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Improve ONNX import book section (#2059) 

* Improve ONNX importing section

* Update onnx-model.md
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# Import ONNX Model
# Importing ONNX Models in Burn
## Why Importing Models is Necessary
## Table of Contents
In the realm of deep learning, it's common to switch between different frameworks depending on your
project's specific needs. Maybe you've painstakingly fine-tuned a model in TensorFlow or PyTorch and
now you want to reap the benefits of Burn's unique features for deployment or further testing. This
is precisely the scenario where importing models into Burn can be a game-changer.
1. [Introduction](#introduction)
2. [Why Import Models?](#why-import-models)
3. [Understanding ONNX](#understanding-onnx)
4. [Burn's ONNX Support](#burns-onnx-support)
5. [Step-by-Step Guide](#step-by-step-guide)
6. [Advanced Configuration](#advanced-configuration)
7. [Loading and Using Models](#loading-and-using-models)
8. [Troubleshooting](#troubleshooting)
9. [Examples and Resources](#examples-and-resources)
10. [Conclusion](#conclusion)
## Traditional Methods: The Drawbacks
## Introduction
If you've been working with other deep learning frameworks like PyTorch, it's likely that you've
exported model weights before. PyTorch, for instance, lets you save model weights using its
`torch.save()` function. Yet, to port this model to another framework, you face the arduous task of
manually recreating the architecture in the destination framework before loading in the weights. Not
only is this method tedious, but it's also error-prone and hinders smooth interoperability between
As the field of deep learning continues to evolve, the need for interoperability between different
frameworks becomes increasingly important. Burn, a modern deep learning framework in Rust,
recognizes this need and provides robust support for importing models from other popular frameworks.
This section focuses on importing
[ONNX (Open Neural Network Exchange)](https://onnx.ai/onnx/intro/index.html) models into Burn,
enabling you to leverage pre-trained models and seamlessly integrate them into your Rust-based deep
learning projects.
## Why Import Models?
Importing pre-trained models offers several advantages:
1. **Time-saving**: Avoid the need to train models from scratch, which can be time-consuming and
resource-intensive.
2. **Access to state-of-the-art architectures**: Utilize cutting-edge models developed by
researchers and industry leaders.
3. **Transfer learning**: Fine-tune imported models for your specific tasks, benefiting from
knowledge transfer.
4. **Consistency across frameworks**: Ensure consistent performance when moving from one framework
to another.
## Understanding ONNX
ONNX (Open Neural Network Exchange) is an open format designed to represent machine learning models.
Key features include:
- **Framework agnostic**: ONNX provides a common format that works across various deep learning
frameworks.
- **Comprehensive representation**: It captures both the model architecture and trained weights.
- **Wide support**: Many popular frameworks like PyTorch, TensorFlow, and scikit-learn support ONNX
export.
It's worth noting that for models using cutting-edge, framework-specific features, manual porting
might be the only option, as standards like ONNX might not yet support these new innovations.
By using ONNX, you can easily move models between different frameworks and deployment environments.
## Enter ONNX
## Burn's ONNX Support
[ONNX (Open Neural Network Exchange)](https://onnx.ai/onnx/intro/index.html) is designed to solve
such complications. It's an open-standard format that exports both the architecture and the weights
of a deep learning model. This feature makes it exponentially easier to move models between
different frameworks, thereby significantly aiding interoperability. ONNX is supported by a number
of frameworks including but not limited to TensorFlow, PyTorch, Caffe2, and Microsoft Cognitive
Toolkit.
Burn takes a unique approach to ONNX import, offering several advantages:
### Advantages of ONNX
1. **Native Rust code generation**: ONNX models are translated into Rust source code, allowing for
deep integration with Burn's ecosystem.
2. **Compile-time optimization**: The generated Rust code can be optimized by the Rust compiler,
potentially improving performance.
3. **No runtime dependency**: Unlike some solutions that require an ONNX runtime, Burn's approach
eliminates this dependency.
4. **Trainability**: Imported models can be further trained or fine-tuned using Burn.
5. **Portability**: The generated Rust code can be compiled for various targets, including
WebAssembly and embedded devices.
6. **Any Burn Backend**: The imported models can be used with any of Burn's backends.
ONNX stands out for encapsulating two key elements:
## Step-by-Step Guide
1. **Model Information**: It captures the architecture, detailing the layers, their connections, and
configurations.
2. **Weights**: ONNX also contains the trained model's weights.
Let's walk through the process of importing an ONNX model into a Burn project:
This dual encapsulation not only simplifies the porting of models between frameworks but also allows
seamless deployment across different environments without compatibility concerns.
### Step 1: Update `build.rs`
## Burn's ONNX Support: Importing Made Easy
First, add the `burn-import` crate to your `Cargo.toml`:
Understanding the important role that ONNX plays in the contemporary deep learning landscape, Burn
simplifies the process of importing ONNX models via an intuitive API designed to mesh well with
Burn's ecosystem.
```toml
[build-dependencies]
burn-import = "0.14.0"
```
Burn's solution is to translate ONNX files into Rust source code as well as Burn-compatible weights.
This transformation is carried out through the burn-import crate's code generator during build time,
providing advantages for both executing and further training ONNX models.
Then, in your `build.rs` file:
### Advantages of Burn's ONNX Approach
1. **Native Integration**: The generated Rust code is fully integrated into Burn's architecture,
enabling your model to run on various backends without the need for a separate ONNX runtime.
2. **Trainability**: The imported model is not just for inference; it can be further trained or
fine-tuned using Burn's native training loop.
3. **Portability**: As the model is converted to Rust source code, it can be compiled into
WebAssembly for browser execution. Likewise, this approach is beneficial for no-std embedded
devices.
4. **Optimization**: Rust's compiler can further optimize the generated code for target
architectures, thereby improving performance.
### Sample Code for Importing ONNX Model
Below is a step-by-step guide to importing an ONNX model into a Burn-based project:
#### Step 1: Update `build.rs`
Include the `burn-import` crate and use the following Rust code in your `build.rs`:
```rust, ignore
```rust
use burn_import::onnx::ModelGen;
fn main() {
// Generate Rust code from the ONNX model file
ModelGen::new()
.input("src/model/mnist.onnx")
.input("src/model/my_model.onnx")
.out_dir("model/")
.run_from_script();
}
```
#### Step 2: Modify `mod.rs`
This script uses `ModelGen` to generate Rust code from your ONNX model during the build process.
Add this code to the `mod.rs` file located in `src/model`:
### Step 2: Modify `mod.rs`
```rust, ignore
pub mod mnist {
include!(concat!(env!("OUT_DIR"), "/model/mnist.rs"));
In your `src/model/mod.rs` file, include the generated code:
```rust
pub mod my_model {
include!(concat!(env!("OUT_DIR"), "/model/my_model.rs"));
}
```
#### Step 3: Utilize Imported Model
This makes the generated model code available in your project.
Here's how to use the imported model in your application:
### Step 3: Use the Imported Model
```rust, ignore
mod model;
Now you can use the imported model in your Rust code:
```rust
use burn::tensor;
use burn_ndarray::{NdArray, NdArrayDevice};
use model::mnist::Model;
use model::my_model::Model;
fn main() {
// Initialize a new model instance
let device = NdArrayDevice::default();
let model: Model<NdArray<f32>> = Model::new(&device);
// Create a sample input tensor (zeros for demonstration)
let input = tensor::Tensor::<NdArray<f32>, 4>::zeros([1, 1, 28, 28], &device);
// Create model instance and load weights from target dir default device.
// (see more load options below in "Loading and Using Models" section)
let model: Model<NdArray<f32>> = Model::default();
// Create input tensor (replace with your actual input)
let input = tensor::Tensor::<NdArray<f32>, 4>::zeros([1, 3, 224, 224], &device);
// Perform inference
let output = model.forward(input);
// Print the output
println!("{:?}", output);
println!("Model output: {:?}", output);
}
```
### Working Examples
## Advanced Configuration
For practical examples, please refer to:
The `ModelGen` struct offers several configuration options:
```rust
ModelGen::new()
.input("path/to/model.onnx")
.out_dir("model/")
.record_type(RecordType::NamedMpk)
.half_precision(false)
.embed_states(false)
.run_from_script();
```
- `record_type`: Specifies the format for storing weights (Bincode, NamedMpk, NamedMpkGz, or
PrettyJson).
- `half_precision`: Use half-precision (f16) for weights to reduce model size.
- `embed_states`: Embed model weights directly in the generated Rust code. Note: This requires
record type `Bincode`.
## Loading and Using Models
Depending on your configuration, you can load models in different ways:
```rust
// Create a new model instance with device. Initializes weights randomly and lazily.
// You can load weights via `load_record` afterwards.
let model = Model::<Backend>::new(&device);
// Load from a file (must specify weights file in the target output directory or copy it from there).
// File type should match the record type specified in `ModelGen`.
let model = Model::<Backend>::from_file("path/to/weights", &device);
// Load from embedded weights (if embed_states was true)
let model = Model::<Backend>::from_embedded();
// Load from the out director location and load to default device (useful for testing)
let model = Model::<Backend>::default();
```
## Troubleshooting
Here are some common issues and their solutions:
1. **Unsupported ONNX operator**: If you encounter an error about an unsupported operator, check the
[list of supported ONNX operators](https://github.com/tracel-ai/burn/blob/main/crates/burn-import/SUPPORTED-ONNX-OPS.md).
You may need to simplify your model or wait for support to be added.
2. **Build errors**: Ensure that your `burn-import` version matches your Burn version. Also, check
that the ONNX file path in `build.rs` is correct.
3. **Runtime errors**: If you get errors when running your model, double-check that your input
tensors match the expected shape and data type of your model.
4. **Performance issues**: If your imported model is slower than expected, try using the
`half_precision` option to reduce memory usage, or experiment with different `record_type`
options.
5. **Artifact Files**: You can view the generated Rust code and weights files in the `OUT_DIR`
directory specified in `build.rs` (usually `target/debug/build/<project>/out`).
## Examples and Resources
For more detailed examples, check out:
1. [MNIST Inference Example](https://github.com/tracel-ai/burn/tree/main/examples/onnx-inference)
2. [SqueezeNet Image Classification](https://github.com/tracel-ai/models/tree/main/squeezenet-burn)
By combining ONNX's robustness with Burn's unique features, you'll have the flexibility and power to
streamline your deep learning workflows like never before.
These examples demonstrate real-world usage of ONNX import in Burn projects.
## Conclusion
Importing ONNX models into Burn opens up a world of possibilities, allowing you to leverage
pre-trained models from other frameworks while taking advantage of Burn's performance and Rust's
safety features. By following this guide, you should be able to seamlessly integrate ONNX models
into your Burn projects, whether for inference, fine-tuning, or as a starting point for further
development.
Remember that the `burn-import` crate is actively developed, with ongoing work to support more ONNX
operators and improve performance. Stay tuned to the Burn repository for updates and new features!
---
> 🚨**Note**: `burn-import` crate is in active development and currently supports a
> [limited set of ONNX operators](https://github.com/tracel-ai/burn/blob/main/crates/burn-import/SUPPORTED-ONNX-OPS.md).
> 🚨**Note**: The `burn-import` crate is in active development. For the most up-to-date information
> on supported ONNX operators, please refer to the
> [official documentation](https://github.com/tracel-ai/burn/blob/main/crates/burn-import/SUPPORTED-ONNX-OPS.md).