Rollup merge of #118521 - dpaoliello:asan, r=wesleywiser

Enable address sanitizer for MSVC targets using INFERASANLIBS linker flag

This enables address sanitizer for x86_64-pc-windows-msvc and i686-pc-windows-msvc targets when linked with the MSVC linker (link.exe) by leveraging the `/INFERASANLIBS` option to automatically find and link in Microsoft's address sanitizer runtime: <https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/sanitizers/asan-runtime?view=msvc-170>

Implements https://github.com/rust-lang/compiler-team/issues/702
Fixes #89339 (for MSVC targets using the MSVC linker only)
Supercedes #89369

Successful x86_64-msvc build showing the sanitizer tests working: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/actions/runs/7228346880/job/19697628258?pr=118521

compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/link.rs

@@ -1186,15 +1186,22 @@ mod win {
     }
 }
 
-fn add_sanitizer_libraries(sess: &Session, crate_type: CrateType, linker: &mut dyn Linker) {
-    // On macOS the runtimes are distributed as dylibs which should be linked to
-    // both executables and dynamic shared objects. Everywhere else the runtimes
-    // are currently distributed as static libraries which should be linked to
-    // executables only.
+fn add_sanitizer_libraries(
+    sess: &Session,
+    flavor: LinkerFlavor,
+    crate_type: CrateType,
+    linker: &mut dyn Linker,
+) {
+    // On macOS and Windows using MSVC the runtimes are distributed as dylibs
+    // which should be linked to both executables and dynamic libraries.
+    // Everywhere else the runtimes are currently distributed as static
+    // libraries which should be linked to executables only.
     let needs_runtime = !sess.target.is_like_android
         && match crate_type {
             CrateType::Executable => true,
-            CrateType::Dylib | CrateType::Cdylib | CrateType::ProcMacro => sess.target.is_like_osx,
+            CrateType::Dylib | CrateType::Cdylib | CrateType::ProcMacro => {
+                sess.target.is_like_osx || sess.target.is_like_msvc
+            }
             CrateType::Rlib | CrateType::Staticlib => false,
         };
 
@@ -1204,26 +1211,31 @@ fn add_sanitizer_libraries(sess: &Session, crate_type: CrateType, linker: &mut d
 
     let sanitizer = sess.opts.unstable_opts.sanitizer;
     if sanitizer.contains(SanitizerSet::ADDRESS) {
-        link_sanitizer_runtime(sess, linker, "asan");
+        link_sanitizer_runtime(sess, flavor, linker, "asan");
     }
     if sanitizer.contains(SanitizerSet::LEAK) {
-        link_sanitizer_runtime(sess, linker, "lsan");
+        link_sanitizer_runtime(sess, flavor, linker, "lsan");
     }
     if sanitizer.contains(SanitizerSet::MEMORY) {
-        link_sanitizer_runtime(sess, linker, "msan");
+        link_sanitizer_runtime(sess, flavor, linker, "msan");
     }
     if sanitizer.contains(SanitizerSet::THREAD) {
-        link_sanitizer_runtime(sess, linker, "tsan");
+        link_sanitizer_runtime(sess, flavor, linker, "tsan");
     }
     if sanitizer.contains(SanitizerSet::HWADDRESS) {
-        link_sanitizer_runtime(sess, linker, "hwasan");
+        link_sanitizer_runtime(sess, flavor, linker, "hwasan");
     }
     if sanitizer.contains(SanitizerSet::SAFESTACK) {
-        link_sanitizer_runtime(sess, linker, "safestack");
+        link_sanitizer_runtime(sess, flavor, linker, "safestack");
     }
 }
 
-fn link_sanitizer_runtime(sess: &Session, linker: &mut dyn Linker, name: &str) {
+fn link_sanitizer_runtime(
+    sess: &Session,
+    flavor: LinkerFlavor,
+    linker: &mut dyn Linker,
+    name: &str,
+) {
     fn find_sanitizer_runtime(sess: &Session, filename: &str) -> PathBuf {
         let session_tlib =
             filesearch::make_target_lib_path(&sess.sysroot, sess.opts.target_triple.triple());
@@ -1254,6 +1266,10 @@ fn link_sanitizer_runtime(sess: &Session, linker: &mut dyn Linker, name: &str) {
         let rpath = path.to_str().expect("non-utf8 component in path");
         linker.args(&["-Wl,-rpath", "-Xlinker", rpath]);
         linker.link_dylib(&filename, false, true);
+    } else if sess.target.is_like_msvc && flavor == LinkerFlavor::Msvc(Lld::No) && name == "asan" {
+        // MSVC provides the `/INFERASANLIBS` argument to automatically find the
+        // compatible ASAN library.
+        linker.arg("/INFERASANLIBS");
     } else {
         let filename = format!("librustc{channel}_rt.{name}.a");
         let path = find_sanitizer_runtime(sess, &filename).join(&filename);
@@ -2076,7 +2092,7 @@ fn linker_with_args<'a>(
     );
 
     // Sanitizer libraries.
-    add_sanitizer_libraries(sess, crate_type, cmd);
+    add_sanitizer_libraries(sess, flavor, crate_type, cmd);
 
     // Object code from the current crate.
     // Take careful note of the ordering of the arguments we pass to the linker

compiler/rustc_session/src/session.rs

@@ -1274,7 +1274,10 @@ fn validate_commandline_args_with_session_available(sess: &Session) {
     }
 
     // Cannot enable crt-static with sanitizers on Linux
-    if sess.crt_static(None) && !sess.opts.unstable_opts.sanitizer.is_empty() {
+    if sess.crt_static(None)
+        && !sess.opts.unstable_opts.sanitizer.is_empty()
+        && !sess.target.is_like_msvc
+    {
         sess.dcx().emit_err(errors::CannotEnableCrtStaticLinux);
     }
 

compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/targets/i686_pc_windows_msvc.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
-use crate::spec::{base, LinkerFlavor, Lld, Target};
+use crate::spec::{base, LinkerFlavor, Lld, SanitizerSet, Target};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = base::windows_msvc::opts();
     base.cpu = "pentium4".into();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
+    base.supported_sanitizers = SanitizerSet::ADDRESS;
 
     base.add_pre_link_args(
         LinkerFlavor::Msvc(Lld::No),

compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/targets/x86_64_pc_windows_msvc.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
-use crate::spec::{base, Target};
+use crate::spec::{base, SanitizerSet, Target};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = base::windows_msvc::opts();
     base.cpu = "x86-64".into();
     base.plt_by_default = false;
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
+    base.supported_sanitizers = SanitizerSet::ADDRESS;
 
     Target {
         llvm_target: "x86_64-pc-windows-msvc".into(),

src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/compile.rs

@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ fn copy_third_party_objects(
 ) -> Vec<(PathBuf, DependencyType)> {
     let mut target_deps = vec![];
 
-    if builder.config.sanitizers_enabled(target) && compiler.stage != 0 {
+    if builder.config.needs_sanitizer_runtime_built(target) && compiler.stage != 0 {
         // The sanitizers are only copied in stage1 or above,
         // to avoid creating dependency on LLVM.
         target_deps.extend(

src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/test.rs

@@ -1937,6 +1937,29 @@ NOTE: if you're sure you want to do this, please open an issue as to why. In the
             }
         }
 
+        // Special setup to enable running with sanitizers on MSVC.
+        if !builder.config.dry_run()
+            && target.contains("msvc")
+            && builder.config.sanitizers_enabled(target)
+        {
+            // Ignore interception failures: not all dlls in the process will have been built with
+            // address sanitizer enabled (e.g., ntdll.dll).
+            cmd.env("ASAN_WIN_CONTINUE_ON_INTERCEPTION_FAILURE", "1");
+            // Add the address sanitizer runtime to the PATH - it is located next to cl.exe.
+            let asan_runtime_path =
+                builder.cc.borrow()[&target].path().parent().unwrap().to_path_buf();
+            let old_path = cmd
+                .get_envs()
+                .find_map(|(k, v)| (k == "PATH").then_some(v))
+                .flatten()
+                .map_or_else(|| env::var_os("PATH").unwrap_or_default(), |v| v.to_owned());
+            let new_path = env::join_paths(
+                env::split_paths(&old_path).chain(std::iter::once(asan_runtime_path)),
+            )
+            .expect("Could not add ASAN runtime path to PATH");
+            cmd.env("PATH", new_path);
+        }
+
         // Some UI tests trigger behavior in rustc where it reads $CARGO and changes behavior if it exists.
         // To make the tests work that rely on it not being set, make sure it is not set.
         cmd.env_remove("CARGO");

src/bootstrap/src/core/config/config.rs

@@ -2180,8 +2180,15 @@ impl Config {
         self.target_config.get(&target).map(|t| t.sanitizers).flatten().unwrap_or(self.sanitizers)
     }
 
-    pub fn any_sanitizers_enabled(&self) -> bool {
-        self.target_config.values().any(|t| t.sanitizers == Some(true)) || self.sanitizers
+    pub fn needs_sanitizer_runtime_built(&self, target: TargetSelection) -> bool {
+        // MSVC uses the Microsoft-provided sanitizer runtime, but all other runtimes we build.
+        !target.is_msvc() && self.sanitizers_enabled(target)
+    }
+
+    pub fn any_sanitizers_to_build(&self) -> bool {
+        self.target_config
+            .iter()
+            .any(|(ts, t)| !ts.is_msvc() && t.sanitizers.unwrap_or(self.sanitizers))
     }
 
     pub fn profiler_path(&self, target: TargetSelection) -> Option<&str> {

src/bootstrap/src/core/sanity.rs

@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ pub fn check(build: &mut Build) {
             })
             .any(|build_llvm_ourselves| build_llvm_ourselves);
 
-    let need_cmake = building_llvm || build.config.any_sanitizers_enabled();
+    let need_cmake = building_llvm || build.config.any_sanitizers_to_build();
     if need_cmake && cmd_finder.maybe_have("cmake").is_none() {
         eprintln!(
             "

tests/run-make/sanitizer-cdylib-link/Makefile

@@ -12,5 +12,5 @@ LOG := $(TMPDIR)/log.txt
 
 all:
 	$(RUSTC) -g -Z sanitizer=address --crate-type cdylib --target $(TARGET) library.rs
-	$(RUSTC) -g -Z sanitizer=address --crate-type bin --target $(TARGET) -llibrary program.rs
+	$(RUSTC) -g -Z sanitizer=address --crate-type bin --target $(TARGET) program.rs
 	LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$(TMPDIR) $(TMPDIR)/program 2>&1 | $(CGREP) stack-buffer-overflow

tests/run-make/sanitizer-cdylib-link/program.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#[cfg_attr(windows, link(name = "library.dll.lib", modifiers = "+verbatim"))]
+#[cfg_attr(not(windows), link(name = "library"))]
 extern "C" {
     fn overflow();
 }

tests/run-make/sanitizer-dylib-link/Makefile

@@ -12,5 +12,5 @@ LOG := $(TMPDIR)/log.txt
 
 all:
 	$(RUSTC) -g -Z sanitizer=address --crate-type dylib --target $(TARGET) library.rs
-	$(RUSTC) -g -Z sanitizer=address --crate-type bin --target $(TARGET) -llibrary program.rs
+	$(RUSTC) -g -Z sanitizer=address --crate-type bin --target $(TARGET) program.rs
 	LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$(TMPDIR) $(TMPDIR)/program 2>&1 | $(CGREP) stack-buffer-overflow

tests/run-make/sanitizer-dylib-link/program.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#[cfg_attr(windows, link(name = "library.dll.lib", modifiers = "+verbatim"))]
+#[cfg_attr(not(windows), link(name = "library"))]
 extern "C" {
     fn overflow();
 }

tests/run-make/sanitizer-staticlib-link/program.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#[link(name = "library")]
+#[link(name = "library", kind = "static")]
 extern "C" {
     fn overflow();
 }

tests/ui/sanitize/badfree.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 // compile-flags: -Z sanitizer=address -O
 //
 // run-fail
-// error-pattern: AddressSanitizer: SEGV
+// regex-error-pattern: AddressSanitizer: (SEGV|attempting free on address which was not malloc)
 
 use std::ffi::c_void;