diff --git a/src/handler/future.rs b/src/handler/future.rs
index 0810dc52..3c78cb42 100644
--- a/src/handler/future.rs
+++ b/src/handler/future.rs
@@ -1,43 +1,38 @@
 //! Handler future types.
 
 use crate::body::{box_body, BoxBody};
+use futures_util::future::{BoxFuture, Either};
 use http::{Method, Request, Response};
 use http_body::Empty;
 use pin_project_lite::pin_project;
 use std::{
-    convert::Infallible,
+    fmt,
     future::Future,
     pin::Pin,
     task::{Context, Poll},
 };
-use tower::Service;
-
-opaque_future! {
-    /// The response future for [`IntoService`](super::IntoService).
-    pub type IntoServiceFuture =
-        futures_util::future::BoxFuture<'static, Result<Response<BoxBody>, Infallible>>;
-}
+use tower::{util::Oneshot, Service};
 
 pin_project! {
     /// The response future for [`OnMethod`](super::OnMethod).
-    #[derive(Debug)]
-    pub struct OnMethodFuture<S, F, B>
+    pub struct OnMethodFuture<F, B>
     where
-        S: Service<Request<B>>,
         F: Service<Request<B>>
     {
         #[pin]
-        pub(super) inner: crate::routing::future::RouteFuture<S, F, B>,
+        pub(super) inner: Either<
+            BoxFuture<'static, Result<Response<BoxBody>, F::Error>>,
+            Oneshot<F, Request<B>>,
+        >,
         pub(super) req_method: Method,
     }
 }
 
-impl<S, F, B> Future for OnMethodFuture<S, F, B>
+impl<F, B> Future for OnMethodFuture<F, B>
 where
-    S: Service<Request<B>, Response = Response<BoxBody>>,
-    F: Service<Request<B>, Response = Response<BoxBody>, Error = S::Error>,
+    F: Service<Request<B>, Response = Response<BoxBody>>,
 {
-    type Output = Result<Response<BoxBody>, S::Error>;
+    type Output = Result<Response<BoxBody>, F::Error>;
 
     fn poll(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
         let this = self.project();
@@ -50,3 +45,12 @@ where
         }
     }
 }
+
+impl<F, B> fmt::Debug for OnMethodFuture<F, B>
+where
+    F: Service<Request<B>>,
+{
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("OnMethodFuture").finish()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/handler/mod.rs b/src/handler/mod.rs
index c94f69ea..cda572da 100644
--- a/src/handler/mod.rs
+++ b/src/handler/mod.rs
@@ -4,11 +4,12 @@ use crate::{
     body::{box_body, BoxBody},
     extract::FromRequest,
     response::IntoResponse,
-    routing::{future::RouteFuture, EmptyRouter, MethodFilter},
+    routing::{EmptyRouter, MethodFilter},
     service::{HandleError, HandleErrorFromRouter},
 };
 use async_trait::async_trait;
 use bytes::Bytes;
+use futures_util::future::Either;
 use http::{Request, Response};
 use std::{
     convert::Infallible,
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ pub mod future;
 /// # axum::Server::bind(&"".parse().unwrap()).serve(app.into_make_service()).await.unwrap();
 /// # };
 /// ```
-pub fn any<H, B, T>(handler: H) -> OnMethod<IntoService<H, B, T>, EmptyRouter>
+pub fn any<H, B, T>(handler: H) -> OnMethod<H, B, T, EmptyRouter>
 where
     H: Handler<B, T>,
 {
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ where
 /// Route `CONNECT` requests to the given handler.
 ///
 /// See [`get`] for an example.
-pub fn connect<H, B, T>(handler: H) -> OnMethod<IntoService<H, B, T>, EmptyRouter>
+pub fn connect<H, B, T>(handler: H) -> OnMethod<H, B, T, EmptyRouter>
 where
     H: Handler<B, T>,
 {
@@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ where
 /// Route `DELETE` requests to the given handler.
 ///
 /// See [`get`] for an example.
-pub fn delete<H, B, T>(handler: H) -> OnMethod<IntoService<H, B, T>, EmptyRouter>
+pub fn delete<H, B, T>(handler: H) -> OnMethod<H, B, T, EmptyRouter>
 where
     H: Handler<B, T>,
 {
@@ -83,7 +84,7 @@ where
 /// Note that `get` routes will also be called for `HEAD` requests but will have
 /// the response body removed. Make sure to add explicit `HEAD` routes
 /// afterwards.
-pub fn get<H, B, T>(handler: H) -> OnMethod<IntoService<H, B, T>, EmptyRouter>
+pub fn get<H, B, T>(handler: H) -> OnMethod<H, B, T, EmptyRouter>
 where
     H: Handler<B, T>,
 {
@@ -93,7 +94,7 @@ where
 /// Route `HEAD` requests to the given handler.
 ///
 /// See [`get`] for an example.
-pub fn head<H, B, T>(handler: H) -> OnMethod<IntoService<H, B, T>, EmptyRouter>
+pub fn head<H, B, T>(handler: H) -> OnMethod<H, B, T, EmptyRouter>
 where
     H: Handler<B, T>,
 {
@@ -103,7 +104,7 @@ where
 /// Route `OPTIONS` requests to the given handler.
 ///
 /// See [`get`] for an example.
-pub fn options<H, B, T>(handler: H) -> OnMethod<IntoService<H, B, T>, EmptyRouter>
+pub fn options<H, B, T>(handler: H) -> OnMethod<H, B, T, EmptyRouter>
 where
     H: Handler<B, T>,
 {
@@ -113,7 +114,7 @@ where
 /// Route `PATCH` requests to the given handler.
 ///
 /// See [`get`] for an example.
-pub fn patch<H, B, T>(handler: H) -> OnMethod<IntoService<H, B, T>, EmptyRouter>
+pub fn patch<H, B, T>(handler: H) -> OnMethod<H, B, T, EmptyRouter>
 where
     H: Handler<B, T>,
 {
@@ -123,7 +124,7 @@ where
 /// Route `POST` requests to the given handler.
 ///
 /// See [`get`] for an example.
-pub fn post<H, B, T>(handler: H) -> OnMethod<IntoService<H, B, T>, EmptyRouter>
+pub fn post<H, B, T>(handler: H) -> OnMethod<H, B, T, EmptyRouter>
 where
     H: Handler<B, T>,
 {
@@ -133,7 +134,7 @@ where
 /// Route `PUT` requests to the given handler.
 ///
 /// See [`get`] for an example.
-pub fn put<H, B, T>(handler: H) -> OnMethod<IntoService<H, B, T>, EmptyRouter>
+pub fn put<H, B, T>(handler: H) -> OnMethod<H, B, T, EmptyRouter>
 where
     H: Handler<B, T>,
 {
@@ -143,7 +144,7 @@ where
 /// Route `TRACE` requests to the given handler.
 ///
 /// See [`get`] for an example.
-pub fn trace<H, B, T>(handler: H) -> OnMethod<IntoService<H, B, T>, EmptyRouter>
+pub fn trace<H, B, T>(handler: H) -> OnMethod<H, B, T, EmptyRouter>
 where
     H: Handler<B, T>,
 {
@@ -165,14 +166,15 @@ where
 /// # axum::Server::bind(&"".parse().unwrap()).serve(app.into_make_service()).await.unwrap();
 /// # };
 /// ```
-pub fn on<H, B, T>(method: MethodFilter, handler: H) -> OnMethod<IntoService<H, B, T>, EmptyRouter>
+pub fn on<H, B, T>(method: MethodFilter, handler: H) -> OnMethod<H, B, T, EmptyRouter>
 where
     H: Handler<B, T>,
 {
     OnMethod {
         method,
-        svc: handler.into_service(),
+        handler,
         fallback: EmptyRouter::method_not_allowed(),
+        _marker: PhantomData,
     }
 }
 
@@ -191,7 +193,7 @@ pub(crate) mod sealed {
 ///
 /// See the [module docs](crate::handler) for more details.
 #[async_trait]
-pub trait Handler<B, In>: Sized {
+pub trait Handler<B, T>: Clone + Send + Sized + 'static {
     // This seals the trait. We cannot use the regular "sealed super trait"
     // approach due to coherence.
     #[doc(hidden)]
@@ -231,23 +233,18 @@ pub trait Handler<B, In>: Sized {
     ///
     /// When adding middleware that might fail its recommended to handle those
     /// errors. See [`Layered::handle_error`] for more details.
-    fn layer<L>(self, layer: L) -> Layered<L::Service, In>
+    fn layer<L>(self, layer: L) -> Layered<L::Service, T>
     where
-        L: Layer<IntoService<Self, B, In>>,
+        L: Layer<OnMethod<Self, B, T, EmptyRouter>>,
     {
-        Layered::new(layer.layer(IntoService::new(self)))
-    }
-
-    /// Convert the handler into a [`Service`].
-    fn into_service(self) -> IntoService<Self, B, In> {
-        IntoService::new(self)
+        Layered::new(layer.layer(any(self)))
     }
 }
 
 #[async_trait]
 impl<F, Fut, Res, B> Handler<B, ()> for F
 where
-    F: FnOnce() -> Fut + Send + Sync,
+    F: FnOnce() -> Fut + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
     Fut: Future<Output = Res> + Send,
     Res: IntoResponse,
     B: Send + 'static,
@@ -268,7 +265,7 @@ macro_rules! impl_handler {
         #[allow(non_snake_case)]
         impl<F, Fut, B, Res, $head, $($tail,)*> Handler<B, ($head, $($tail,)*)> for F
         where
-            F: FnOnce($head, $($tail,)*) -> Fut + Send + Sync,
+            F: FnOnce($head, $($tail,)*) -> Fut + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
             Fut: Future<Output = Res> + Send,
             B: Send + 'static,
             Res: IntoResponse,
@@ -334,9 +331,10 @@ where
 #[async_trait]
 impl<S, T, ReqBody, ResBody> Handler<ReqBody, T> for Layered<S, T>
 where
-    S: Service<Request<ReqBody>, Response = Response<ResBody>> + Send,
+    S: Service<Request<ReqBody>, Response = Response<ResBody>> + Clone + Send + 'static,
     S::Error: IntoResponse,
     S::Future: Send,
+    T: 'static,
     ReqBody: Send + 'static,
     ResBody: http_body::Body<Data = Bytes> + Send + Sync + 'static,
     ResBody::Error: Into<BoxError> + Send + Sync + 'static,
@@ -387,89 +385,59 @@ impl<S, T> Layered<S, T> {
     }
 }
 
-/// An adapter that makes a [`Handler`] into a [`Service`].
-///
-/// Created with [`Handler::into_service`].
-pub struct IntoService<H, B, T> {
-    handler: H,
-    _marker: PhantomData<fn() -> (B, T)>,
+/// A handler [`Service`] that accepts requests based on a [`MethodFilter`] and
+/// allows chaining additional handlers.
+pub struct OnMethod<H, B, T, F> {
+    pub(crate) method: MethodFilter,
+    pub(crate) handler: H,
+    pub(crate) fallback: F,
+    pub(crate) _marker: PhantomData<fn() -> (B, T)>,
 }
 
-impl<H, B, T> IntoService<H, B, T> {
-    fn new(handler: H) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            handler,
-            _marker: PhantomData,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<H, B, T> fmt::Debug for IntoService<H, B, T>
+impl<H, B, T, F> fmt::Debug for OnMethod<H, B, T, F>
 where
-    H: fmt::Debug,
+    T: fmt::Debug,
+    F: fmt::Debug,
 {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        f.debug_struct("IntoService")
-            .field("handler", &self.handler)
+        f.debug_struct("OnMethod")
+            .field("method", &self.method)
+            .field("handler", &format_args!("{}", std::any::type_name::<H>()))
+            .field("fallback", &self.fallback)
             .finish()
     }
 }
 
-impl<H, B, T> Clone for IntoService<H, B, T>
+impl<H, B, T, F> Clone for OnMethod<H, B, T, F>
 where
     H: Clone,
+    F: Clone,
 {
     fn clone(&self) -> Self {
         Self {
+            method: self.method,
             handler: self.handler.clone(),
+            fallback: self.fallback.clone(),
             _marker: PhantomData,
         }
     }
 }
 
-impl<H, T, B> Service<Request<B>> for IntoService<H, B, T>
+impl<H, B, T, F> Copy for OnMethod<H, B, T, F>
 where
-    H: Handler<B, T> + Clone + Send + 'static,
-    B: Send + 'static,
+    H: Copy,
+    F: Copy,
 {
-    type Response = Response<BoxBody>;
-    type Error = Infallible;
-    type Future = future::IntoServiceFuture;
-
-    fn poll_ready(&mut self, _cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Result<(), Self::Error>> {
-        // `IntoService` can only be constructed from async functions which are always ready, or from
-        // `Layered` which bufferes in `<Layered as Handler>::call` and is therefore also always
-        // ready.
-        Poll::Ready(Ok(()))
-    }
-
-    fn call(&mut self, req: Request<B>) -> Self::Future {
-        let handler = self.handler.clone();
-        let future = Box::pin(async move {
-            let res = Handler::call(handler, req).await;
-            Ok(res)
-        });
-        future::IntoServiceFuture { future }
-    }
 }
 
-/// A handler [`Service`] that accepts requests based on a [`MethodFilter`] and
-/// allows chaining additional handlers.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
-pub struct OnMethod<S, F> {
-    pub(crate) method: MethodFilter,
-    pub(crate) svc: S,
-    pub(crate) fallback: F,
-}
-
-impl<S, F> OnMethod<S, F> {
+impl<H, B, T, F> OnMethod<H, B, T, F> {
     /// Chain an additional handler that will accept all requests regardless of
     /// its HTTP method.
     ///
     /// See [`OnMethod::get`] for an example.
-    pub fn any<H, B, T>(self, handler: H) -> OnMethod<IntoService<H, B, T>, Self>
+    pub fn any<H2, T2>(self, handler: H2) -> OnMethod<H2, B, T2, Self>
     where
-        H: Handler<B, T>,
+        H2: Handler<B, T2>,
     {
         self.on(MethodFilter::all(), handler)
     }
@@ -477,9 +445,9 @@ impl<S, F> OnMethod<S, F> {
     /// Chain an additional handler that will only accept `CONNECT` requests.
     ///
     /// See [`OnMethod::get`] for an example.
-    pub fn connect<H, B, T>(self, handler: H) -> OnMethod<IntoService<H, B, T>, Self>
+    pub fn connect<H2, T2>(self, handler: H2) -> OnMethod<H2, B, T2, Self>
     where
-        H: Handler<B, T>,
+        H2: Handler<B, T2>,
     {
         self.on(MethodFilter::CONNECT, handler)
     }
@@ -487,9 +455,9 @@ impl<S, F> OnMethod<S, F> {
     /// Chain an additional handler that will only accept `DELETE` requests.
     ///
     /// See [`OnMethod::get`] for an example.
-    pub fn delete<H, B, T>(self, handler: H) -> OnMethod<IntoService<H, B, T>, Self>
+    pub fn delete<H2, T2>(self, handler: H2) -> OnMethod<H2, B, T2, Self>
     where
-        H: Handler<B, T>,
+        H2: Handler<B, T2>,
     {
         self.on(MethodFilter::DELETE, handler)
     }
@@ -516,9 +484,9 @@ impl<S, F> OnMethod<S, F> {
     /// Note that `get` routes will also be called for `HEAD` requests but will have
     /// the response body removed. Make sure to add explicit `HEAD` routes
     /// afterwards.
-    pub fn get<H, B, T>(self, handler: H) -> OnMethod<IntoService<H, B, T>, Self>
+    pub fn get<H2, T2>(self, handler: H2) -> OnMethod<H2, B, T2, Self>
     where
-        H: Handler<B, T>,
+        H2: Handler<B, T2>,
     {
         self.on(MethodFilter::GET | MethodFilter::HEAD, handler)
     }
@@ -526,9 +494,9 @@ impl<S, F> OnMethod<S, F> {
     /// Chain an additional handler that will only accept `HEAD` requests.
     ///
     /// See [`OnMethod::get`] for an example.
-    pub fn head<H, B, T>(self, handler: H) -> OnMethod<IntoService<H, B, T>, Self>
+    pub fn head<H2, T2>(self, handler: H2) -> OnMethod<H2, B, T2, Self>
     where
-        H: Handler<B, T>,
+        H2: Handler<B, T2>,
     {
         self.on(MethodFilter::HEAD, handler)
     }
@@ -536,9 +504,9 @@ impl<S, F> OnMethod<S, F> {
     /// Chain an additional handler that will only accept `OPTIONS` requests.
     ///
     /// See [`OnMethod::get`] for an example.
-    pub fn options<H, B, T>(self, handler: H) -> OnMethod<IntoService<H, B, T>, Self>
+    pub fn options<H2, T2>(self, handler: H2) -> OnMethod<H2, B, T2, Self>
     where
-        H: Handler<B, T>,
+        H2: Handler<B, T2>,
     {
         self.on(MethodFilter::OPTIONS, handler)
     }
@@ -546,9 +514,9 @@ impl<S, F> OnMethod<S, F> {
     /// Chain an additional handler that will only accept `PATCH` requests.
     ///
     /// See [`OnMethod::get`] for an example.
-    pub fn patch<H, B, T>(self, handler: H) -> OnMethod<IntoService<H, B, T>, Self>
+    pub fn patch<H2, T2>(self, handler: H2) -> OnMethod<H2, B, T2, Self>
     where
-        H: Handler<B, T>,
+        H2: Handler<B, T2>,
     {
         self.on(MethodFilter::PATCH, handler)
     }
@@ -556,9 +524,9 @@ impl<S, F> OnMethod<S, F> {
     /// Chain an additional handler that will only accept `POST` requests.
     ///
     /// See [`OnMethod::get`] for an example.
-    pub fn post<H, B, T>(self, handler: H) -> OnMethod<IntoService<H, B, T>, Self>
+    pub fn post<H2, T2>(self, handler: H2) -> OnMethod<H2, B, T2, Self>
     where
-        H: Handler<B, T>,
+        H2: Handler<B, T2>,
     {
         self.on(MethodFilter::POST, handler)
     }
@@ -566,9 +534,9 @@ impl<S, F> OnMethod<S, F> {
     /// Chain an additional handler that will only accept `PUT` requests.
     ///
     /// See [`OnMethod::get`] for an example.
-    pub fn put<H, B, T>(self, handler: H) -> OnMethod<IntoService<H, B, T>, Self>
+    pub fn put<H2, T2>(self, handler: H2) -> OnMethod<H2, B, T2, Self>
     where
-        H: Handler<B, T>,
+        H2: Handler<B, T2>,
     {
         self.on(MethodFilter::PUT, handler)
     }
@@ -576,9 +544,9 @@ impl<S, F> OnMethod<S, F> {
     /// Chain an additional handler that will only accept `TRACE` requests.
     ///
     /// See [`OnMethod::get`] for an example.
-    pub fn trace<H, B, T>(self, handler: H) -> OnMethod<IntoService<H, B, T>, Self>
+    pub fn trace<H2, T2>(self, handler: H2) -> OnMethod<H2, B, T2, Self>
     where
-        H: Handler<B, T>,
+        H2: Handler<B, T2>,
     {
         self.on(MethodFilter::TRACE, handler)
     }
@@ -602,30 +570,28 @@ impl<S, F> OnMethod<S, F> {
     /// # axum::Server::bind(&"".parse().unwrap()).serve(app.into_make_service()).await.unwrap();
     /// # };
     /// ```
-    pub fn on<H, B, T>(
-        self,
-        method: MethodFilter,
-        handler: H,
-    ) -> OnMethod<IntoService<H, B, T>, Self>
+    pub fn on<H2, T2>(self, method: MethodFilter, handler: H2) -> OnMethod<H2, B, T2, Self>
     where
-        H: Handler<B, T>,
+        H2: Handler<B, T2>,
     {
         OnMethod {
             method,
-            svc: handler.into_service(),
+            handler,
             fallback: self,
+            _marker: PhantomData,
         }
     }
 }
 
-impl<S, F, B> Service<Request<B>> for OnMethod<S, F>
+impl<H, B, T, F> Service<Request<B>> for OnMethod<H, B, T, F>
 where
-    S: Service<Request<B>, Response = Response<BoxBody>, Error = Infallible> + Clone,
+    H: Handler<B, T>,
     F: Service<Request<B>, Response = Response<BoxBody>, Error = Infallible> + Clone,
+    B: Send + 'static,
 {
     type Response = Response<BoxBody>;
     type Error = Infallible;
-    type Future = future::OnMethodFuture<S, F, B>;
+    type Future = future::OnMethodFuture<F, B>;
 
     fn poll_ready(&mut self, _cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Result<(), Self::Error>> {
         Poll::Ready(Ok(()))
@@ -634,16 +600,20 @@ where
     fn call(&mut self, req: Request<B>) -> Self::Future {
         let req_method = req.method().clone();
 
-        let f = if self.method.matches(req.method()) {
-            let fut = self.svc.clone().oneshot(req);
-            RouteFuture::a(fut)
+        let fut = if self.method.matches(req.method()) {
+            let handler = self.handler.clone();
+            let fut = Box::pin(async move {
+                let res = Handler::call(handler, req).await;
+                Ok::<_, F::Error>(res)
+            }) as futures_util::future::BoxFuture<'static, _>;
+            Either::Left(fut)
         } else {
             let fut = self.fallback.clone().oneshot(req);
-            RouteFuture::b(fut)
+            Either::Right(fut)
         };
 
         future::OnMethodFuture {
-            inner: f,
+            inner: fut,
             req_method,
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/service/future.rs b/src/service/future.rs
index d1c0b89e..b80aac5a 100644
--- a/src/service/future.rs
+++ b/src/service/future.rs
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 use crate::{
     body::{box_body, BoxBody},
     response::IntoResponse,
+    util::{Either, EitherProj},
 };
 use bytes::Bytes;
 use futures_util::ready;
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ use std::{
     pin::Pin,
     task::{Context, Poll},
 };
-use tower::{BoxError, Service};
+use tower::{util::Oneshot, BoxError, Service};
 
 pin_project! {
     /// Response future for [`HandleError`](super::HandleError).
@@ -52,54 +53,41 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-pin_project! {
-    /// Response future for [`BoxResponseBody`].
-    #[derive(Debug)]
-    pub struct BoxResponseBodyFuture<F> {
-        #[pin]
-        pub(super) future: F,
-    }
-}
-
-impl<F, B, E> Future for BoxResponseBodyFuture<F>
-where
-    F: Future<Output = Result<Response<B>, E>>,
-    B: http_body::Body<Data = Bytes> + Send + Sync + 'static,
-    B::Error: Into<BoxError> + Send + Sync + 'static,
-{
-    type Output = Result<Response<BoxBody>, E>;
-
-    fn poll(self: std::pin::Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
-        let res = ready!(self.project().future.poll(cx))?;
-        let res = res.map(box_body);
-        Poll::Ready(Ok(res))
-    }
-}
-
 pin_project! {
     /// The response future for [`OnMethod`](super::OnMethod).
-    #[derive(Debug)]
     pub struct OnMethodFuture<S, F, B>
     where
         S: Service<Request<B>>,
         F: Service<Request<B>>
     {
         #[pin]
-        pub(super) inner: crate::routing::future::RouteFuture<S, F, B>,
+        pub(super) inner: Either<
+            Oneshot<S, Request<B>>,
+            Oneshot<F, Request<B>>,
+        >,
+        // pub(super) inner: crate::routing::future::RouteFuture<S, F, B>,
         pub(super) req_method: Method,
     }
 }
 
-impl<S, F, B> Future for OnMethodFuture<S, F, B>
+impl<S, F, B, ResBody> Future for OnMethodFuture<S, F, B>
 where
-    S: Service<Request<B>, Response = Response<BoxBody>>,
+    S: Service<Request<B>, Response = Response<ResBody>> + Clone,
+    ResBody: http_body::Body<Data = Bytes> + Send + Sync + 'static,
+    ResBody::Error: Into<BoxError>,
     F: Service<Request<B>, Response = Response<BoxBody>, Error = S::Error>,
 {
     type Output = Result<Response<BoxBody>, S::Error>;
 
+    #[allow(warnings)]
     fn poll(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
         let this = self.project();
-        let response = futures_util::ready!(this.inner.poll(cx))?;
+
+        let response = match this.inner.project() {
+            EitherProj::A { inner } => ready!(inner.poll(cx))?.map(box_body),
+            EitherProj::B { inner } => ready!(inner.poll(cx))?,
+        };
+
         if this.req_method == &Method::HEAD {
             let response = response.map(|_| box_body(Empty::new()));
             Poll::Ready(Ok(response))
diff --git a/src/service/mod.rs b/src/service/mod.rs
index ea7bed05..318757cf 100644
--- a/src/service/mod.rs
+++ b/src/service/mod.rs
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ pub mod future;
 /// Route requests to the given service regardless of the HTTP method.
 ///
 /// See [`get`] for an example.
-pub fn any<S, B>(svc: S) -> OnMethod<BoxResponseBody<S, B>, EmptyRouter<S::Error>>
+pub fn any<S, B>(svc: S) -> OnMethod<S, EmptyRouter<S::Error>, B>
 where
     S: Service<Request<B>> + Clone,
 {
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ where
 /// Route `CONNECT` requests to the given service.
 ///
 /// See [`get`] for an example.
-pub fn connect<S, B>(svc: S) -> OnMethod<BoxResponseBody<S, B>, EmptyRouter<S::Error>>
+pub fn connect<S, B>(svc: S) -> OnMethod<S, EmptyRouter<S::Error>, B>
 where
     S: Service<Request<B>> + Clone,
 {
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ where
 /// Route `DELETE` requests to the given service.
 ///
 /// See [`get`] for an example.
-pub fn delete<S, B>(svc: S) -> OnMethod<BoxResponseBody<S, B>, EmptyRouter<S::Error>>
+pub fn delete<S, B>(svc: S) -> OnMethod<S, EmptyRouter<S::Error>, B>
 where
     S: Service<Request<B>> + Clone,
 {
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ where
 /// Note that `get` routes will also be called for `HEAD` requests but will have
 /// the response body removed. Make sure to add explicit `HEAD` routes
 /// afterwards.
-pub fn get<S, B>(svc: S) -> OnMethod<BoxResponseBody<S, B>, EmptyRouter<S::Error>>
+pub fn get<S, B>(svc: S) -> OnMethod<S, EmptyRouter<S::Error>, B>
 where
     S: Service<Request<B>> + Clone,
 {
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ where
 /// Route `HEAD` requests to the given service.
 ///
 /// See [`get`] for an example.
-pub fn head<S, B>(svc: S) -> OnMethod<BoxResponseBody<S, B>, EmptyRouter<S::Error>>
+pub fn head<S, B>(svc: S) -> OnMethod<S, EmptyRouter<S::Error>, B>
 where
     S: Service<Request<B>> + Clone,
 {
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ where
 /// Route `OPTIONS` requests to the given service.
 ///
 /// See [`get`] for an example.
-pub fn options<S, B>(svc: S) -> OnMethod<BoxResponseBody<S, B>, EmptyRouter<S::Error>>
+pub fn options<S, B>(svc: S) -> OnMethod<S, EmptyRouter<S::Error>, B>
 where
     S: Service<Request<B>> + Clone,
 {
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ where
 /// Route `PATCH` requests to the given service.
 ///
 /// See [`get`] for an example.
-pub fn patch<S, B>(svc: S) -> OnMethod<BoxResponseBody<S, B>, EmptyRouter<S::Error>>
+pub fn patch<S, B>(svc: S) -> OnMethod<S, EmptyRouter<S::Error>, B>
 where
     S: Service<Request<B>> + Clone,
 {
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ where
 /// Route `POST` requests to the given service.
 ///
 /// See [`get`] for an example.
-pub fn post<S, B>(svc: S) -> OnMethod<BoxResponseBody<S, B>, EmptyRouter<S::Error>>
+pub fn post<S, B>(svc: S) -> OnMethod<S, EmptyRouter<S::Error>, B>
 where
     S: Service<Request<B>> + Clone,
 {
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ where
 /// Route `PUT` requests to the given service.
 ///
 /// See [`get`] for an example.
-pub fn put<S, B>(svc: S) -> OnMethod<BoxResponseBody<S, B>, EmptyRouter<S::Error>>
+pub fn put<S, B>(svc: S) -> OnMethod<S, EmptyRouter<S::Error>, B>
 where
     S: Service<Request<B>> + Clone,
 {
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ where
 /// Route `TRACE` requests to the given service.
 ///
 /// See [`get`] for an example.
-pub fn trace<S, B>(svc: S) -> OnMethod<BoxResponseBody<S, B>, EmptyRouter<S::Error>>
+pub fn trace<S, B>(svc: S) -> OnMethod<S, EmptyRouter<S::Error>, B>
 where
     S: Service<Request<B>> + Clone,
 {
@@ -243,38 +243,49 @@ where
 /// # axum::Server::bind(&"".parse().unwrap()).serve(app.into_make_service()).await.unwrap();
 /// # };
 /// ```
-pub fn on<S, B>(
-    method: MethodFilter,
-    svc: S,
-) -> OnMethod<BoxResponseBody<S, B>, EmptyRouter<S::Error>>
+pub fn on<S, B>(method: MethodFilter, svc: S) -> OnMethod<S, EmptyRouter<S::Error>, B>
 where
     S: Service<Request<B>> + Clone,
 {
     OnMethod {
         method,
-        svc: BoxResponseBody {
-            inner: svc,
-            _request_body: PhantomData,
-        },
+        svc,
         fallback: EmptyRouter::method_not_allowed(),
+        _request_body: PhantomData,
     }
 }
 
 /// A [`Service`] that accepts requests based on a [`MethodFilter`] and allows
 /// chaining additional services.
-#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-pub struct OnMethod<S, F> {
+#[derive(Debug)] // TODO(david): don't require debug for B
+pub struct OnMethod<S, F, B> {
     pub(crate) method: MethodFilter,
     pub(crate) svc: S,
     pub(crate) fallback: F,
+    pub(crate) _request_body: PhantomData<fn() -> B>,
 }
 
-impl<S, F> OnMethod<S, F> {
+impl<S, F, B> Clone for OnMethod<S, F, B>
+where
+    S: Clone,
+    F: Clone,
+{
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            method: self.method,
+            svc: self.svc.clone(),
+            fallback: self.fallback.clone(),
+            _request_body: PhantomData,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<S, F, B> OnMethod<S, F, B> {
     /// Chain an additional service that will accept all requests regardless of
     /// its HTTP method.
     ///
     /// See [`OnMethod::get`] for an example.
-    pub fn any<T, B>(self, svc: T) -> OnMethod<BoxResponseBody<T, B>, Self>
+    pub fn any<T>(self, svc: T) -> OnMethod<T, Self, B>
     where
         T: Service<Request<B>> + Clone,
     {
@@ -284,7 +295,7 @@ impl<S, F> OnMethod<S, F> {
     /// Chain an additional service that will only accept `CONNECT` requests.
     ///
     /// See [`OnMethod::get`] for an example.
-    pub fn connect<T, B>(self, svc: T) -> OnMethod<BoxResponseBody<T, B>, Self>
+    pub fn connect<T>(self, svc: T) -> OnMethod<T, Self, B>
     where
         T: Service<Request<B>> + Clone,
     {
@@ -294,7 +305,7 @@ impl<S, F> OnMethod<S, F> {
     /// Chain an additional service that will only accept `DELETE` requests.
     ///
     /// See [`OnMethod::get`] for an example.
-    pub fn delete<T, B>(self, svc: T) -> OnMethod<BoxResponseBody<T, B>, Self>
+    pub fn delete<T>(self, svc: T) -> OnMethod<T, Self, B>
     where
         T: Service<Request<B>> + Clone,
     {
@@ -330,7 +341,7 @@ impl<S, F> OnMethod<S, F> {
     /// Note that `get` routes will also be called for `HEAD` requests but will have
     /// the response body removed. Make sure to add explicit `HEAD` routes
     /// afterwards.
-    pub fn get<T, B>(self, svc: T) -> OnMethod<BoxResponseBody<T, B>, Self>
+    pub fn get<T>(self, svc: T) -> OnMethod<T, Self, B>
     where
         T: Service<Request<B>> + Clone,
     {
@@ -340,7 +351,7 @@ impl<S, F> OnMethod<S, F> {
     /// Chain an additional service that will only accept `HEAD` requests.
     ///
     /// See [`OnMethod::get`] for an example.
-    pub fn head<T, B>(self, svc: T) -> OnMethod<BoxResponseBody<T, B>, Self>
+    pub fn head<T>(self, svc: T) -> OnMethod<T, Self, B>
     where
         T: Service<Request<B>> + Clone,
     {
@@ -350,7 +361,7 @@ impl<S, F> OnMethod<S, F> {
     /// Chain an additional service that will only accept `OPTIONS` requests.
     ///
     /// See [`OnMethod::get`] for an example.
-    pub fn options<T, B>(self, svc: T) -> OnMethod<BoxResponseBody<T, B>, Self>
+    pub fn options<T>(self, svc: T) -> OnMethod<T, Self, B>
     where
         T: Service<Request<B>> + Clone,
     {
@@ -360,7 +371,7 @@ impl<S, F> OnMethod<S, F> {
     /// Chain an additional service that will only accept `PATCH` requests.
     ///
     /// See [`OnMethod::get`] for an example.
-    pub fn patch<T, B>(self, svc: T) -> OnMethod<BoxResponseBody<T, B>, Self>
+    pub fn patch<T>(self, svc: T) -> OnMethod<T, Self, B>
     where
         T: Service<Request<B>> + Clone,
     {
@@ -370,7 +381,7 @@ impl<S, F> OnMethod<S, F> {
     /// Chain an additional service that will only accept `POST` requests.
     ///
     /// See [`OnMethod::get`] for an example.
-    pub fn post<T, B>(self, svc: T) -> OnMethod<BoxResponseBody<T, B>, Self>
+    pub fn post<T>(self, svc: T) -> OnMethod<T, Self, B>
     where
         T: Service<Request<B>> + Clone,
     {
@@ -380,7 +391,7 @@ impl<S, F> OnMethod<S, F> {
     /// Chain an additional service that will only accept `PUT` requests.
     ///
     /// See [`OnMethod::get`] for an example.
-    pub fn put<T, B>(self, svc: T) -> OnMethod<BoxResponseBody<T, B>, Self>
+    pub fn put<T>(self, svc: T) -> OnMethod<T, Self, B>
     where
         T: Service<Request<B>> + Clone,
     {
@@ -390,7 +401,7 @@ impl<S, F> OnMethod<S, F> {
     /// Chain an additional service that will only accept `TRACE` requests.
     ///
     /// See [`OnMethod::get`] for an example.
-    pub fn trace<T, B>(self, svc: T) -> OnMethod<BoxResponseBody<T, B>, Self>
+    pub fn trace<T>(self, svc: T) -> OnMethod<T, Self, B>
     where
         T: Service<Request<B>> + Clone,
     {
@@ -422,17 +433,15 @@ impl<S, F> OnMethod<S, F> {
     /// # axum::Server::bind(&"".parse().unwrap()).serve(app.into_make_service()).await.unwrap();
     /// # };
     /// ```
-    pub fn on<T, B>(self, method: MethodFilter, svc: T) -> OnMethod<BoxResponseBody<T, B>, Self>
+    pub fn on<T>(self, method: MethodFilter, svc: T) -> OnMethod<T, Self, B>
     where
         T: Service<Request<B>> + Clone,
     {
         OnMethod {
             method,
-            svc: BoxResponseBody {
-                inner: svc,
-                _request_body: PhantomData,
-            },
+            svc,
             fallback: self,
+            _request_body: PhantomData,
         }
     }
 
@@ -459,9 +468,11 @@ impl<S, F> OnMethod<S, F> {
 
 // this is identical to `routing::OnMethod`'s implementation. Would be nice to find a way to clean
 // that up, but not sure its possible.
-impl<S, F, B> Service<Request<B>> for OnMethod<S, F>
+impl<S, F, B, ResBody> Service<Request<B>> for OnMethod<S, F, B>
 where
-    S: Service<Request<B>, Response = Response<BoxBody>> + Clone,
+    S: Service<Request<B>, Response = Response<ResBody>> + Clone,
+    ResBody: http_body::Body<Data = Bytes> + Send + Sync + 'static,
+    ResBody::Error: Into<BoxError>,
     F: Service<Request<B>, Response = Response<BoxBody>, Error = S::Error> + Clone,
 {
     type Response = Response<BoxBody>;
@@ -473,14 +484,16 @@ where
     }
 
     fn call(&mut self, req: Request<B>) -> Self::Future {
+        use crate::util::Either;
+
         let req_method = req.method().clone();
 
         let f = if self.method.matches(req.method()) {
             let fut = self.svc.clone().oneshot(req);
-            RouteFuture::a(fut)
+            Either::A { inner: fut }
         } else {
             let fut = self.fallback.clone().oneshot(req);
-            RouteFuture::b(fut)
+            Either::B { inner: fut }
         };
 
         future::OnMethodFuture {
@@ -574,55 +587,6 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-/// A [`Service`] that boxes response bodies.
-pub struct BoxResponseBody<S, B> {
-    inner: S,
-    _request_body: PhantomData<fn() -> B>,
-}
-
-impl<S, B> Clone for BoxResponseBody<S, B>
-where
-    S: Clone,
-{
-    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            inner: self.inner.clone(),
-            _request_body: PhantomData,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<S, B> fmt::Debug for BoxResponseBody<S, B>
-where
-    S: fmt::Debug,
-{
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        f.debug_struct("BoxResponseBody")
-            .field("inner", &self.inner)
-            .finish()
-    }
-}
-
-impl<S, ReqBody, ResBody> Service<Request<ReqBody>> for BoxResponseBody<S, ReqBody>
-where
-    S: Service<Request<ReqBody>, Response = Response<ResBody>> + Clone,
-    ResBody: http_body::Body<Data = Bytes> + Send + Sync + 'static,
-    ResBody::Error: Into<BoxError> + Send + Sync + 'static,
-{
-    type Response = Response<BoxBody>;
-    type Error = S::Error;
-    type Future = future::BoxResponseBodyFuture<Oneshot<S, Request<ReqBody>>>;
-
-    fn poll_ready(&mut self, _cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Result<(), Self::Error>> {
-        Poll::Ready(Ok(()))
-    }
-
-    fn call(&mut self, req: Request<ReqBody>) -> Self::Future {
-        let fut = self.inner.clone().oneshot(req);
-        future::BoxResponseBodyFuture { future: fut }
-    }
-}
-
 /// ```compile_fail
 /// use crate::{service::ServiceExt, prelude::*};
 /// use tower::service_fn;
diff --git a/src/tests/get_to_head.rs b/src/tests/get_to_head.rs
index 55c49bb0..3abc081b 100644
--- a/src/tests/get_to_head.rs
+++ b/src/tests/get_to_head.rs
@@ -39,17 +39,19 @@ mod for_handlers {
 mod for_services {
     use super::*;
     use crate::service::get;
+    use headers::HeaderValue;
 
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn get_handles_head() {
         let app = route(
             "/",
-            get((|| async {
-                let mut headers = HeaderMap::new();
-                headers.insert("x-some-header", "foobar".parse().unwrap());
-                (headers, "you shouldn't see this")
-            })
-            .into_service()),
+            get(service_fn(|req: Request<Body>| async move {
+                let res = Response::builder()
+                    .header("x-some-header", "foobar".parse::<HeaderValue>().unwrap())
+                    .body(Body::from("you shouldn't see this"))
+                    .unwrap();
+                Ok::<_, Infallible>(res)
+            })),
         );
 
         // don't use reqwest because it always strips bodies from HEAD responses
diff --git a/src/tests/mod.rs b/src/tests/mod.rs
index caa4aaad..11228055 100644
--- a/src/tests/mod.rs
+++ b/src/tests/mod.rs
@@ -354,10 +354,7 @@ async fn routing_between_services() {
             }),
         ),
     )
-    .route(
-        "/two",
-        service::on(MethodFilter::GET, handle.into_service()),
-    );
+    .route("/two", service::on(MethodFilter::GET, any(handle)));
 
     let addr = run_in_background(app).await;
 
diff --git a/src/util.rs b/src/util.rs
index 1c05533c..a731f741 100644
--- a/src/util.rs
+++ b/src/util.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 use bytes::Bytes;
+use pin_project_lite::pin_project;
 use std::ops::Deref;
 
 /// A string like type backed by `Bytes` making it cheap to clone.
@@ -28,3 +29,11 @@ impl ByteStr {
         std::str::from_utf8(&self.0).unwrap()
     }
 }
+
+pin_project! {
+    #[project = EitherProj]
+    pub(crate) enum Either<A, B> {
+        A { #[pin] inner: A },
+        B { #[pin] inner: B },
+    }
+}