Rollup merge of #127943 - compiler-errors:no-unsafe, r=spastorino

Don't allow unsafe statics outside of extern blocks

This PR fixes a regression where we allowed `unsafe static` items in top-level modules (i.e. outside of `unsafe extern` blocks).

It's harder IMO to integrate this into the `check_item_safety` function, so I opted to just put this check on the `static` item itself.

Beta version of this lives at #127944.

r? ```@oli-obk``` or ```@spastorino```

compiler/rustc_ast_passes/messages.ftl

@@ -269,6 +269,9 @@ ast_passes_unsafe_negative_impl = negative impls cannot be unsafe
     .negative = negative because of this
     .unsafe = unsafe because of this
 
+ast_passes_unsafe_static =
+    static items cannot be declared with `unsafe` safety qualifier outside of `extern` block
+
 ast_passes_visibility_not_permitted =
     visibility qualifiers are not permitted here
     .enum_variant = enum variants and their fields always share the visibility of the enum they are in

compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/ast_validation.rs

@@ -438,6 +438,11 @@ impl<'a> AstValidator<'a> {
         }
     }
 
+    /// This ensures that items can only be `unsafe` (or unmarked) outside of extern
+    /// blocks.
+    ///
+    /// This additionally ensures that within extern blocks, items can only be
+    /// `safe`/`unsafe` inside of a `unsafe`-adorned extern block.
     fn check_item_safety(&self, span: Span, safety: Safety) {
         match self.extern_mod_safety {
             Some(extern_safety) => {
@@ -1177,6 +1182,9 @@ impl<'a> Visitor<'a> for AstValidator<'a> {
             }
             ItemKind::Static(box StaticItem { expr, safety, .. }) => {
                 self.check_item_safety(item.span, *safety);
+                if matches!(safety, Safety::Unsafe(_)) {
+                    self.dcx().emit_err(errors::UnsafeStatic { span: item.span });
+                }
 
                 if expr.is_none() {
                     self.dcx().emit_err(errors::StaticWithoutBody {

compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/errors.rs

@@ -224,6 +224,13 @@ pub struct InvalidSafetyOnBareFn {
     pub span: Span,
 }
 
+#[derive(Diagnostic)]
+#[diag(ast_passes_unsafe_static)]
+pub struct UnsafeStatic {
+    #[primary_span]
+    pub span: Span,
+}
+
 #[derive(Diagnostic)]
 #[diag(ast_passes_bound_in_context)]
 pub struct BoundInContext<'a> {

tests/ui/rust-2024/safe-outside-extern.gated.stderr

@@ -28,5 +28,11 @@ error: function pointers cannot be declared with `safe` safety qualifier
 LL | type FnPtr = safe fn(i32, i32) -> i32;
    |              ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-error: aborting due to 5 previous errors
+error: static items cannot be declared with `unsafe` safety qualifier outside of `extern` block
+  --> $DIR/safe-outside-extern.rs:28:1
+   |
+LL | unsafe static LOL: u8 = 0;
+   | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+error: aborting due to 6 previous errors
 

tests/ui/rust-2024/safe-outside-extern.rs

@@ -25,4 +25,7 @@ type FnPtr = safe fn(i32, i32) -> i32;
 //~^ ERROR: function pointers cannot be declared with `safe` safety qualifier
 //[ungated]~| ERROR: unsafe extern {}` blocks and `safe` keyword are experimental [E0658]
 
+unsafe static LOL: u8 = 0;
+//~^ ERROR: static items cannot be declared with `unsafe` safety qualifier outside of `extern` block
+
 fn main() {}

tests/ui/rust-2024/safe-outside-extern.ungated.stderr

@@ -28,6 +28,12 @@ error: function pointers cannot be declared with `safe` safety qualifier
 LL | type FnPtr = safe fn(i32, i32) -> i32;
    |              ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
+error: static items cannot be declared with `unsafe` safety qualifier outside of `extern` block
+  --> $DIR/safe-outside-extern.rs:28:1
+   |
+LL | unsafe static LOL: u8 = 0;
+   | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
 error[E0658]: `unsafe extern {}` blocks and `safe` keyword are experimental
   --> $DIR/safe-outside-extern.rs:4:1
    |
@@ -78,6 +84,6 @@ LL | type FnPtr = safe fn(i32, i32) -> i32;
    = help: add `#![feature(unsafe_extern_blocks)]` to the crate attributes to enable
    = note: this compiler was built on YYYY-MM-DD; consider upgrading it if it is out of date
 
-error: aborting due to 10 previous errors
+error: aborting due to 11 previous errors
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0658`.