scikit-learn/sklearn/ensemble/_hist_gradient_boosting/tests/test_splitting.py

263 lines
11 KiB
Python

import numpy as np
import pytest
from sklearn.ensemble._hist_gradient_boosting.types import HISTOGRAM_DTYPE
from sklearn.ensemble._hist_gradient_boosting.types import G_H_DTYPE
from sklearn.ensemble._hist_gradient_boosting.types import X_BINNED_DTYPE
from sklearn.ensemble._hist_gradient_boosting.splitting import Splitter
from sklearn.ensemble._hist_gradient_boosting.histogram import HistogramBuilder
@pytest.mark.parametrize('n_bins', [3, 32, 256])
def test_histogram_split(n_bins):
rng = np.random.RandomState(42)
feature_idx = 0
l2_regularization = 0
min_hessian_to_split = 1e-3
min_samples_leaf = 1
min_gain_to_split = 0.
X_binned = np.asfortranarray(
rng.randint(0, n_bins, size=(int(1e4), 1)), dtype=X_BINNED_DTYPE)
binned_feature = X_binned.T[feature_idx]
sample_indices = np.arange(binned_feature.shape[0], dtype=np.uint32)
ordered_hessians = np.ones_like(binned_feature, dtype=G_H_DTYPE)
all_hessians = ordered_hessians
sum_hessians = all_hessians.sum()
hessians_are_constant = False
for true_bin in range(1, n_bins - 1):
for sign in [-1, 1]:
ordered_gradients = np.full_like(binned_feature, sign,
dtype=G_H_DTYPE)
ordered_gradients[binned_feature <= true_bin] *= -1
all_gradients = ordered_gradients
sum_gradients = all_gradients.sum()
actual_n_bins = np.array([n_bins] * X_binned.shape[1],
dtype=np.uint32)
builder = HistogramBuilder(X_binned,
n_bins,
all_gradients,
all_hessians,
hessians_are_constant)
splitter = Splitter(X_binned,
n_bins,
actual_n_bins,
l2_regularization,
min_hessian_to_split,
min_samples_leaf, min_gain_to_split,
hessians_are_constant)
histograms = builder.compute_histograms_brute(sample_indices)
split_info = splitter.find_node_split(
sample_indices, histograms, sum_gradients,
sum_hessians)
assert split_info.bin_idx == true_bin
assert split_info.gain >= 0
assert split_info.feature_idx == feature_idx
assert (split_info.n_samples_left + split_info.n_samples_right
== sample_indices.shape[0])
# Constant hessian: 1. per sample.
assert split_info.n_samples_left == split_info.sum_hessian_left
@pytest.mark.parametrize('constant_hessian', [True, False])
def test_gradient_and_hessian_sanity(constant_hessian):
# This test checks that the values of gradients and hessians are
# consistent in different places:
# - in split_info: si.sum_gradient_left + si.sum_gradient_right must be
# equal to the gradient at the node. Same for hessians.
# - in the histograms: summing 'sum_gradients' over the bins must be
# constant across all features, and those sums must be equal to the
# node's gradient. Same for hessians.
rng = np.random.RandomState(42)
n_bins = 10
n_features = 20
n_samples = 500
l2_regularization = 0.
min_hessian_to_split = 1e-3
min_samples_leaf = 1
min_gain_to_split = 0.
X_binned = rng.randint(0, n_bins, size=(n_samples, n_features),
dtype=X_BINNED_DTYPE)
X_binned = np.asfortranarray(X_binned)
sample_indices = np.arange(n_samples, dtype=np.uint32)
all_gradients = rng.randn(n_samples).astype(G_H_DTYPE)
sum_gradients = all_gradients.sum()
if constant_hessian:
all_hessians = np.ones(1, dtype=G_H_DTYPE)
sum_hessians = 1 * n_samples
else:
all_hessians = rng.lognormal(size=n_samples).astype(G_H_DTYPE)
sum_hessians = all_hessians.sum()
actual_n_bins = np.array([n_bins] * X_binned.shape[1],
dtype=np.uint32)
builder = HistogramBuilder(X_binned, n_bins, all_gradients,
all_hessians, constant_hessian)
splitter = Splitter(X_binned, n_bins, actual_n_bins,
l2_regularization, min_hessian_to_split,
min_samples_leaf, min_gain_to_split, constant_hessian)
hists_parent = builder.compute_histograms_brute(sample_indices)
si_parent = splitter.find_node_split(sample_indices, hists_parent,
sum_gradients, sum_hessians)
sample_indices_left, sample_indices_right, _ = splitter.split_indices(
si_parent, sample_indices)
hists_left = builder.compute_histograms_brute(sample_indices_left)
hists_right = builder.compute_histograms_brute(sample_indices_right)
si_left = splitter.find_node_split(sample_indices_left, hists_left,
si_parent.sum_gradient_left,
si_parent.sum_hessian_left)
si_right = splitter.find_node_split(sample_indices_right, hists_right,
si_parent.sum_gradient_right,
si_parent.sum_hessian_right)
# make sure that si.sum_gradient_left + si.sum_gradient_right have their
# expected value, same for hessians
for si, indices in (
(si_parent, sample_indices),
(si_left, sample_indices_left),
(si_right, sample_indices_right)):
gradient = si.sum_gradient_right + si.sum_gradient_left
expected_gradient = all_gradients[indices].sum()
hessian = si.sum_hessian_right + si.sum_hessian_left
if constant_hessian:
expected_hessian = indices.shape[0] * all_hessians[0]
else:
expected_hessian = all_hessians[indices].sum()
assert np.isclose(gradient, expected_gradient)
assert np.isclose(hessian, expected_hessian)
# make sure sum of gradients in histograms are the same for all features,
# and make sure they're equal to their expected value
hists_parent = np.asarray(hists_parent, dtype=HISTOGRAM_DTYPE)
hists_left = np.asarray(hists_left, dtype=HISTOGRAM_DTYPE)
hists_right = np.asarray(hists_right, dtype=HISTOGRAM_DTYPE)
for hists, indices in (
(hists_parent, sample_indices),
(hists_left, sample_indices_left),
(hists_right, sample_indices_right)):
# note: gradients and hessians have shape (n_features,),
# we're comparing them to *scalars*. This has the benefit of also
# making sure that all the entries are equal across features.
gradients = hists['sum_gradients'].sum(axis=1) # shape = (n_features,)
expected_gradient = all_gradients[indices].sum() # scalar
hessians = hists['sum_hessians'].sum(axis=1)
if constant_hessian:
# 0 is not the actual hessian, but it's not computed in this case
expected_hessian = 0.
else:
expected_hessian = all_hessians[indices].sum()
assert np.allclose(gradients, expected_gradient)
assert np.allclose(hessians, expected_hessian)
def test_split_indices():
# Check that split_indices returns the correct splits and that
# splitter.partition is consistent with what is returned.
rng = np.random.RandomState(421)
n_bins = 5
n_samples = 10
l2_regularization = 0.
min_hessian_to_split = 1e-3
min_samples_leaf = 1
min_gain_to_split = 0.
# split will happen on feature 1 and on bin 3
X_binned = [[0, 0],
[0, 3],
[0, 4],
[0, 0],
[0, 0],
[0, 0],
[0, 0],
[0, 4],
[0, 0],
[0, 4]]
X_binned = np.asfortranarray(X_binned, dtype=X_BINNED_DTYPE)
sample_indices = np.arange(n_samples, dtype=np.uint32)
all_gradients = rng.randn(n_samples).astype(G_H_DTYPE)
all_hessians = np.ones(1, dtype=G_H_DTYPE)
sum_gradients = all_gradients.sum()
sum_hessians = 1 * n_samples
hessians_are_constant = True
actual_n_bins = np.array([n_bins] * X_binned.shape[1],
dtype=np.uint32)
builder = HistogramBuilder(X_binned, n_bins,
all_gradients, all_hessians,
hessians_are_constant)
splitter = Splitter(X_binned, n_bins, actual_n_bins,
l2_regularization, min_hessian_to_split,
min_samples_leaf, min_gain_to_split,
hessians_are_constant)
assert np.all(sample_indices == splitter.partition)
histograms = builder.compute_histograms_brute(sample_indices)
si_root = splitter.find_node_split(sample_indices, histograms,
sum_gradients, sum_hessians)
# sanity checks for best split
assert si_root.feature_idx == 1
assert si_root.bin_idx == 3
samples_left, samples_right, position_right = splitter.split_indices(
si_root, splitter.partition)
assert set(samples_left) == set([0, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8])
assert set(samples_right) == set([2, 7, 9])
assert list(samples_left) == list(splitter.partition[:position_right])
assert list(samples_right) == list(splitter.partition[position_right:])
# Check that the resulting split indices sizes are consistent with the
# count statistics anticipated when looking for the best split.
assert samples_left.shape[0] == si_root.n_samples_left
assert samples_right.shape[0] == si_root.n_samples_right
def test_min_gain_to_split():
# Try to split a pure node (all gradients are equal, same for hessians)
# with min_gain_to_split = 0 and make sure that the node is not split (best
# possible gain = -1). Note: before the strict inequality comparison, this
# test would fail because the node would be split with a gain of 0.
rng = np.random.RandomState(42)
l2_regularization = 0
min_hessian_to_split = 0
min_samples_leaf = 1
min_gain_to_split = 0.
n_bins = 255
n_samples = 100
X_binned = np.asfortranarray(
rng.randint(0, n_bins, size=(n_samples, 1)), dtype=X_BINNED_DTYPE)
binned_feature = X_binned[:, 0]
sample_indices = np.arange(n_samples, dtype=np.uint32)
all_hessians = np.ones_like(binned_feature, dtype=G_H_DTYPE)
all_gradients = np.ones_like(binned_feature, dtype=G_H_DTYPE)
sum_gradients = all_gradients.sum()
sum_hessians = all_hessians.sum()
hessians_are_constant = False
actual_n_bins = np.array([n_bins] * X_binned.shape[1],
dtype=np.uint32)
builder = HistogramBuilder(X_binned, n_bins, all_gradients,
all_hessians, hessians_are_constant)
splitter = Splitter(X_binned, n_bins, actual_n_bins,
l2_regularization, min_hessian_to_split,
min_samples_leaf, min_gain_to_split,
hessians_are_constant)
histograms = builder.compute_histograms_brute(sample_indices)
split_info = splitter.find_node_split(sample_indices, histograms,
sum_gradients, sum_hessians)
assert split_info.gain == -1