mirror of https://github.com/GNOME/gimp.git
removed this directory and its contents. The papers we used to keep here
2007-06-06 Sven Neumann <sven@gimp.org> * docs/papers: removed this directory and its contents. The papers we used to keep here are only of historical value. svn path=/trunk/; revision=22720
This commit is contained in:
Sven Neumann
Sven Neumann
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2007-06-06 Sven Neumann <sven@gimp.org>
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* docs/papers: removed this directory and its contents. The papers
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we used to keep here are only of historical value.
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2007-06-06 Michael Natterer <mitch@gimp.org>
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* libgimpthumb/Makefile.am
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@ -1,870 +0,0 @@
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%!PS-Adobe
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%%BoundingBox: 80 360 525 720
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%%BeginProlog
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/wpdict 300 dict def
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wpdict begin
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/d{bind def}bind def/l{load def}d/ec{exec def}d/cp/closepath l/cup/currentpoint l/cs/currentscreen l
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/cv/curveto l/drx{dtransform round x round x}d/f/eofill l/g/setgray l/gr/grestore l
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/gs/gsave l/ife{ifelse}d/ix/index l/li/lineto l/lc/setlinecap l
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/lj/setlinejoin l/m/moveto l/mx/matrix l/mcm{mx currentmatrix}d/sm/setmatrix l
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/np/newpath l/p/pop l/re/rotate l/rh/readhexstring l/rl/rlineto l/rm/rmoveto l/rs/restore l
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/setfl{dup 1 le{p 1 setflat}{setflat}ife}def/languagelevel where{p languagelevel}{1}ife
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2 lt{/sf{bzcnt 70 div setfl}d/fpath{bzcnt 4 div setflat}d}{/sf{}d/fpath{}d}ife
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/cf currentflat def/s{fpath flattenpath stroke}d/sc/scale l
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/sd/setdash l/ss/setscreen l/sv/save l/tr/translate l
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/w/setlinewidth l/x/exch l/xd{x def}d/c{3{255 div 3 1 roll}repeat setrgbcolor}d
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/h{0 rm}d
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/px{transform .25 sub round .25 add x .25 sub round .25 add x itransform}d
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cp3 0 4 rm gs ashow gr cp3 -4 0 rm gs ashow gr cp3 -4 0 rm gs ashow gr
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cp3 0 -4 rm gs ashow gr currentrgbcolor 6 3 roll 1 g 4 0 rm ashow setrgbcolor}d
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cp4 4 0 rm gs widthshow gr cp4 4 0 rm gs widthshow gr cp4 0 4 rm gs widthshow gr
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cp4 0 -4 rm gs widthshow gr currentrgbcolor 7 3 roll 1 g 4 0 rm widthshow setrgbcolor}d
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cp6 4 0 rm gs awidthshow gr cp6 4 0 rm gs awidthshow gr cp6 0 4 rm gs awidthshow gr
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cp6 0 -4 rm gs awidthshow gr currentrgbcolor 9 3 roll 1 g 4 0 rm awidthshow setrgbcolor}d
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osv 1 eq{0 pwid tr -90 re}if osv 2 eq{pwid plen tr 180 re}if
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osv 3 eq{plen 0 tr 90 re}if dup 1 eq{pwid 0 tr 90 re}if
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dup 2 eq{pwid plen tr 180 re}if dup 3 eq{0 plen tr -90 re}if/osv xd}d
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12 w cup -48 add m DUx DUy -48 add li s gr}d/ed{rs}d/ep{rs showpage 0 0 m}d
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3 1 roll tr dup 1 sc dup 1 1[5 -1 roll 0 0 1 0 0]{currentfile pstr rh p}
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cml 0 eq{image}{false 3 colorimage}ife rs}d/cexp{exstr 0 lutb 3 copy 7 -1 roll
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{get putinterval x 3 add x 3 copy}forall p p p p p}d/bwexp{dup 0 lutb 3 copy 7 -1 roll
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{get put x 1 add x 3 copy}forall p p p p p}d/NOM 0 def/INX 1 def/INY 2 def
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/rot xd/mir xd p3x p1x sub 1 add dup mul p1y p3y sub 1 add
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dup mul add sqrt/HTd xd p2y p1y sub 1 add dup mul p2x p1x
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sub 1 add dup mul add sqrt/WDd xd}def
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{mir INY eq{Ws Hs neg sc}{Ws neg Hs neg sc}ife}ife}ife}def
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/ic{sv 6 1 roll tr 2 ix 2 ix sc[3 ix 0 0 5 ix neg 0 7 ix]
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2 1 roll true 3 1 roll imagemask rs}d/ieps{/ury xd/urx xd/lly xd/llx xd idef
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ury lly sub/HTs xd urx llx sub/WDs xd
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WDd WDs div/Ws xd HTd HTs div/Hs xd
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p3x p3y tr rot re mirror llx neg lly neg tr}def
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idef p1x p1y m cup transform/cury xd/curx xd rot re
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[WDs 0 0 HTs neg 0 0]{currentfile pstr rh p
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clu 1 eq{cexp}if clu 2 eq{bwexp}if}
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imc 0 eq{image}{false 3 colorimage}ife rs}d
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dup 4 0 rm gs show gr dup 4 0 rm gs show gr dup 0 4 rm gs show gr
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dup 0 -4 rm gs show gr currentrgbcolor 4 3 roll 1 g 4 0 rm show setrgbcolor}d
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{1 ix/FID ne{def}{p p}ife}forall/UniqueID known{/UniqueID UniqueID 10000 add def}if
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findfont begin currentdict dup length dict begin
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currentdict dup end end/FontName get x definefont}
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/sh{/S/show l/A/ashow l/W/widthshow l/AW/awidthshow l/sF false def bF{B}if}d/sp{gs s gr}d/ssh{sv x gs psz 20 div dup neg rm dup show gr dup sv x
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currentfont/PaintType known{bf setfont}if 1 g show rs currentfont/PaintType known{currentfont mo setfont show}{osh}ife
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cup 3 -1 roll rs m}d/ST{cup/Sy xd/Sx xd}d
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/st{gs cup psz 4 div add mp Sx Sy psz 4 div add lp 10 w s gr}d
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/ul{cup osv plen pwid 7 -2 roll rs rs bp 6 1 roll co m}d/WPen StandardEncoding 256 array copy def 0
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[127/Aacute/Acircumflex/Adieresis/Agrave/Aring/Atilde/Ccedilla
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/Delta/Eacute/Ecircumflex/Edieresis/Egrave/Eth/Gamma/Iacute/Icircumflex/Idieresis/Igrave/Lambda/Ntilde/Oacute
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/Ocircumflex/Odieresis/Ograve/Omega/Otilde/Phi/Pi/Psi/Scaron/Sigma/TeXtext32/Theta/Thorn
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176/Pts
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181/dbar
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190/Hbar
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192/hbar
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201/Ldot
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204/ldot
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209/Uacute/Ucircumflex/Udieresis/Ugrave/Upsilon/Xi/Yacute
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/Ydieresis/Zcaron/aacute/acircumflex/adieresis/agrave/aring/atilde/brokenbar
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226/approxequal
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228/ccedilla/copyright/degree/divide
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236/dotlessj/eacute/ecircumflex/edieresis/egrave
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242/eth/ff/ffi
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246/ffl/iacute
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252/icircumflex/idieresis/igrave/logicalnot
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1/minus/mu/multiply/ntilde/oacute/ocircumflex/odieresis/ograve/onehalf/onequarter/onesuperior/otilde/plusminus
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/registered/scaron/thorn/threequarters/threesuperior/trademark/twosuperior/uacute/ucircumflex/udieresis
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/ugrave/yacute/ydieresis/zcaron/IJ/ij/Eng/eng
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]{dup type/nametype eq{WPen 2 ix 2 ix put p 1 add}{x
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p}ife}forall p/URy 0 def/URx 0 def/LLy 0 def/LLx 0 def/dxcg 0 def/dx1 0 def/dx2 0 def/dx3 0 def
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{/curstep curstep 1 sub def curstep 1 eq{p botg gd}{g}ife}ife}
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{cgc aload p dx3 sub 3 1 roll dx2 sub 3 1 roll
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dx1 sub 3 1 roll 3 array astore/cgc xd
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cgc aload p setrgbcolor}ife}d/box{LLx LLy m URx LLy li URx URy li LLx URy li cp s}def
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/calcdx{sub gsteps 1 sub div 255 div}def
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/computegdx{topg botg calcdx/dxcg xd}def/computeRGBdx{mark tgc aload p bgc aload p
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3 ix 1 ix calcdx/dx3 xd 4 ix 2 ix calcdx/dx2 xd
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5 ix 3 ix calcdx/dx1 xd cleartomark}def
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{tgc aload p c currentrgbcolor 3 array astore/cgc xd}ife}def/lgf{/steps gsteps def
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ry 1 ne{stclr/gf{add}def/top URy LLy sub ry mul LLy add def
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/lw URy top sub steps .5 sub div def lgfdo}if
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stclr/gf{sub}def
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ry 1 ne{/lw top LLy sub steps .5 sub div def}if lgfdo}def
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/lgfdo{ry 1 ne{/center top def lw 2 div w
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LLx center lw 4 div gf m URx center lw 4 div gf li s
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/center center lw gf def LLx center m dxcolor}
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{/lw URy LLy sub steps div def/top URy lw 2 div sub def
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/center top def LLx top m/steps steps 1 add def}ife
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lw w steps 1 sub dup/curstep xd{URx center li s center lw gf/center xd
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LLx center m dxcolor}repeat/curstep -1 def}def/sgf{/steps gsteps .5 sub def
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/midx URx LLx sub 1 rx sub mul def/midy URy LLy sub ry mul def
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/dw width steps div def/dl height steps div def
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width w stclr/xpos LLx def/ypos URy def/lw width def/lh height def
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gsteps{xpos lw 2 div add ypos m xpos lw 2 div add ypos
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lh sub li s/lw lw dw sub def/lh lh dl sub def/xpos xpos dx add def/ypos ypos dy sub def
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lw w dxcolor}repeat/curstep -1 def}def
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/dfc{dup mul x dup mul add sqrt dup dis gt{/dis xd}{p}ife}def
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/fdis{URx LLx sub rx mul LLx add/midx xd
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URy LLy sub ry mul LLy add/midy xd
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/width URx LLx sub def/gcx width rx mul def/height URy LLy sub def/gcy height ry mul def
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gcx gcy dfc width gcx sub gcy dfc
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width gcx sub height gcy sub dfc gcx height gcy sub dfc}def/rgf{/steps gsteps def
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fdis/lw dis steps .5 sub div def/radius lw def lw 2 div w stclr
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midx lw 2 div sub midy m midx midy radius 2 div 0 361 arc s lw w
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steps 1 sub
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dup/curstep xd/curstep curstep 1 add def
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{dxcolor midx midy radius 0 361 arc s/radius radius lw add def}repeat/curstep -1 def}def
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/gf{fpath flattenpath/gsteps xd/grot xd/gtype xd/ry x 100 div def/rx x 100 div def
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cml 0 eq{gtype 1 eq{x}if/botg xd/topg xd}{gtype 1 eq{6 3 roll}if
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3 array astore/bgc xd
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3 array astore/tgc xd}ife
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sv[]0 sd eoclip gsteps 1 eq
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{stclr f}{mcm 3 get 0 gt{/grot grot 180 add def}if grot re extents
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gsteps 0 eq{csteps}if
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ccdx gtype 0 eq
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{lgf}{gtype 1 eq{sgf}{rgf}ife}ife}ife rs}d/csteps{fdis dis 72 div fr mul cs p p dup xres
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eq{p p/gsteps xres def}{div/gsteps x round cvi dup 1 le{p 2}if def}ife}def
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/ssf{dup 0 eq{p}{cs 3 ix 3 1 roll ss p p}ife}d/ssa{cs 4 1 roll p 1 ix 4 -1 roll ss p}d
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/invalidcolortable? true def
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/PATsc{aload length dup 1 eq{p dup null eq{p}{gd}ife}{p c}ife}d
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/PATtcalc{gs x concat mcm x 2 ne{dup 4 get x dup 5 get x
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XStep 0 drx XStep div x XStep div x 0 YStep drx YStep div x YStep div x
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7 -3 roll astore}if gr}d
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/PATmp{x dup length 7 add dict copy begin TilingType PATtcalc
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/cm xd currentdict/Multi known not{/Multi 1 def}if/FontType 3 def/Encoding 256 array def
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3 string 0 1 255{Encoding x dup 3 ix cvs cvn put}for p
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/FontMatrix mx def/FontBBox BBox def/BuildChar{mark 3 1 roll x begin
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Multi 1 ne{PaintData x get}{p}ife PaintType 2 eq Multi 1 ne or
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{XStep 0 FontBBox aload p setcachedevice}{XStep 0 setcharwidth}ife currentdict/PaintProc load
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end gs false PATredef exec true PATredef gr
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cleartomark}d currentdict end/foo x definefont}d
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/PATpcalc{PATDict/CurrentPattern get begin gs
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cm sm BBox aload p p p tr pathbbox
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gr YStep div ceiling 4 1 roll XStep div ceiling 4 1 roll
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YStep div floor 4 1 roll XStep div floor 4 1 roll
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2 ix sub cvi abs x 3 ix sub cvi abs x
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4 2 roll YStep mul x XStep mul x end}d/PATfill{sv 5 1 roll PATDict/CurrentPattern get dup begin
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setfont cm sm PaintType 2 eq{PATDict/PColor get PATsc}if
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3 ix string 0 1 Multi 1 sub{3 ix 3 ix m
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Multi 1 ne{dup PaintColors x get PATsc}if
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0 1 7 ix 1 sub{2 ix x 2 ix put}for p
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3 ix{cup 2 ix show YStep add m}repeat}for
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5{p}repeat end rs}d/oldeofill/eofill l
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/oldfill/fill l/oldstroke/stroke l/oldshow/show l/oldwidthshow/widthshow l/PATredef{userdict begin
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{/eofill{/eoclip load PATdraw np}d/fill{/clip load PATdraw np}d
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/stroke{PATstroke}d/show{0 0 null 0 0 6 -1 roll PATawidthshow}d
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/widthshow{0 0 3 -1 roll PATawidthshow}d}{/eofill{oldeofill}d
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/fill{oldfill}d/stroke{oldstroke}d/show{oldshow}d/widthshow{oldwidthshow}d}ife end}d
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false PATredef
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/PATdraw{PATpcalc gs 5 -1 roll exec np PATfill gr}d
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/PATstroke{{cup strokepath m PATpcalc gs clip np PATfill gr np}stopped
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{0.1 g oldstroke (Path is too complex, filling with light gray)=}if}d
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/PATsstr 1 string def/PATawidthshow{{dup PATsstr dup 0 4 -1 roll put
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false charpath/clip load PATdraw cup np m
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3 ix eq{4 ix 4 ix rm}if 2 copy rm}forall
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p p p p p cup np m}d/PATDict 3 dict def/PATsp{true PATredef PATDict begin/CurrentPattern xd
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CurrentPattern/PaintType get 2 eq{/PColor xd}if/CColor[currentrgbcolor]def end}d
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/PATusp{false PATredef PATDict begin CColor aload p c end p}d
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/pdictt 20 dict def
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pdictt begin/dummy null def/PaintType 1 def/PatternType 1 def/TilingType 2 def/BBox[0 0 1 1]def
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/XStep 1 def/YStep 1 def/Multi 2 def/PaintData[{0 0 m 0 1 rl 1 0 rl 0 -1 rl cp
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PaintColors 0 get aload p null ne{f}if p p}
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{ptw pth true[ptw 0 0 pth neg 0 ptw]{Bitmap}imagemask}]def
|
||||
/PaintProc{begin exec end}d end/makedict{pdictt 20 dict copy dup begin
|
||||
x/Bitmap xd x/PaintColors xd gs initmatrix 1 1 drx idtransform sc
|
||||
[ptws 0 0 pths 0 0]PATmp gr end}d
|
||||
/setpat{/pth xd/ptw xd/pths xd/ptws xd makedict/instpat xd instpat PATsp}d/unsetpat{instpat PATusp}d
|
||||
/snl{{/noload sv def}if}d/enl{{noload rs}if}d/nc 1 def
|
||||
/colorimage where{p true}{false}ife{/nc 0
|
||||
statusdict begin/processcolors where{p p processcolors}
|
||||
{/deviceinfo where{p deviceinfo/Colors known
|
||||
{p{deviceinfo/Colors get}}if}if}ife end def
|
||||
nc 0 ne{systemdict/colorimage known
|
||||
systemdict/setcolortransfer known
|
||||
systemdict/currentcolortransfer known
|
||||
systemdict/currentcmykcolor known
|
||||
and and and not{/nc 0 def}if}if}if
|
||||
nc dup 1 ne x dup 3 ne x 4 ne and and{/nc 0 def}if
|
||||
nc 1 eq dup dup not snl{
|
||||
/expandbw{expandfactor mul round cvi bwclut x get 255 div}d
|
||||
/doclutimage{p/bwclut xd bpc dup 8 eq{p 255}{4 eq{15}{3}ife}ife
|
||||
/expandfactor xd[/expandbw load/exec load dup currenttransfer x]
|
||||
cvx bind settransfer
|
||||
iw ih bpc[1 0 0 -1 0 ih]setupimageproc
|
||||
image}d}if
|
||||
not enl
|
||||
nc dup 3 eq x 4 eq or
|
||||
dup dup not snl{/nullproc{{}}def
|
||||
/concatutil{/exec load 7 -1 roll/exec load}d/defsubclut{1 add getinterval def}d
|
||||
/spconcattransfer{/Dclut x def/Cclut x def/Bclut x def/Aclut x def/ncompute x l
|
||||
currentcolortransfer[{Aclut ncompute}concatutil]cvx[{Bclut ncompute}concatutil]cvx
|
||||
[{Cclut ncompute}concatutil]cvx[{Dclut ncompute}concatutil]cvx
|
||||
setcolortransfer}d/setuprgbcluts{/bit3x rgbclut length 3 sub def
|
||||
/bit1x bit3x 3 idiv def/rclut rgbclut def/gclut rclut 1 bit3x defsubclut
|
||||
/bclut rclut 2 bit3x defsubclut}d}if not enl
|
||||
nc 3 eq dup dup not snl{/3compute{x bit3x mul round cvi get 255 div}d
|
||||
/doclutimage{/rgbclut xd p setuprgbcluts/3compute rclut gclut bclut dup
|
||||
spconcattransfer iw ih bpc[1 0 0 -1 0 ih][setupimageproc/exec load/dup load dup]cvx
|
||||
nullproc nullproc true 3 colorimage}d}if not enl
|
||||
nc 4 eq
|
||||
dup dup not snl{/stuffclut{cmykindex 3 -1 roll put}d
|
||||
/ftoint{1 x sub 255 mul round cvi}d/4compute{x bit4x mul round cvi get 255 div}d
|
||||
/computecmykclut{setuprgbcluts/bit4x rgbclut length 3 idiv 4 mul 4 sub def
|
||||
/cmykclut bit4x 4 add string def/cclut cmykclut def
|
||||
/mclut cclut 1 bit4x defsubclut/yclut cclut 2 bit4x defsubclut
|
||||
/kclut cclut 3 bit4x defsubclut/cmykindex 0 def
|
||||
0 1 bit1x{dup/cmykindex x
|
||||
bit1x x sub 4 mul def 3 mul dup rclut x get 255 div
|
||||
x dup gclut x get 255 div x bclut x get 255 div
|
||||
setrgbcolor currentcmykcolor ftoint kclut stuffclut
|
||||
ftoint yclut stuffclut ftoint mclut stuffclut
|
||||
ftoint cclut stuffclut}for}d/doclutimage{/rgbclut xd p invalidcolortable?
|
||||
{computecmykclut}if/4compute cclut mclut yclut kclut spconcattransfer
|
||||
iw ih bpc[1 0 0 -1 0 ih][setupimageproc/exec load/dup load dup dup]cvx
|
||||
nullproc nullproc nullproc true 4 colorimage}d}if not enl
|
||||
nc 0 eq dup dup not
|
||||
snl{/las{3 mul 3 getinterval putinterval x
|
||||
3 add x 3 copy}d/8lookup/las l/4lookup{/byte 1 ix def -4 bitshift
|
||||
las byte 15 and las}d
|
||||
/2lookup{/byte 1 ix def -6 bitshift las
|
||||
byte -4 bitshift 3 and las byte -2 bitshift
|
||||
3 and las byte 3 and las}d/colorexpand{mystringexp 0 rgbclut
|
||||
3 copy 7 -1 roll/mylookup load forall p p p p p}d
|
||||
/createexpandstr{/mystringexp x mystring length mul string def}d
|
||||
/doclutimage{/rgbclut xd p/mylookup bpc 8 eq
|
||||
{3 createexpandstr/8lookup}{bpc 4 eq{6 createexpandstr/4lookup}{12 createexpandstr
|
||||
/2lookup}ife}ife l iw ih bpc[1 0 0 -1 0 ih]
|
||||
[setupimageproc/exec load/colorexpand load/exec load]cvx
|
||||
false 3 colorimage}d}if not enl
|
||||
/colorimage where{p true}{false}ife dup{/do24image{iw ih 8[1 0 0 -1 0 ih]
|
||||
setupimageproc false 3 colorimage}d}if
|
||||
dup dup snl not{/rgbtogray{/str xd/len str length def/smlen len 3 idiv def
|
||||
/rstr str def/gstr str 1 len 1 sub getinterval def/bstr str 2 len 2 sub getinterval def
|
||||
str dup 0 1 smlen 1 sub{dup 3 mul rstr 1 ix get .3 mul
|
||||
gstr 2 ix get .59 mul add bstr 3 -1 roll get .11 mul add
|
||||
round cvi put dup}for p 0 smlen getinterval}d/do24image{iw ih 8[1 0 0 -1 0 ih]
|
||||
[setupimageproc/exec load/rgbtogray load/exec load]cvx bind
|
||||
image}d}if enl/doimage{iw ih 8[1 0 0 -1 0 ih]setupimageproc image}d
|
||||
/setup1asciiproc{[currentfile mystring/rh cvx/p cvx]cvx bind}d
|
||||
/setup1binaryproc{[currentfile mystring/readstring cvx/p cvx]cvx bind}d
|
||||
/iw 0 def/ih 0 def/im_save 0 def/setupimageproc 0 def/polarity 0 def
|
||||
/smoothflag 0 def/mystring 0 def/bpc 0 def/beginimage{/im_save sv def dup 0 eq
|
||||
{p/setup1binaryproc}{1 eq{/setup1asciiproc}
|
||||
{(error, can't use level2 data acquisition procs for level1)print flush}ife}ife
|
||||
/setupimageproc x l/polarity xd/smoothflag xd tr sc/mystring x string def/bpc xd/ih xd/iw xd}d
|
||||
/endimage{im_save rs np}d/1bitbwcopyimage{1 g 0 0 m 0 1 rl 1 0 rl 0 -1 rl cp fill
|
||||
0 g iw ih polarity[1 0 0 -1 0 ih]setupimageproc imagemask}d/1bitcopyimage{setrgbcolor
|
||||
0 0 m 0 1 rl 1 0 rl 0 -1 rl cp fill
|
||||
setrgbcolor iw ih polarity[1 0 0 -1 0 ih]setupimageproc
|
||||
imagemask}d/1bitmaskimage{setrgbcolor
|
||||
iw ih polarity[1 0 0 -1 0 ih]setupimageproc
|
||||
imagemask}d
|
||||
/BeginEPSF{end
|
||||
userdict begin/showpage{}def
|
||||
/b4 sv def/d_cnt countdictstack def/op_cnt count 1 sub def
|
||||
0 setgray 0 setlinecap 1 setlinewidth 0 setlinejoin
|
||||
10 setmiterlimit[]0 setdash newpath/languagelevel where{p languagelevel 1 ne
|
||||
{false setstrokeadjust false setoverprint}if}if}d
|
||||
end
|
||||
userdict begin/EndEPSF{count op_cnt sub{pop}repeat
|
||||
countdictstack d_cnt sub{end}repeat b4 end restore wpdict begin}bind def end
|
||||
%%EndProlog
|
||||
/#copies 1 def wpdict begin
|
||||
bd
|
||||
/cml 1 def
|
||||
letter
|
||||
%%Page: 1 1
|
||||
|
||||
bp
|
||||
0 13200 10200 co
|
||||
/HelveticaR 498 ff
|
||||
0 13200 10200 co
|
||||
mcm
|
||||
1404 11979 tr
|
||||
1 -1 sc np 0 0 m
|
||||
13 0 li 13 5937 li 0 5937 li cp
|
||||
0 255 div g
|
||||
[] 0 sd 13 w 0 lj 0 lc fill np 0 0 m
|
||||
7293 0 li 7293 13 li 0 13 li cp
|
||||
0 255 div g
|
||||
fill np 7280 0 m
|
||||
7293 0 li 7293 5937 li 7280 5937 li cp
|
||||
0 255 div g
|
||||
fill np 0 5924 m
|
||||
7293 5924 li 7293 5937 li 0 5937 li cp
|
||||
0 255 div g
|
||||
fill 0 w 0 lc sm
|
||||
icl
|
||||
mcm
|
||||
1420 11963 tr
|
||||
1 -1 sc mcm
|
||||
np 0 0 m
|
||||
7264 0 li 7264 5908 li 0 5908 li cp
|
||||
icl clip 0.0 147.0 tr
|
||||
1.0 -1.0 sc 0.0 -5613.0 tr
|
||||
3632.0 2806.5 tr
|
||||
0.55030 0.55029 sc -6600.0 -5100.0 tr
|
||||
0 255 div g
|
||||
2 lj 0 lc mcm
|
||||
[0.41131 0.0 0.0 0.41131 693.0 3299.0 ] concat
|
||||
mcm
|
||||
[0.99395 0.0 0.0 0.99395 1.0 1.0 ] concat
|
||||
mcm
|
||||
[1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 5181.0 3796.0 ] concat
|
||||
np 0 6037 m
|
||||
439 0 li 5524 1868 li 5102 5516 li cp
|
||||
61 w s bzcl sm
|
||||
mcm
|
||||
[1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 393.0 3666.0 ] concat
|
||||
np 4507 6240 m
|
||||
1596 4835 li 1612 3880 li 0 2982 li 563 29 li 4992 0 li cp
|
||||
s bzcl sm
|
||||
mcm
|
||||
[1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 5635.0 4607.0 ] concat
|
||||
np 0 4763 m
|
||||
485 0 li 4617 1289 li 4304 4358 li cp
|
||||
s bzcl sm
|
||||
mcm
|
||||
[1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 757.0 4141.0 ] concat
|
||||
mcm
|
||||
[1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 90.0 2276.0 ] concat
|
||||
np 0 0 m
|
||||
1142 521 li s bzcl sm
|
||||
mcm
|
||||
[1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 246.0 1509.0 ] concat
|
||||
np 0 0 m
|
||||
1111 448 li s bzcl sm
|
||||
mcm
|
||||
[1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 372.0 770.0 ] concat
|
||||
np 0 0 m
|
||||
1032 333 li s bzcl sm
|
||||
mcm
|
||||
[1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 528.0 90.0 ] concat
|
||||
np 0 0 m
|
||||
939 87 li s bzcl sm
|
||||
sm
|
||||
mcm
|
||||
[1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1113.0 945.0 ] concat
|
||||
np 0 2533 m
|
||||
16 723 li 4913 0 li 4522 2490 li cp
|
||||
61 w s bzcl sm
|
||||
mcm
|
||||
[1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 5870.0 1031.0 ] concat
|
||||
np 0 2476 m
|
||||
438 0 li 4929 2751 li 4851 4314 li cp
|
||||
s bzcl sm
|
||||
mcm
|
||||
[1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 6918.0 366.0 ] concat
|
||||
np 0 390 m
|
||||
47 839 li 3662 115 li 3318 0 li cp
|
||||
s bzcl sm
|
||||
mcm
|
||||
[1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 7169.0 612.0 ] concat
|
||||
np 0 752 m
|
||||
3662 0 li 5399 2663 li 3896 3025 li cp
|
||||
s bzcl sm
|
||||
mcm
|
||||
[1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 10971.0 1437.0 ] concat
|
||||
np 830 1201 m
|
||||
0 0 li s bzcl sm
|
||||
mcm
|
||||
[1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 10612.0 858.0 ] concat
|
||||
np 156 246 m
|
||||
0 0 li s bzcl sm
|
||||
mcm
|
||||
[1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 11942.0 2855.0 ] concat
|
||||
np 203 305 m
|
||||
0 0 li s bzcl sm
|
||||
mcm
|
||||
[1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 8092.0 1509.0 ] concat
|
||||
np 0 0 m
|
||||
3052 1868 li s bzcl sm
|
||||
mcm
|
||||
[1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 9234.0 1379.0 ] concat
|
||||
np 0 0 m
|
||||
1894 1766 li s bzcl sm
|
||||
mcm
|
||||
[1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 10283.0 1176.0 ] concat
|
||||
np 0 0 m
|
||||
1189 1723 li s bzcl sm
|
||||
mcm
|
||||
[1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 11410.0 3174.0 ] concat
|
||||
np 0 58 m
|
||||
281 0 li s bzcl sm
|
||||
mcm
|
||||
[1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 9829.0 1306.0 ] concat
|
||||
np 0 0 m
|
||||
1315 1521 li s bzcl sm
|
||||
mcm
|
||||
[1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 8796.0 1553.0 ] concat
|
||||
np 0 0 m
|
||||
1565 1158 li s bzcl sm
|
||||
mcm
|
||||
[1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 366.0 398.0 ] concat
|
||||
27 bzct np 6318 329 m
|
||||
5866 112 5497 7 5207 11 cv
|
||||
4917 15 4814 313 4581 358 cv
|
||||
4348 403 4125 255 3814 286 cv
|
||||
3503 317 3038 536 2719 547 cv
|
||||
2400 558 2182 325 1905 358 cv
|
||||
1628 391 1376 638 1060 749 cv
|
||||
744 860 105 880 11 1024 cv
|
||||
-83 1168 78 1366 496 1618 cv
|
||||
s bzcl sm
|
||||
mcm
|
||||
[1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 9512.0 4426.0 ] concat
|
||||
6 bzct np -12 -7 m
|
||||
466 184 784 309 943 369 cv
|
||||
s bzcl sm
|
||||
mcm
|
||||
[1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 6261.0 2798.0 ] concat
|
||||
np mcm
|
||||
219 217 tr
|
||||
219 217 sc 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 360.0 arc sm
|
||||
s bzcl sm
|
||||
mcm
|
||||
[1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 6465.0 2030.0 ] concat
|
||||
np mcm
|
||||
117 152 tr
|
||||
117 152 sc 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 360.0 arc sm
|
||||
s bzcl sm
|
||||
mcm
|
||||
[1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 8921.0 3160.0 ] concat
|
||||
np 0 1056 m
|
||||
94 0 li s bzcl sm
|
||||
mcm
|
||||
[1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 9626.0 3507.0 ] concat
|
||||
np 0 507 m
|
||||
47 0 li 954 536 li 892 883 li cp
|
||||
s bzcl sm
|
||||
mcm
|
||||
[1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 9829.0 3883.0 ] concat
|
||||
np 0 0 m
|
||||
516 275 li 27 255 div g
|
||||
gs
|
||||
eofill gr
|
||||
0 255 div g
|
||||
s bzcl sm
|
||||
sm
|
||||
mcm
|
||||
[1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 6118.0 6244.0 ] concat
|
||||
np 764 1872 m
|
||||
0 1914 li 202 0 li 943 250 li 876 978 li 539 936 li 49 w s bzcl sm
|
||||
mcm
|
||||
[1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 7264.0 8095.0 ] concat
|
||||
np 0 42 m
|
||||
607 0 li s bzcl sm
|
||||
mcm
|
||||
[1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 7376.0 6556.0 ] concat
|
||||
np 0 0 m
|
||||
607 166 li s bzcl sm
|
||||
mcm
|
||||
[1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 7578.0 6618.0 ] concat
|
||||
np 90 0 m
|
||||
0 1477 li s bzcl sm
|
||||
mcm
|
||||
[1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 8230.0 6743.0 ] concat
|
||||
np 68 0 m
|
||||
0 1352 li 360 832 li 517 1373 li 629 187 li s bzcl sm
|
||||
mcm
|
||||
[1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 9084.0 6930.0 ] concat
|
||||
np 90 0 m
|
||||
0 1124 li 405 1103 li 427 666 li 45 583 li s bzcl sm
|
||||
sm
|
||||
mcm
|
||||
[1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 8285.0 5727.0 ] concat
|
||||
np 0 1643 m
|
||||
0 0 li 3011 0 li 3011 2974 li 2292 1643 li 2292 2225 li 1663 1643 li 1663 2163 li 1101 1643 li 1101 2121 li 584 1643 li 584 2100 li cp
|
||||
s bzcl sm
|
||||
mcm
|
||||
[1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 8170.0 1414.0 ] concat
|
||||
mcm
|
||||
[1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 407.0 378.0 ] concat
|
||||
np 438 438 438 0.0 360.0 arc s bzcl sm
|
||||
mcm
|
||||
[1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 53.0 24.0 ] concat
|
||||
mcm
|
||||
[1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 295.0 295.0 ] concat
|
||||
np 498 927 m
|
||||
516 1010 li 694 982 li 682 905 li 795 829 li 842 856 li 943 719 li 901 691 li 937 516 li 1002 516 li 967 307 li 895 329 li 812 198 li 848 121 li 676 33 li 652 93 li 516 60 li 504 0 li 332 33 li 350 88 li 201 170 li 160 132 li 59 252 li 130 285 li 77 423 li 12 406 li 0 576 li 71 576 li 124 719 li 65 757 li 172 883 li 219 823 li 290 878 li 267 955 li 373 988 li 391 916 li cp
|
||||
s bzcl sm
|
||||
mcm
|
||||
[1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 831.0 259.0 ] concat
|
||||
mcm
|
||||
[1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 355.0 349.0 ] concat
|
||||
np 831 831 831 0.0 360.0 arc s bzcl sm
|
||||
mcm
|
||||
[1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 294.0 294.0 ] concat
|
||||
np 184 433 m
|
||||
137 384 li 255 241 li 314 291 li 433 203 li 409 137 li 540 66 li 575 115 li 735 77 li 724 11 li 919 0 li 919 55 li 1073 77 li 1103 5 li 1275 82 li 1240 132 li 1376 214 li 1423 170 li 1530 274 li 1483 313 li 1578 411 li 1643 395 li 1708 527 li 1643 554 li 1690 675 li 1761 669 li 1785 801 li 1726 818 li 1708 960 li 1767 988 li 1755 1125 li 1696 1125 li 1649 1246 li 1714 1289 li 1625 1405 li 1578 1355 li 1477 1476 li 1518 1503 li 1412 1608 li 1376 1553 li 1245 1641 li 1275 1690 li 1127 1739 li 1109 1684 li 955 1706 li 955 1761 li 818 1767 li 807 1706 li 658 1673 li 617 1739 li 486 1673 li 504 1608 li 386 1553 li 338 1597 li 249 1503 li 285 1459 li 225 1372 li 166 1394 li 101 1289 li 148 1256 li 107 1141 li 30 1136 li 6 999 li 65 988 li 59 845 li 0 823 li 30 675 li 89 669 li cp
|
||||
s bzcl sm
|
||||
sm
|
||||
sm
|
||||
sm
|
||||
mcm
|
||||
np 9746 5165 m
|
||||
9746 4375 li 157 w s bzcl np 9746 5560 m
|
||||
9926 4999 li 9746 5144 li 9566 4999 li 9746 5560 li cp
|
||||
0 w 1 lc gs
|
||||
eofill gr
|
||||
s bzcl np 9746 3959 m
|
||||
9566 4520 li 9746 4396 li 9926 4520 li 9746 3959 li cp
|
||||
gs
|
||||
eofill gr
|
||||
s bzcl sm
|
||||
mcm
|
||||
[1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 8397.0 8751.0 ] concat
|
||||
0.0 0.0 tr
|
||||
mcm
|
||||
0.0 194.0 tr
|
||||
np 28 152 m
|
||||
32 128 32 112 36 100 cv
|
||||
40 88 48 76 56 60 cv
|
||||
92 16 148 -8 228 -8 cv
|
||||
256 -8 280 -4 300 0 cv
|
||||
320 8 336 16 352 28 cv
|
||||
392 56 412 96 412 140 cv
|
||||
412 168 404 192 392 208 cv
|
||||
380 220 372 232 364 236 cv
|
||||
356 240 340 248 316 256 cv
|
||||
168 316 li
|
||||
156 320 148 324 140 328 cv
|
||||
136 336 132 344 132 352 cv
|
||||
132 368 140 380 156 388 cv
|
||||
172 400 192 404 216 404 cv
|
||||
240 404 260 400 276 388 cv
|
||||
288 376 300 356 304 332 cv
|
||||
400 332 li
|
||||
396 380 380 416 352 444 cv
|
||||
316 472 272 484 212 484 cv
|
||||
160 484 120 472 88 444 cv
|
||||
56 416 40 384 40 340 cv
|
||||
40 328 40 316 44 300 cv
|
||||
48 288 56 276 60 268 cv
|
||||
76 252 96 236 132 224 cv
|
||||
276 168 li
|
||||
304 156 316 144 316 128 cv
|
||||
316 112 308 96 292 88 cv
|
||||
276 76 252 72 228 72 cv
|
||||
204 72 184 76 164 84 cv
|
||||
152 92 144 100 140 108 cv
|
||||
132 120 128 132 124 152 cv
|
||||
cp
|
||||
49 w 0 lc gs
|
||||
eofill gr
|
||||
s bzcl 438.0 0.0 tr
|
||||
np 344 224 m
|
||||
336 268 320 300 296 324 cv
|
||||
268 344 232 356 184 356 cv
|
||||
132 356 92 340 64 308 cv
|
||||
36 276 20 232 20 176 cv
|
||||
20 116 36 72 64 40 cv
|
||||
92 8 132 -8 184 -8 cv
|
||||
232 -8 268 4 292 28 cv
|
||||
320 52 336 84 344 132 cv
|
||||
252 132 li
|
||||
244 108 236 92 228 80 cv
|
||||
216 72 204 68 188 68 cv
|
||||
164 68 152 72 140 84 cv
|
||||
132 92 128 104 124 120 cv
|
||||
116 140 116 156 116 176 cv
|
||||
116 212 124 236 136 256 cv
|
||||
148 276 164 284 188 284 cv
|
||||
208 284 220 280 228 272 cv
|
||||
240 260 248 248 252 224 cv
|
||||
cp
|
||||
gs
|
||||
eofill gr
|
||||
s bzcl 365.0 0.0 tr
|
||||
np 44 348 m
|
||||
44 -4 li
|
||||
136 -4 li
|
||||
136 172 li
|
||||
136 232 164 260 216 260 cv
|
||||
228 260 li
|
||||
244 260 li
|
||||
244 356 li
|
||||
228 356 li
|
||||
224 356 li
|
||||
208 356 192 348 176 336 cv
|
||||
160 324 144 312 136 292 cv
|
||||
136 348 li
|
||||
cp
|
||||
gs
|
||||
eofill gr
|
||||
s bzcl 255.0 0.0 tr
|
||||
np 44 348 m
|
||||
44 0 li
|
||||
136 0 li
|
||||
136 348 li
|
||||
cp
|
||||
44 476 m
|
||||
44 392 li
|
||||
136 392 li
|
||||
136 476 li
|
||||
cp
|
||||
gs
|
||||
eofill gr
|
||||
s bzcl 182.0 0.0 tr
|
||||
np 44 348 m
|
||||
44 -132 li
|
||||
140 -132 li
|
||||
140 52 li
|
||||
152 28 168 16 184 4 cv
|
||||
196 -4 216 -8 236 -8 cv
|
||||
284 -8 316 8 340 44 cv
|
||||
368 76 380 120 380 176 cv
|
||||
380 232 368 276 344 308 cv
|
||||
320 340 288 356 244 356 cv
|
||||
224 356 204 352 188 344 cv
|
||||
172 332 156 320 140 300 cv
|
||||
140 348 li
|
||||
cp
|
||||
136 176 m
|
||||
136 208 144 232 156 248 cv
|
||||
168 268 188 276 212 276 cv
|
||||
236 276 256 268 268 248 cv
|
||||
284 232 288 208 288 176 cv
|
||||
288 144 280 116 268 100 cv
|
||||
252 80 236 72 212 72 cv
|
||||
188 72 168 80 156 100 cv
|
||||
140 116 136 144 136 176 cv
|
||||
cp
|
||||
gs
|
||||
eofill gr
|
||||
s bzcl 401.0 0.0 tr
|
||||
np 12 348 m
|
||||
12 284 li
|
||||
56 284 li
|
||||
56 104 li
|
||||
56 84 56 68 56 60 cv
|
||||
60 52 60 44 64 36 cv
|
||||
72 8 104 -8 152 -8 cv
|
||||
168 -8 184 -8 204 -4 cv
|
||||
204 64 li
|
||||
192 64 li
|
||||
172 64 160 64 156 68 cv
|
||||
148 72 148 80 148 96 cv
|
||||
148 284 li
|
||||
204 284 li
|
||||
204 348 li
|
||||
148 348 li
|
||||
148 440 li
|
||||
56 440 li
|
||||
56 348 li
|
||||
cp
|
||||
gs
|
||||
eofill gr
|
||||
s bzcl 218.0 0.0 tr
|
||||
np 16 220 m
|
||||
16 136 li
|
||||
200 136 li
|
||||
200 220 li
|
||||
cp
|
||||
gs
|
||||
eofill gr
|
||||
s bzcl 218.0 0.0 tr
|
||||
np 44 476 m
|
||||
44 4 li
|
||||
144 4 li
|
||||
144 204 li
|
||||
348 204 li
|
||||
348 284 li
|
||||
144 284 li
|
||||
144 392 li
|
||||
380 392 li
|
||||
380 476 li
|
||||
cp
|
||||
gs
|
||||
eofill gr
|
||||
s bzcl 401.0 0.0 tr
|
||||
np 40 348 m
|
||||
40 140 li
|
||||
40 116 40 100 44 88 cv
|
||||
44 76 48 64 52 52 cv
|
||||
60 36 76 20 92 8 cv
|
||||
112 -4 132 -8 156 -8 cv
|
||||
184 -8 204 -4 220 8 cv
|
||||
236 16 248 32 264 56 cv
|
||||
264 0 li
|
||||
356 0 li
|
||||
356 348 li
|
||||
264 348 li
|
||||
264 184 li
|
||||
264 164 264 148 260 136 cv
|
||||
260 124 256 112 252 104 cv
|
||||
244 84 224 72 192 72 cv
|
||||
168 72 156 76 144 88 cv
|
||||
136 100 132 120 132 148 cv
|
||||
132 348 li
|
||||
cp
|
||||
gs
|
||||
eofill gr
|
||||
s bzcl 401.0 0.0 tr
|
||||
sm
|
||||
sm
|
||||
mcm
|
||||
[1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 9206.0 806.0 ] concat
|
||||
0.0 0.0 tr
|
||||
mcm
|
||||
0.0 194.0 tr
|
||||
np 268 176 m
|
||||
376 176 li
|
||||
368 144 356 120 336 100 cv
|
||||
316 84 292 76 260 76 cv
|
||||
220 76 188 92 164 120 cv
|
||||
140 148 128 188 128 236 cv
|
||||
128 288 140 328 164 356 cv
|
||||
188 388 220 400 260 400 cv
|
||||
296 400 324 388 344 368 cv
|
||||
352 356 360 344 364 324 cv
|
||||
464 324 li
|
||||
456 376 436 416 400 444 cv
|
||||
364 472 316 484 260 484 cv
|
||||
188 484 132 460 92 416 cv
|
||||
48 372 28 308 28 232 cv
|
||||
28 164 48 104 88 60 cv
|
||||
128 16 180 -8 244 -8 cv
|
||||
304 -8 352 16 388 60 cv
|
||||
396 0 li
|
||||
464 0 li
|
||||
464 256 li
|
||||
268 256 li
|
||||
cp
|
||||
gs
|
||||
eofill gr
|
||||
s bzcl 510.0 0.0 tr
|
||||
np 40 476 m
|
||||
40 0 li
|
||||
140 0 li
|
||||
140 476 li
|
||||
cp
|
||||
gs
|
||||
eofill gr
|
||||
s bzcl 182.0 0.0 tr
|
||||
np 44 476 m
|
||||
44 0 li
|
||||
136 0 li
|
||||
136 396 li
|
||||
224 0 li
|
||||
320 0 li
|
||||
408 396 li
|
||||
408 0 li
|
||||
500 0 li
|
||||
500 476 li
|
||||
352 476 li
|
||||
288 204 li
|
||||
284 176 li
|
||||
280 160 li
|
||||
272 112 li
|
||||
264 160 li
|
||||
260 176 li
|
||||
256 204 li
|
||||
192 476 li
|
||||
cp
|
||||
gs
|
||||
eofill gr
|
||||
s bzcl 547.0 0.0 tr
|
||||
np 44 476 m
|
||||
44 4 li
|
||||
144 4 li
|
||||
144 172 li
|
||||
236 172 li
|
||||
264 172 284 176 304 180 cv
|
||||
320 184 332 192 348 200 cv
|
||||
384 228 404 272 404 328 cv
|
||||
404 384 384 424 344 452 cv
|
||||
332 464 316 468 304 472 cv
|
||||
288 476 268 476 240 476 cv
|
||||
cp
|
||||
144 256 m
|
||||
144 392 li
|
||||
220 392 li
|
||||
252 392 272 388 284 376 cv
|
||||
300 364 304 348 304 324 cv
|
||||
304 300 296 280 284 272 cv
|
||||
272 260 248 256 220 256 cv
|
||||
cp
|
||||
gs
|
||||
eofill gr
|
||||
s bzcl 438.0 0.0 tr
|
||||
sm
|
||||
sm
|
||||
mcm
|
||||
np 5206 7099 m
|
||||
7948 9117 li 0 255 div g
|
||||
61 w s bzcl np 8150 9262 m
|
||||
7925 8950 li 7925 9117 li 7791 9138 li 8150 9262 li cp
|
||||
0 w 1 lc gs
|
||||
eofill gr
|
||||
s bzcl sm
|
||||
mcm
|
||||
np 5228 5955 m
|
||||
7678 2295 li 61 w 2 lc s bzcl np 7813 2108 m
|
||||
7521 2337 li 7656 2337 li 7701 2461 li 7813 2108 li cp
|
||||
0 w 1 lc gs
|
||||
eofill gr
|
||||
s bzcl sm
|
||||
0 w 0 lj 0 lc sm
|
||||
sm
|
||||
icl
|
||||
ep
|
||||
ed end
|
||||
|
||||
File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load Diff
File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load Diff
|
|
@ -1,935 +0,0 @@
|
|||
\documentclass{article}
|
||||
|
||||
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{0in}
|
||||
\setlength{\evensidemargin}{0in}
|
||||
\setlength{\headsep}{0pt}
|
||||
\setlength{\topmargin}{0in}
|
||||
\setlength{\textheight}{8.75in}
|
||||
\setlength{\textwidth}{6.5in}
|
||||
\setlength{\parindent}{0in}
|
||||
\setlength{\parskip}{2ex}
|
||||
|
||||
\usepackage{tabularx}
|
||||
\usepackage{multicol}
|
||||
\usepackage{epsf}
|
||||
\usepackage{amstex}
|
||||
\usepackage{array}
|
||||
\usepackage{xspace}
|
||||
\usepackage{float}
|
||||
|
||||
\newcommand{\figref}[1]{{\em Figure ~\ref{#1}}\xspace}
|
||||
\renewcommand{\labelenumi}{\theenumi.}
|
||||
|
||||
\floatstyle{ruled}
|
||||
\newfloat{code}{h}{loc}
|
||||
\floatname{code}{Example Code}
|
||||
|
||||
\newcommand{\myfigone}[3]{
|
||||
\def\@captype{figure}
|
||||
\begin{table}
|
||||
\bigskip
|
||||
\begin{center}
|
||||
\leavevmode
|
||||
\epsfysize=#2 \epsfbox{#1.eps}
|
||||
\caption{#3} \label{#1}
|
||||
\end{center}
|
||||
\end{table}}
|
||||
|
||||
\newcommand{\myfigtwo}[3]{
|
||||
\def\@captype{figure}
|
||||
\begin{table*}
|
||||
\bigskip
|
||||
\begin{center}
|
||||
\leavevmode
|
||||
\epsfysize=#2 \epsfbox{#1.eps}
|
||||
\caption{#3} \label{#1}
|
||||
\end{center}
|
||||
\end{table*}}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{document}
|
||||
|
||||
\twocolumn
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{titlepage}
|
||||
\title{{\bf Script-Fu: Graphic Art for Everyone}}
|
||||
\author{Spencer Kimball\\
|
||||
eXperimental Computing Facility\\
|
||||
University of California at Berkeley\\
|
||||
spencer@@xcf.berkeley.edu}
|
||||
\maketitle
|
||||
|
||||
\thispagestyle{empty}
|
||||
\begin{abstract}
|
||||
With the advent of the World Wide Web (WWW), individuals
|
||||
have an unprecedented ability to disseminate information at little or
|
||||
no cost. Because of its accessibility, the flow of information on the
|
||||
WWW is staggering, and appears to be sustaining its incredible rate of
|
||||
growth. With so much competing information, presentation becomes
|
||||
as--or even more--important than content; visually appealing web pages
|
||||
are likely to attract the most attention. {\bf Script-Fu} is a newly
|
||||
developed application which automatically creates the graphics
|
||||
necessary to present information compellingly. Script-Fu is designed
|
||||
to maximize power and flexibility and it accomplishes this goal using
|
||||
a three-component architecture. This architecture is composed of an
|
||||
image manipulation engine (for the computations necessary to create
|
||||
graphics), a scripting language (for precisely describing the
|
||||
algorithms required to create the graphics), and a
|
||||
facilitator/management program (for user-interface and communication
|
||||
between the components). This choice of components maximizes the
|
||||
power of Script-Fu, but in some cases lessens the accessibility. For
|
||||
example, the image manipulation engine, GIMP, runs only on UNIX
|
||||
workstations, not on Macintoshes or PCs. A fourth component, Net-Fu,
|
||||
solves this dilemma by providing an alternate interface to Script-Fu,
|
||||
making its functionality available to anyone who has access to a WWW
|
||||
browser application such as {\it Netscape} or {\it Microsoft Internet
|
||||
Explorer}. Using both Script-Fu and the WWW, virtually anyone can
|
||||
present information compellingly, and at low cost.
|
||||
\end{abstract}
|
||||
|
||||
\end{titlepage}
|
||||
|
||||
\section{Introduction}
|
||||
|
||||
Company logos, product names, and eye-catching slogans are as
|
||||
ubiquitous as they are necessary for successful marketing.
|
||||
Traditionally, this sort of graphic design work lay squarely in the
|
||||
realm of the professional artist. A company which required art for
|
||||
magazine ads, CD or record labels, book covers, posters, or product
|
||||
brochures would contract the services of a graphic design firm.
|
||||
Individuals not associated with large companies had little use for
|
||||
such artwork, because both the cost of advertising and the cost of
|
||||
graphic design were prohibitive.
|
||||
|
||||
Things have changed. The cost of advertising has gone through the
|
||||
floor, while the cost of graphic design remains high. Individuals now
|
||||
have the ability to advertise products, ideas, and opinions, but lack
|
||||
the means to present them in a compelling fashion. {\bf Script-Fu}, a
|
||||
piece of computer software developed to address this situation, makes
|
||||
high-quality graphic design an option available to everyone.
|
||||
|
||||
The advent of the World Wide Web (WWW) is rapidly changing the face of
|
||||
the world's information infrastructure. The WWW is a conglomeration
|
||||
of distinct ``web sites'' linked together by what are known as
|
||||
``hyperlinks''. It is built on the ``internet'', a global
|
||||
communications network for computer-based communications. If the WWW
|
||||
were compared to a railway system, web sites would correspond to train
|
||||
stations, and hyperlinks to tracks. Web sites contain publicly
|
||||
available information including text, images, animations, and sound.
|
||||
Users travel from web site to web site to find information of
|
||||
interest, using a program known as a ``browser'' ({\it Netscape} and
|
||||
{\it Microsoft Internet Expolorer} are examples of widely available
|
||||
browsers). The browser, then, is like a train that carries the user
|
||||
from one depot of information to the next, following hyperlinks
|
||||
between web sites.
|
||||
|
||||
What makes the WWW so revolutionary is the cost at which it allows
|
||||
individuals to disseminate information. Because of the distributed
|
||||
architecture of the internet\footnote{The internet was originally
|
||||
intended as a network to inter-connect research facilities and
|
||||
universities. It was designed so that each participant would have to
|
||||
contribute to the overall operation. For example, a computer on the
|
||||
internet in Michigan might help forward information from Berkeley to
|
||||
MIT.} and the low cost of personal computers, anyone can establish a
|
||||
presence on the World Wide Web for under \$10,000. On the WWW,
|
||||
individuals have as much right and recourse to advertising as large
|
||||
corporations. In this context, ``advertise'' has a wide range of
|
||||
meanings--from actual product marketing to information exchange and
|
||||
the publication of ideas and opinions.
|
||||
|
||||
As recently as 1985, the internet consisted of roughly 50 sites.
|
||||
Today, the count is higher than 100,000, and is rapidly increasing.
|
||||
In fact, the naming conventions which assign each site on the internet
|
||||
a unique, identifying name, have to be changed to account for the
|
||||
unexpected magnitude of expansion \cite{ipv6}.
|
||||
|
||||
This expansion of the internet is blamed by most on the staggering
|
||||
growth of the world wide web, as universities, companies,
|
||||
organizations, and individuals race to take advantage of this nascent
|
||||
means of mass-communication. In the confusion of this mad scramble,
|
||||
attention spans for web-surfers (users who access the information on
|
||||
the WWW) have reached all time lows. Like more traditional forms of
|
||||
mass-media--radio and TV, for example--the format and appeal of
|
||||
packaging is becoming as important or more important than the actual
|
||||
content. Imagine a TV with literally millions of channels available
|
||||
and an efficient interface for searching them for items of interest.
|
||||
The importance of high quality, eye-catching presentations assumes an
|
||||
unprecedented magnitude in this context. It would be a rare
|
||||
web-surfer indeed, who would bother with a web page that contained no
|
||||
concessions to visual or auditory stimulation.
|
||||
|
||||
\myfigtwo{timeline}{6cm}{There is an emerging need for graphic art
|
||||
solutions that support the needs of individuals, who can't afford
|
||||
professional graphic designers.}
|
||||
|
||||
While the cost of advertising has plummeted with the World Wide Web,
|
||||
the cost of graphic design has not decreased. If anything, the
|
||||
extreme demand generated by the WWW has pushed the price of graphic
|
||||
design through the roof in the short-term; prices will remain high
|
||||
until the graphic design industry can grow large enough to satisfy
|
||||
current and future demand.
|
||||
|
||||
The World Wide Web is here to stay. Its growth continues at an almost
|
||||
impossible rate and the exploration of its benefits is just beginning.
|
||||
The WWW will certainly be here for the next five years, and what the
|
||||
future holds is undoubtedly even more surprising than the recent
|
||||
advances in information exchange. Through it all, the requirement
|
||||
that information be presented compellingly is unlikely to change, as
|
||||
human nature seems constant in that regard. Script-Fu targets the
|
||||
problem of information packaging and is therefore well-suited to the
|
||||
needs of both the present and the immediate future.
|
||||
|
||||
\section{Requirements}
|
||||
|
||||
What is ``high-quality graphic art''? This term needs to be defined
|
||||
before an application purported to automatically generate graphic art
|
||||
is described. Where Script-Fu is concerned, the definition is limited
|
||||
to the current standard for {\it logos} typically found on
|
||||
professionally designed web pages\footnote {The term should, in fact,
|
||||
describe the overall composition of graphics, text and background
|
||||
which make up a web page.}. Logos should have the option to be
|
||||
generated from a wide range of typefaces, sizes, colors, backgrounds,
|
||||
and styles, including such exotic motifs as neon, chrome, crystal, and
|
||||
carved marble or wood. The task that Script-Fu tackles is simply put:
|
||||
to generate logos in a wide variety of styles with configurable
|
||||
options, at a level of quality comparable to professionally done
|
||||
graphic design work. Additionally, the graphic art should be
|
||||
generated automatically, and in tens of seconds, where traditional
|
||||
artists painstakingly produce artwork on a timescale of hours.
|
||||
\figref{logo} is a \emph{very} simple example of a logo which
|
||||
Script-Fu might generate\footnote {We will discuss the creation of
|
||||
this logo in detail throughout the following sections. For an actual
|
||||
Script-Fu {\it scheme} script that generates similar logos, refer to
|
||||
Appendix A. {\bf Warning:} Unless you are familiar with both
|
||||
programming languages and typical {\it Photoshop}\cite{photoshop}/{\it
|
||||
GIMP}\cite{GIMP} usage, the code listed in the appendix will be
|
||||
confusing.}.
|
||||
|
||||
Many factors must be considered in the design of an application which
|
||||
meets the requirements discussed above. Most important are
|
||||
flexibility and power. To meet the requirement that it generate
|
||||
``high-quality'' graphic art, Script-Fu must be flexible and easy to
|
||||
expand upon; new and more impressive logo designs are constantly
|
||||
evolving and must be incorporated into the system as they emerge.
|
||||
Script-Fu must also be extremely powerful, as impressive logos
|
||||
typically involve a complex process which--in the case of automated
|
||||
logo creation--requires that software make decisions that were
|
||||
formerly made by human artists. Sections 3 and 4 in this paper
|
||||
discuss the architecture necessary to achieve these goals, as well as
|
||||
how the components of the architecture interact to get the job done.
|
||||
|
||||
One factor which is easily overlooked, but of utmost importance, is
|
||||
the user-interface. Script-Fu has a traditional user interface in the
|
||||
sense that when you run the software on a computer, it displays a
|
||||
window with the necessary options for logo generation. However, to
|
||||
maximize the availability and appeal of Script-Fu, a secondary
|
||||
interface called {\bf Net-Fu} was designed. Section 5 discusses this
|
||||
additional interface in detail.
|
||||
|
||||
\myfigone{logo}{6cm}{A simple example of a composited logo. The logo
|
||||
consists of highlights, the logo text, and shadows.}
|
||||
|
||||
\section{Architecture}
|
||||
|
||||
The architecture of Script-Fu is carefully designed with the goals of
|
||||
flexibility and power in mind. The architecture consists of three
|
||||
primary components and is illustrated in \figref{architecture}:
|
||||
\begin{itemize}
|
||||
\item An underlying image manipulation engine for computing each step
|
||||
of the logo generation process.
|
||||
\item A mechanism for automating the logo creation process.
|
||||
\item An intermediary which oversees the progress of the other two
|
||||
components and facilities communication between them.
|
||||
\end{itemize}
|
||||
|
||||
\subsection{GIMP--Image Manipulation Engine}
|
||||
|
||||
In theory, Script-Fu could include all of the necessary image
|
||||
manipulation operations for creating logos. However, this would
|
||||
involve hundreds of thousands of lines of program code and immense
|
||||
amounts of development time. Instead, the architecture calls for the
|
||||
leveraging of an existing image manipulation ``engine''--in the
|
||||
context of our simple logo example (\figref{logo}), this is a piece of
|
||||
software that actually performs the computations necessary to create
|
||||
highlights, text, and shadows and then combine them into a final logo.
|
||||
|
||||
\myfigone{architecture}{6cm}{Script-Fu and GIMP are stand-alone
|
||||
executables running on one machine, communicating with each other.}
|
||||
|
||||
Professional graphic design artists have long used Photoshop
|
||||
\cite{photoshop}, a software package from Adobe for their image
|
||||
manipulation needs. Photoshop is a complicated, powerful, and
|
||||
highly-respected piece of software that is employed in nearly all
|
||||
computer-based image manipulation tasks (such as photo-retouching,
|
||||
graphic art design, and image composition). Photoshop was not chosen
|
||||
for use with Script-Fu. There are a number of reasons for this
|
||||
decision. Among them are the price point of Photoshop--around \$500,
|
||||
the lack of support for UNIX platforms--which are better suited to
|
||||
batch processing, and most importantly, the lack of a facility for
|
||||
supporting complex, automated control. In plain English, Photoshop
|
||||
does not have the necessary means through which other applications can
|
||||
direct its actions.
|
||||
|
||||
Instead, Script-Fu was implemented using an image manipulation engine
|
||||
known as the GNU Image Manipulation Program (GIMP) \cite{GIMP}. GIMP
|
||||
is free software (meaning both its source code, and the runnable
|
||||
application can be downloaded and used free of
|
||||
charge)\footnote{ftp://ftp.xcf.berkeley.edu/pub/gimp}, making it
|
||||
possible to offer Script-Fu without a restrictive usage policy or the
|
||||
requirement of commercial software. GIMP runs on nearly all UNIX
|
||||
platforms, the ideal setting for large batch processing operations.
|
||||
Finally, GIMP has a facility for supporting extensions, which are
|
||||
perfectly suited to the needs of Script-Fu. A GIMP extension is a
|
||||
stand-alone program that extends the functionality of the main
|
||||
application. The extension and GIMP communicate with each other, and
|
||||
through this line of communication, the extension can command GIMP to
|
||||
execute any operation\footnote{See appendix B for a discussion of
|
||||
extensions and how they interact with GIMP}.
|
||||
|
||||
\subsection{Scheme--Scripting Language}
|
||||
|
||||
There are two primary mechanisms typically employed for automated
|
||||
processing of the type used in Script-Fu: batch processing and
|
||||
scripting. Batch processing is used primarily for automating only the
|
||||
most simplistic procedures--tasks in which nothing changes from one
|
||||
invocation to the next, and no decisions need to be made based on
|
||||
variable input values. This is not a suitable solution for Script-Fu.
|
||||
Based on the name {\bf Script}-Fu, it should be obvious that scripting
|
||||
is the solution of choice.
|
||||
|
||||
Scripting allows far more flexibility than batch processing because it
|
||||
often incorporates an actual programming language. A programming
|
||||
language is a means to specify an algorithm (a list of steps for the
|
||||
computer to complete) with complex, language-like control structures.
|
||||
For example, decisions can be made by evaluating whether a given
|
||||
condition is true and executing one command if it is, and another
|
||||
command if it is not. Here is a good example of such a control
|
||||
structure, commonly referred to as an {\it if-then-else} structure:
|
||||
|
||||
{\scriptsize
|
||||
\begin{verbatim}
|
||||
if (image_is_color (img)) then
|
||||
set_color (RED)
|
||||
else
|
||||
set_color (BLACK)
|
||||
\end{verbatim}}
|
||||
|
||||
The {\it if-then-else} structure demonstrated in the example above
|
||||
evaluates whether the image contained in the {\it img} variable is a
|
||||
color image. {\it If} it is, then the color is set to red; otherwise,
|
||||
the color is set to black. This simple example would be extended in an
|
||||
actual script to make complex decisions based on the user's specified
|
||||
logo preferences.
|
||||
|
||||
This short {\it if-then-else} example also includes what is known in
|
||||
programming languages as a ``variable''. A variable in programming is
|
||||
quite similar to a variable in algebra. It is simply a symbol that
|
||||
represents a value. Variables are used both in algebra and in
|
||||
programming because it is more convenient (and more powerful) to
|
||||
substitute variables for actual values in an expression.
|
||||
|
||||
Loops are another example of control that is available when a
|
||||
programming language is used to specify the steps the computer must
|
||||
take to complete an algorithm. Loops allow a given operation to be
|
||||
repeated. In batch processing, this simply isn't possible without
|
||||
explicitly requesting the operation as many times as you'd like it
|
||||
done. Here is a comparison of the commands necessary in both batch
|
||||
processing and scripting to draw five circles:
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{itemize}
|
||||
\item Batch Processing\\
|
||||
{\scriptsize
|
||||
\begin{verbatim}
|
||||
draw_circle (100, 50, 50)
|
||||
draw_circle (200, 50, 50)
|
||||
draw_circle (300, 50, 50)
|
||||
draw_circle (400, 50, 50)
|
||||
draw_circle (500, 50, 50)
|
||||
\end{verbatim}}
|
||||
\item Scripting\\
|
||||
{\scriptsize
|
||||
\begin{verbatim}
|
||||
for (i = 1 to 5)
|
||||
draw_circle (i * 100, 50, 50)
|
||||
\end{verbatim}}
|
||||
\end{itemize}
|
||||
|
||||
Script-Fu uses a programming language known as {\bf
|
||||
Scheme}\footnote{Script-Fu actually uses SIOD, a small implementation
|
||||
of Scheme \cite{siod}} \cite{scheme} to implement its scripting.
|
||||
Scheme is a compact, but fully-featured programming language. It
|
||||
affords the programmer the flexibility necessary for automatic logo
|
||||
generation, without burdening him with unnecessary complexity. Logo
|
||||
scripts are written in Scheme and a program called an interpreter
|
||||
reads through them, evaluating each expression as it goes. This
|
||||
scheme interpreter is not actually a separate program in the Script-Fu
|
||||
architecture. Instead, it is part of the Script-Fu program, which
|
||||
simplifies the overall architecture. The scheme interpreter is quite
|
||||
small, and therefore does not add significant clutter to Script-Fu.
|
||||
|
||||
\subsection{Script-Fu--Management}
|
||||
|
||||
The final component is the Script-Fu program itself. Script-Fu is
|
||||
implemented as a GIMP extension. In essence, it acts as manager and
|
||||
facilitator between the scheme interpreter and GIMP. It establishes
|
||||
the lines of communication and forwards messages between them. It
|
||||
also presents the user with an interface for selecting which script to
|
||||
run, and which parameters to run the script with. Parameters for
|
||||
running a script typically include things like the typeface, the size,
|
||||
the text string, and colors. After the user has selected a script and
|
||||
entered the input parameters, Script-Fu formulates a command and sends
|
||||
it to the scheme interpreter, which in turn begins to process the
|
||||
script.
|
||||
|
||||
\section{Component Interaction}
|
||||
|
||||
The three components that comprise Script-Fu work together to generate
|
||||
a logo. Their interaction is fairly straightforward and consists of
|
||||
six steps:
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{enumerate}
|
||||
\item Script-Fu presents the user with an interface allowing a
|
||||
style of logo to be selected and input parameters associated with that
|
||||
style to be set.
|
||||
\item Once a logo is selected, Script-Fu formulates a command based on
|
||||
the user inputs and sends it to the Scheme interpreter. The
|
||||
interpreter begins to process the selected script.
|
||||
\item The Scheme interpreter reads a command from the script,
|
||||
and if it is GIMP-related, forwards it to Script-Fu. Otherwise goto
|
||||
step 6.
|
||||
\item If the interpreter forwarded a command, Script-Fu parses it and
|
||||
reformats it so that GIMP will accept it. Script-Fu then requests
|
||||
that GIMP execute the command and waits for GIMP to signal success or
|
||||
failure.
|
||||
\item GIMP executes the command incoming from Script-Fu, and on
|
||||
success, returns any values which the command requires as outputs. On
|
||||
failure, GIMP returns an error message.
|
||||
\item The Scheme interpreter checks if the script has been fully
|
||||
processed. If so, then the logo is finished; otherwise, goto step 3.
|
||||
\end{enumerate}
|
||||
|
||||
\section{Net-Fu}
|
||||
|
||||
Script-Fu and GIMP run on UNIX workstations, which severely limit the
|
||||
breadth of the user base. The users who would most benefit from the
|
||||
advent of an automated graphic design utility are primarily PC users
|
||||
running either Apple's MacOS or Microsoft's Windows NT and Windows 95.
|
||||
Therefore, a fourth and final component is necessary to complete
|
||||
Script-Fu.
|
||||
|
||||
\myfigone{net-fu}{6cm}{Net-Fu adds one additional component to the
|
||||
Script-fu/GIMP architecture: A WWW user interface written as a {\it
|
||||
Java} applet, and capable of running on any {\it Java}-equipped web browser.}
|
||||
|
||||
This additional component is called {\bf Net-Fu}, and serves to bridge
|
||||
the gap between the UNIX-based Script-Fu and the masses. Instead of
|
||||
porting Script-Fu to MacOS or Windows 95, Net-Fu solves the problem of
|
||||
usability by providing an additional interface to Script-Fu's
|
||||
functionality. Net-Fu is implemented as a Java applet--programs which
|
||||
can be downloaded on the World Wide Web and run on any kind of
|
||||
computer, from UNIX machines to Macintoshes to PCs. Java applets can
|
||||
be run from within web browsers, which means that anyone with access
|
||||
to the WWW (which is just about everyone these days), can use Net-Fu.
|
||||
|
||||
Net-Fu provides an interface similar to the one which Script-Fu
|
||||
normally provides on the local UNIX machine\footnote{Refer to appendix
|
||||
D for images of the Net-Fu user interface}: it allows a style of
|
||||
script to be selected and then prompts the user for logo parameters
|
||||
such as typeface, size, and the text string. While Script-Fu simply
|
||||
takes the user input and feeds it directly to the Scheme interpreter,
|
||||
Net-Fu must transmit its request to Script-Fu, which then feeds it to
|
||||
the Scheme interpreter.
|
||||
|
||||
When Script-Fu is run, it can be instructed not to display an
|
||||
interface, but instead to act as a server to which any other program
|
||||
can send commands which will be processed as if they were entered by
|
||||
Script-Fu's normal user-interface. If Net-Fu is the intended
|
||||
interface, Script-Fu will be instructed to enter server-mode and will
|
||||
then simply await commands from programs such as Net-Fu. To clarify,
|
||||
here is a typical sequence of events that occur using Net-Fu:
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{enumerate}
|
||||
\item A user in Sweden wants to create a title logo that appears to be
|
||||
made from green, neon tubing and reads ``Jens' Cocktails''. The user
|
||||
directs his web browser to the Net-Fu address: {\it
|
||||
http://scheme.xcf.berkeley.edu/net-fu/}.
|
||||
\item Jens' browser will now display a table containing the various
|
||||
styles of logos available for creation through Net-Fu. Each logo style
|
||||
entry in the table contains a short description of the style and a
|
||||
preview.
|
||||
\item Jens selects the ``Neon'' style and is subsequently presented
|
||||
with a user interface which prompts him for the following inputs:
|
||||
\begin{itemize}
|
||||
\item {\it Text}--He enters ``Jens' Cocktails''
|
||||
\item {\it Text Size}--He keeps the default value of 100 pixels
|
||||
\item {\it Typeface}--He keeps the default, ``Blippo'', a font with
|
||||
evenly rounded characters--quite appropriate for neon.
|
||||
\item {\it Tube Color}--He selects a bright green with a hint of yellow.
|
||||
\end{itemize}
|
||||
\item Jens then clicks the ``Run'' button in the Net-Fu interface and
|
||||
waits patiently for his logo.
|
||||
\item As soon as the ``Run'' button is clicked, Net-Fu gathers all of
|
||||
the information entered by Jens and opens a connection to the
|
||||
Script-Fu server running on a machine in Berkeley, CA. Net-Fu then
|
||||
forwards Jens' command to Script-Fu and waits until Script-Fu returns.
|
||||
\item Script-Fu receives Jens' command and enters active
|
||||
processing mode, where it no longer listens for commands, but instead
|
||||
begins to process the Neon script to Jens' specifications. When it has
|
||||
finished the logo, Script-Fu returns the location.
|
||||
\item Net-Fu receives the location of the logo from Script-Fu
|
||||
and directs Jens' browser there.
|
||||
\item Jens claps his hands in glee, as he has created the logo of his
|
||||
dreams in seconds, without an ounce of effort, and certainly without
|
||||
straining his limited artistic talents.
|
||||
\end{enumerate}
|
||||
|
||||
\section{Conclusions}
|
||||
|
||||
With the advent of the World Wide Web (WWW), mass communication is
|
||||
available to the average individual at a fraction of its historical
|
||||
price. This unprecedented development makes it possible for anyone to
|
||||
advertise products, exchange information, and communicate ideas.
|
||||
However, the massive volume of information which flows through the WWW
|
||||
is a mixed blessing: while it does allow anyone to contribute, it also
|
||||
reduces the liklihood that a particular piece of information will be
|
||||
absorbed by a significant number of people. Like other more
|
||||
traditional means of mass media--such as TV and radio--the content on
|
||||
the WWW must be accompanied by attractive packaging to have a large
|
||||
impact.
|
||||
|
||||
Script-Fu delivers this attractive packaging at no cost, in mere
|
||||
seconds, and without requiring artistic talent. Script-Fu is capable
|
||||
of delivering artwork which rivals the quality of that done by
|
||||
professional graphic designers. Using Script-Fu and the WWW,
|
||||
virtually anyone can advertise compellingly, and at almost no cost.
|
||||
|
||||
Script-Fu consists of three primary components. The first is GIMP, an
|
||||
image manipulation engine which does the actual computations necessary
|
||||
in creating a logo. The second is the scripting language (Scheme),
|
||||
which specifies the algorithms which define the process that leads to
|
||||
a logo. The third and final component is a GIMP extension called
|
||||
Script-Fu, which manages the entire process of creating a logo--from
|
||||
communication between the Scheme interpreter and GIMP, to a user
|
||||
interface.
|
||||
|
||||
Net-Fu is an optional fourth component and provides an additional user
|
||||
interface which is accessible to nearly everyone. It is implemented
|
||||
as a Java applet and can be accessed through the World Wide Web.
|
||||
Net-Fu allows anyone with a web browser to access the power of
|
||||
Script-Fu.
|
||||
|
||||
\section{Acknowledgements}
|
||||
Special thanks to Yaroslav Faybishenko for his speedy implementation
|
||||
of the Net-Fu Java applet. Beyond this inadequate mention, Peter
|
||||
Mattis should be recognized for his work on GIMP. The software has
|
||||
come a long way in two years.
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{flushleft}
|
||||
\begin{thebibliography}{References}
|
||||
\bibitem{photoshop} Adobe Systems, Inc. Photoshop (tm) 3.0,
|
||||
Computer Program, 1994.
|
||||
\bibitem{foley} J. D. Foley, A. Dam, S. K. Feiner, J. F. Hughes,
|
||||
\emph{Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice},
|
||||
Addison-Wesley, NY, 1992.
|
||||
\bibitem{GIMP} S. Kimball, P. Mattis, GNU Image Manipulation
|
||||
Program (GIMP), Computer Program, 1996-1997.
|
||||
\bibitem{hearn} D. Hearn, M. P. Baker,
|
||||
\emph{Computer Graphics},
|
||||
Prentice Hall, NJ, 1994.
|
||||
\bibitem{ipv6} R. M. Hinden, ``IP Next Generation Overview'',
|
||||
\emph{Communications of the ACM},
|
||||
June 1996/Vol 39, No. 6.
|
||||
\bibitem{scheme} H. Abelson, G. J. Sussman,
|
||||
\emph{Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs},
|
||||
The MIT Press, MA, 1985.
|
||||
\bibitem{siod} G. J. Carrette, Scheme In One Defun (SIOD),
|
||||
Computer Program, 1996.
|
||||
\end{thebibliography}
|
||||
\end{flushleft}
|
||||
|
||||
\onecolumn
|
||||
\appendix
|
||||
|
||||
\section{Example Scripts}
|
||||
|
||||
\subsection{Simple Script for HDS Logos}
|
||||
{\scriptsize
|
||||
\begin{verbatim}
|
||||
; HIGHLIGHT-DROP-SHADOW-LOGO
|
||||
; draw the specified text over a background with a drop shadow and a highlight
|
||||
|
||||
(define (color-highlight color)
|
||||
(let ((r (car color))
|
||||
(g (cadr color))
|
||||
(b (caddr color)))
|
||||
(set! r (+ r (* (- 255 r) 0.75)))
|
||||
(set! g (+ g (* (- 255 g) 0.75)))
|
||||
(set! b (+ b (* (- 255 b) 0.75)))
|
||||
(list r g b)))
|
||||
|
||||
(define (hds-logo text size font bg-color text-color)
|
||||
(let* ((img (car (gimp-image-new 256 256 RGB)))
|
||||
(text-layer (car (gimp-text img -1 0 0 text 10 TRUE size PIXELS "*" font "*" "*" "*" "*")))
|
||||
(width (car (gimp-drawable-width text-layer)))
|
||||
(height (car (gimp-drawable-height text-layer)))
|
||||
(bg-layer (car (gimp-layer-new img width height RGB_IMAGE "Background" 100 NORMAL)))
|
||||
(highlight-layer (car (gimp-layer-copy text-layer TRUE)))
|
||||
(shadow-layer (car (gimp-layer-new img width height RGBA_IMAGE "Shadow" 100 MULTIPLY)))
|
||||
(old-fg (car (gimp-palette-get-foreground)))
|
||||
(old-bg (car (gimp-palette-get-background))))
|
||||
(gimp-image-undo-disable img)
|
||||
(gimp-image-resize img width height 0 0)
|
||||
(gimp-image-add-layer img bg-layer 1)
|
||||
(gimp-image-add-layer img shadow-layer 1)
|
||||
(gimp-image-add-layer img highlight-layer 1)
|
||||
(gimp-palette-set-background text-color)
|
||||
(gimp-layer-set-preserve-trans text-layer TRUE)
|
||||
(gimp-edit-fill img text-layer)
|
||||
(gimp-edit-clear img shadow-layer)
|
||||
(gimp-palette-set-background (color-highlight text-color))
|
||||
(gimp-layer-set-preserve-trans highlight-layer TRUE)
|
||||
(gimp-edit-fill img highlight-layer)
|
||||
(gimp-palette-set-background bg-color)
|
||||
(gimp-drawable-fill bg-layer BG-IMAGE-FILL)
|
||||
(gimp-selection-layer-alpha img text-layer)
|
||||
(gimp-palette-set-background '(0 0 0))
|
||||
(gimp-selection-feather img 7.5)
|
||||
(gimp-edit-fill img shadow-layer)
|
||||
(gimp-selection-none img)
|
||||
(gimp-palette-set-foreground '(255 255 255))
|
||||
(gimp-blend img text-layer FG-BG-RGB MULTIPLY RADIAL 100 20 FALSE 0 0 width height)
|
||||
(gimp-layer-translate shadow-layer 3 3)
|
||||
(gimp-layer-translate highlight-layer -2 -2)
|
||||
(gimp-layer-set-name text-layer text)
|
||||
(gimp-layer-set-name highlight-layer "Highlight")
|
||||
(gimp-palette-set-background old-bg)
|
||||
(gimp-palette-set-foreground old-fg)
|
||||
(gimp-image-undo-enable img)
|
||||
(gimp-display-new img)))
|
||||
\end{verbatim}}
|
||||
|
||||
\subsection{Complex Script for Crystal Logos}
|
||||
|
||||
{\scriptsize
|
||||
\begin{verbatim}
|
||||
; CRYSTAL
|
||||
; Create a text effect that simulates crystal
|
||||
|
||||
(define (set-pt a index x y)
|
||||
(prog1
|
||||
(aset a (* index 2) x)
|
||||
(aset a (+ (* index 2) 1) y)))
|
||||
|
||||
(define (spline1)
|
||||
(let* ((a (cons-array 18 'byte)))
|
||||
(set-pt a 0 0 0)
|
||||
(set-pt a 1 31 235)
|
||||
(set-pt a 2 63 23)
|
||||
(set-pt a 3 95 230)
|
||||
(set-pt a 4 127 25)
|
||||
(set-pt a 5 159 210)
|
||||
(set-pt a 6 191 20)
|
||||
(set-pt a 7 223 240)
|
||||
(set-pt a 8 255 31)
|
||||
a))
|
||||
|
||||
(define (crystal-brush brush-size)
|
||||
(cond ((<= brush-size 5) "Circle (05)")
|
||||
((<= brush-size 7) "Circle (07)")
|
||||
((<= brush-size 9) "Circle (09)")
|
||||
((<= brush-size 11) "Circle (11)")
|
||||
((<= brush-size 13) "Circle (13)")
|
||||
((<= brush-size 15) "Circle (15)")
|
||||
((<= brush-size 17) "Circle (17)")
|
||||
(else "Circle Fuzzy (19)")))
|
||||
|
||||
(define (shadows val)
|
||||
(/ (* 0.96 val) 2.55))
|
||||
|
||||
(define (midtones val)
|
||||
(/ val 2.55))
|
||||
|
||||
(define (highlights val)
|
||||
(/ (* 1.108 val) 2.55))
|
||||
|
||||
(define (rval col)
|
||||
(car col))
|
||||
|
||||
(define (gval col)
|
||||
(cadr col))
|
||||
|
||||
(define (bval col)
|
||||
(caddr col))
|
||||
|
||||
(define (sota-scale val scale chrome-factor)
|
||||
(* (sqrt val) (* scale chrome-factor)))
|
||||
|
||||
(define (crystal-logo chrome-factor text size font bg-img env-map)
|
||||
(let* ((img (car (gimp-image-new 256 256 GRAY)))
|
||||
(back-img (car (gimp-file-load 1 bg-img bg-img)))
|
||||
(back-layer (car (gimp-image-active-drawable back-img)))
|
||||
(banding-img (car (gimp-file-load 1 env-map env-map)))
|
||||
(banding-layer (car (gimp-image-active-drawable banding-img)))
|
||||
(b-size (sota-scale size 2 chrome-factor))
|
||||
(offx1 (sota-scale size 0.33 chrome-factor))
|
||||
(offy1 (sota-scale size 0.25 chrome-factor))
|
||||
(offx2 (sota-scale size (- 0.33) chrome-factor))
|
||||
(offy2 (sota-scale size (- 0.25) chrome-factor))
|
||||
(feather (sota-scale size 0.5 chrome-factor))
|
||||
(blur (sota-scale size 0.5 chrome-factor))
|
||||
(displace (sota-scale size 0.25 chrome-factor))
|
||||
(brush-size (sota-scale size 0.5 chrome-factor))
|
||||
(text-layer (car (gimp-text img -1 0 0 text b-size TRUE size PIXELS "*" font "*" "*" "*" "*")))
|
||||
(width (car (gimp-drawable-width text-layer)))
|
||||
(height (car (gimp-drawable-height text-layer)))
|
||||
(tile-ret (plug-in-tile 1 back-img back-layer width height))
|
||||
(tile-img (car tile-ret))
|
||||
(tile-layer (cadr tile-ret))
|
||||
(bg-layer (car (gimp-layer-copy tile-layer TRUE)))
|
||||
(layer1 (car (gimp-layer-copy banding-layer TRUE)))
|
||||
(layer2 (car (gimp-layer-new img width height GRAYA_IMAGE "Layer 2" 100 DIFFERENCE)))
|
||||
(layer3 (car (gimp-layer-new img width height GRAYA_IMAGE "Layer 3" 100 NORMAL)))
|
||||
(layer-mask 0)
|
||||
(layer-mask2 0)
|
||||
(disp-map 0)
|
||||
(old-fg (car (gimp-palette-get-foreground)))
|
||||
(old-bg (car (gimp-palette-get-background)))
|
||||
(old-brush (car (gimp-brushes-get-brush))))
|
||||
(gimp-image-delete banding-img)
|
||||
(gimp-image-delete back-img)
|
||||
(gimp-image-delete tile-img)
|
||||
(gimp-image-undo-disable img)
|
||||
(gimp-image-resize img width height 0 0)
|
||||
(gimp-image-add-layer img layer3 0)
|
||||
(gimp-image-add-layer img layer2 0)
|
||||
(gimp-palette-set-background '(255 255 255))
|
||||
(gimp-selection-none img)
|
||||
(gimp-edit-fill img layer2)
|
||||
(gimp-edit-fill img layer3)
|
||||
(gimp-layer-set-visible text-layer FALSE)
|
||||
|
||||
(gimp-selection-layer-alpha img text-layer)
|
||||
(gimp-palette-set-background '(0 0 0))
|
||||
(gimp-selection-translate img offx1 offy1)
|
||||
(gimp-selection-feather img feather)
|
||||
(gimp-edit-fill img layer2)
|
||||
(gimp-selection-translate img (* 2 offx2) (* 2 offy2))
|
||||
(gimp-edit-fill img layer3)
|
||||
(gimp-selection-none img)
|
||||
(set! layer2 (car (gimp-image-merge-visible-layers img CLIP-TO-IMAGE)))
|
||||
(gimp-invert img layer2)
|
||||
|
||||
(gimp-image-add-layer img layer1 0)
|
||||
(gimp-layer-scale layer1 width height FALSE)
|
||||
(plug-in-gauss-iir 1 img layer1 10 TRUE TRUE)
|
||||
(gimp-layer-set-opacity layer1 50)
|
||||
(set! layer1 (car (gimp-image-merge-visible-layers img CLIP-TO-IMAGE)))
|
||||
(gimp-curves-spline img layer1 0 18 (spline1))
|
||||
|
||||
(set! layer-mask (car (gimp-layer-create-mask layer1 BLACK-MASK)))
|
||||
(gimp-image-add-layer-mask img layer1 layer-mask)
|
||||
(gimp-selection-layer-alpha img text-layer)
|
||||
(gimp-palette-set-background '(255 255 255))
|
||||
(gimp-edit-fill img layer-mask)
|
||||
|
||||
(set! disp-map (car (gimp-selection-save img)))
|
||||
(gimp-brushes-set-brush (crystal-brush brush-size))
|
||||
(gimp-palette-set-foreground '(0 0 0))
|
||||
(gimp-edit-stroke img disp-map)
|
||||
(gimp-selection-none img)
|
||||
|
||||
(plug-in-gauss-rle 1 img disp-map blur TRUE TRUE)
|
||||
(gimp-levels img disp-map 0 0 255 1.0 96 255)
|
||||
|
||||
(if (= (car (gimp-drawable-is-rgb bg-layer)) 1)
|
||||
(gimp-convert-rgb img))
|
||||
|
||||
(gimp-image-add-layer img bg-layer 2)
|
||||
(set! layer2 (car (gimp-layer-copy bg-layer TRUE)))
|
||||
(gimp-image-add-layer img layer2 1)
|
||||
|
||||
(plug-in-displace 1 img layer2 displace displace TRUE TRUE disp-map disp-map 0)
|
||||
(set! layer-mask2 (car (gimp-layer-create-mask layer2 BLACK-MASK)))
|
||||
(gimp-image-add-layer-mask img layer2 layer-mask2)
|
||||
(gimp-selection-layer-alpha img text-layer)
|
||||
(gimp-palette-set-background '(255 255 255))
|
||||
(gimp-edit-fill img layer-mask2)
|
||||
|
||||
(gimp-selection-none img)
|
||||
(gimp-levels img layer2 0 0 200 1.5 50 255)
|
||||
(gimp-layer-set-mode layer1 OVERLAY)
|
||||
|
||||
(plug-in-gauss-rle 1 img text-layer blur TRUE TRUE)
|
||||
(gimp-layer-set-preserve-trans text-layer TRUE)
|
||||
(gimp-palette-set-background '(0 0 0))
|
||||
(gimp-edit-fill img text-layer)
|
||||
(gimp-layer-set-mode text-layer OVERLAY)
|
||||
(gimp-layer-translate text-layer offx1 offy1)
|
||||
|
||||
(gimp-image-remove-channel img disp-map)
|
||||
|
||||
(gimp-layer-set-visible text-layer TRUE)
|
||||
(gimp-layer-set-name layer1 "Crystal")
|
||||
(gimp-layer-set-name layer2 "Interior")
|
||||
(gimp-layer-set-name bg-layer "Background")
|
||||
(gimp-layer-set-name text-layer "Shadow")
|
||||
|
||||
(gimp-palette-set-foreground old-fg)
|
||||
(gimp-palette-set-background old-bg)
|
||||
(gimp-brushes-set-brush old-brush)
|
||||
(gimp-image-undo-enable img)
|
||||
(gimp-display-new img)))
|
||||
\end{verbatim}}
|
||||
\twocolumn
|
||||
|
||||
\section{GIMP Extensions}
|
||||
|
||||
A computer application is generally a stand-alone program, whose
|
||||
source code contains everything necessary for full functionality. In
|
||||
this common case, adding additional features to the application
|
||||
requires that the original source code be modified, recompiled, and
|
||||
finally redistributed to its users. This process of introducing new
|
||||
features is highly prone to programmer error, often resulting in a
|
||||
host of new problems, sometimes even with pre-existing features. A
|
||||
superior method for extending the functionality of an application is
|
||||
through extension modules: independent applications which implement
|
||||
additional features and then make them available to the main
|
||||
application.
|
||||
|
||||
The GIMP and its extensions communicate by invoking commands from a
|
||||
database of procedures. Procedures are pieces of functionality
|
||||
provided by GIMP, its plug-ins, and its extensions. Procedures take
|
||||
as input a list of arguments, execute based on the values of those
|
||||
arguments, and finally return a list of values. There are procedures
|
||||
for every piece of internal functionality in the GIMP as well as for
|
||||
every plug-in written to date. In total, there are over 275
|
||||
procedures stored in GIMP's ``procedural database''. The following are
|
||||
examples of procedures called by the simple script from Appendix A:
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{itemize}
|
||||
\item {\scriptsize{\bf gimp\_image\_new} {\it width, height, type}\\
|
||||
Creates a new image, undisplayed with the specified extents and type.
|
||||
A layer should be created and added before this image is displayed, or
|
||||
subsequent calls to 'gimp\_display\_new' with this image as an argument
|
||||
will fail. Layers can be created using the 'gimp\_layer\_new' commands.
|
||||
They can be added to an image using the 'gimp\_image\_add\_layer'
|
||||
command.\\
|
||||
\bf Inputs \rm
|
||||
\begin{itemize}
|
||||
\item {\it width} (PDB\_INT32)--The width of the image
|
||||
\item {\it height} (PDB\_INT32)--The height of the image
|
||||
\item {\it type} (PDB\_INT32)--The type of image: \{ RGB (0), GRAY (1), INDEXED (2) \}
|
||||
\end{itemize}
|
||||
\bf Outputs \rm
|
||||
\begin{itemize}
|
||||
\item {\it image} (PDB\_IMAGE)--The ID of the newly created image
|
||||
\end{itemize}}
|
||||
|
||||
\item {\scriptsize{\bf gimp\_text} {\it image, drawable, x, y, text, border, antialias, size, size\_type, foundry, family, weight, slant, set\_width, spacing}\\
|
||||
This tool requires font information in the form of seven parameters:
|
||||
\{size, foundry, family, weight, slant, set\_width, spacing\}. The
|
||||
font size can either be specified in units of pixels or points, and
|
||||
the appropriate metric is specified using the size\_type argument. The
|
||||
x and y parameters together control the placement of the new text by
|
||||
specifying the upper left corner of the text bounding box. If the
|
||||
antialias parameter is non-zero, the generated text will blend more
|
||||
smoothly with underlying layers. This option requires more time and
|
||||
memory to compute than non-antialiased text; the resulting floating
|
||||
selection or layer, however, will require the same amount of memory
|
||||
with or without antialiasing. If the specified drawable parameter is
|
||||
valid, the text will be created as a floating selection attached to
|
||||
the drawable. If the drawable parameter is not valid (-1), the text
|
||||
will appear as a new layer. Finally, a border can be specified around
|
||||
the final rendered text. The border is measured in pixels.\\
|
||||
\bf Inputs \rm
|
||||
\begin{itemize}
|
||||
\item {\it image} (PDB\_IMAGE)--The image
|
||||
\item {\it drawable} (PDB\_DRAWABLE)--The affected drawable: (-1 for a new text layer)
|
||||
\item {\it x} (PDB\_FLOAT)--The x coordinate for the left side of text bounding box
|
||||
\item {\it y} (PDB\_FLOAT)--The y coordinate for the top of text bounding box
|
||||
\item {\it text} (PDB\_STRING)--The text to generate
|
||||
\item {\it border} (PDB\_INT32)--The size of the border: border >= 0
|
||||
\item {\it antialias} (PDB\_INT32)--Generate antialiased text
|
||||
\item {\it size} (PDB\_FLOAT)--The size of text in either pixels or points
|
||||
\item {\it size\_type} (PDB\_INT32)--The units of the specified size: \{ PIXELS (0), POINTS (1) \}
|
||||
\item {\it foundry} (PDB\_STRING)--The font foundry, "*" for any
|
||||
\item {\it family} (PDB\_STRING)--The font family, "*" for any
|
||||
\item {\it weight} (PDB\_STRING)--The font weight, "*" for any
|
||||
\item {\it slant} (PDB\_STRING)--The font slant, "*" for any
|
||||
\item {\it set\_width} (PDB\_STRING)--The font set-width parameter, "*" for any
|
||||
\item {\it spacing} (PDB\_STRING)--The font spacing, "*" for any
|
||||
\end{itemize}
|
||||
\bf Outputs \rm
|
||||
\begin{itemize}
|
||||
\item {\it text\_layer} (PDB\_LAYER)--The new text layer
|
||||
\end{itemize}}
|
||||
|
||||
\item {\scriptsize{\bf gimp\_blend} {\it image, drawable, blend\_mode, paint\_mode, gradient\_type, opacity, offset, repeat, x1, y1, x2, y2}\\
|
||||
This tool requires information on the paint application mode, the
|
||||
blend mode, and the gradient type. It creates the specified variety
|
||||
of blend using the starting and ending coordinates as defined for each
|
||||
gradient type.\\
|
||||
\bf Inputs \rm
|
||||
\begin{itemize}
|
||||
\item {\it image} (PDB\_IMAGE)--The image
|
||||
\item {\it drawable} (PDB\_DRAWABLE)--The affected drawable
|
||||
\item {\it blend\_mode} (PDB\_INT32)--The type of blend: \{ FG-BG-RGB (0), FG-BG-HSV (1), FG-TRANS (2), CUSTOM (3) \}
|
||||
\item {\it paint\_mode} (PDB\_INT32)--The paint application mode: \{ NORMAL (0), DISSOLVE (1), BEHIND (2), MULTIPLY (3), SCREEN (4), OVERLAY (5) DIFFERENCE (6), ADDITION (7), SUBTRACT (8), DARKEN-ONLY (9), LIGHTEN-ONLY (10), HUE (11), SATURATION (12), COLOR (13), VALUE (14) \}
|
||||
\item {\it gradient\_type} (PDB\_INT32)--The type of gradient: \{ LINEAR (0), BILINEAR (1), RADIAL (2), SQUARE (3), CONICAL-SYMMETRIC (4), CONICAL-ASYMMETRIC (5), SHAPEBURST-ANGULAR (6), SHAPEBURST-SPHERICAL (7), SHAPEBURST-DIMPLED (8) \}
|
||||
\item {\it opacity} (PDB\_FLOAT)--The opacity of the final blend (0 <= opacity <= 100)
|
||||
\item {\it offset} (PDB\_FLOAT)--Offset relates to the starting and ending coordinates specified for the blend. This parameter is mode depndent (0 <= offset)
|
||||
\item {\it repeat} (PDB\_INT32)--Repeat the gradient indefinitely along the direction vector
|
||||
\item {\it x1} (PDB\_FLOAT)--The x coordinate of this blend's starting point
|
||||
\item {\it y1} (PDB\_FLOAT)--The y coordinate of this blend's starting point
|
||||
\item {\it x2} (PDB\_FLOAT)--The x coordinate of this blend's ending point
|
||||
\item {\it y2} (PDB\_FLOAT)--The y coordinate of this blend's ending point
|
||||
\end{itemize}}
|
||||
\end{itemize}
|
||||
\onecolumn
|
||||
|
||||
\section{Script-Fu Logos}
|
||||
|
||||
Plates 1-4 are example outputs of Script-Fu scripts:
|
||||
\begin{itemize}
|
||||
\item {\bf Carve-It}
|
||||
\begin{itemize}
|
||||
\item {\bf Image}:
|
||||
http://scheme.xcf.berkeley.edu/net-fu/images/plates1-2.jpg
|
||||
\item {\bf Script}:
|
||||
http://scheme.xcf.berkeley.edu/net-fu/scripts/carve.scm
|
||||
\item {\bf Net-Fu Logo}:
|
||||
http://scheme.xcf.berkeley.edu/net-fu/carve.html
|
||||
\end{itemize}
|
||||
\item {\bf Starscape Nova}
|
||||
\begin{itemize}
|
||||
\item {\bf Image}:
|
||||
http://scheme.xcf.berkeley.edu/net-fu/images/plates1-2.jpg
|
||||
\item {\bf Script}:
|
||||
http://scheme.xcf.berkeley.edu/net-fu/scripts/starscape.scm
|
||||
\item {\bf Net-Fu Logo}:
|
||||
http://scheme.xcf.berkeley.edu/net-fu/starscape.html
|
||||
\end{itemize}
|
||||
\item {\bf Chrome}
|
||||
\begin{itemize}
|
||||
\item {\bf Image}:
|
||||
http://scheme.xcf.berkeley.edu/net-fu/images/plates3-4.jpg
|
||||
\item {\bf Script}:
|
||||
http://scheme.xcf.berkeley.edu/net-fu/scripts/chrome2.scm
|
||||
\item {\bf Net-Fu Logo}:
|
||||
http://scheme.xcf.berkeley.edu/net-fu/chrome2.html
|
||||
\end{itemize}
|
||||
\item {\bf Crystal/Gel}
|
||||
\begin{itemize}
|
||||
\item {\bf Image}:
|
||||
http://scheme.xcf.berkeley.edu/net-fu/images/plates3-4.jpg
|
||||
\item {\bf Script}:
|
||||
http://scheme.xcf.berkeley.edu/net-fu/scripts/crystal.scm
|
||||
\item {\bf Net-Fu Logo}:
|
||||
http://scheme.xcf.berkeley.edu/net-fu/crystal.html
|
||||
\end{itemize}
|
||||
\end{itemize}
|
||||
|
||||
\section{Net-Fu WWW Interface}
|
||||
|
||||
{\bf http://scheme.xcf.berkeley.edu/net-fu/}
|
||||
|
||||
\end{document}
|
||||
File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load Diff
|
|
@ -1,309 +0,0 @@
|
|||
\documentclass[12pt]{article}
|
||||
|
||||
\usepackage{times}
|
||||
|
||||
\let\slash=/
|
||||
\catcode`\/=\active
|
||||
\def/{\futurelet\next\slashswitch}
|
||||
\def\slashswitch{\ifx\next/\let\next=\udblslash\else\let\next=\uslash\fi
|
||||
\next}
|
||||
\def\uslash{\slash\penalty\exhyphenpenalty}
|
||||
\def\udblslash/{\slash\slash\penalty\exhyphenpenalty}
|
||||
\def\url{\begingroup\tt}
|
||||
\def\endurl{\endgroup}
|
||||
|
||||
\def\gimp{{\sc gimp}}
|
||||
\def\gnu{{\sc gnu}}
|
||||
\def\gpl{{\sc gpl}}
|
||||
|
||||
\newcommand{\FIXME}[1]{\emph{*** FIXME: #1 ***}}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{document}
|
||||
|
||||
\title{GNU Image Manipulation Program\\
|
||||
Technology White Paper}
|
||||
\date{}
|
||||
\maketitle
|
||||
|
||||
\part{Introduction}
|
||||
|
||||
The {\bf G}NU\footnote{Please see \url http://www.gnu.org \endurl for
|
||||
information on the \gnu\ Project.} {\bf I}mage {\bf M}anipulation {\bf
|
||||
P}rogram (\gimp) is a powerful tool for the preparation and
|
||||
manipulation of digital images. The \gimp\ provides the user with a
|
||||
wide variety of image manipulation, painting, processing, and
|
||||
rendering tools. The key to the \gimp's power lies in its flexible
|
||||
core and easily extensible design. The \gimp's open design and
|
||||
extensible architecture make for a very powerful end product which can
|
||||
continue to be extended to meet the needs of the photo compositor,
|
||||
image retoucher, web graphics designer, or digital illustrator for a
|
||||
very long time.
|
||||
|
||||
The \gimp's extensible plug-in architecture allows for image
|
||||
manipulation procedures and other functionality to be easily added
|
||||
without requiring any change to the application core. A plug-in can
|
||||
provide functionality as simple as rotating an image, or as
|
||||
complicated as rendering iterated function system fractals. There are
|
||||
nearly 150 plug-ins available in version 1.0, and more are sure to
|
||||
follow.
|
||||
|
||||
The plug-in architecture also allows the \gimp\ to support a wide
|
||||
variety of file formats. File operations are implemented by special
|
||||
\emph{file plug-ins}, allowing additional file formats to be added
|
||||
without modification to the core. File formats supported in version
|
||||
1.0 include the popular GIF and JPEG standards, as well as PNG, TIFF,
|
||||
XPM, SGI, PCX, and Windows BMP.
|
||||
|
||||
An innovative tile management system allows the \gimp\ to be used to
|
||||
edit images much larger than can be stored in system memory; the
|
||||
user's available disk space is the only real limit to the size of the
|
||||
image a user can edit.
|
||||
|
||||
While the \gimp's primary emphasis is on image manipulation, it also
|
||||
offers a complete set of painting tools for use in image creation.
|
||||
Version 1.0 offers pencil, paintbrush, eraser, airbrush, and cloning
|
||||
tools, as well as a variable-strength convolver. All of these tools
|
||||
(except the eraser) can be operated in any of the \gimp's 15 painting
|
||||
modes. A powerful gradient generator, with a very versatile custom
|
||||
gradient editor, makes colored blends easy.
|
||||
|
||||
A full battery of image manipulators are available, including
|
||||
rotation, scaling, translation, color, brightness, and contrast
|
||||
adjustment, and gamma correction. In addition, a great many other
|
||||
useful transformations are available as plug-ins, and the ease of
|
||||
extensibility here means that new capabilities are being added all the
|
||||
time.
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, the most impressive feature of the \gimp\ is that it is
|
||||
available under the terms of the GNU General Public License
|
||||
(\gpl).\footnote{Please see \url http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html
|
||||
\endurl for the full text of the \gpl.} The entire source code is
|
||||
freely available and distributed. This openness has fostered a very
|
||||
active development community and large user base, out of which a
|
||||
superior product has arisen.
|
||||
|
||||
\part{Core architecture}
|
||||
|
||||
\section{Images}
|
||||
|
||||
The basic operating element of any digital image editor is the
|
||||
\emph{image}. In the \gimp, images are constructed out of
|
||||
\emph{layers}, which are stacked on top of on another through a
|
||||
process called \emph{composition} to produce a \emph{projection},
|
||||
which is what is displayed to the user. In addition to having any
|
||||
number of layers, a \gimp\ image may have one or more user-defined
|
||||
\emph{channels}, as well as a \emph{selection mask}. Channels and
|
||||
selection masks are discussed later. Together, these three objects
|
||||
(layers, channels, and selection masks) along with \emph{layer masks}
|
||||
(also to be discussed later) are known as \emph{drawables}, because
|
||||
the drawing tools work on all of them and they are the only internal
|
||||
structures into which the program can paint to.\footnote{There is
|
||||
presently no way to draw directly onto a selection mask using the user
|
||||
interface. However, the user can create an invisible channel, paint
|
||||
there, and ask the program to turn the channel into a selection mask.}
|
||||
|
||||
Images in the \gimp\ are typed, and there are presently three types of
|
||||
image: RGB, grayscale, and indexed. The type of image determines the
|
||||
representation of the pixels in the image. In an RGB image, each
|
||||
pixel of the composited image is represented by a 24-bit RGB tuple;
|
||||
all 16 million possible colors are potentially available in the
|
||||
composited image. Grayscale images are monochromatic, and each pixel
|
||||
is a single 8-bit gray value, yielding 256 shades of gray. Indexed
|
||||
images represent each pixel as an index into a color table, each entry
|
||||
of which is a 24-bit RGB tuple. The type of all layers within an
|
||||
image must be compatible with the image type.
|
||||
|
||||
\section{Drawables}
|
||||
|
||||
A \emph{drawable} is a linear array of pixel data; however, the
|
||||
contents of a drawable need not necessarily be used solely for
|
||||
rendering as pixel data (for example, selection masks are drawables
|
||||
internal to the program, and they are not directly ``paintable'' by the
|
||||
user).
|
||||
|
||||
Each drawable contains from one to four data channels (not to be
|
||||
confused with the channels spoken of elsewhere in this document),
|
||||
depending on the type of the drawable. Each data channel is eight
|
||||
bits deep.
|
||||
|
||||
There are six types of drawables (see table \ref{tab:drawables}).
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{table}
|
||||
\centering
|
||||
\begin{tabular}{lcl}
|
||||
Type & Data channels & Contents of channels \\
|
||||
\hline
|
||||
RGB & 3 & red, green, blue \\
|
||||
RGB w/ alpha & 4 & red, green, blue, alpha \\
|
||||
Grayscale & 1 & intensity \\
|
||||
Grayscale w/ alpha & 2 & intensity, alpha \\
|
||||
Indexed & 1 & color index \\
|
||||
Indexed w/ alpha & 2 & color index, alpha \\
|
||||
\end{tabular}
|
||||
\caption{Drawable Types}
|
||||
\label{tab:drawables}
|
||||
\end{table}
|
||||
|
||||
\subsection{Layers}
|
||||
|
||||
Each \emph{layer} is a drawable. Layers of any drawable type are
|
||||
possible, but the type of a layer must be compatible with the type of
|
||||
the image of which it is a part. A layer type is compatible with an
|
||||
image type if the two are the same, or if the layer type is the same
|
||||
as the image type with an added alpha channel (for example, a
|
||||
grayscale image cannot contain an RGB layer). Every layer is part of
|
||||
exactly one image.
|
||||
|
||||
The user may selectively make any layer of an invisible; invisible
|
||||
layers do not contribute to the composition process.
|
||||
|
||||
\subsubsection{Layer masks}
|
||||
|
||||
Optionally, any layer with an alpha channel may have an added
|
||||
\emph{layer mask}. The layer mask is a separate channel which is
|
||||
multiplied into that layer's drawable alpha channel whenever that
|
||||
layer contributes to a projection. The user can elect to temporarily
|
||||
disable this effect of a layer mask for editing purposes, or cause the
|
||||
layer mask to be substituted for the main drawable; these effects are
|
||||
mainly for convenience in editing. The user can also merge the layer
|
||||
mask back into the layer's main drawable, or discard it.
|
||||
|
||||
\subsection{Channels}
|
||||
|
||||
The term ``channels'' actually refers to three different things in the
|
||||
\gimp: layer masks, selection masks, and custom channels. In all
|
||||
three cases, a channel consists of an array of 8-bit values; the
|
||||
interpretation of these values varies depending on the type of
|
||||
channel.
|
||||
|
||||
In addition to these channel types, each image also has either one or
|
||||
three ``virtual'' channels (one for grayscale and indexed images,
|
||||
three for RGB). These virtual channels (sometimes called ``color
|
||||
channels'') are merely a convenience to the user and are not drawables
|
||||
by themselves. These virtual channels can be made visible or
|
||||
invisible, and for images where there is more than one virtual
|
||||
channel, each can be made visible or invisible independently of the
|
||||
others. Normally all the virtual channels are active, and all
|
||||
painting operations modify all three the channels. When a virtual
|
||||
channel is invisible, both layer composition and layer painting
|
||||
operations ignore that channel. This is useful in two situations:
|
||||
first, when the user wants to see only a subset of the color channels
|
||||
(RGB); and second, when the user wants to paint on the image but only
|
||||
modify a subset of the channels.
|
||||
|
||||
\section{Tiles}
|
||||
|
||||
\section{Pixel Regions}
|
||||
|
||||
\section{The Paint Core}
|
||||
|
||||
\subsection{Brushes}
|
||||
|
||||
All brushes in gimp are implemented as greyscale bitmap masks. They
|
||||
are 8-bit greyscale and provide 256 levels of grey.
|
||||
|
||||
The format for the Brush file is the .gbr format (Gimp brush). Gimp
|
||||
includes a file plugin to load and save this format, so brushes can be
|
||||
created and edited using GIMP itself.
|
||||
|
||||
These brushes can be used by any of the paint tools (paintbrush,
|
||||
airbrush, clone, etc).
|
||||
|
||||
Brushes are completely customizable and are not limited to simple
|
||||
pre-made shapes. Any greyscale image can conceivibly used as a brush.
|
||||
|
||||
\section{Selections}
|
||||
|
||||
\section{Tools}
|
||||
|
||||
\section{xcf format}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\subsection{Gradient tool}
|
||||
|
||||
The gradient tool lets the user easily create color gradients. It
|
||||
supports several gradient types: linear, bilinear, radial, square,
|
||||
conical, and the special ``shapeburst'' mode, which makes the gradient
|
||||
follow the shape of the active selection.
|
||||
|
||||
Normally, the blend tool creates color gradients between the current
|
||||
foreground and background colors. It supports four blending modes:
|
||||
linear interpolation between the RGB components, linear interpolation
|
||||
between the HSV versions of the colors (for rainbow effects), blending
|
||||
from the foreground color to transparent, and the very powerful custom
|
||||
gradient feature.
|
||||
|
||||
Gradients are calculated with respect to a direction vector. The user
|
||||
can specify whether the gradient is to be rendered normally (only once
|
||||
along the direction vector), or repeated along the direction vector
|
||||
using a sawtooth or triangular wave pattern.
|
||||
|
||||
A unique feature of the \gimp's gradient tool is its support for
|
||||
user-defined, custom color gradients. The \gimp\ sports a
|
||||
fully-featured color gradient editor that lets the user create color
|
||||
gradients with an arbitrary number of color transitions.
|
||||
|
||||
A custom gradient is represented internally as a list of contiguous,
|
||||
non overlapping segments that define a partition of the range $[0, 1]$.
|
||||
Each segment has the following properties:
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{itemize}
|
||||
|
||||
\item Left and right colors that blend smoothly inside the segment.
|
||||
|
||||
\item An off-center midpoint, which can be used to bias the color
|
||||
blend to the left or to the right.
|
||||
|
||||
\item A blending function, which can be linear, curved (with an
|
||||
exponent), sinuosidal, or spherical (increasing and decreasing).
|
||||
|
||||
\item A coloring type, which can be RGB interpolation, clockwise or
|
||||
couterclockwise HSV interpolation.
|
||||
|
||||
\end{itemize}
|
||||
|
||||
The user can drag the segments' endpoints left and right. Segments
|
||||
can be inserted and deleted at any time. The gradient editor provides
|
||||
several useful functions for manipulating segments (split, flip,
|
||||
replicate) that make creation of custom gradients easy and convenient.
|
||||
The color segments support full transparency information, making for
|
||||
even more flexible gradients.
|
||||
|
||||
To avoid sampling artifacts (the ``jaggies''), the gradient rendering
|
||||
engine supports adaptive supersampling with customizable threshold and
|
||||
recursion depth parameters. With adaptive supersampling even the most
|
||||
complex custom gradients will be rendered smoothly without
|
||||
artifacting.
|
||||
|
||||
\FIXME{drawing or screenshot?}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\part{Plug-ins and the PDB}
|
||||
|
||||
\section{Procedures}
|
||||
|
||||
The \gimp\ core consists of 215\footnote{In version 0.99.16. This
|
||||
number tends to go up with time.} procedures which operate on images
|
||||
in a great variety of ways.
|
||||
|
||||
The procedures register themselves in the Procedural Database (or
|
||||
PDB). All plugins have access to all the procedures in the PDB, and
|
||||
most of the scripting extentions provide full access to the PDB. The
|
||||
PDB is basically an API for programming high level internal \gimp\
|
||||
functions and procedures.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\FIXME{General overview}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\end{document}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue