``pytest.warns`` on a function or code string:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: python
|
.. code-block:: python
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ Module level setup/teardown
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
If you have multiple test functions and test classes in a single
|
If you have multiple test functions and test classes in a single
|
||||||
module you can optionally implement the following fixture methods
|
module you can optionally implement the following fixture methods
|
||||||
which will usually be called once for all the functions::
|
which will usually be called once for all the functions:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: python
|
.. code-block:: python
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ Class level setup/teardown
|
||||||
----------------------------------
|
----------------------------------
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Similarly, the following methods are called at class level before
|
Similarly, the following methods are called at class level before
|
||||||
and after all test methods of the class are called::
|
and after all test methods of the class are called:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: python
|
.. code-block:: python
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ and after all test methods of the class are called::
|
||||||
Method and function level setup/teardown
|
Method and function level setup/teardown
|
||||||
-----------------------------------------------
|
-----------------------------------------------
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Similarly, the following methods are called around each method invocation::
|
Similarly, the following methods are called around each method invocation:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: python
|
.. code-block:: python
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ Similarly, the following methods are called around each method invocation::
|
||||||
As of pytest-3.0, the ``method`` parameter is optional.
|
As of pytest-3.0, the ``method`` parameter is optional.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
If you would rather define test functions directly at module level
|
If you would rather define test functions directly at module level
|
||||||
you can also use the following functions to implement fixtures::
|
you can also use the following functions to implement fixtures:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: python
|
.. code-block:: python
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
Loading…
Reference in New Issue