diff --git a/examples/counters/src/lib.rs b/examples/counters/src/lib.rs
index 5460322da..acd496f7c 100644
--- a/examples/counters/src/lib.rs
+++ b/examples/counters/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use leptos::*;
+use leptos::prelude::*;
 
 const MANY_COUNTERS: usize = 1000;
 
@@ -77,39 +77,23 @@ pub fn Counters() -> impl IntoView {
 }
 
 #[component]
-fn Counter(
-    id: usize,
-    value: ReadSignal<i32>,
-    set_value: WriteSignal<i32>,
-) -> impl IntoView {
+fn Counter(id: usize, value: ArcRwSignal<i32>) -> impl IntoView {
+    let value = RwSignal::from(value);
     let CounterUpdater { set_counters } = use_context().unwrap();
 
     let input = move |ev| {
-        set_value
-            .set(event_target_value(&ev).parse::<i32>().unwrap_or_default())
+        value.set(event_target_value(&ev).parse::<i32>().unwrap_or_default())
     };
 
-    // this will run when the scope is disposed, i.e., when this row is deleted
-    // because the signal was created in the parent scope, it won't be disposed
-    // of until the parent scope is. but we no longer need it, so we'll dispose of
-    // it when this row is deleted, instead. if we don't dispose of it here,
-    // this memory will "leak," i.e., the signal will continue to exist until the
-    // parent component is removed. in the case of this component, where it's the
-    // root, that's the lifetime of the program.
-    on_cleanup(move || {
-        log::debug!("deleted a row");
-        value.dispose();
-    });
-
     view! {
         <li>
-            <button on:click=move |_| set_value.update(move |value| *value -= 1)>"-1"</button>
+            <button on:click=move |_| value.update(move |value| *value -= 1)>"-1"</button>
             <input type="text"
                 prop:value={value}
                 on:input=input
             />
             <span>{value}</span>
-            <button on:click=move |_| set_value.update(move |value| *value += 1)>"+1"</button>
+            <button on:click=move |_| value.update(move |value| *value += 1)>"+1"</button>
             <button on:click=move |_| set_counters.update(move |counters| counters.retain(|(counter_id, _)| counter_id != &id))>"x"</button>
         </li>
     }
diff --git a/reactive_graph/src/computed/arc_memo.rs b/reactive_graph/src/computed/arc_memo.rs
index f2bbba5cd..e01f95e45 100644
--- a/reactive_graph/src/computed/arc_memo.rs
+++ b/reactive_graph/src/computed/arc_memo.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use crate::{
         ToAnySource, ToAnySubscriber,
     },
     signal::MappedSignalReadGuard,
-    traits::{DefinedAt, Readable},
+    traits::{DefinedAt, ReadUntracked},
 };
 use core::fmt::Debug;
 use or_poisoned::OrPoisoned;
@@ -158,10 +158,10 @@ impl<T: Send + Sync + 'static> Subscriber for ArcMemo<T> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<T: Send + Sync + 'static> Readable for ArcMemo<T> {
+impl<T: Send + Sync + 'static> ReadUntracked for ArcMemo<T> {
     type Value = MappedSignalReadGuard<MemoInner<T>, T>;
 
-    fn try_read(&self) -> Option<Self::Value> {
+    fn try_read_untracked(&self) -> Option<Self::Value> {
         self.update_if_necessary();
 
         MappedSignalReadGuard::try_new(Arc::clone(&self.inner), |t| {
diff --git a/reactive_graph/src/computed/async_derived/arc_async_derived.rs b/reactive_graph/src/computed/async_derived/arc_async_derived.rs
index bdc5ae929..b2d10a03e 100644
--- a/reactive_graph/src/computed/async_derived/arc_async_derived.rs
+++ b/reactive_graph/src/computed/async_derived/arc_async_derived.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use crate::{
     },
     owner::Owner,
     signal::SignalReadGuard,
-    traits::{DefinedAt, Readable},
+    traits::{DefinedAt, ReadUntracked},
 };
 use core::fmt::Debug;
 use futures::{FutureExt, StreamExt};
@@ -221,10 +221,10 @@ impl<T: 'static> ArcAsyncDerived<T> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<T: 'static> Readable for ArcAsyncDerived<T> {
+impl<T: 'static> ReadUntracked for ArcAsyncDerived<T> {
     type Value = SignalReadGuard<AsyncState<T>>;
 
-    fn try_read(&self) -> Option<Self::Value> {
+    fn try_read_untracked(&self) -> Option<Self::Value> {
         SignalReadGuard::try_new(Arc::clone(&self.value))
     }
 }
diff --git a/reactive_graph/src/computed/async_derived/async_derived.rs b/reactive_graph/src/computed/async_derived/async_derived.rs
index becb3bca4..76d9b218d 100644
--- a/reactive_graph/src/computed/async_derived/async_derived.rs
+++ b/reactive_graph/src/computed/async_derived/async_derived.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use crate::{
     },
     owner::{Stored, StoredData},
     signal::{MappedSignalReadGuard, SignalReadGuard},
-    traits::{DefinedAt, Readable},
+    traits::{DefinedAt, ReadUntracked},
     unwrap_signal,
 };
 use core::fmt::Debug;
@@ -146,11 +146,11 @@ impl<T: Send + Sync + Clone + 'static> IntoFuture for AsyncDerived<T> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<T: Send + Sync + 'static> Readable for AsyncDerived<T> {
+impl<T: Send + Sync + 'static> ReadUntracked for AsyncDerived<T> {
     type Value = SignalReadGuard<AsyncState<T>>;
 
-    fn try_read(&self) -> Option<Self::Value> {
-        self.get_value().map(|inner| inner.read())
+    fn try_read_untracked(&self) -> Option<Self::Value> {
+        self.get_value().map(|inner| inner.read_untracked())
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/reactive_graph/src/computed/memo.rs b/reactive_graph/src/computed/memo.rs
index 09f363e7f..9955b1e6d 100644
--- a/reactive_graph/src/computed/memo.rs
+++ b/reactive_graph/src/computed/memo.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use super::{inner::MemoInner, ArcMemo};
 use crate::{
     owner::{Stored, StoredData},
     signal::MappedSignalReadGuard,
-    traits::{DefinedAt, Readable, Track},
+    traits::{DefinedAt, ReadUntracked, Track},
 };
 use std::{fmt::Debug, panic::Location};
 
@@ -80,10 +80,10 @@ impl<T: Send + Sync + 'static> Track for Memo<T> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<T: Send + Sync + 'static> Readable for Memo<T> {
+impl<T: Send + Sync + 'static> ReadUntracked for Memo<T> {
     type Value = MappedSignalReadGuard<MemoInner<T>, T>;
 
-    fn try_read(&self) -> Option<Self::Value> {
-        self.get_value().map(|inner| inner.read())
+    fn try_read_untracked(&self) -> Option<Self::Value> {
+        self.get_value().map(|inner| inner.read_untracked())
     }
 }
diff --git a/reactive_graph/src/nightly.rs b/reactive_graph/src/nightly.rs
index e72f82b97..f5ff0cccc 100644
--- a/reactive_graph/src/nightly.rs
+++ b/reactive_graph/src/nightly.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use crate::{
         ArcReadSignal, ArcRwSignal, ArcWriteSignal, ReadSignal, RwSignal,
         WriteSignal,
     },
-    traits::{Readable, Set},
+    traits::{Read, Set},
 };
 
 macro_rules! impl_get_fn_traits {
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ macro_rules! impl_get_fn_traits {
         $(
             #[cfg(feature = "nightly")]
             impl<T: 'static> FnOnce<()> for $ty<T> {
-                type Output = <Self as Readable>::Value;
+                type Output = <Self as Read>::Value;
 
                 #[inline(always)]
                 extern "rust-call" fn call_once(self, _args: ()) -> Self::Output {
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ macro_rules! impl_get_fn_traits_send {
         $(
             #[cfg(feature = "nightly")]
             impl<T: Send + Sync + 'static> FnOnce<()> for $ty<T> {
-                type Output = <Self as Readable>::Value;
+                type Output = <Self as Read>::Value;
 
                 #[inline(always)]
                 extern "rust-call" fn call_once(self, _args: ()) -> Self::Output {
diff --git a/reactive_graph/src/signal/arc_read.rs b/reactive_graph/src/signal/arc_read.rs
index 9fc5a9d1f..d9e81a967 100644
--- a/reactive_graph/src/signal/arc_read.rs
+++ b/reactive_graph/src/signal/arc_read.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use super::{subscriber_traits::AsSubscriberSet, SignalReadGuard};
 use crate::{
     graph::SubscriberSet,
-    traits::{DefinedAt, IsDisposed, Readable},
+    traits::{DefinedAt, IsDisposed, ReadUntracked},
 };
 use core::fmt::{Debug, Formatter, Result};
 use std::{
@@ -82,10 +82,10 @@ impl<T> AsSubscriberSet for ArcReadSignal<T> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<T: 'static> Readable for ArcReadSignal<T> {
+impl<T: 'static> ReadUntracked for ArcReadSignal<T> {
     type Value = SignalReadGuard<T>;
 
-    fn try_read(&self) -> Option<Self::Value> {
+    fn try_read_untracked(&self) -> Option<Self::Value> {
         SignalReadGuard::try_new(Arc::clone(&self.value))
     }
 }
diff --git a/reactive_graph/src/signal/arc_rw.rs b/reactive_graph/src/signal/arc_rw.rs
index 863911014..d91603496 100644
--- a/reactive_graph/src/signal/arc_rw.rs
+++ b/reactive_graph/src/signal/arc_rw.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use super::{
 use crate::{
     graph::{ReactiveNode, SubscriberSet},
     prelude::{IsDisposed, Trigger},
-    traits::{DefinedAt, Readable, Writeable},
+    traits::{DefinedAt, ReadUntracked, Writeable},
 };
 use core::fmt::{Debug, Formatter, Result};
 use std::{
@@ -112,10 +112,10 @@ impl<T> AsSubscriberSet for ArcRwSignal<T> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<T: 'static> Readable for ArcRwSignal<T> {
+impl<T: 'static> ReadUntracked for ArcRwSignal<T> {
     type Value = SignalReadGuard<T>;
 
-    fn try_read(&self) -> Option<Self::Value> {
+    fn try_read_untracked(&self) -> Option<Self::Value> {
         SignalReadGuard::try_new(Arc::clone(&self.value))
     }
 }
diff --git a/reactive_graph/src/signal/read.rs b/reactive_graph/src/signal/read.rs
index 3078d3f2f..da8fa7ef5 100644
--- a/reactive_graph/src/signal/read.rs
+++ b/reactive_graph/src/signal/read.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@ use super::{
 use crate::{
     graph::SubscriberSet,
     owner::{Stored, StoredData},
-    traits::{DefinedAt, IsDisposed, Readable},
+    traits::{DefinedAt, IsDisposed, ReadUntracked},
+    unwrap_signal,
 };
 use core::fmt::Debug;
 use std::{
@@ -76,10 +77,28 @@ impl<T: Send + Sync + 'static> AsSubscriberSet for ReadSignal<T> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<T: Send + Sync + 'static> Readable for ReadSignal<T> {
+impl<T: Send + Sync + 'static> ReadUntracked for ReadSignal<T> {
     type Value = SignalReadGuard<T>;
 
-    fn try_read(&self) -> Option<Self::Value> {
-        self.get_value().map(|inner| inner.read())
+    fn try_read_untracked(&self) -> Option<Self::Value> {
+        self.get_value().map(|inner| inner.read_untracked())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: Send + Sync + 'static> From<ArcReadSignal<T>> for ReadSignal<T> {
+    #[track_caller]
+    fn from(value: ArcReadSignal<T>) -> Self {
+        ReadSignal {
+            #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+            defined_at: Location::caller(),
+            inner: Stored::new(value),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: Send + Sync + 'static> From<ReadSignal<T>> for ArcReadSignal<T> {
+    #[track_caller]
+    fn from(value: ReadSignal<T>) -> Self {
+        value.get_value().unwrap_or_else(unwrap_signal!(value))
     }
 }
diff --git a/reactive_graph/src/signal/rw.rs b/reactive_graph/src/signal/rw.rs
index 1f5bc61b1..f45d9f0f3 100644
--- a/reactive_graph/src/signal/rw.rs
+++ b/reactive_graph/src/signal/rw.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use super::{
 use crate::{
     graph::{ReactiveNode, SubscriberSet},
     owner::{Stored, StoredData},
-    traits::{DefinedAt, IsDisposed, Readable, Trigger, UpdateUntracked},
+    traits::{DefinedAt, IsDisposed, ReadUntracked, Trigger, UpdateUntracked},
     unwrap_signal,
 };
 use core::fmt::Debug;
@@ -146,11 +146,11 @@ impl<T: Send + Sync + 'static> AsSubscriberSet for RwSignal<T> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<T: Send + Sync + 'static> Readable for RwSignal<T> {
+impl<T: Send + Sync + 'static> ReadUntracked for RwSignal<T> {
     type Value = SignalReadGuard<T>;
 
-    fn try_read(&self) -> Option<Self::Value> {
-        self.get_value().map(|inner| inner.read())
+    fn try_read_untracked(&self) -> Option<Self::Value> {
+        self.get_value().map(|inner| inner.read_untracked())
     }
 }
 
@@ -170,3 +170,21 @@ impl<T: Send + Sync + 'static> UpdateUntracked for RwSignal<T> {
         self.get_value().and_then(|n| n.try_update_untracked(fun))
     }
 }
+
+impl<T: Send + Sync + 'static> From<ArcRwSignal<T>> for RwSignal<T> {
+    #[track_caller]
+    fn from(value: ArcRwSignal<T>) -> Self {
+        RwSignal {
+            #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+            defined_at: Location::caller(),
+            inner: Stored::new(value),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: Send + Sync + 'static> From<RwSignal<T>> for ArcRwSignal<T> {
+    #[track_caller]
+    fn from(value: RwSignal<T>) -> Self {
+        value.get_value().unwrap_or_else(unwrap_signal!(value))
+    }
+}
diff --git a/reactive_graph/src/traits.rs b/reactive_graph/src/traits.rs
index d82c11d41..459c9c547 100644
--- a/reactive_graph/src/traits.rs
+++ b/reactive_graph/src/traits.rs
@@ -13,20 +13,20 @@
 //! - [`IsDisposed`] checks whether a signal is currently accessible.
 //!
 //! ## Base Traits
-//! | Trait        | Mode  | Description                                                                           |
-//! |--------------|-------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
-//! | [`Track`]    | —     | Tracks changes to this value, adding it as a source of the current reactive observer. |
-//! | [`Trigger`]  | —     | Notifies subscribers that this value has changed.                                     |
-//! | [`Readable`] | Guard | Gives immutable access to the value of this signal.                                   |
-//! | [`Writeable`]| Guard | Gives mutable access to the value of this signal.
+//! | Trait             | Mode  | Description                                                                           |
+//! |-------------------|-------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+//! | [`Track`]         | —     | Tracks changes to this value, adding it as a source of the current reactive observer. |
+//! | [`Trigger`]       | —     | Notifies subscribers that this value has changed.                                     |
+//! | [`ReadUntracked`] | Guard | Gives immutable access to the value of this signal.                                   |
+//! | [`Writeable`]     | Guard | Gives mutable access to the value of this signal.
 //!
 //! ## Derived Traits
 //!
 //! ### Access
 //! | Trait             | Mode          | Composition                   | Description
 //! |-------------------|---------------|-------------------------------|------------
-//! | [`WithUntracked`] | `fn(&T) -> U` | [`Readable`]                  | Applies closure to the current value of the signal and returns result.
-//! | [`With`]          | `fn(&T) -> U` | [`Readable`] + [`Track`]      | Applies closure to the current value of the signal and returns result, with reactive tracking.
+//! | [`WithUntracked`] | `fn(&T) -> U` | [`ReadUntracked`]                  | Applies closure to the current value of the signal and returns result.
+//! | [`With`]          | `fn(&T) -> U` | [`ReadUntracked`] + [`Track`]      | Applies closure to the current value of the signal and returns result, with reactive tracking.
 //! | [`GetUntracked`]  | `T`           | [`WithUntracked`] + [`Clone`] | Clones the current value of the signal.
 //! | [`Get`]           | `T`           | [`GetUntracked`] + [`Track`]  | Clones the current value of the signal, with reactive tracking.
 //!
@@ -42,9 +42,9 @@
 //! These traits are designed so that you can implement as few as possible, and the rest will be
 //! implemented automatically.
 //!
-//! For example, if you have a struct for which you can implement [`Readable`] and [`Track`], then
+//! For example, if you have a struct for which you can implement [`ReadUntracked`] and [`Track`], then
 //! [`WithUntracked`] and [`With`] will be implemented automatically (as will [`GetUntracked`] and
-//! [`Get`] for `Clone` types). But if you cannot implement [`Readable`] (because, for example,
+//! [`Get`] for `Clone` types). But if you cannot implement [`ReadUntracked`] (because, for example,
 //! there isn't an `RwLock` you can wrap in a [`SignalReadGuard`](crate::signal::SignalReadGuard),
 //! but you can still implement [`WithUntracked`] and [`Track`], the same traits will still be implemented.
 
@@ -95,15 +95,43 @@ impl<T: Source + ToAnySource> Track for T {
     }
 }
 
-pub trait Readable: Sized + DefinedAt {
+pub trait ReadUntracked: Sized + DefinedAt {
+    type Value: Deref;
+
+    #[track_caller]
+    fn try_read_untracked(&self) -> Option<Self::Value>;
+
+    #[track_caller]
+    fn read_untracked(&self) -> Self::Value {
+        self.try_read_untracked()
+            .unwrap_or_else(unwrap_signal!(self))
+    }
+}
+
+pub trait Read {
     type Value: Deref;
 
     #[track_caller]
     fn try_read(&self) -> Option<Self::Value>;
 
     #[track_caller]
+    fn read(&self) -> Self::Value;
+}
+
+impl<T> Read for T
+where
+    T: Track + ReadUntracked,
+{
+    type Value = T::Value;
+
+    fn try_read(&self) -> Option<Self::Value> {
+        self.track();
+        self.try_read_untracked()
+    }
+
     fn read(&self) -> Self::Value {
-        self.try_read().unwrap_or_else(unwrap_signal!(self))
+        self.track();
+        self.read_untracked()
     }
 }
 
@@ -144,15 +172,15 @@ pub trait WithUntracked: DefinedAt {
 
 impl<T> WithUntracked for T
 where
-    T: DefinedAt + Readable,
+    T: DefinedAt + ReadUntracked,
 {
-    type Value = <<Self as Readable>::Value as Deref>::Target;
+    type Value = <<Self as ReadUntracked>::Value as Deref>::Target;
 
     fn try_with_untracked<U>(
         &self,
         fun: impl FnOnce(&Self::Value) -> U,
     ) -> Option<U> {
-        self.try_read().map(|value| fun(&value))
+        self.try_read_untracked().map(|value| fun(&value))
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/reactive_graph/tests/async_derived.rs b/reactive_graph/tests/async_derived.rs
index 1b64cc984..ff10fd2fc 100644
--- a/reactive_graph/tests/async_derived.rs
+++ b/reactive_graph/tests/async_derived.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use reactive_graph::{
     computed::{ArcAsyncDerived, AsyncDerived, AsyncState},
     executor::Executor,
     signal::RwSignal,
-    traits::{Get, Readable, Set, With, WithUntracked},
+    traits::{Get, Read, Set, With, WithUntracked},
 };
 
 #[cfg(feature = "tokio")]
diff --git a/reactive_graph/tests/signal.rs b/reactive_graph/tests/signal.rs
index 5058a9321..5cbbccb91 100644
--- a/reactive_graph/tests/signal.rs
+++ b/reactive_graph/tests/signal.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use reactive_graph::{
     signal::{arc_signal, signal, ArcRwSignal, RwSignal},
     traits::{
-        Get, GetUntracked, Readable, Set, Update, UpdateUntracked, With,
+        Get, GetUntracked, Read, Set, Update, UpdateUntracked, With,
         WithUntracked, Writeable,
     },
 };
diff --git a/tachys/src/reactive_graph/guards.rs b/tachys/src/reactive_graph/guards.rs
index 98c44af50..5e147664e 100644
--- a/tachys/src/reactive_graph/guards.rs
+++ b/tachys/src/reactive_graph/guards.rs
@@ -1,46 +1,271 @@
 //! Implements the [`Render`] and [`RenderHtml`] traits for signal guard types.
 
-use crate::{prelude::RenderHtml, renderer::Renderer, view::Render};
+use crate::{
+    hydration::Cursor,
+    prelude::RenderHtml,
+    renderer::{CastFrom, Renderer},
+    view::{
+        strings::StrState, InfallibleRender, Mountable, Position,
+        PositionState, Render, ToTemplate,
+    },
+};
 use reactive_graph::signal::SignalReadGuard;
+use std::{
+    fmt::Write,
+    net::{IpAddr, Ipv4Addr, Ipv6Addr, SocketAddr, SocketAddrV4, SocketAddrV6},
+    num::{
+        NonZeroI128, NonZeroI16, NonZeroI32, NonZeroI64, NonZeroI8,
+        NonZeroIsize, NonZeroU128, NonZeroU16, NonZeroU32, NonZeroU64,
+        NonZeroU8, NonZeroUsize,
+    },
+};
 
-impl<T, Rndr> Render<Rndr> for SignalReadGuard<T>
-where
-    T: PartialEq + Clone + Render<Rndr>,
-    Rndr: Renderer,
-{
-    type State = T::State;
+// any changes here should also be made in src/view/primitives.rs
+macro_rules! render_primitive {
+  ($($child_type:ty),* $(,)?) => {
+    $(
+		paste::paste! {
+			pub struct [<SignalReadGuard $child_type:camel State>]<R>(R::Text, $child_type) where R: Renderer;
+
+			impl<'a, R: Renderer> Mountable<R> for [<SignalReadGuard $child_type:camel State>]<R> {
+					fn unmount(&mut self) {
+						self.0.unmount()
+					}
+
+					fn mount(
+						&mut self,
+						parent: &<R as Renderer>::Element,
+						marker: Option<&<R as Renderer>::Node>,
+					) {
+						R::insert_node(parent, self.0.as_ref(), marker);
+					}
+
+					fn insert_before_this(
+						&self,
+						parent: &<R as Renderer>::Element,
+						child: &mut dyn Mountable<R>,
+					) -> bool {
+						child.mount(parent, Some(self.0.as_ref()));
+						true
+					}
+			}
+
+			impl<'a, R: Renderer> Render<R> for SignalReadGuard<$child_type> {
+				type State = [<SignalReadGuard $child_type:camel State>]<R>;
+
+				fn build(self) -> Self::State {
+					let node = R::create_text_node(&self.to_string());
+					[<SignalReadGuard $child_type:camel State>](node, *self)
+				}
+
+				fn rebuild(self, state: &mut Self::State) {
+					let [<SignalReadGuard $child_type:camel State>](node, this) = state;
+					if &self != this {
+                        crate::log(&format!("not equal"));
+						R::set_text(node, &self.to_string());
+						*this = *self;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			impl<'a> InfallibleRender for SignalReadGuard<$child_type> {}
+
+			impl<'a, R> RenderHtml<R> for SignalReadGuard<$child_type>
+			where
+				R: Renderer,
+				R::Node: Clone,
+				R::Element: Clone,
+			{
+				const MIN_LENGTH: usize = 0;
+
+				fn to_html_with_buf(self, buf: &mut String, position: &mut Position) {
+					// add a comment node to separate from previous sibling, if any
+					if matches!(position, Position::NextChildAfterText) {
+						buf.push_str("<!>")
+					}
+					write!(buf, "{}", self);
+					*position = Position::NextChildAfterText;
+				}
+
+				fn hydrate<const FROM_SERVER: bool>(
+					self,
+					cursor: &Cursor<R>,
+					position: &PositionState,
+				) -> Self::State {
+					if position.get() == Position::FirstChild {
+						cursor.child();
+					} else {
+						cursor.sibling();
+					}
+
+					// separating placeholder marker comes before text node
+					if matches!(position.get(), Position::NextChildAfterText) {
+						cursor.sibling();
+					}
+
+					let node = cursor.current();
+					let node = R::Text::cast_from(node)
+						.expect("couldn't cast text node from node");
+
+					if !FROM_SERVER {
+						R::set_text(&node, &self.to_string());
+					}
+					position.set(Position::NextChildAfterText);
+
+					[<SignalReadGuard $child_type:camel State>](node, *self)
+				}
+			}
+
+			impl<'a> ToTemplate for SignalReadGuard<$child_type> {
+				const TEMPLATE: &'static str = " <!>";
+
+				fn to_template(
+					buf: &mut String,
+					_class: &mut String,
+					_style: &mut String,
+					_inner_html: &mut String,
+					position: &mut Position,
+				) {
+					if matches!(*position, Position::NextChildAfterText) {
+						buf.push_str("<!>")
+					}
+					buf.push(' ');
+					*position = Position::NextChildAfterText;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+    )*
+  };
+}
+
+render_primitive![
+    usize,
+    u8,
+    u16,
+    u32,
+    u64,
+    u128,
+    isize,
+    i8,
+    i16,
+    i32,
+    i64,
+    i128,
+    f32,
+    f64,
+    char,
+    bool,
+    IpAddr,
+    SocketAddr,
+    SocketAddrV4,
+    SocketAddrV6,
+    Ipv4Addr,
+    Ipv6Addr,
+    NonZeroI8,
+    NonZeroU8,
+    NonZeroI16,
+    NonZeroU16,
+    NonZeroI32,
+    NonZeroU32,
+    NonZeroI64,
+    NonZeroU64,
+    NonZeroI128,
+    NonZeroU128,
+    NonZeroIsize,
+    NonZeroUsize,
+];
+
+// strings
+pub struct SignalReadGuardStringState<R: Renderer> {
+    node: R::Text,
+    str: String,
+}
+
+impl<R: Renderer> Render<R> for SignalReadGuard<String> {
+    type State = SignalReadGuardStringState<R>;
 
     fn build(self) -> Self::State {
-        todo!()
+        let node = R::create_text_node(&self);
+        SignalReadGuardStringState {
+            node,
+            str: self.to_string(),
+        }
     }
 
     fn rebuild(self, state: &mut Self::State) {
-        todo!()
+        let SignalReadGuardStringState { node, str } = state;
+        if *self != *str {
+            R::set_text(node, &self);
+            str.clear();
+            str.push_str(&self);
+        }
     }
 }
 
-impl<T, Rndr> RenderHtml<Rndr> for SignalReadGuard<T>
-where
-    T: PartialEq + Clone + RenderHtml<Rndr>,
-    Rndr: Renderer,
-    Rndr::Element: Clone,
-    Rndr::Node: Clone,
-{
-    const MIN_LENGTH: usize = T::MIN_LENGTH;
+impl InfallibleRender for SignalReadGuard<String> {}
 
-    fn to_html_with_buf(
-        self,
-        buf: &mut String,
-        position: &mut crate::view::Position,
-    ) {
-        todo!()
+impl<R> RenderHtml<R> for SignalReadGuard<String>
+where
+    R: Renderer,
+    R::Node: Clone,
+    R::Element: Clone,
+{
+    const MIN_LENGTH: usize = 0;
+
+    fn to_html_with_buf(self, buf: &mut String, position: &mut Position) {
+        <&str as RenderHtml<R>>::to_html_with_buf(&self, buf, position)
     }
 
     fn hydrate<const FROM_SERVER: bool>(
         self,
-        cursor: &crate::hydration::Cursor<Rndr>,
-        position: &crate::view::PositionState,
+        cursor: &Cursor<R>,
+        position: &PositionState,
     ) -> Self::State {
-        todo!()
+        let this: &str = self.as_ref();
+        let StrState { node, .. } =
+            this.hydrate::<FROM_SERVER>(cursor, position);
+        SignalReadGuardStringState {
+            node,
+            str: self.to_string(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToTemplate for SignalReadGuard<String> {
+    const TEMPLATE: &'static str = <&str as ToTemplate>::TEMPLATE;
+
+    fn to_template(
+        buf: &mut String,
+        class: &mut String,
+        style: &mut String,
+        inner_html: &mut String,
+        position: &mut Position,
+    ) {
+        <&str as ToTemplate>::to_template(
+            buf, class, style, inner_html, position,
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl<R: Renderer> Mountable<R> for SignalReadGuardStringState<R> {
+    fn unmount(&mut self) {
+        self.node.unmount()
+    }
+
+    fn mount(
+        &mut self,
+        parent: &<R as Renderer>::Element,
+        marker: Option<&<R as Renderer>::Node>,
+    ) {
+        R::insert_node(parent, self.node.as_ref(), marker);
+    }
+
+    fn insert_before_this(
+        &self,
+        parent: &<R as Renderer>::Element,
+        child: &mut dyn Mountable<R>,
+    ) -> bool {
+        child.mount(parent, Some(self.node.as_ref()));
+        true
     }
 }
diff --git a/tachys/src/view/primitives.rs b/tachys/src/view/primitives.rs
index 6f98a0727..724aa186a 100644
--- a/tachys/src/view/primitives.rs
+++ b/tachys/src/view/primitives.rs
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ use std::{
     },
 };
 
+// any changes here should also be made in src/reactive_graph/guards.rs
 macro_rules! render_primitive {
   ($($child_type:ty),* $(,)?) => {
     $(
diff --git a/tachys/src/view/strings.rs b/tachys/src/view/strings.rs
index 417104545..b692f8567 100644
--- a/tachys/src/view/strings.rs
+++ b/tachys/src/view/strings.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use crate::{
     hydration::Cursor,
     renderer::{CastFrom, Renderer},
 };
-use std::{rc::Rc, sync::Arc};
+use std::{borrow::Cow, rc::Rc, sync::Arc};
 
 pub struct StrState<'a, R: Renderer> {
     pub node: R::Text,
@@ -121,6 +121,7 @@ where
         true
     }
 }
+
 pub struct StringState<R: Renderer> {
     node: R::Text,
     str: String,
@@ -380,3 +381,90 @@ impl<R: Renderer> Mountable<R> for ArcStrState<R> {
         true
     }
 }
+
+pub struct CowStrState<'a, R: Renderer> {
+    node: R::Text,
+    str: Cow<'a, str>,
+}
+
+impl<'a, R: Renderer> Render<R> for Cow<'a, str> {
+    type State = CowStrState<'a, R>;
+
+    fn build(self) -> Self::State {
+        let node = R::create_text_node(&self);
+        CowStrState { node, str: self }
+    }
+
+    fn rebuild(self, state: &mut Self::State) {
+        let CowStrState { node, str } = state;
+        if self != *str {
+            R::set_text(node, &self);
+            *str = self;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> InfallibleRender for Cow<'a, str> {}
+
+impl<'a, R> RenderHtml<R> for Cow<'a, str>
+where
+    R: Renderer,
+    R::Node: Clone,
+    R::Element: Clone,
+{
+    const MIN_LENGTH: usize = 0;
+
+    fn to_html_with_buf(self, buf: &mut String, position: &mut Position) {
+        <&str as RenderHtml<R>>::to_html_with_buf(&self, buf, position)
+    }
+
+    fn hydrate<const FROM_SERVER: bool>(
+        self,
+        cursor: &Cursor<R>,
+        position: &PositionState,
+    ) -> Self::State {
+        let this: &str = self.as_ref();
+        let StrState { node, .. } =
+            this.hydrate::<FROM_SERVER>(cursor, position);
+        CowStrState { node, str: self }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> ToTemplate for Cow<'a, str> {
+    const TEMPLATE: &'static str = <&str as ToTemplate>::TEMPLATE;
+
+    fn to_template(
+        buf: &mut String,
+        class: &mut String,
+        style: &mut String,
+        inner_html: &mut String,
+        position: &mut Position,
+    ) {
+        <&str as ToTemplate>::to_template(
+            buf, class, style, inner_html, position,
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, R: Renderer> Mountable<R> for CowStrState<'a, R> {
+    fn unmount(&mut self) {
+        self.node.unmount()
+    }
+
+    fn mount(
+        &mut self,
+        parent: &<R as Renderer>::Element,
+        marker: Option<&<R as Renderer>::Node>,
+    ) {
+        R::insert_node(parent, self.node.as_ref(), marker);
+    }
+
+    fn insert_before_this(
+        &self,
+        parent: &<R as Renderer>::Element,
+        child: &mut dyn Mountable<R>,
+    ) -> bool {
+        child.mount(parent, Some(self.node.as_ref()));
+        true
+    }
+}